From kido-ywf at caribsurf.com  Sun Dec  1 12:43:38 1996
From: kido-ywf at caribsurf.com (kido)
Date: Sun, 1 Dec 1996 13:43:38 -0400 
Subject: Greetings from Planet KIDO! 
Message-ID: <9612011743.AA11534@col2.caribsurf.com> 


The KIDO Team wishes you a Happy and GREEN 1997 ! 

We welcome you to visit our Internet  Web site, to exchange links and 
relevant networking information at: 

                                        http://members.aol.com/ywf/home/kido 
.html              

The KIDO PROJECT Bio-Environmental Research Station in Carriacou, Grenadines 
of Grenada 
and our WHALE and DOLPHIN WATCHING operations are described  with  
an Introduction to YACHTING WITHOUT FRONTIERS, our non-profit organization. 


We work in conjunction with scientific researchers, NGOs, government 
departments and individuals developing projects, consulting and networking 
on environmental Issues, our focus is on tropical Small Islands and their 
ecological and cultural vulnerability. 

In occasion of the Year of the Reef 1997, we have presented a reef 
reconstruction project to the local gov. but the main problem is the lack of 
funds. 

To  promote Environmental Awareness and get the message across effectively, 
KIDO has authored and produced a new EXHIBITION of ENVIRONMENTAL CARTOONS, 
some of which you may enjoy in the CARTOON GALLERY section of our  Webpage, 
also available for sale as GREETING CARDS. 


Our worldwide itinerant Cartoons Exhibition can be part of your 1997 
environmental programmes (enhancing your conferences, seminars, 
international meetings and educational events): the KIDO display offers more 
than 60 poster-size Eco-Toons on all the "hot" subjects, from Waste to 
Endangered Species and Whales, Ocean Life, 'Overdevelopment', habitat 
destruction and Global Awareness . 

Environmentally yours 

KIDO 

For more information contact: 

Dr.Marina Fastigi 
Kido Project 
Sanctuary, Carriacou (Grenada)  
West Indies     
Tel/fax 809 443 7936 
email:  kido-ywf at caribsurf.com 
Internet Webpage address     http://members.aol.com/ywf/home/kido.html 



From shashar at umbc2.umbc.edu  Mon Dec  2 07:59:17 1996
From: shashar at umbc2.umbc.edu (shashar at umbc2.umbc.edu)
Date: Mon, 02 Dec 1996 07:59:17 -0500 (EST) 
Subject: Corals and UV book 
Message-ID: <Pine.PMDF.3.91.961202074944.90266A-100000@UMBC2.UMBC.EDU> 

Hi there 

I just wanted to let you know of a new book coming out that presents a  
collections of papers about UV and coral reefs, from methods, to  
reproduction, to vision, that came out of a workshop with the same name  
held in Hawaii a few years a go. 

Enclosed is the table of contents, for your scanning.  

The book's cost is $35 and that includes postage within the U.S. 

Well, for further info- contact the editors 
	Dave Alan Gulko <gulko at hawaii.edu> 
	Paul L Jokiel <jokiel at uhunix.uhcc.Hawaii.Edu> 
At the Hawaii Inst. of Marine Biology 

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 

	Ultraviolet Radiation and Coral Reefs 
		D. Gulko & P. L. Jokiel (eds) 

Table of Contents: 

Introduction: 
	An Introduction to the Study  
		of UV on Coral Reefs			P. L. Jokiel 
	Ultraviolet Light and the Origin  
		of Life					D. Mauzerall 
	Oh No, Not Another Workshop:  
		A Summary of Previous UV Workshops	M. P. Lesser 
	General Overview of Instrumentation, 
		Experimental Methods, and  
		Attenuation of UV Radiation 
		into Natural Waters			M. P. Lesser 
	Introduction to Materials and  
		Methods Used by Participants in the  
		1994 HIMB Summer Program on  
		'UV and Coral Reefs'			D.Gulko, M. P.  
							Lesser & M. Ondrusek 
	An Introduction to the UV Environment 
		of Kane'ohe Bay, O'ahu			D. Gulko 
	Attenuation in Kane'ohe Bay as  
		Interpreted from PUV Profiles		K. W. Patterson 

Plankton: 
	The Influence of Solar UV-B Radiation on  
		Copepods in the Lagoon at Coconut  
		Island, Hawai'i				H. Saito & S.Taguchi 
	A Biological Weighting Function for 
		Phytoplankton Growth Inhibition		P. J. M. Peterson, 
							R. C. Smith, K. W.  
							Patterson & P. L. 
							Jokiel 
	Physiological and Biochemical Effects of 
		UV Radiation on the Marine  
		Phytoplankton _Nannochloropsis_ sp. 
		and _Dunaliella_ sp.			B. Butow & T. 
							Fisher 
Corals: 
	Horizontal and Vertical Distribution of MAA's 
		in Hawaiian Corals: A Depth Profile 
		and a Survey				I. Kuffner, M. E. 
							Ondrusek & 
							M. Lesser 
	Response of a Pacific Stony Coral to Short- 
		term Exposure of Ultraviolet and  
		Visible Light				S. K. Lewis 
	Bleaching and Lipids in the Pacific Coral 
		_Montipora verrucosa_			A. G. Grottoli- 
							Everett 
	Uneven Bleaching Within a Coral Colony in 
		Response to Differing Levels of 
		Solar Radiation				A. G. Grottoli- 
							Everett & I. 
							Kuffner 
	The Metabolic Response of _Fungia scutaria_ 
		to Elevated Temperatures Under Various 
		UV Radiation Regimes			S. V. Hohlbach 
	Preliminary Report of the Occurance of 
		Mycosporine-like Amino Acids in the 
		Eggs of the Hawaiian Scleractinian 
		Corals _Montipora verrucosa_ and  
		_Fungia scutaria_			D. A. Krupp & 
							J. Blanck 
	Effects of Ultraviolet Radiation on  
		Fertilization in the Hawaiian Coral 
		_Fungia scutaria_			D. Gulko 
	The Effect of UV on Settlement of the Planula 
		of _Pocillopora damicornis_		A. Baker 

Zooxanthellae: 
	Ultraviolet Radiation: Helpful or Harmful to 
		Zooxanthellae Culture Growth		S. R. Santos 

Seaweeds: 
	Survey of Mycosporine-like Amino Acids in the  
		Macrophytes of Kane'ohe Bay		A. T. Banaszak & 
							M. Lesser 
	Effects of Ultraviolet Radiation and Nitrogen 
		Enrichment on Growth in the Coral Reef  
		Chlorophytes _Dictyosphaeria cavernosa_ 
		and _Dictyosphaeria versluysii_		S. Larned 
Phototoxicity: 
	Phototoxicity in a Coral Reef Flat Community	R. Peachey & 
							D. Crosby 

UV & Vision: 
	UV Vision by Marine Animals: Mainly Questions	N. Shashar 
	Polarization Vision as a Mechanism for 
		Detection of Transparent Objects	N. Shashar, L. 
							Addessi & T. W.  
							Cronin 
	Designs for Submersible Imaging Polarimeters	N. Shashar, T. W. 
							Cronin, G. Johnson 
							& L. B. Wolff 
	Ultraviolet Imagery				G. Losey, C. W. 
							Hawryshyn, W. N. 
							McFarland, E. R. 
							Lowe, T. W. Cronin 
							& D. Fiore 

Conclusions: 
	Workshop Roundtable Discussion on 
		"Directions in Marine UV Research" 





From shenker at winnie.fit.edu  Mon Dec  2 08:02:52 1996
From: shenker at winnie.fit.edu (Jonathan Shenker)
Date: Mon, 2 Dec 1996 08:02:52 -0500 (EST) 
Subject: Fishery for Marine Ornamental Tropical Fishes  
Message-ID: <Pine.SOL.3.95.961202080218.6076E-100000@winnie.fit.edu> 



I've been trying, without much success, to find current information about 
the commercial fishery for marine fishes for the aquarium trade.  I'm 
particularly interested in the techniques used by fisheries around the 
world, the impacts of fishing on reef ecosystems, the magnitude of the 
fisheries in different locations, and their economic values.   

Any information would be appreciated.  Please reply directly to me rather 
than the net.  

Thanks. 

Jon Shenker 
Florida Institute of Technology 



From hwelchli at nchgr.nih.gov  Mon Dec  2 11:40:54 1996
From: hwelchli at nchgr.nih.gov (Heidi Welchlin)
Date: Mon, 2 Dec 1996 11:40:54 -0500 
Subject: mitochondrial genetics of coral 
Message-ID: <v02140b00aec8b63daa06@[165.112.150.88]> 

My name is Heidi Welchlin and I am a molecular biologist at the National 
Institutes of Health.  I am interested in finding out more about the field 
of mitochondrial genetics of coral and find out who may be doing research 
in this field.  Of particular interest would be researchers in the 
Miami/Florida Keys area as I am considering relocating to Key Largo.  Any 
help that anyone could provide me would be greatly appreciated.  Thank you. 

Heidi L. Welchlin 
Gene Transfer Technology Section 
Clinical Gene Therapy Branch 
National Center for Human Genome Research 
National Institutes of Health 
10 Center Drive 10/10C107  MSC 1851 
Bethesda, MD 20892-1851 

e-mail: hwelchli at nchgr.nih.gov 
phone: (301)435-2827 
fax: (301)496-7184 



From meugenia at cica.es  Mon Dec  2 15:22:58 1996
From: meugenia at cica.es (meugenia at cica.es)
Date: Mon, 2 Dec 1996 20:22:58 +0000 
Subject: ZOEA - ANNOUNCEMENT / TAN 
Message-ID: <199612021918.UAA03659@obelix.cica.es> 

                       Sorry for cross-posting 

------------------------------------------------------------------------- 

      ZOEA is a Newsletter intended for all workers interested in  
crustacean larval development. ZOEA is a newsletter rather than a  
scientific journal. Publication started in January 1994. Since this  
moment, more than 1000 issue copies have been distributed to worldwide.  
At present, it  is published twice yearly, in spring and autumn. 
      Primary contents of ZOEA include short communications,  
announcements, request for information, lists of recent publications,  
posters and oral presentations in meetings, works in progress,  
abstracts of doctoral theses, and a research directory. 
      ZOEA will hopefully serve as both "a platform for fruitful  
discussion and exchange of ideas among carcinologists interested in  
aspects of larval development", as Klaus Anger proposed in ZOEA's  
inaugural issue, and a clearinghouse of information regarding both  
research and researchers. 
       At present, most of ZOEA members are working on decapod larvae (61 %), 
 followed  those studying copepod larvae (8.4 %), zooplankton (5.2 %), cirripeds 
  (3 %), mysids  (1 %) and others (20 %). Geographically, they are 
 distributed as follows: Europe (38 %), Asia (29 %), North-America (21 
 %), South-America (11 %), Oceania (4%) and Africa (3 %). As you can 
 see, it would be desirable that ZOEA Newsletter arrives to a wider of 
 specialists interested in the larval biology of different crustacean 
 groups. So, it may be a good idea to make ZOEA known to other 
 colleagues and promote the creation of a major forum for many aspects 
 of the larval development in crustaceans.  ZOEA's scope is very broad 
 with respect to taxonomy (all of Crustacea), geography (worlwide) 
 and biological discipline. 
       Subscriptons to ZOEA (15 U.S. $ or 1000 Spanish pesetas per  
year) is possible by: personal check (U.S. Bank), international  
postal giro, or credit card (VISA, MASTER-CARD). 
       For more information, please don't hesitate to contact the editors  
or regional editors.  

       Editors 

            Jose A. Cuesta 
Dept. Ecologia, Fac. Biologia, Apdo. 1095, 41080-Sevilla (Spain)       
e-mail: mariscal at cica.es 

            Dr. Pablo J. Lopez-Gonzalez 
Laboratorio Biologia Marina, Fac. Biologia, Apdo. 1095, 41080-Sevilla (Spain) 
e-mail: meugenia at cica.es 

             J.I. Gonzalez-Gordillo 
Inst. Cienc. Mar. Andalucia, Apdo. Oficial, 11510-Puerto Real, Cadiz (Spain) 
e-mail: nacho.gonzalez at icman.csic.es 


Reginal Editors 

   North America 
          Dr. A.H. Harvey 
Dept. Invertebrates. American Museum of Natural History, 79th Street  
at Central Park West, New York, NY 10024, USA 
e-mail: aharvey at amnh.org 

    South America 
           Dr. A. Fransozo & Dr. M.L. Negreiros-Fransozo 
Dept. Zoologia, NEBECC, IB, UNESP, Campus de Botucatu, Caixa Postal  
502, Cep 18618-000, Botucatu, Sau Paulo, Brazil. 
FAX:    +55-149213744 

    North Africa & Near East            
           Dr. A.M. Al-Aidaroos 
Fac. Marine Science, King Abdulaziz Univ. P.O. Box 1540, Jeddah  
21441, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. 
FAX:   +966-26401747 


    Looking forward to hearing from you, with your contributions and  
suggestions. 

   Sincerely 

       The Editors 


From ccook at hboi.edu  Mon Dec  2 17:06:00 1996
From: ccook at hboi.edu (Clay Cook)
Date: Mon, 2 Dec 1996 17:06:00 -0500 
Subject: Harbor Branch post-doc position 
Message-ID: <c=US%a=_%p=HBOI%l=HBOI/HBOI/00010896@smtp.hboi.edu> 

Greetings all, 

Our apologies for not getting this out more quickly.  I had thought we 
had posted it earlier, but apparently not.  The application forms are 
available on our HBOI website (www.hboi.edu). 

Clay Cook 

Clayton B. Cook 
Senior Scientist, Marine Science Division 
Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution 
5600 US 1 North				 
Ft Pierce, FL  34946			 
USA					 

e-mail  ccook at hboi.edu 
phone (407) 465-2400I,  ext. 301 
fax      (407) 468-0757 



	POSTDOCTORAL FELLOWSHIP IN MARINE SCIENCE 
	HARBOR BRANCH OCEANOGRAPHIC 


The Division of Marine Sciences, Harbor Branch Oceanographic 
Institution, Inc., has an opening for a Postdoctoral Fellow, to begin as 
soon as January 1, 1997.  Postdoctoral Fellows work closely with one of 
the Principal Investigators in the Division.  While research can be 
conducted in any discipline within marine science, three PI+s have 
identified specific interests for postdoctoral research: 

*Bioluminescence (Dr. Edie Widder, PI) has an opportunity for a post 
doctoral fellow to work on a project involving the development of a 3D 
mapping technique which uses computer image analysis and tracking 
algorithms to identify midwater zooplankton  based on their 
bioluminescent signatures.  Applicants should have a strong background 
in mathematical ecology.  Some experience with C++ programming 
preferred.  The successful candidate will receive training in 
bioluminescence, quantitative light measurements and submersible based 
data collection techniques. 

*Marine Botany (Dr. Dennis Hanisak, PI) has an opportunity for a 
post-doctoral fellow to work on the ecology or physiology of marine 
macroalgae or seagrasses.  Of particular interest would be candidates 
with interest and expertise in nitrogen or carbon ecophysiology of 
seagrasses, or macroalgae - nutrient interactions. 

*Symbiosis and Coral Biology (Dr. Clay Cook, PI) has opportunities in 
two areas of research: (1)  the effect of inorganic nutrients on the 
biology of reef building corals, and (2) the influence of host cell 
habitat on physiology and gene expression of symbiotic dinoflagellates, 
using the sea anemone Aiptasia pallida as a model. 

Applicants who have received their Ph.D. within the last five years are 
eligible to apply (the degree must be in hand before beginning the 
fellowship).  This fellowship is for 18 months, with an annual stipend 
of $25,000 ($37,500 total stipend); health benefits are available.  To 
receive additional information and application materials, contact: 
Postdoctoral Fellowship Committee, Division of Marine Science, Harbor 
Branch Oceanographic Institution, 5600 U.S. 1 North, Fort Pierce, FL 
34946; Phone: (407) 465-2400, x321; FAX: (407) 468-0757; e-mail: 
dumas at hboi.edu.  Potential applicants may wish to directly contact the 
PI of their interest:  widder at hboi.edu, hanisak at hboi.edu, or 
ccook at hboi.edu.  Final review and selection of the fellow will be made 
ca. December 13, 1996. 




From coral at aoml.noaa.gov  Tue Dec  3 10:49:59 1996
From: coral at aoml.noaa.gov (Coral Health and Monitoring Program)
Date: Tue, 3 Dec 1996 10:49:59 -0500 (EST) 
Subject: Cyanide And Dynamite Fishing 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.961203104931.1203B-100000@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> 


---------- Forwarded message ---------- 
Date: Tue, 03 Dec 1996 18:31:09 +1100 
From: michael aw <oneocean at comcen.com.au> 
To: hendee at coral.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: (no subject) 

Cyanide And Dynamite Fishing - Who's really responsible? 
By Michael AW 

The coral reefs in the Asia Pacific islands are under siege by coastal 
dwellers using cyanide and dynamite to procure fish.  This practice has 
been a vehemently condemned by conservation agencies , scuba diving 
magazines, dive resorts, NGOs (non governmental organizations) and marine 
scientists as well as all that have their vested interest in the coral 
reef environment. If the practice continues, it is estimated by the year 
2020, all coral reefs in the region will be destroyed. 

Spurred by quick bucks and the demand of aquariums and a live fish trade 
supplying restaurants throughout the region, unscrupulous traders employ 
agents / locals to harvest reef fishes with sodium cyanide. According to 
reports from the WWF, over 6000 cyanide divers squirt an estimated 150,000 
kg of dissolved poison on some 33 million coral heads annually. Beside the 
distinct possibility of causing the extinction of these fish species in 
the region by such a selective culling process , cyanide is not selective. 
It also indiscriminately kills coral polyps, symbiotic algae and other 
small reef organisms required for the sustenance of a healthy reef, which 
will eventually cause the entire ecosystem of the reef to collapse. During 
the first eight months of 1995, a total catch of 2.3 million kg of live 
groupers and humped wrasse worth over US$180 million was exported to Hong 
Kong, Taiwan and Singapore. Another 1.9 million kg of decorative fishes 
worth US$800,000 was shipped to Europe and North America. 

During Ocean N Environment expeditions to Indonesia, I have come to 
encounter these raiders of the reef. Collectors who expose their life to 
the risk of cyanide poisoning and decompression sickness due to extended 
exposure under pressure.  They comprise solely of boys from local tribes 
and sea gypsies. From small collection centres scattered among remote 
islands, each of these outposts gathers an average of 250 tons of Napoleon 
wrasse and grouper to meet the demand of their middleman in the principal 
towns of Ujung Pandang and Manado.  This selective culling of a specie 
that may live up to 50 years in the wild is considered totally 
unsustainable by marine scientists. In the short term however, a dinner 
plate sized Napoleon wrasse which may fetch up to US$800 in a Chinese 
restaurant in Hong Kong, makes good business acumen for the entrepreneur. 
Gourmet diners in Hong Kong are willing to part with thousands of dollars 
for a live fish and will go as far as checking out the freshness of their 
dinner by viewing swathes of flesh skillfully removed to show the fish's 
beating heart. 

Millions of dollars are invested by numerous environmental agencies mostly 
donated by the concerned public and corporate sponsors, to research, 
educate and 'retrain' fisherman to use other forms and methods of fishing. 
One of these organizations, Haribon Foundation for Conservation of Natural 
Resources, a leading Philippines NGO has as early as 1990 began a 
realistic effort to educate local fisherman on the sustainable development 
of the reef environment by protective netting and methods of collection. 
Coral Reef Alliance, another conservation agency for the reef, is also 
promoting retraining as a solution to the cyanide problems. 

However, on the other end of the scale, the simple principal of marketing 
still applies. Whenever there is a demand, someone out there will be 
sourcing for supply. In Asian culture, consumption of a Napoleon wrasse is 
not simply a dietary concern, but the status of being able to afford the 
luxury - to many it is a sign of wealth and status symbol.  The South East 
Asian counties have undoubtedly become a financial power, where a 
gastronomical feast of Napoleon wrasse and the 'thousand-dollar-a-bowl 
shark-fin soup mark a successful business transaction. In this regard, the 
demand for these delicacies is indeed a serious threat to the marine 
environment. 

All governments in the South East Asian countries have excellent laws that 
declare fishing with both cyanide and dynamite illegal, but implementation 
and enforcement are two separate issues altogether.  Governments in these 
countries can do nothing to restrict the dietary habits of their own 
citizens nor a business venture that engages in cyanide fishing by say a 
Singaporean in Sulawesi, Indonesia for example.  In a hypothetical 
situation, the obvious solution that would inevitably cause the cyanide 
fishing industry to collapse is for the governments of Singapore, 
Malaysia, Hong Kong, Taiwan, China and even Australia to impose bans on 
the sale of live Napoleon Wrasse and grouper.  If the aquarium trade for 
ornamental fishes in the USA is causing the degradation of reefs in the 
Philippines, then ban the tropical fish vendors in that country. Without 
the demand, there will no call for supply. 

In the real world, this is not as simple. When I checked with Dr. Howard 
Latin, an international conservation law professor from New Jersey, on the 
possibility of a ban on the sale of live Napoleon wrasse,, his immediate 
comment was "since the markets for live groupers & Napoleon Wrasse are 
mainly in Asian countries without strong environmental laws, my analysis 
wouldn't work and we'd need to find more economical disincentive measures 
such as boycotts, information disclosure, etc." 


Hong Kong, Taiwan, Japan, Indonesia and Singapore have a long history of 
allowing  trade in endangered species  and it will be  unrealistic to 
expect 
these importing nations to restrain the businessmen and consumers who 
want 
to have these "luxury" fish for  consumption.  Take  Singapore for 
instance, 
world renown for law enforcement on its bans on everything from illegal 
drugs to chewing gum - imposing effective controls would mean the demand 
of 
some  cyanide free  import certificates from merchants and random 
testing of 
live  fish -  the cost  and legalities of which may well offend 
neighboring 
nations, does not justify  the benefits.  Singapore does not have much 
of 
her own coral reef resources. 

In another context,  what can these governments offer the poor fishermen 
who 
are making 
considerably higher wages (at the risk of their lives and health) using 
cyanide to catch a few species in high demand?  Take Indonesia as an 
example.  This nation is an archipelago comprised of over 170000 
islands, 
with a population of over 190 million - a high percentage of these 
people 
live by and are sustained by the sea and aid is next to non -existent. 
In 
our expedition to Tukang Besi,  thought to be one of the few remaining 
untouched coral reef environments  we found obvious evidence of 
frequent 
dynamite  fishing used for the collection of fish to  feed the people of 
it's overpopulated  water villages. 




 A spokesman of Operation Wallacea,  told me that they have received 
over 
2million US dollars  in aid from Hong Kong  Bank for their research 
project 
at Tukang Besi. The operation is charging volunteers up to $3000 to help 
them document  the bio-diversity there  in an effort to declare the area 
a 
marine reserve. Despite all the good intentions, the crux of the 
problems 
has not been addressed. There are simply too many people , and these 
people 
need to live.  Wouldn't it be much better  to spend the 2 million 
dollars 
either relocating these people or  to help them  develop a form of 
sustainable aqua culture ? In a nut shell, if we were to focus our 
effort on 
feeding these people that are practicing dynamite and cyanide fishing, 
by 
providing them with  resources and skills to improve their quality of 
life, 
wouldn't  they help us save our reef? The question I posed at my recent 
presentation on the environment at DEMA Asia in Kuala Lumpur is "What 
have 
businesses that profit from the pristineness of coral reefs done for 
these 
people whose  livelihood has been sustained by the reef's resources?" 


The messages scuba and geographical magazines, instruction agencies, 
resorts 
and live-aboard vessels promote are environmentally friendly - 'don't 
touch 
the reef, don't take anything' . The new breed of divers are a conscious 
lot. Most divers do little damage to coral reefs,  don't remove shells 
and 
frown on those who do.  One afternoon last year, while on Bunaken island 
with a group of divers from Australia ,we  were approached by a young 
girl, 
barely eight years old, carrying a basket of shells to sell.  She did 
not 
yield a response from any of us.  My point  to this is simple - while 
each 
of us must have paid up to US$150 per day for the privilege of diving in 
this girl's  'backyard', she did not  reap a single cent - while  her 
father 
was probably out in an outrigger canoe  waiting to bring  in their next 
meal. 

As  long as  there are poverty stricken people that are sustained by the 
sea 
and as long as there is demand by the rich and wealthy for 'luxury' 
fish, 
dynamite and cyanide will continue to send our coral reef to 
irreversible 
degradation.  We are not ruling out the prospect of having Napoleon 
wrasse 
banned from the restaurants of Asia - Pacific countries, but the 
businesses 
and responsible divers need to take a closer look at their contribution 
to 
the problems.  I cite Goodwin's (1996)definition of ecotourism to 
illustrate 
my point, as most operators in the diving  businesses believe that they 
provide. " low impact nature tourism which contributes to the 
maintenance of 
species and habitats either directly through a contribution to 
conservation 
and/or indirectly by providing revenue to the local community sufficient 
for 
local people to value, and therefore protect their wildlife heritage 
area as 
a source of income.  To this end I have  not seen many such 
contributions by 
either operators or participants,  in my last six years of extensive 
travel. 
If every operator in the region would start by adopting a village or 
local 
community near their operation, providing them with education and a 
source 
of income, it shall be a positive start to eliminating  dynamite and 
cyanide 
off  our coral reefs. A boycott by every diver and their friends in Asia 
from restaurants that serve shark-fin soup and live Napoleon wrasse will 
also create headlines with the news media.  The preservation of the 
quality 
of our coral reefs is more than just wearing a Save the Reef  T-shirt or 
sticking a "Responsible Diver" sticker on the family car. 

Michael AW 


Life's short...play hard 
The Ocean is Our Playground! 

Note our new email address: oneocean at comcen.com.au 
Michael AW of 
Ocean N Environment Ltd 
P.O. Box 2138, Carlingford Court Post Office 
Carlingford NSW 2118, Australia 
Tel / Fax: 61 2 9 686 36 88 also 9686 6838 
Mobile: 61 (0) 418 203 238 
email: oneocean at comcen.com.au 
http://www.OceanNEnvironment.com.au 


From coral at aoml.noaa.gov  Tue Dec  3 10:47:23 1996
From: coral at aoml.noaa.gov (Coral Health and Monitoring Program)
Date: Tue, 3 Dec 1996 10:47:23 -0500 (EST) 
Subject: An expensive meal and the Chinese (fwd) 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.961203104628.1203A-100000@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> 


---------- Forwarded message ---------- 
Date: Fri, 29 Nov 1996 06:53:46 -0500 (EST) 
From: Ursula Keuper-Bennett <howzit at io.org> 
To: owner-coral-list at aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Re: An expensive meal and the Chinese 

Nicolas J. Pilcher wrote: 

"to target the rich, you have to offer them an alternative that will still 
allow them to 'save-face' and still act rich. This is Asia. Welcome to a 
new mindset.  The need to entertain guests and provide them with a large 
live fish is cemented now as an important tradition - modern it may be, 
but it's there and we have to live with it.  These people don't eat this 
at home.  Ever!  It is only to show off politely that it is done.  These 
are aspects to consider when tackling this issue." 

---- 

Perhaps a start might be for a few of the rich to take leadership roles 
and instead of offering a large live fish at a gathering offer to show 
video of the large live fish that was actually found, stalked and spared, 
complete with footage of the divers, holding up a sign in Chinese beside 
the behemoth (gives guests an excellent idea of the size of the animal) 
that says "This creature has been spared through the wisdom and generosity 
of [name of host]." 

The fish could also be tagged and the host given its number.  Full colour 
posters of the fish could be given to each guest upon leaving.  They could 
still eat live fish, just something a lot less damaging to future stocks. 
The rich could still spend their $10 000 but now it is to pay two divers 
to photograph, video and tag this large beast with the rest of the money 
going to fisheries maintenance. 

If that didn't work, there is always international condemnation of the 
practice.  The rich used to enjoy fox hunting until there was sufficient 
public outrage.  Very few people can wear fur coats now and feel fully 
comfortable.  But that should be an option only after the first was tried. 

It is always better to approach people cooperatively than through 
coercion.  Dr. Archie Carr (sea turtle champion) taught me the power or 
one or two (--through his writings, I never met the man) and I believe all 
it might take is a few of Hong Kong's elite to set the example and a new 
tradition could be started. 

That kind of responsibility spread through the media would do far more for 
international opinion of both Hong Kong and the Chinese, than its present 
reputation of buying up the world's resources and taking advantage of the 
poor in the poorest of nations. 


Best regards 

                       ^ Ursula Keuper-Bennett 
                      0 0                 Email: howzit at io.org 
             /V^\     I I    /^V\ 
           /V     Turtle Trax    V\       http://www.turtles.org 

            PLEASE SUPPORT Green Turtle Fibropapilloma RESEARCH 


From tsocci at usgcrp.gov  Tue Dec  3 15:42:37 1996
From: tsocci at usgcrp.gov (Tony Socci)
Date: Tue, 3 Dec 1996 15:42:37 -0500 
Subject: December 9th USGCRP Seminar on "The Economics of Climate Chnage Impacts and 
 Mitigation:  The Importance of Values and Assumptions" 
Message-ID: <v02110114aeca40ee1c35@[131.182.242.88]> 


                U.S. Global Change Research Program Second Monday Seminar Series 

   The Economics of Climate Change Impacts and Mitigation: 
                                   The Importance of Values and Assumptions 


What is the basis of cost/benefit analyses of projected climate change 
impacts and mitigation options?  What are the values and assumptions that 
have gone into these analyses?  How significantly do cost/benefit analyses 
change in instances where one makes different assumptions and value 
judgments? 


                                                      Public Invited 


                               Monday, December 9, 1996, 3:15-4:45 PM 
                   Rayburn House Office Bldg., Room B369, Washington, DC 
                                                 Reception Following 


INTRODUCTION 

The Honorable Mark Chupka, Acting Assistant Secretary for the Office of 
Policy and International Affairs, U.S. Department of Energy, Washington, DC 

SPEAKERS 

Dr. Richard B. Norgaard, Professor of Energy and Resources, University of 
California, Berkeley, CA 

Dr. Robert Costanza, Director, University of Maryland Institute for 
Ecological Economics, College Park, MD 


                                                                   Overview 

As we move from a world that was relatively empty of humans and their 
influences on the environment to one that is relatively full, interactions 
between the ecological life support system and the economic subsystem 
become increasingly important. Of particular importance is the integration 
of the three broad goals of ecological sustainability, social fairness, and 
allocative efficiency.  The potential for global change to damage 
irreversibly the ecological life support system and reduce the well-being 
of our descendants is a key concern in this context. 

To address the complex set of issues that arise, improved methods are 
needed for: the valuation of natural capital, national income and welfare 
accounting, integrated modeling and assessment, dealing with uncertainty, 
and the intertemporal allocation of resources.  To address these issues, 
and their implications for global change in an integrated way requires 
moving beyond the standard approaches in both ecology and economics (while 
not discarding the best elements of each).  "Ecological economics," is 
helping to develop a new "habit of mind" that can provide the basis for 
understanding and managing the planet in a sustainable way. 

Within this broad framework, a number of important issues are being 
considered.  These include: 1) the advantages and disadvantages of an early 
response to predicted climate change; 2) the value of reducing the 
uncertainties surrounding the environmental processes, ecological impacts, 
and economic consequences of climate change; 3) the mix of mitigation and 
adaptation that may ultimately prove the best strategy; and 4) the 
augmented benefits of mitigation that result from the environmental gains 
that can be captured through decreased greenhouse gas emissions and 
increased protection of forests and other biomass sources. 

Findings from approaches based on ecological economics generally suggest 
the need for earlier action than do economic studies that do not consider 
ecological perspectives.  These findings are based on studies that focus on 
system limits, thresholds, and dynamic complexities.  When considering 
ecological connections, the Index of Social and Economic Welfare (also 
called the Genuine Progress Indicator) suggests, for example, that the 
increases in GDP per capita over the past quarter century are largely 
illusory. Economic models that do not fully include consideration of the 
complexity of our environment then tend to extrapolate these illusory gains 
for future generations and improperly weight these against the real 
benefits of investing in climate change mitigation.  Analyzing the societal 
impacts of climate change also highlights the importance of considering 
equity along with efficiency in reaching an appropriate solution. What is 
efficient for this generation is not necessarily equitable for the next and 
doing what is efficient for the industrialized countries may have major 
adverse impacts on poor countries and on global stability in the longer 
run.  Ecological economics also allows for a coupling of climate change to 
related issues such as biodiversity loss and the local and regional 
problems of environmental quality. 

Improving understanding of and capabilities for considering environmental 
complexity in association with economic efficiency is thus an essential 
research task needed to support policy development. 

                                                             Biographies 

Dr. Richard B. Norgaard is Professor of Energy and Resources, University of 
California at Berkeley.  He received his Ph.D. in Economics from the 
University of Chicago in 1971, assisted in the creation of the Energy and 
Resources Group as a Professor of Agricultural and Resource Economics at 
Berkeley, and joined the core faculty of the Energy and Resources Group in 
1987.  Dr. Norgaard has contributed to the economic theory of 
intergenerational equity and the economics of energy development, climate 
change, and biodiversity loss. He also writes on how environmental 
complexity has modified our understanding of how science works.  He has 
over one hundred publications including a book that provides an 
epistemological explanation of our environmental crisis and explores how a 
coevolutionary understanding of process can be used to envision a more 
sustainable future ("Development Betrayed: The End of Progress and a 
Coevolutionary Revisioning of the Future", Routledge, London and New York, 
1994). 

Dr. Norgaard helped found and is currently President-elect of the 
International Society for Ecological Economics.  He is a member of the U.S. 
Committee of the Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment 
(SCOPE) hosted in the U.S. by the National Research Council.  He 
participated in the founding and serves as chairman of the board of 
Redefining Progress, an NGO based in San Francisco engaged in research and 
public education on greening the system of national accounts and on 
resource and environmental taxation. 


Dr. Robert Costanza is director of the University of Maryland Institute for 
Ecological Economics, and a professor in the Center for Environmental and 
Estuarine Studies at Solomons, MD, and in the Zoology Department at College 
Park, MD.  His academic research has focused on the interface between 
ecological and economic systems, particularly at larger temporal and 
spatial scales.  This includes landscape level spatial simulation modeling, 
analysis of energy flows through economic and ecological systems, valuation 
of ecosystem services and natural capital, and analysis of dysfunctional 
incentive systems and ways to correct them.  He is the author or co-author 
of over 200 scientific papers and 11 books. 

Dr. Costanza is co-founder and president of the International Society for 
Ecological Economics (ISEE) and chief editor of the society's journal: 
"Ecological Economics."  He serves on the editorial board of five other 
international academic journals.  He is also vice president of the newly 
formed International Society for Ecosystem Health. In 1982 he was selected 
as a Kellogg National Fellow; in 1992 he was awarded the Society for 
Conservation Biology Distinguished Achievement Award; and in 1993 he was 
selected as a Pew Scholar in Conservation and the Environment. He has 
served on the EPA National Advisory Council for Environmental Policy and 
Technology (NACEPT); the National Research Council's Board on Sustainable 
Development, Committee on Global Change Research; the National Research 
Council's Board on Global Change; and the U.S. National Committee for the 
Man and the Biosphere Program. 

Dr. Costanza received his Ph.D. from the University of Florida in 1979 in 
systems ecology with a minor in economics.  He also has a masters degree in 
Architecture and Urban and Regional  Planning, also from the University of 
Florida.  Before coming to Maryland in 1988, he was on the faculty at the 
Coastal Ecology Institute and the Department of Marine Sciences at 
Louisiana State University in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. 


                   The Next Seminar is scheduled for Monday, January 13, 1997 

                 Planned Topic: Food, Agriculture, and Climate Change: 
                                          The International and U.S. Outlook 


For more information please contact: 

Anthony D. Socci, Ph.D., U.S. Global Change Research Program Office 
Code YS-1, 300 E St., SW, Washington, DC 20546 
Telephone: (202) 358-1532; Fax: (202) 358-4103 
E-Mail: TSOCCI at USGCRP.GOV. 

Additional information on the U.S. Global Change Research Program (USGCRP) 
and this Seminar Series is available on the USGCRP Home Page at: 
http://www.usgcrp.gov. Normally these seminars are held on the second 
Monday of each month. 



From gochfeld at hawaii.edu  Tue Dec  3 16:21:18 1996
From: gochfeld at hawaii.edu (Deborah Gochfeld)
Date: Tue, 3 Dec 1996 11:21:18 -1000 
Subject: coral-feeding nudibranchs 
Message-ID: <Pine.GSO.3.93.961203111959.2190A-100000@uhunix3> 

Dear Coral-listers, 

Has anyone working on reefs in the Pacific (other than Hawaii) had 
experiences with mortality of Porites corals due to the nudibranch, 
Phestilla sibogae?  I am looking for information on Phestilla predation on 
corals either in situ on the reef, transplanted to different habitats, or 
in flow-through tanks in a laboratory setting.  If you have had any 
experiences with these nudibranchs (or any other coral-feeding 
nudibranchs!), please contact me directly at:   

gochfeld at hawaii.edu.   

Cheers, 

Deborah Gochfeld 
Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology 
P.O. Box 1346 
Kaneohe, HI 96744 

Phone:  (808) 236-7432    
Fax:  (808) 236-7443 
gochfeld at uhunix.uhcc.hawaii.edu 



From pol at lisa.univ-perp.fr  Wed Dec  4 10:49:34 1996
From: pol at lisa.univ-perp.fr (pol at lisa.univ-perp.fr)
Date: Wed, 04 Dec 1996 10:49:34 EST 
Subject: Incentive for Reef Research In French Polynesia  
Message-ID: <009AC559.4CD91F60.8701@lisa.univ-perp.fr> 


  Reef research opportunities at the Centre for Insular Research and 

Observatory for the Environment (CRIOBE), Moorea, French  
Polynesia : 


In order to stimulate coral reef research in French Polynesia, and to 

develop international cooperation with research teams operating  
from CRIOBE,  
Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (CRIOBE mother Institution) is 

lauching the 

      CRIOBE RESEARCH FELLOWSHIP INCENTIVE 

Starting 1st January 1997, all graduate students and scientists who 
will  
work at CRIOBE for a minimum of 14 days during any calendar year  
will have, subject to their prior approval, their name entered in a 

draw . The prize will be drawn at the end of each calendar year ( 1st 

draw December 1997) in a foreign  research institution, in the 

presence of the institution's head.           The winner will receive 
a  
return ticket from his/her home institution to Moorea to be used 

during the following calendar year, for a further research period at 

CRIOBE of 14 days minimum. 
  	Two categories of Fellowship incentive exist : 
                	- One for French citizens 
		- One for nationals of other countries 

	For more detailed information on CRIOBE, application  
procedures, facilities available and bench fees, please contact : 

		The Director 
		CRIOBE/EPHE 
		BP 1013  Papetoai 
		MOOREA, French Polynesia 
		Fax 689 56 28 15  
		Email :  criobe at tahiti.rio.net 



-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=- 
   Biologie Marine et Malacologie/Ichtyoecologie tropicale et Mediterraneenne 
                          ECOLE PRATIQUE DES HAUTES ETUDES 
            Centre de Biologie et d'Ecologie Tropicale et Mediterraneenne 
      Universite de Perpignan, 52 Av. de Villeneuve, F-66860 - PERPIGNAN CEDEX 
      Tel.: +33 4 68 66 20 55, Fax: +33 4 68 50 36 86, e-mail:pol at univ-perp.fr 
-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=- 


From coral at aoml.noaa.gov  Wed Dec  4 07:15:53 1996
From: coral at aoml.noaa.gov (Coral Health and Monitoring Program)
Date: Wed, 4 Dec 1996 07:15:53 -0500 (EST) 
Subject: Cyanide And Dynamite Fishing (fwd) 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.961204071522.3195A-100000@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> 


---------- Forwarded message ---------- 
Date: Tue, 3 Dec 1996 14:12:50 -0600 
From: "Judith C. Lang" <jlang at uts.cc.utexas.edu> 
To: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral at aoml.noaa.gov> 
Subject: Re: Cyanide And Dynamite Fishing 

Michael AW has noted: 
>If every operator in the region would start by adopting a village or 
>local community near their operation, providing them with education and a 
>source of income, it shall be a positive start to eliminating  dynamite and 
>cyanide off  our coral reefs..... 

Not just every diving tourism or dive shop operator , but also every 
amateur and university diving club in your region could be asked to 
participate.  And don't forget your schoolchildren....you have an 
opportunity to extend those wonderful teaching materials for GBR coral 
reefs to real-world actions.  (Incidentally, my experience here in the 
southwestern US is that an excellent "hooker", to divers and school 
teachers alike, is an age-appropriate project which allows them to feel as 
though they are participating in IYOR.) 

Please folks also remember there are also lots of Asian SCUBA divers, dive 
operators, students and scientists with deep concerns for the integrity of 
their own and the region's coral reefs and coastal communities....perhaps 
some of whom could share with us their ideas about how best to reverse 
current trends. 

Judy Lang 



From lebris at com.univ-mrs.fr  Wed Dec  4 12:22:25 1996
From: lebris at com.univ-mrs.fr (LE BRIS Sylvain)
Date: Wed, 4 Dec 1996 18:22:25 +0100 
Subject: sharm el sheik 
Message-ID: <199612041723.MAA00785@reef.aoml.noaa.gov> 

I am trying to find information about sea water temperature in Sharm El 
Sheik bay (Red Sea, Egypt) and information about the weather at the end of 
december. 
Sylvain 

LE BRIS Sylvain                   
Station Marine d'Endoume 
rue batterie des Lions 
13007 Marseille (France) 

Tel: 04 91 04 16 00        from abroad  Tel: +33 4 91 04 16 00 
Fax: 04 91 04 16 35                     Fax: +33 4 91 04 16 35  

E-mail: lebris at com.univ-mrs.fr 


From blanchon at indiana.edu  Wed Dec  4 14:18:29 1996
From: blanchon at indiana.edu (Paul A. Blanchon)
Date: Wed, 4 Dec 1996 14:18:29 -0500 (EST) 
Subject: Cyanide And Dynamite Fishing - Who's really responsible? 
Message-ID: <Pine.HPP.3.91.961204133714.4740A-100000@ophelia.ucs.indiana.edu> 


I read with interest, as perhaps most of you did, Michael's thoughts on  
the important question of who's responsible for overfishing and reef  
degradation. And I whole heartedly agree that the solution is to reduce  
DEMAND for live fish. 

However, I was rather surprised to find that the rest of the piece went on  
to explain the difficulties of reducing demand for live fish in far  
east restaurants and made no further mention of the European and  
N. American aquarium trade which, according to the figures, apparently  
makes up 50% of the problem (or did I miss something?). 

As I see it, there's absolutely no way we can play the role of reef  
guardians for poor marginalized fishing communities until we put our own  
house in order. 

To this end, I think a revealing project for concerned students would be a  
survey of local pet stores to see how many of them were selling live fish  
caught from reefs around the world. Anyone interested? 

Cheers, Paul. 

       ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 
	Paul Blanchon | Research Associate 
	Department of Geological Sciences 
	Indiana University, Bloomington, 
	IN 47405-1403 | Tel:(812) 855-9729 Fax:0646 
	Visit the 'New' Reef Resource Page at... 
	http://www.indiana.edu/~reefpage/ 
       ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 


From cbingman at netcom.com  Wed Dec  4 16:06:37 1996
From: cbingman at netcom.com (Craig Bingman)
Date: Wed, 4 Dec 1996 13:06:37 -0800 (PST) 
Subject: Cyanide And Dynamite Fishing - Who's really responsible? 
In-Reply-To: <Pine.HPP.3.91.961204133714.4740A-100000@ophelia.ucs.indiana.edu> 
Message-ID: <Pine.3.89.9612041236.A12430-0100000@netcom13> 



On Wed, 4 Dec 1996, Paul A. Blanchon wrote: 

> However, I was rather surprised to find that the rest of the piece went on  
> to explain the difficulties of reducing demand for live fish in far  
> east restaurants and made no further mention of the European and  
> N. American aquarium trade which, according to the figures, apparently  
> makes up 50% of the problem (or did I miss something?). 

Are you claiming that 50% of the damage to reefs from dynamite and  
cyanide fishing occurs because of attempts to catch ornamental fish? 

My understanding is that dynamite just isn't used to collect ornamental  
fish.  I would be interested in solid, verifiable information indicating  
that it is. 

Cyanide is, unfortunately still used to collect ornamental fish, and that  
is an abhorent practice.   

Pragmatically, though, it seems that food fish are the target when entire  
reefs are destroyed by dumping drums of cyanide into the water.  Again, I  
would be most interested in information indicating that ornamental marine  
fish are a primary or secondary target of such practices.  And that the  
concentrations of cyanide required to stun a hundred pound grouper don't  
kill small ornamental fish outright. 

Craig 



From mcall at superaje.com  Wed Dec  4 20:36:28 1996
From: mcall at superaje.com (Don McAllister)
Date: Wed, 04 Dec 1996 20:36:28 -0500 
Subject: Cyanide And Dynamite Fishing - Who's really responsible? 
References: <Pine.3.89.9612041236.A12430-0100000@netcom13> 
Message-ID: <32A6271C.7837@superaje.com> 

Craig Bingman wrote: 
>  
> On Wed, 4 Dec 1996, Paul A. Blanchon wrote: 
>  

> Are you claiming that 50% of the damage to reefs from dynamite and 
> cyanide fishing occurs because of attempts to catch ornamental fish? 
>  
> My understanding is that dynamite just isn't used to collect ornamental > fish.  I would be interested in solid, 
verifiable  
information indicating > that it is. 
>Craig is right.  Dynamite is not used to collect ornamental fishes.  
Stunning aquarium fishes (and incidentally killing some on the spot or  
by subsequent post-exposure mortality) by spraying coral heads with  
cyanide is used to collect ornamentals in the Philippines and in  
Indonesia.  Most other countries use small fence nets, fish traps or  
other more environmentally friendly methods.  And the Haribon Foundation  
for Conservation of Natural Resources of Manila and Ocean Voice  
International of Ottawa have been training ornamental collectors to use  
small nets, empower them with knowledge of coral reef ecology, foster  
creation of marine reserves and fisher coops or community organizations  
since 1989.  See our home page below. 

don 


--  
Don E. McAllister             /& Canadian Centre for Biodiversity 
Ocean Voice International          /Canadian Museum of Nature 
Box 37026, 3332 McCarthy Rd. /Box 3443, Station D 
Ottawa, ON K1V 0W0, Canada    /Ottawa, ON K1P 6P4 
URL: http://www.ovi.ca  E-mail: mcall at superaje.com   
 (or: ah194 at freenet.carleton.ca) Tel: (613) 264-8986, Fax: (613)  
264-9204 


From blanchon at indiana.edu  Thu Dec  5 11:10:35 1996
From: blanchon at indiana.edu (Paul A. Blanchon)
Date: Thu, 5 Dec 1996 11:10:35 -0500 (EST) 
Subject: Cyanide And Dynamite Fishing - Who's really responsible? 
Message-ID: <Pine.HPP.3.91.961205105423.14378A-100000@ophelia.ucs.indiana.edu> 

Just to clear up the confusion for those of you who obviously did  
not read Michaels commentary, here is the part I was referring to: 

>During the first eight months of 1995, a total catch of 2.3 million kg of  
>live groupers and humped wrasse worth over US$180 million was exported to  
>Hong Kong, Taiwan and Singapore. Another 1.9 million kg of decorative fishes 
>worth US$800,000 was shipped to Europe and North America. 
(ie nearly 50% of the fish taken from reefs are for the aquarium trade) 

The point here is that whether you destroy a reef quickly by dumping  
cyanide over it, or destroy it slowly be removing the fish so that they  
can adorn your living room, the effect is the same...a dead reef. 

Cheers, Paul. 

       ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 
	Paul Blanchon | Research Associate 
	Department of Geological Sciences 
	Indiana University, Bloomington, 
	IN 47405-1403 | Tel:(812) 855-9729 Fax:0646 
	http://www.indiana.edu/~reefpage/ 
       ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 


From coral at aoml.noaa.gov  Thu Dec  5 15:18:25 1996
From: coral at aoml.noaa.gov (Coral Health and Monitoring Program)
Date: Thu, 5 Dec 1996 15:18:25 -0500 (EST) 
Subject: Cyanide And Dynamite Fishing (fwd) 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.961205151819.6673A-100000@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> 

---------- Forwarded message ---------- 
Date: 04 Dec 96 23:20:48 EST 
From: "John R. CLARK" <103325.3644 at compuserve.com> 
To: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral at aoml.noaa.gov> 
Subject: Re: Cyanide And Dynamite Fishing 

Michael AW, 

I admired your comments and thought you 
might be interested in my recent book. 

Regards, 

John Clark 


Publication Announcement 

COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT HANDBOOK by John R.Clark 
1996. Lewis/CRC Publishers, Boca Raton, Florida.  694 p 

Price: $89.95 in US, $108.00 outside US 

Order from Lewis/CRC Publishers 
2000 Corporate Blvd. N.W. 
Boca Raton, Florida 33431-9868 

Telephone: 800-272-7737 (US) 407-994-0555  (outside US) 
Fax:          800-374-3401 
E-mail: Internet:orders at crcpress.com 
Worldwide Web:http://www.crcpress.com 

CONTENTS: This is the first comprehensive practioners guide for coastal zone 
management. It 
embraces the various aspects of coastal resources planning and management 
technology in 
four major sections: 

1. Management Strategies: (62 p) Describes the integrated coastal zone 
management (ICZM) 
approach and provides a complete format for planning and management from 
strategy planning 
to preparation of the Master Plan. Includes policy, legal, administrative, 
scientific, and 
participatory aspects of ICZM program development. 

2. Management Methods: (159 p) Describes 46 methodologies for conserving coastal 
natural 
resources, preserving biodiversity, and protecting communities from natural 
disasters like 
cyclones. Describes administrative techniques, planning methods, management 
approaches, 
environmental measurements, coastal boundaries, land-water interactions, 
community 
participation,  and use zoning. 

3. Management Information: (256 p) Presents a compilation of basic information 
about coastal 
resources planning and management. The 110 individual discussions include such 
subjects as 
resource types and sensitivities, sources of impact, conservation concepts, 
environmental 
indicators, databases, sustainable use of resources, traditional uses and 
controls, and 
restoration of ecosystems. 

4. Case Histories: (152 p) Examines 47 different cases of coastal zone planning 
and 
management attempts around the world. The purpose of the mini-cases is to 
compare a variety 
of ICZM management trials and to suggest reasons for the successes and failures 
and to 
propose approaches that offer a higher level of success. Each one discusses the 
background of 
the mini-case and identifies problems, solutions, and lessons learned 


From BISC_Science at nps.gov  Thu Dec  5 19:02:46 1996
From: BISC_Science at nps.gov (BISC Science)
Date: Thu, 5 Dec 1996 19:02:46 -0500 
Subject: Marine Protected Areas 
Message-ID: <2a75bd80@nps.gov> 

     Coral Reef Managers and Scientists; 

     In an effort to develop, and host. an international conference of  
     Marine Protected Area Managers, Biscayne National Park is trying  
     to identify all of the marine parks, preserves and protected  
     areas located in, or in close proximity to, the Caribbean Sea,  
     Gulf of Mexico and the Bahama Plateau. What we need are the  
     names, addresses (including email if possible) and phone numbers  
     of the managers or the person directly in charge of these areas.   
     If you know of a marine park in any of these areas please let me  
     know at the address (or email) below.   

     Richard W. Curry                              Science Coordinator 
     Biscayne National Park                        Phone     (305)230-1144 
     P.O. Box 1369, Homestead, Fl 33090-1369       FAX       (305)230-1190 
     email:  BISC_Science at nps.gov <- Preferred 
             rcurry at umiami.ir.miami.edu 



From shashar at umbc2.umbc.edu  Fri Dec  6 07:49:12 1996
From: shashar at umbc2.umbc.edu (shashar at umbc2.umbc.edu)
Date: Fri, 06 Dec 1996 07:49:12 -0500 (EST) 
Subject: Universities along the Red Sea 
In-Reply-To: <Pine.SGI.3.92.961028085937.27158E-100000@coral> 
Message-ID: <Pine.PMDF.3.91.961206074557.136286A-100000@UMBC2.UMBC.EDU> 

Hi There 
I'm looking for mailing adresses (s-mail) of universities in 
Sudan, 
Yamen (north and south),  
Arithrea 
Ethiopia 

that offer some type of marine biological/ecological eduaction. 

Any takers? 

Thanks 

Nadav Shashar 


From aa608 at freenet.toronto.on.ca  Fri Dec  6 08:33:39 1996
From: aa608 at freenet.toronto.on.ca (Amanuel Melles)
Date: Fri, 6 Dec 1996 08:33:39 -0500 (EST) 
Subject: Universities along the Red Sea 
In-Reply-To: <Pine.PMDF.3.91.961206074557.136286A-100000@UMBC2.UMBC.EDU> 
Message-ID: <Pine.3.89.9612060815.A17050-0100000@sheppard> 

Nadav, 

Ethiopia, with the independence of Eritrea (and not "Arithrea"), has  
become landlocked and the only University which offers a B.Sc. in Marine  
Biology & Fisheries is the University of Asmara, Asmara, Eritrea. 

The University of Alexandria (Oceanography) in Egypt, the University of  
Khartoum (Port Sudan, Marine Science) and King Abdulaziz University in  
Saudi Arabia (Jeddah, Marine Sciences) also run academic programs. 
I've no info whatsoever about Yemen. 

Hope this helps. 

Amanuel Melles  
Toronto 


From osha at pobox.com  Fri Dec  6 10:34:36 1996
From: osha at pobox.com (Osha Gray Davidson)
Date: Fri, 06 Dec 1996 09:34:36 -0600 
Subject: locating people 
Message-ID: <2.2.32.19961206153436.00687b34@blue.weeg.uiowa.edu> 

I'm trying to get in contact with the people below. Does anyone have their 
current e-mail addresses? 
1) Colin Limpus (biologist with Queensland Dept. of Environment and 
Heritage,         AU) 
2) Peter Bell (University of Queensland 
3) Judith Wright, Australian poet, environmental activist and author of "The 
Coral Battleground" 
4) Miguel Fortes, Marine Science Institute, the Philippines 
Thanks, 
Osha Gray Davidson 
14 S. Governor St. 
Iowa City, IA 52240 
USA 
+++++++++++ 
PH: (319) 338-4778 
FAX: (319) 338-8606 
e-mail: osha at pobox.com 
Center for International and Comparative Studies, University of Iowa 


From sferpm at coral.aoml.noaa.gov  Fri Dec  6 18:42:24 1996
From: sferpm at coral.aoml.noaa.gov (South Florida Ecosystem Restoration Prediction and Modeling)
Date: Fri, 6 Dec 1996 18:42:24 -0500 (EST) 
Subject: Request for Proposals: SFERPM 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.961206183530.9384A-100000@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> 


SOUTH FLORIDA ECOSYSTEM RESTORATION PREDICTION AND MODELING 
ANNOUNCEMENT OF AVAILABILITY OF FUNDS 

1.  Introduction 

The NOAA South Florida Ecosystem Restoration Prediction and 
Modeling (SFERPM) program under the sponsorship of the NOAA 
Coastal Ocean Program announces an opportunity for Environmental 
Research and Modeling studies of the Florida Bay and surrounding 
environments. 

Since 1994, the NOAA role within the Interagency Program has 
been a focus upon the  larger oceanographic, atmospheric, 
geological and fisheries context within which Bay restoration 
will proceed. This implied studying the Bay's interaction and 
exchange with the adjacent Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico coastal 
marine ecosystems (specifically including fisheries species) and 
its regulation by large scale atmospheric and meteorological 
processes that so intimately link the coastal marine to the 
coastal terrestrial systems in South Florida. 

The NOAA South Florida Ecosystem Restoration Prediction and 
Modeling program will conduct empirical studies, develop and run 
models, assess risks and evaluate the ecological response of the 
South Florida coastal marine ecosystem.  Evaluation of the 
ecological response will provide federal, state and regional 
restoration managers and policy-makers the most accurate and 
relevant technical information available. 

	Approximately $2M dollars has been made available to fund 
Environmental Research and Modeling activities to be initiated in 
March 1997.  The FY1997 Implementation Plan for the overall 
SFERPM program can be obtained from the World-Wide Web at the 
following address: http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/ocd/sferpm.html 


II. Guidance 

	On the advice of its Oversight Panel the Interagency Florida 
Bay Science Program has recently developed a Strategic Science 
Plan. This will be in final form and available to the public from 
the Interagency Florida Bay Program Management Committee ca. mid- 
January 1996.  Proposals must address one or more of the central 
questions articulated in the Strategic Plan of the Interagency 
Florida Bay Science Program.  These include: 

  How and at what rates do storms, changing freshwater flows, sea 
level rise and local evaporation/precipitation patterns 
influence circulation and salinity patterns within Florida Bay 
and the outflow from the Bay to adjacent waters? 
  What is the relative importance of the import of exogenous 
nutrients and internal nutrient cycling in determining the 
nutrient budget of Florida Bay?  What mechanisms control the 
sources and sinks of the Bay's nutrients? 
  What regulates the onset, persistence and fate of planktonic 
algal blooms in Florida Bay? 
  What are the causes and mechanisms for the observed changes in 
seagrasses and the hardbottom community of Florida Bay?  What 
is the effect of changing salinity, light and nutrient regimes 
on these communities? 
  What is the relationship between environmental change, habitat 
change and the recruitment, growth and survival of animals in 
Florida Bay? 


III.  Areas of Interest 

	All proposals should demonstrably contribute to answering 
the above scientific questions.  Planning letters are encouraged 
on topics consistent with the expected NOAA contribution to 
addressing those questions. 

	The NOAA Florida Bay Program FY96 Implementation Plan 
relying principally upon the Standing Panel review of the October 
1995 Annual Principal Investigators meeting, began the process of 
changing direction and refocusing its program about a central 
theme. As expressed therein: 

    How and why has the Florida Bay ecosystem (and its 
    function as a nursery for commercially and 
    recreationally significant species) changed as a 
    result of seagrass die off and the consequent 
    shift from a purely seagrass dominated benthic 
    system to a semi-pelagic system experiencing dense 
    episodic plankton blooms?   This general question 
    specifically includes the question:  what is the 
    cause, consequence and fate of  plankton blooms?. 
    In fact, an area that has received comparatively 
    little attention in the overall Interagency effort 
    is the "effect of changing species composition, 
    both plants and animals, on ecosystem processes 
    and trophic pathways". Bloom mechanisms are but 
    one aspect of a more general and fundamental 
    phenomenon, ecosystem shift.   From a NOAA 
    perspective the fundamental ecosystem shift, its 
    causes and consequences,  is a critical issue 
    since it is directly relevant to the two most 
    significant regional management concerns of NOAA - 
    i.e.,  the commercially and recreationally 
    significant living resources for whom the Bay 
    represents a nursery ground  and the adjacent 
    Florida Keys  National Marine Sanctuary and its 
    fragile coral reef systems.   The former since 
    those resources depend upon the underlying 
    ecosystem and the primary productivity that 
    supports it and the latter in light of  reports 
    that the reef ecosystem is being deleteriously 
    affected by the quality of the Florida Bay waters 
    that exit through the passes between the Keys and 
    contact the reefs. 


	Over the last few months the Interagency Florida Bay PMC has 
convened three workshops directly germane to the Research and 
Modeling Program. The expert outside panel reports submitted to 
the PMC after these workshops supplemented by the specific input 
we have received from our agency partners on the Interagency 
Florida Bay Program Management Committee in the course of 
drafting the Strategic Science Plan have been the major 
significant determinants of the substantive content of this 
announcement. 


	Modeling efforts will continue to be a major emphasis. These 
have included a Regional Circulation Model which provides tides 
and advective inputs to the Bay Circulation Model being developed 
by the Army Corps of Engineers (ACoE) while our Atmospheric Model 
is intended to provide the Everglades Hydrology Model with 
rainfall and the Bay Circulation Model with both rainfall and 
wind fields. Proposals are solicited to continue to fulfill these 
modeling obligations. 

	Proposals are solicited to determine how and to what degree 
the ecological and physical changes associated with Ecosystem 
Restoration will affect micro-climates within the South Florida 
peninsula. 

 	We intend to initiate a pelagic habit/lower trophic level 
(plankton) ecosystem modeling effort that will integrate the 
research results of SFERPM biological and physical process 
projects.  It would  rely upon the ACoE Florida Bay Circulation 
and  Water Quality models and couple to the  ecological modeling 
planned by the National Biological Service (NBS/DOI), SFWMD and 
the NMFS Living Marine Resources program.  An explicit emphasis 
of the pelagic plankton model should be implications for the 
health and sustainability of the adjacent coral reef tracts of 
the FKNMS. 

	Physical oceanographic field proposals are solicited with 
particular emphasis upon the linkage between the west Florida 
Shelf and the western Bay,  the region immediately offshore of 
the Keys and the southwesterly flow connecting the Bay to the 
FKNMS reef tract.  As recommended by the Circulation Model Panel 
in regard to Bay modeling, "boundary conditions are inadequately 
addressed at this time... [they recommended] that the western 
boundary be extended over the shelf and northward of the Shark 
River inflow point and, offshore of the Keys". Physical studies 
will have to be closely integrated with the ACoE modeling effort 
which has been extended both to the west and the south and now 
includes the FKNMS. NOAA has agreed to take a lead role in 
providing the requisite physical data for parameterizing and 
validating the Bay Circulation Model. 

	Proposals are solicited on cycling and transformation of 
nutrients, and upon mechanisms and fluxes rather than upon 
monitoring of nutrient distributions.  These should address 
previously unmeasured parameters and processes such as the 
availability of Bay sediment nutrient loads to phytoplankton, 
the exchange and transformation between available and unavailable 
chemical species and physical states,  limitation by micro- 
nutrients, and the relative roles of bacteria and phytoplankton 
(delineating the significance of the so-called microbial loop). 
One of the major nutrient input fluxes (atmospheric deposition) 
will be a high priority.  Multidisciplinary process and modeling 
studies to simultaneously assess production and loss terms over 
appropriate time and space scales throughout the Bay will also be 
a high priority.  Moreover, as noted by the Nutrient Dynamics 
Panel "an important determinant of the supply of nutrients to the 
Bay is water flow and circulation, the most poorly quantified 
element of which is the exchange between western and central 
Florida Bay".   Interdisciplinary field studies addresses these 
issues are solicited. 

	Limited paleoecological studies are solicited.  Accurate 
knowledge of the historical sequence of environmental change is 
essential to make predictions (and help understand) the sequence 
of change observed as Bay restoration proceeds and water flow 
(and related parameters) are altered.   From the interagency 
perspective paleoecology is essential to defining the restoration 
objectives for  Florida Bay. 

	Multidisciplinary proposals explicitly linking the Bay and 
the reef tract are solicited. The former should specifically 
include monitoring outflow from and exchange between the Bay and 
the FKNMS reef tract.   Coral Reef Initiative-related activities 
would specifically include additional fixed moorings in and near 
inlets and enhancing instrumentation on present and planned fixed 
stations in and near inlets as well as provision of a central 
real time WWW site that will assimilate and distribute the data 
from these fixed sites to the scientific user community. 

	Experimental studies relating to ecosystem shifts are 
solicited as are collection of biological and physical field data 
coupled to physiological experiments upon planktonic organisms. 
Studies quantitatively defining trophic trophic linkages 
connecting Bay communities are also solicited as are 
physical/biological studies of the processes relating to algal 
bloom formation and maintenance. 

	The establishment and maintenance of explicit collaborations 
between field scientists, experimentalists and ecosystem modelers 
will be strongly encouraged by the SFERPM program. The 
collaborative web must include all the mutually dependent 
projects in the interagency Florida Bay program and is 
facilitated by the formal structure of that program and  mutual 
reliance upon a common Strategic Science Plan in establishing 
individual agency priorities. 

IV.  Planning Letter and Proposal Submission Process 

A. The SFERPM program is a cooperative effort meant to encompass 
both NOAA line organizations, its' agency partners and the 
academic community.  Cooperative proposals between NOAA 
scientists and academic, state or other federal scientists are 
strongly encouraged but not specifically required.  In some 
cases, the submission of an individual investigator or single 
institution proposal may be more appropriate.  The decision is 
left to the investigators.  Proposals from traditionally under- 
represented groups and institutions (e.g. - women or minority 
principals or institutions) are encouraged. 

All investigators must follow the procedures described below: 

Applicants should submit a short (no more than 3 page) planning 
letter to the Program Office of the  SFERPM program at 
NOAA/AOML/OCD in Miami. 

Electronic submissions will facilitate review.  If this mechanism 
is chosen please supply text as plain vanilla ASCII (not word 
processor specific) and associated figures as either *.GIF or 
Postscript files.   See VII below for email address. 

Hardcopy submissions should be single spaced, typewritten on 8 2 
x 11 inch paper.  All planning letters are to include rationale, 
brief research plans including methods and a preliminary budget. 
A one page curriculum vitae of each of the Principal 
Investigators must be attached. These planning letters will be 
reviewed with the assistance of the SFERPM Technical Advisory 
Panel. 

B.  Only when evaluation of planning letters has been completed 
and decisions as to program priorities have been made, will the 
PMC send requests for more detailed (8-10 pages of text) 
proposals to principal investigators. All requests for 
preparation of proposals will include specific technical and 
budgetary guidance.   Suggestions will also be made concerning 
collaboration with other investigators (and agencies) where 
appropriate.   Proposal submissions should then be directed to 
research plans and technical approaches rather than justifying 
the significance of the proposed research. 

	Both external peer review and the SFERPM Technical Advisory 
Panel will be used to assist the PMC in determining whether the 
proposals received have been responsive to the requests.  Funding 
decisions will be reported to the Interagency Florida Bay Program 
Management Committee for their review prior to final funding 
decisions. 

Each full proposal should include the following: 

1.  Cover page 
	As required by the sponsoring organization. 

2.  Brief Introduction 
	Describe how the proposal relates to this announcement and 
the implementation plan. 

3.  Brief Background/Justification 

4.  Research Work plan [the bulk of the proposal] 

  a.  Objectives to be achieved or hypotheses to be tested. 
  b.  Detailed sequence of tasks and activities including 
      individual responsibilities in multiple investigators 
      proposals. 
  c.  Methods 

5.  Coordination, collaborations with other projects and 
principal investigators. 

Describe the relationship and interdependence of the 
projects. 

6. Special Budget Items 

Describe and justify any special budget items such as: 

  o  Permanent equipment over $1,000, travel, subcontracts, etc. 
  o  Subcontracts should have a separate budget page. 

7.  Budget 

	Each Principal Investigator should have a budget page as 
	well as a cumulative budget for the entire proposal.  Annual 
	work plans and budgets should be prepared for the duration 
	of the proposed study.  A Sea Grant 90-4 form is required 
	for investigators from academic institutions. 

C.  How to Submit 

Principal Investigators in multi-investigator proposals 
	should submit an original and two copies of the entire 
	proposal with appropriate budget sheets to their sponsoring 
	organization (SO) and simultaneously to the SFERPM  (PMC). 
	For NOAA scientists, the SO is their NOAA line organization. 
 	For academic scientists the SO is either the Sea Grant 
	Program in your state or the NOAA/academic cooperative 
	institute if one has been established at your institution. 


V.  Obligations of Principal Investigators 

Investigators participating in the program must agree to 
undertake the following: 

	1.  Participate in meetings for planning and coordination 
	of program activities. This includes participation in the 
	Annual Interagency Florida Bay Science Program Conference 
	and technical workshops sponsored by the Interagency PMC. 

	2.  Promptly quality control data and make it available 
	through the SFERPM program data manager to other Florida Bay 
	investigators supported by NOAA and its agency partners. 

	3.  Deposit processed field data, if appropriate, in NODC 
	within two years of acquisition. 

	4.  Participate in the synthesis and interpretation of 
	research results and the development of products of value to 
	restoration and resource managers. 

	5.  Publish research results in the peer-reviewed literature 
	for the benefit of the scientific community. 

VI.  Schedule (absolutely no extensions can be granted): 

	1.  December 24, 1996 -   Closing date for Planning letters 
	in the SFERPM Program Office 

	2.   January 15, 1997 - Planning Letter Review Complete 

	3.   January  22, 1997 - Request for proposals with specific 
	directions based on Planning Letter review 

	4.  February  14, 1997 - Closing date for Requested 
	proposals submitted to PMC and local Sea Grant Offices 

	5.   March 7, 1997 - Notification of awards 

VII.  Letter Submissions to: 

The South Florida Ecosystem Restoration Prediction 
and Modeling Program Office 

c/o Dr. Peter B. Ortner 
AOML/OCD 
4301 Rickenbacker Cy. 
Miami, FL 33149 

Voice: 		(305) 361-4380 (AOML/OCD secretary) 
FAX:      	(305) 361-4392 (AOML/OCD) 
email:   	"ortner at aoml.noaa.gov" 


From soakley at tualang.unimas.my  Mon Dec  9 06:17:44 1996
From: soakley at tualang.unimas.my (Dr Steve Oakley)
Date: Mon, 9 Dec 1996 19:17:44 +0800 
Subject: CYANIDE, DYNAMITE & LIVE FISH in SE ASIA 
Message-ID: <199612091040.FAA05405@reef.aoml.noaa.gov> 

        I have just caught up with the thread on Cyanide and Dynamite and 
the live fish trade.  I have just returned from a South East Asia regional 
workshop on just that.  Some of the observations and information are 
relevant to anyone who cares about the state of our coral reefs.  Please let 
me share my thoughts and observations and since this is wide ranging please 
reply to the whole list (coral-list or Fish ecology) unless your comment is 
directed only to me personally. 

The workshop on aquaculture of coral fishes and sustainable reef fisheries 
was held in Kota Kinabalu and ended on Saturday 7th Dec.  Representatives 
were there from fisheries, aquaculture, conservation and the live fish 
trade.  The organisers and sponsors did a great job and for that I thank them. 

Some of the important points that came out of talks, discussion and workshop 
sessions were as follows,   these are my impression only and I do not want 
to represent anyone else.  I hope that there is someone out there who thinks 
this is wrong,  more positive news would be nice. 



1 Overfishing is the problem 
There is severe overfishing for groupers and humphead wrasse from the 
maldives to west pacific islands, from hongkong down to the Australian 
border.  There are few reefs in the Philipines and Indonesia that have 
viable populations of Humphead wrasse (Mauri Wrasse, Napoleon wrasse), 
while  grouper can only be caught in very deep water. In many areas both are 
locally extinct, on the accessible reefs from local overfishing and on 
remote reefs from the livefish trade.  Spawning populations of groupers and 
wrasse are at great risk, they can be wiped out very quickly.  They are 
being wiped out in Micronesia and even in Australia they are under threat. 

The reefs are under heavy pressure from hook and line and catches have 
declined. If the conventional fishing is difficult,  for instant 
gratification many fishers use Dynamite (actually fertiliser with an 
explosive cap plus a fuse).  They generally know how destructive this is but 
it also gives them good catches... for a while!    

The live fish trade for food fish uses cyanide as a stunning agent and the 
fishers use it only when there is a mechanism to get the fish to market. 
There is also some use of cyanide for food fish to supply the local market. 
However the fishers know how poisonous this is so for food they generally 
stick to the less destructive dynamite.  Cyanide for live fish is usually 
used in squeezy bottle quantities but it definitely kills the surrounding 
corals, there are many reefs which have not been dyanamited so are 
structurally intact but are completely dead. 
Cyanide is also occasionally used for food fish (not Live) in 45gallon oil 
drum quantities, and spread across the whole reef. 

There is a social aspect to cyanide use as well as the fisheries aspect, 
there are many decompression accidents and crippled divers, 60m plus on air 
by poor young untrained philipinos often using compressors lubricated with 
engine oil not silicone.  Silicone oil is expensive!!  Plus the risk of 
cyanide poisoning from the daily handling!! 


2  Aquaculture is a solution but not yet 
some species of grouper can be cultured in good numbers but not the most 
popular, estimates range from 3-10 years to close the cycle.  There has been 
lots of work but survival rates below 8% and disease and other problems occur. 
Wild fry are caught in large numbers to supply fish farms and this is a 
problem but without the aquaculture there will be even greater pressure on 
the wild. And at least aquaculture doesn't use cyanide! 
There is hope  in the form of new capture techniques to  catch the fry at 
younger ages at which point their natural mortaility is so high that removal 
from the population to aquaculture would be much less significant. 

The humphead wrasse Cheilinus undulatus is the most prefered species 
There is serious ovefishing, it is most popular fish for live fish trade in 
Singapore & Hongkong,  lips sell for $60 per plate, fish sells for $60-90 
per kg  tastes superb so I've been told 
The species is now apparently included in the iucn red data book as 
vulnerable and apparently is being considered for cites,  (can anyone 
confirm these). 
They spawn in aggregations at fixed locations so are very vulnerable then. 
They are big fish, with a sex change from female to male,  sexually mature 
to female at 11kg doesn't get to male before 20kg (approx =75cm). 
None in the phillipines are sexually mature very few reefs in indonesia have 
mature females & few males,  overfished in micronesia, maldives, thailand 
and sri Lanka. 

Regulations exist in most places but enforcement is very difficult. Malaysia 
has banned both cyanide and dynamite but cannot enforce it unless the police 
find the caps in the boat.  Indonesia has banned the capture and export of 
Chelinius but cannot enforce it.  Philippines has set up cyanide detection 
labs and that seems to be working to some extent.   They are a solution for 
any airflown or port exported fish,  There apparently is some good progress 
towards a better test for cyanide. 

Aquaculture of Chelinius is not yet possible, the first report of spawning 
in captivity was this year at the fisheries dept in Indonesia. They had a 
0.01% survival by day 15, the eggs and larvae are very small and therefore 
difficult to rear in hatchery conditions.  There is a strong incentive for 
the hatchery which develops the techniques so there is a lot of interest. 

Aquaculture for less valuable species was well established and hopefully can 
be introduced at the community level as a source of food and a cash crop to 
take some of the pressure from the coral reef ecosystems. 



3  Banning the trade is not the solution 
        The more expensive the fish the greater the showoff value and thus 
banned fish would just make more money for the middle man because they would 
just be smuggled.  It is not possible to control the export and regulating 
of the import is impossible in HongKong until there is a test for cyanide 
caught fish.  Once there is such a test,  some of the the fish will be 
smuggled and the HK fisheries dept will loose it's information on the scale 
of the problem.   40% of the fish only pass through Hong Kong on the way to 
Mainland China, and we cannot realistically expect the rich cantonese to 
stop eating their favorite foods. 

        I don't think I heard any comment that we should ban the live fish 
trade, the fishers need it to make a living.   And if their reefs are given 
a chance to recover then they can catch the prefered fish on hand lines at 
which point the fishery becomes sustainable.  The fishers need to catch less 
because they get paid more.  The Australian GBR example is evidence for 
sustainability. The trade is very valuable but is strictly controlled and 
all capture is done on hook and line. 

4 Aquarium fish 
Banning Aquarium fish is not the solution, becaude it is not the problem. 
On a devastated, dynamited cyanide killed reef aquarium fish can still be 
caught, admittedly only the plankton or algal feeders. The fishermen need to 
eat and if they cannot sell the butterfly's & angels then they will cook 
them!  Further, most aquarium fish are caught without cyanide.  Cyanide 
caught fish die 4-6 weeks after capture and the aquarium industry and many 
concerned aid agencies have worked hard to educate collectors.   Some 
villages which catch aquarium fish are active conservationists, It's their 
livelyhood.   This trade can be made sustainable it only requires education 
so don't anyone suggest that it is wrong until they can suggest an 
alternative form of income. 

5 Marine reserves  
Marine reserves are part of the solution, they can provide larvae and adults 
to heavil;y fished areas and there need to be many more than there are. 
Big & small are both needed but unfortunately policing and enforcement are 
not easy and the only method that really seeems to work is when the villages 
that use the resource are also the reserve protectors.  They need the 
ownership of the fishing rights and with it the responsibility of 
conservation,  the tragedy of the commons has demonstrated that only too well. 


6 Outside Help 
 Outsiders supporting reefs, education, enforcement are all part of the 
solution but the biggest problem is poverty combined with no ownership of 
the resource.  How does a remote village stop a life fish transport vessel 
from using cyanide on it's reefs.  Especially when the LFT pays more than 
the villagers have seen.  That's more pairs of shoes, more T shirts, a 
second hand engine. These are hard to resist and once some of the village 
have accepted then it doesn't matter what the rest do, the LFT will catch 
all the fish it wants and then move on leaving behind a dying reef.   

  ------------------------------------ 
So what is the solution:  
S1      Yes to more international awareness, more eduction and more support 
from those who have to those who don't.   
S2      We also need to find alternative income for these marginalised 
fishers so that their reefs can recover, here I think we need to promote 
aquaculture at the community level. 
S3      The other pressing need is for governments to release enforcement of 
fishing laws to the resource users. 
S4      And we need to urgently protect and preserve as much of the regions 
reefs as possible especially where the regulations can be enforced. 
S5      and of course we need research because what is known is only the tip 
of the iceberg.  

----------------------------------------------------------- 

As I said the observations are mine,  the organisers hope to have the 
proceedings out early next year. 


More details on the live fish trade is available from Carol Fox, Nature 
Conservancy, 1116 Smith St Honolulu, HI 96817 


Contact Rooney Buising for details of the proceedings at  
biusing at ppps.po.my 
Rooney Biusing  Fisheries Research Center, 89400 Likas, Kota Kinabalu, 
Sabah, MALAYSIA. 
Tel : 088-717077 (h),425677 (o) 425890 (fax 

regards 

Dr. Steve Oakley,  Shell Prof. of environmental Science, Institute of 
Biodiversity & Environmental Conservation,  Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 
94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia  soakley at tualang.unimas.my  Fax  082 
671903  Tel 082 671000 x 254 or 260  


From coral at aoml.noaa.gov  Mon Dec  9 14:56:59 1996
From: coral at aoml.noaa.gov (Coral Health and Monitoring Program)
Date: Mon, 9 Dec 1996 14:56:59 -0500 (EST) 
Subject: Hofstra job posting 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.961209145609.2151B-100000@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> 

---------- Forwarded message ---------- 
Date: Mon, 9 Dec 1996 10:15:00 -0500 
From: Clay Cook <ccook at HBOI.edu> 
Subject: Hofstra job posting 


The Hofstra University Marine Laboratory (HUML), in St. Ann's Bay, 
Jamaica, West Indies, is searching for a pair of qualified persons to run 
the laboratory from 1 October 1997 to 31 August 1998 (11 months). 

The successful candidates will be responsible for assisting as many as 35 
visiting professors with their courses by giving guest lectures to their 
classes and accompanying them on field trips.  They will also have full 
responsibility for teaching 12-day classes of mature persons 
(Elderhostels).  They will maintain our seawater system and will 
participate in our ongoing research program.  They will have full 
administrative responsibilities, and will be the only Hofstra staff on 
site. 

HUML will be entering its 18th year and has grown into a major field 
station.  It consists of a two-story, three-classroom laboratory building, 
a wet laboratory building with a circulating seawater system, a 
library/equipment building, and a 30-room hotel.  The facility is served 
by a fleet of three boats, several buses, and a SCUBA shop. 

The lab is surrounded by an extraordinary array of habitats, from the 
three-kilometer long coral reef just offshore to miles of pristine rocky 
shores with extraordinary zonation, to a nearby mangrove swamp.  A tiny 
island lies just offshore.  A short boat ride brings classes to a cave 
containing bats, which can be entered only by snorkeling, a sunken 
shipwreck, walls of live coral, beautiful, palm-fringed coves, and other 
spectacular sites. 

This is primarily a teaching facility and the successful candidates should 
have teaching skills and a personality appropriate to the jobs.  The 
salary for the 11-month positions is $6,000 each + all benefits including 
an apartment, board, medical insurance, a 12-day training course (in 
Jamaica), and airfare.  In other words, all expenses are paid and the 
total salary may be saved.  The positions are usually filled by couples 
without children. 

For further information send a letter indicating why you believe that you 
are of the "star" calibre capable of assuming this major responsibility 
to: 

Dr. Eugene Kaplan Director, HUML Biology Department 114 Hofstra University 
Hempstead, NY 11550-1090 USA e-mail:  bioehk at hofstra.edu 

 ---------------------------------------- 


John F. Morrissey 
Assistant Professor 
Department of Biology 
114 Hofstra University 
Hempstead, NY 11550-1090 
516-463-5517; FAX 516-565-0098 
E-mail: biojfm at hofstra.edu 


From coral at aoml.noaa.gov  Mon Dec  9 14:57:52 1996
From: coral at aoml.noaa.gov (Coral Health and Monitoring Program)
Date: Mon, 9 Dec 1996 14:57:52 -0500 (EST) 
Subject: reefs and gis (fwd) 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.961209145729.2151C-100000@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> 


---------- Forwarded message ---------- 
Date: Mon, 09 Dec 1996 14:39:40 -0800 
From: brooke peelle <bsp6 at cornell.edu> 
Subject: reefs and gis 

To whom it may concern: 
I am working on a project that entails digitizing and analizing coral 
reefs on Geographic Information System hardware.  I collected species 
composition data on reefs off of South Caicos, British West Indies, and 
I am using this data to create the maps.  If anyone knows of other coral 
reef work being done with GIS please email me at bsp6 at cornell.edu.  I 
would like some outside references for my project and I would also like 
to know if there are any job opportunities for this type of research, 
since I'm going to be graduating in the spring. 
Please forward this message top anyone who might have some relevant 
information concerning coral reef monitoring. Thank you. 
Sincerely, Brooke Peelle 


From soakley at tualang.unimas.my  Tue Dec 10 20:55:42 1996
From: soakley at tualang.unimas.my (Dr Steve Oakley)
Date: Wed, 11 Dec 1996 09:55:42 +0800 
Subject: CYANIDE, DYNAMITE & LIVE FISH in SE ASIA 
Message-ID: <199612110118.UAA07211@reef.aoml.noaa.gov> 

you may be interested in the comment i got personally from gregor in Hong Kong! 
my replies are in CAPITALS 
regards 
                steve oakley 

>From: gregorh at HK.Super.NET 
> 
>>I agree with S1-2, especially 2. But in some cases a combination of command  
>>and control enforcement and local enforcement might work best. For example,  
>>Sumilon is often used as a model park, but in fact, when it was turned 
over to  
>>the local people for a period, they plundered it. The best conservation  
>>occured when there was an armed guard from Siliman University stationed on 
the  
>>island. Sometimes the local pressure for short term gains, particularly when  
>>the benefits accrue to a few powerful people, outweighs any reasoned approach. 

>>I think S 4 and 5 are really important too. We need to start building some  
>>serious protection ala African game parks. This funding must come from the  
>>west.  
> 
> AGAIN AGREED, MY PAPER AT THE WORKSHOP SAID JUST THAT. 
> 
>The point on research I think should be to encourage more applied  
>>research. The question for example of what effects cyanide fishing has on  
>>coral reefs in actual usage has not been satisfactorily addressed. We keep  
>>hearing about destroyed reefs by cyanide. In my experience, this is not  
>>common. How can we encourage these dusty academics to get out and do 
something  
>>useful before Rome burns to the ground? 
> 
>I DON'T KNOW ABOUT DUSTY BUT I HAVE 3 ONE MONTH EXPEDITIONS AND 4 ONE WEEK 
TRIPS BETWEEN JAN & SEPT TO TRY AND DOCUMENT THE DAMAGE TO THE REEFS OF 
SABAH,  I ALSO HAVE A TV CREW ALONG FOR EACH OF THE 3 ONE MONTH TRIPS,  ANY 
CHANCE YOU OR YOUR STUDENTS WOULD BE INTERESTED 
>SEE OUR WEB PAGE 
> 
>http://www.unimas.my/~nick/marres.htm 
> 
> 
> 
>REGARDS 
> 
> 
>STEVE 
> 
> 
> 
Dr. Steve Oakley,  Shell Prof. of environmental Science, Institute of 
Biodiversity & Environmental Conservation,  Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 
94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia  soakley at tualang.unimas.my  Fax  082 
671903  Tel 082 671000 x 254 or 260  


From nolan at cyberlearn.com  Wed Dec 11 17:51:31 1996
From: nolan at cyberlearn.com (Ron S. Nolan)
Date: Wed, 11 Dec 1996 14:51:31 -0800 (PST) 
Subject: Coral Reef Ecology CD-ROM Special Offer 
Message-ID: <v01520d06aed473ba7eb9@[207.167.87.28]> 

In anticipation of the International Year of the Reef-1997 program (IYOR), 
for a limited time CORAL-LIST forum members may purchase our Coral Kingdom 
CD-ROM for $49.95 which is $30 off the standard price. This is a limited 
time special introductory offer made only to news lists that focus on 
corals and tropical marine ecology.  It is primarily intended for 
university-level educators, however the program is widely used in secondary 
schools as well.  Offer expires 12/31/96. 

CORAL KINGDOM FEATURES 
-------------------------------------- 

CD-ROM for Macintosh and Windows with 179 page educator guide. 

Thematic Approach to Biology and Ecology: Created by a marine ecologist, 
the software features a tremendous collection of original underwater 
photography to illustrate a thematic approach to the study of reef biology, 
marine ecology and biodiversity. 

The software is ideally suited for units on the coral reef or to 
demonstrate the concepts of form and function in adaptations, 
interrelationships between organisms and habitat, competition, predator 
avoidance, energy and materials cycles and human impacts in general biology 
or introductory environmental science, biodiversity or ecology courses. 

Missions:  Each of the four units incorporates a hands-on activity to be 
completed by students--either in small groups or individually.  Each 
mission consists of an exploratory microworld intended to stimulate the 
curiosity of students and to engage their interest in the  natural world. 
The methods used by the students at the computer are much like those 
actually employed by a field ecologist. 

Each of the four missions takes the user on a research SCUBA dive in which 
he or she controls the direction and pace of the investigation.  The 
procedures to be followed and mission objectives are described in detail 
within the unit sections of the teachers guide and can be  accessed by 
clicking the "?" button during a mission.  An on-line notebook is provided 
in which students store information acquired by clicking  objects on the 
screen during the underwater expedition.  The content of the notebook may 
be saved as a text file, then edited or printed using a word processor 
program. 

What the Reviewers Say 

"This is the best software I have seen that uses inquiry learning for 
principles of ecology combined with outstanding photography of coral reef 
inhabitants.  The student has to work to collect data and draw 
conclusions." George C. Boone, Ph.D, American Biology Teacher.  "Coral 
Kingdom is a serious academic program.  It asks students to do some real 
scientific thinking."  Technology and Learning.  "If...you are looking for 
thematic units in science, then you should examine Coral Kingdom."  The 
Computing Teacher.  "Stunning visuals, detailed narration and excellent 
supplemental reference materials guide exploration of a coral reef, its 
biology and its ecology.  MacUser "The Ultimate Guide to Children's 
Software" 4 mice. 

Extensive reviews and detailed descriptions are available at our Web Site. 
<http://www.cyberlearn.com> 

Offer Expires 12/31/96 

To take advantage of this special offer, we must receive a purchase order 
or check by December 31st in the amount of $54.95 ($49.95 + $5.00 
shipping).   California purchasers please include 8.25% state tax.  Write 
"CORAL-LIST Special" on P.O. 

Send P.O. to 

Digital Studios 
209 Santa Clara Avenue 
Aptos, CA 95003 

or FAX to 
(408) 688-5738 

Any questions call Dr. Ron S. Nolan at (800) 499-3322 or (408) 688-3158. 

Happy Holidays 

nolan 




From SeaPhD at aol.com  Wed Dec 11 23:17:01 1996
From: SeaPhD at aol.com (SeaPhD at aol.com)
Date: Wed, 11 Dec 1996 23:17:01 -0500 
Subject: flow velocity meter 
Message-ID: <961211231700_1187456696@emout01.mail.aol.com> 

I am in the early stages of assessing the feasibility of adapting a new 
portable acoustic doppler flow velocity meter to a version that can be used 
by divers.  I have been relating some of my reef research experiences to the 
factory engineers, but I would like to have feedback from other researchers 
who might have additional opinions.  In my opinion, there is a need for 
better portable instrumentation for flow measurements, and the manufacturer 
of this instrument seems to be interested in working with scientists. 

I suppose that the best thing to do would be to give some of the capabilities 
of the present instrument, which is presently used while wading.   

     The meter presently has...  
              a 7.6 m cable 
              a telescoping (0.5 m to 1.8 m) wading rod for the sensor 
              an ultrasonic doppler sensor (38 mm x 38 mm x 25 mm) 
              a receiving unit/digital display (11.4 cm x 17.8 cm x 15.2 cm) 
              a rechargeable battery for up to 12 hours of continuous use  
              a velocity range of 0.015 to + or - 3 m/s (bidirectional) 
              a velocity resolution of 0.003 m/s 
              minimum particulate level of 100 micron @ 100 ppm 
              overall weight (minus the carrying case) 1.4 kg 

I would appreciate any comments on the suitability of the size, weight, 
measurement capabilities, etc. to underwater use by a diver.  I would also be 
interested in what people consider to be a reasonable cost for such an 
instrument.  The wading model will sell for about $3500 (US), but the diving 
model could differ considerably, depending on demand and features.  Please 
feel free to e-mail comments to me directly, or, if you are aware of a 
similar instrument, I would like to know about it. 

                                                   Thanks, 

                                                   Randy, J. Runnels (e-mail: 
 SeaPhD at aol.com) 
                                                   Marine Education & 
Research Specialties, Inc. 
                                                   P.O. Box 10517 
                                                   Tampa, Florida  33679-0517 

                                                   Phone (813)254-5970 


From SeaPhD at aol.com  Wed Dec 11 23:22:29 1996
From: SeaPhD at aol.com (SeaPhD at aol.com)
Date: Wed, 11 Dec 1996 23:22:29 -0500 
Subject: correction on flow meter 
Message-ID: <961211232226_1254451400@emout14.mail.aol.com> 

My apologies for some incorrect information on that acoustic doppler flow 
meter.  The estimated cost of the wading version is around $2500, not $3500. 

                                                         Randy Runnels 


From bobjoh at netspace.net.au  Thu Dec 12 00:50:18 1996
From: bobjoh at netspace.net.au (Bob Johannes)
Date: Thu, 12 Dec 1996 16:50:18 +1100 (EST) 
Subject: cyanide and the live reef fish trade 
Message-ID: <v01520d09000037fe9719@[203.12.52.9]> 

Those following the current discussion among coral-list and Fisheries 
Social Science Network members concerning cyanide and the live reef fish 
trade may be interested in the following sources of information. 

1.A 33,000 word review, entitled ENVIRONMENTAL, ECONOMIC, AND SOCIAL 
IMPLICATIONS OF THE LIVE REEF FISH TRADE IN ASIA AND THE WESTERN PACIFIC by 
Robert E. Johannes and Michael Riepen is available via internet. 
Go to http://www.tnc.org/infield/State/Hawaii 
Double click on the "Asia/Pacific Programs" button. 
A synopsis of the report will appear along with the phrase:  "For more 
technical information about the live reef fish trade, see (the report 
title)."  Double click on the  title and the full report will come up.  The 
user can either print it or save it. 

2.The subject has received a crescendo of publicity during the past year (a 
4-page spread in TIME, several CNN interviews, major coverage in the New 
York Times and LA Times, 2 pages in New Scientist, two programs on Voice of 
America, many articles in dive magazines etc.etc.) As a result, efforts to 
combat the deplorable environmental and social effects of this 
billion-dollar-plus trade and put it on a sustainable basis are 
accelerating on various fronts. (There is no cause for complacency, 
however; the challenges are complex and prodigious). To help people keep up 
with developments, the South Pacific Commission and The Nature Conservancy 
now produce a twice-yearly Information Bulletin on Live Reef Fish 
(focussing on the environmental impacts of the capture, culture and trade 
of not only live reef food fish, but also marine aquarium fish).  Anyone 
wishing  receive this publication free should contact Jean Paul Gaudechoux 
<JPG at spc.org.nc>. Anyone interested in making written contributions to it 
should contact me. 

Bob Johannes 

R. E. Johannes Pty Ltd. 
8 Tyndall Court, Bonnet Hill, Tasmania 7053, Australia 
Phone 03  62298 064  -  Fax 03 62298 
066 
>From overseas,  Phone 61 3  62298 064  -  Fax 61 3 62298 066 



From coral at aoml.noaa.gov  Thu Dec 12 13:56:37 1996
From: coral at aoml.noaa.gov (Coral Health and Monitoring Program)
Date: Thu, 12 Dec 1996 13:56:37 -0500 (EST) 
Subject: Marine Protected Areas (fwd) 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.961212135430.9633D-100000@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> 


---------- Forwarded message ---------- 
Date: Thu, 12 Dec 96 12:04:21 GMT 
From: Mark.Spalding at wcmc.org.uk 
Subject: re: Marine Protected Areas 

Regarding the request for marine protected areas info in the Caribbean: 

You can get lists of marine protected areas by country for the entire 
region (or anywhere else in the world) from the WCMC Protected Areas 
Database.  These lists can be generated on the web at: 
http://www.com.org:80/marine/data/ 

If anyone notices mistakes or ommissions in these lists please forward 
corrections to me. 

Best wishes 

Mark D. Spalding                          E-mail: mark.spalding at wcmc.org.uk 
World Conservation Monitoring Centre 
219 Huntingdon Rd 
Cambridge, CB3 0DL                                     Fax: +44 1223 277136 
United Kingdom                                         Tel: +44 1223 277314 


From coral at aoml.noaa.gov  Fri Dec 13 11:00:46 1996
From: coral at aoml.noaa.gov (Coral Health and Monitoring Program)
Date: Fri, 13 Dec 1996 11:00:46 -0500 (EST) 
Subject: replying to messages 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.961213105621.11633D-100000@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> 


Greetings! 

	I would like to ask that all coral-listers please double-check on 
their "To: " line when they respond to messages posted on coral-list, 
before posting them.  Simply pressing "R" for "Reply", depending on your 
news-reader, may send the message to the majordomo trash-heap instead of 
to your intended recipient, whether it be a single person, or the 
coral-list itself. 

	Thank you very much for your cooperation. 

	Cheers, 

	JCH 



From coral at aoml.noaa.gov  Fri Dec 13 15:20:06 1996
From: coral at aoml.noaa.gov (Coral Health and Monitoring Program)
Date: Fri, 13 Dec 1996 15:20:06 -0500 (EST) 
Subject: LANDSAT Postdoc: coastal/aquatic remote sensing position (fwd) 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.961213151916.12448B-100000@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> 

---------- Forwarded message ---------- 
Date: Fri, 13 Dec 1996 15:03:43 -0500 (EST) 
From: Frank Muller-Karger (U. South FLorida / Marine Sci.) 
 <carib at marine.usf.edu> 
Subject: LANDSAT Postdoc: coastal/aquatic remote sensing position (fwd) 

________________________________________________________________________ 
                   PLEASE POST  AND/OR  PASS ON 
________________________________________________________________________ 


           Postdoctoral Position available to work on the 

                     NASA-LANDSAT Science Team: 

                        Coastal Applications 
                              Component 

                    University of South Florida 


NASA has provided support for a Postdoctoral Fellow to work with the 
LANDSAT Science Team component addressing remote sensing applications of 
the coastal zone. The position is available at the University of South 
Florida, and the Postdoctoral Fellow would work with Frank Muller-Karger 
and Kendall Carder of the Department of Marine Science (St. Petersburg, 
Florida). 

Interested applicants should have a strong background in radiative 
transfer theory, remote sensing applications, and in developing and 
carrying out validation campaigns. Applicants with a working and 
programming knowledge of Unix C, C++, and FORTRAN are encouraged to apply. 
Familiarity with IDL, ERDAS Imagine, and ARC-INFO is a definite plus. The 
incumbent will have the opportunity to work on atmospheric as well as 
aquatic issues relevant to processing of the LANDSAT data in coastal 
zones, will work using field as well as airborne and satellite 
hyperspectral data, and participate in defining the requirements for 
future LANDSAT systems. 

The Postdoctoral Fellow will participate in LANDSAT activities which are 
an integral component of the Earth Observing System, a program within 
NASA's Mission to Planet Earth. 

The University of South Florida is an equal opportunity/affirmative action 
employer. Women and minorities are encouraged to apply. 

For information, please contact: 
Frank Muller-Karger 
carib at carbon.marine.usf.edu 
(813) 893-9186 / FAX: (813) 893-9103 

or 

Kendall Carder 
kcarder at marine.usf.edu 
(813)  893-9148 

Address: 
University of South Florida 
Department of Marine Science 
140  7th Ave. South 
St Petersburg, FL 33701 

http://marine.usf.edu 

__________________________________ FMK ________________________________________ 


Frank Muller-Karger			Remote Sensing/Biological Oceanogr. 
Department of Marine Science 
University of South Florida		Phone: (813) 553-3335 (Off.) 
140 7th Ave. South			       (813) 893-9186 (Lab.) 
St Petersburg, FL 33701			FAX:   (813) 893-9103 

                                        << carib at carbon.marine.usf.edu >> 
_______________________________________________________________________________ 


From osha at pobox.com  Sun Dec 15 11:42:17 1996
From: osha at pobox.com (Osha Gray Davidson)
Date: Sun, 15 Dec 1996 10:42:17 -0600 
Subject: Indonesian corals 
Message-ID: <2.2.32.19961215164217.0067bc2c@soli.inav.net> 

Greetings--I'm trying to get information on studies of reefs around Nusa 
Lembongan (just east of Bali) and immediately around Sarappo in the 
Spermonde Archipelago off of Ujung Pandang (Sulawesi). In Nusa Lembongan 
things appeared surprisingly good with many healthy-looking areas of what I 
think were Goniopora. Can anyone confirm this (or set me right)? Sarappo 
looked pretty bad--not unexpectedly--but I'd like to know if someone has 
done recent work there quantifying conditions. 
Cheers, 
Osha Gray Davidson 
14 S. Governor St. 
Iowa City, IA 52240 
USA 
+++++++++++ 
PH: (319) 338-4778 
FAX: (319) 338-8606 
e-mail: osha at pobox.com 
Center for International and Comparative Studies, University of Iowa 


From gregorh at hk.super.net  Sat Dec 14 19:50:09 1996
From: gregorh at hk.super.net (gregorh at hk.super.net)
Date: Sun, 15 Dec 1996 08:50:09 +0800 (HKT) 
Subject: Reef Check Error Correction 
Message-ID: <199612150050.IAA17485@is1.hk.super.net> 

For the Reef Check protocol, the cumulative length of transects and  
inter-transect spaces is 95 m (not 105 m as posted). 

Gregor Hodgson 
reply to: rcgregor at usthk.ust.hk 


From gregorh at hk.super.net  Sat Dec 14 11:53:32 1996
From: gregorh at hk.super.net (gregorh at hk.super.net)
Date: Sun, 15 Dec 1996 00:53:32 +0800 (HKT) 
Subject: Reef Check Draft Protocols 
Message-ID: <199612141653.AAA26574@is1.hk.super.net> 


Reef Check 1997 Draft Protocols 

Site selection: choose reef sites that are considered to be the 
best available, with high coral cover and dense fish populations. 
Demonstrating anthropogenic impacts at these sites will reinforce 
the message that even the best sites are showing wear and tear. 
Survey locations should be marked on a chart and submitted. 

Basic design: two 20 m long line transects at both 3 m and 10 m 
depth below Chart Datum or low low water, and two 20 m long 
transects at -4 and -11 m depth. The transects should follow the 
designated depth contour one after the other i.e. the -10 and -11 
m transects should not be parallel. Start and end points should 
be separated by 5 m, so the distance between the start of the 
first transect and end of the last will be 20 + 5 + 20 + 5 + 20 
+ 5 + 20 = 105 m. 

Substrate types including coral cover: Point sampling will be 
done along each transect to characterize the substrate types. A 
nail or other sharp object will be tied onto a 1 m long string 
and dropped at each 0.5 m along the line and the substrate type 
under the tip of the nail recorded as follows: 

Hard coral 
Soft coral 
Dead coral (still standing and intact) 
Fleshy seaweed 
Rock 
Rubble 
Sand 
Silt/clay 
Other 


The four line transects also will be used as belt transects and 
surveyed for indicator organisms and objects. Each belt transect 
will have the dimensions of 2.5 m on either side of the transect 
line, or 5 m wide, and (for fish) at most 5 m above the transect 
line. Counts will be made of the following: 

Whole world: 
Diadema long-spined black sea urchins 
Lobster 
Trash 
Recently broken coral (anchor, blast, divers) (estimate area) 

Indo-Pacific: 
Tridacna giant clams (give size) 
Trochus shells 
Edible beche-de-mer (sea cucumbers), trepang, holothurians 
Acanthaster (Crown of thorns starfish) 
Triton shell Charonia tritonis 

Caribbean: 
Queen conch Strombus gigas 
Helmut conch Cassis madagascariensus 




Fish transects: 

The same belt transects will be used as above. A buddy pair of 
divers will do the survey, one behind the other. At least 15 
minutes should have elapsed since the last disturbance prior to 
starting the survey. The leader will swim slowly along the 
transect and then will stop to count and size target fish every  
5 m, and wait at least 5 minutes for target fish to come out of 
hiding, before proceeding to next stop point. 

Target fish: 

Indo-Pacific 
Any grouper/coral trout over 30 cm 
Barrimundi cod Cromileptes altivelis 
Sweetlips Plectorhincus spp. 
Humphead (Napolean) wrasse Cheilinus undulatus 
Bumphead parrotfish Bolbometapon muricatum 
(Note: off-transect records of the wrasse and the parrotfish will 
be accepted). 

Caribbean: 
Nassau Grouper 
Any grouper over 30 cm 
Sweetlips (Haemulidae) 


Gregor Hodgson, PhD 
Reef Check Coordinator 
Hong Kong University of Science and Technology 
Clearwater Bay, Kowloon 
Hong Kong 
e-mail: rcgregor at usthk.ust.hk 
Fax: (852) 2358-1582 
Tel: (852) 2358-8568 


From garverj at unvax.union.edu  Sat Dec 14 14:50:09 1996
From: garverj at unvax.union.edu (John Garver, Union)
Date: Sat, 14 Dec 1996 14:50:09 -0500 (EST) 
Subject: Hurricane Lili/San Salvador 
In-Reply-To: <Pine.SGI.3.92.961213105621.11633D-100000@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> 
Message-ID: <Pine.ULT.3.91.961214144755.17544A-100000@unvax.union.edu> 


I recently visited the Bahamian Field Station on San Salvador Island, in  
the eastern Bahamas.  On October 19, 1996, San Salvador Island was  
directly hit by Hurricane Lili with winds up to 110 mph.  During my visit  
with students in early December, I encountered many effects of the  
Hurricane on the reefs, beaches, and lagoons.   

Based on photographs and on-site descriptions, I have recently prepared  
"Some effects of Hurricane Lili on San Salvador Island, Bahamas" which is  
on the internet. 

Many researchers and field trip leaders who bring students to the  
Bahamian Field Station are, of course, interested in the aftermath.  This  
short note is for those researchers and educators that have visited or  
will visit the Island. 

In this short note, I mainly focus on the geologic effects of Hurricane  
Lili, but as you will see, some of the focus is on damage to coral.  The  
report contains the following sections:  

Introduction 
General observations 
Hurricane track and Intensity 
Photographs of the effects of Lili 
	Severe damage to trees at high elevations 
	Extensive salt-spray and wind damage 
	Coral damage 
	Coral Rubble washover and Beach Erosion 
	Washover of sand into a nearby lagoon 
	Damage to houses 
Conclusions 


The document is located at: 
http://zircon.geology.union.edu/carb/hurricane/damage 

Regards, 
John Garver 
Associate Professor 
Union College 
Schenectady NY 12308 
USA 




From gregorh at hk.super.net  Sat Dec 14 11:57:15 1996
From: gregorh at hk.super.net (gregorh at hk.super.net)
Date: Sun, 15 Dec 1996 00:57:15 +0800 (HKT) 
Subject: Reef Check Update II 
Message-ID: <199612141657.AAA26687@is1.hk.super.net> 

Reef Check Update II 

Purpose: 

Reef Check 1997 is a global volunteer effort by groups of divers 
led by experienced marine scientists to carry out targetted, 
scientifically based, coral reef surveys. These special surveys 
will use the most simple techniques possible to determine whether 
specific human impacts have affected coral reefs. The ultimate 
goal is to generate publicity for coral reef research and 
conservation by demonstrating that reefs around the world, 
possibly including those believed to be relatively "pristine," 
have been affected by human activities. 

Organisation: 

Reef Check 1997 is an official International Year of the Reef 
activity designed by IYOR committee members. It has been 
enthusiatically supported by hundreds of scientists and divers 
around the world. Due to the unexpectedly large numbers of groups 
interested in participating in Reef Check, we are currently 
dividing up responsibility for Reef Check among several regional 
centers. We are planning two centers in the US, one in UK, one 
in Germany, one in Hong Kong, and one in Australia. We would 
welcome volunteers to create additional regional centers in other 
parts of the world e.g. Africa, South America, Central America. 
Due to the size of the operation, Reef Check headquarters has 
been moved to the Institute for Environmental Studies at the Hong 
Kong University of Science and Technology. We are currently in 
the process of hiring staff to maintain the database and respond 
to inquiries. 

Timing: 

Reef Check was originally planned to be completed in June 1997, 
however, for a variety of reasons, we have accepted 
recommendations that we change the plan slightly. The revised 
Reef Check schedule will open the field monitoring operations on 
Ocean Day, 14 June 1997, and field work may be carried out up to 
the end of August 1997. The planned reporting period will be 
during the first week of September 1997. We are currently 
negotiating with various PR groups and television companies to 
help disseminate our message worldwide. We would like to have 
spokespeople around the world who can be interviewed live in 
various languages. We would also hope to get some real-time 
underwater coverage of human impacts on coral reefs. A detailed 
reporting schedule will be released once these negotiations have 
been completed. 

Field Methods: 

The draft Reef Check Core methods have been posted in a separate 
message. Care has been taken to try to match these methods as 
closely as possible with existing methods, especially the 
Australian-ASEAN and ICLARM Aquanaut protocols. However, due to 
the narrow focus of the Reef Check project to detect human 
impacts, there are some differences, mainly simplifications. For 
example, there is no reason to record coral growth forms for Reef 
Check and this parameter has been omitted. But methods to count 
a number of commonly harvested reef organisms such as lobster and 
grouper have been included. If anyone has strong feelings that 
we have omitted something, or ought to reconsider any method, 
please let us know. 
     In addition to the Core Methods, any additional survey work 
that groups feel like doing can be carried out. If the results 
are pertinent to the theme of Reef Check, they may be adopted or 
at least reported to the media as an extra. 

Data Processing: 

Each diver group will be responsible for processing its own data. 
This will be a very simple procedure of generating count 
summaries, totals and means. These will be submitted to regional 
centers for compilation, and finally to headquarters. For the 
purpose of PR we do not envisage carrying out a great deal of 
high powered statistics, but rather reporting percentages of 
reefs around the world affected by various types of human 
impacts. The data will however have scientific value and will be 
available for all to work with in more detail. Permission will 
be sought from all groups to allow us to prepare a summary paper. 

Eligibility: 

Each Reef Check group will consist of a minimum of one qualified 
reef scientist who can recognise the organisms listed in the 
protocols, and a group of divers who can be trained to carry out 
most of the work. The methods have been designed to be as simple 
as possible so that high school students can participate. A 
practical group size would be 4 pairs of divers, 1 pair per 
transect, however, larger or smaller groups could be accomodated. 
Divers should be sufficiently experienced that they are able to 
perform simple work underwater. It is up to the scientific leader 
to decide if the group members are adequately qualified to 
undertake the work. Group leaders should carefully check what the 
liability may be in their area, and may need to take precautions 
such as asking participants to sign liability waivers for this 
volunteer activity. 

Available Sites/ Groups: 

A list of survey sites and groups will be posted in January. New 
groups should try to choose new sites to avoid overlap and 
increase coverage.  

Inquiries: 

Please send inquiries to  (But note that office will not be 
manned until 1 January): 

Gregor Hodgson, PhD 
Reef Check Coordinator 
Institute for Environmental Studies 
HK University of Science and Technology 
Clearwater Bay, Kowloon 
Hong Kong 
e-mail: rcgregor at usthk.ust.hk 
Fax:  (852) 2358-1582 


From Mark.Spalding at wcmc.org.uk  Mon Dec 16 10:18:13 1996
From: Mark.Spalding at wcmc.org.uk (Mark.Spalding at wcmc.org.uk)
Date: Mon, 16 Dec 96 15:18:13 GMT 
Subject: Marine Protected Areas 
Message-ID: <9612161519.AA23832@wcmc.org.uk> 

Last week I sent information about our Marine Protected Areas web-site and  
gave a wrong address.  Many apologies for this and for wasting people's time!  
The correct URL is: 

	http://www.wcmc.org.uk:80/marine/data/ 

Best wishes 

Mark Spalding 



From coral at aoml.noaa.gov  Sun Dec 15 11:53:58 1996
From: coral at aoml.noaa.gov (Coral Health and Monitoring Program)
Date: Sun, 15 Dec 1996 11:53:58 -0500 (EST) 
Subject: Hurricane Lili/San Salvador (fwd) 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.961215115344.15439A-100000@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> 


---------- Forwarded message ---------- 
Date: Sat, 14 Dec 1996 14:50:09 -0500 (EST) 
From: "John Garver, Union" <garverj at unvax.union.edu> 
To: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral at aoml.noaa.gov> 
Cc: coral-list at reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Hurricane Lili/San Salvador 


I recently visited the Bahamian Field Station on San Salvador Island, in 
the eastern Bahamas.  On October 19, 1996, San Salvador Island was 
directly hit by Hurricane Lili with winds up to 110 mph.  During my visit 
with students in early December, I encountered many effects of the 
Hurricane on the reefs, beaches, and lagoons. 

Based on photographs and on-site descriptions, I have recently prepared 
"Some effects of Hurricane Lili on San Salvador Island, Bahamas" which is 
on the internet. 

Many researchers and field trip leaders who bring students to the 
Bahamian Field Station are, of course, interested in the aftermath.  This 
short note is for those researchers and educators that have visited or 
will visit the Island. 

In this short note, I mainly focus on the geologic effects of Hurricane 
Lili, but as you will see, some of the focus is on damage to coral.  The 
report contains the following sections: 

Introduction 
General observations 
Hurricane track and Intensity 
Photographs of the effects of Lili 
	Severe damage to trees at high elevations 
	Extensive salt-spray and wind damage 
	Coral damage 
	Coral Rubble washover and Beach Erosion 
	Washover of sand into a nearby lagoon 
	Damage to houses 
Conclusions 


The document is located at: 
http://zircon.geology.union.edu/carb/hurricane/damage 

Regards, 
John Garver 
Associate Professor 
Union College 
Schenectady NY 12308 
USA 




From cebarcen at sinsa.univalle.edu.co  Wed Dec 18 11:39:49 1996
From: cebarcen at sinsa.univalle.edu.co (Carlos Enrique Barcenas)
Date: Wed, 18 Dec 1996 11:39:49 -0500 (GMT) 
Subject: information on books 
Message-ID: <Pine.SOL.3.95.961218113402.26698B-100000@sinsa.univalle.edu.co> 


Hello to everyone: 

I need to buy books about coral fishes, related to ageing by otolith 
analisis and early life history, if anyone knows this information I be 
very gratefull, if you want you can write me personally to my E-mail 
adress. 

thank you all. 
------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
Carlos Enrique Barcenas			Tel. (+57-2)339-3243 
Departamento de Biologia			    889-8498 
Universidad del Valle			Fax. (+57-2)889-8477 
Apartado Aereo 25360 
Cali, Colombia (S.Am.)			E-Mail:cebarcen at sinsa.univalle.edu.co 
------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 


From wra at zoo.toronto.edu  Wed Dec 18 15:00:42 1996
From: wra at zoo.toronto.edu (William Allison)
Date: Wed, 18 Dec 1996 15:00:42 -0500 (EST) 
Subject: RE. e-mail addresses for coral researchers 
Message-ID: <Pine.3.89.9612181412.A25988-0100000@zoo.toronto.edu> 


Hi. I am finishing up an in-depth  
evaluation of the accuracy,  
precision and cost-efficiency of the line-intercept transect reef survey  
methodology. It would be useful for me to tie a few ends together by  
e-mail, but I have very few addresses (although I have snail mail  
addresses). There must be a list out there, non? If you could forward  
such a list to me I would appreciate it. In particular, at this moment, I  
wish to contact Richard E. Dodge (Barbados). Mark Chiapponne (USA), and A.J.  
Uychiaoco (Philippines). 

Thanks 

William Allison 




From nolan at cyberlearn.com  Wed Dec 18 19:51:56 1996
From: nolan at cyberlearn.com (Ron S. Nolan)
Date: Wed, 18 Dec 1996 16:51:56 -0800 (PST) 
Subject: RE. e-mail addresses for coral researchers/Transect Methodology 
Message-ID: <v01520d02aeddd0eb93fb@[207.167.87.14]> 

William, 

As part of a post-doc at the University of Hawaii, I did a study on 
transect methodology for reef fishes in which a team surveyed a small, 
linear lava flow reef, then another team speared off selected species of 
butterflyfishes, followed by another team which re-surveyed the reef.  I 
left academia for enterprise shortly thereafter so the study was never 
published, but I could probably find the ms if you would like to see it. 

In our Coral Kingdom CD-ROM, kids follow a transect line to make 
observations.  If you teach any introductory courses you might be 
interested in taking a look at it <http:www.cyberlearn.com>. 

Regards 

nolan 
Digital Studios 



From lotus at sunbeach.net  Thu Dec 19 08:48:15 1996
From: lotus at sunbeach.net (Lotus Arrieta Vermeer)
Date: Thu, 19 Dec 1996 09:48:15 -0400 
Subject: water quality 
Message-ID: <1.5.4.32.19961219134815.00674690@sunbeach.net> 

Can anyone refer me to recent studies which have been conducted which 
provide indications of what total nitrogen and total phosphorous values in 
the water column are considered "stressful" to coral reefs, and/or at what 
level of chlorophyll-a in the water column are coral reefs considered to be 
"stressed"? 

Many thanks, 

Lotus A. Vermeer 
Bellairs Research Institute 
St. James, Barbados, West Indies 


From kelmo at ufba.br  Thu Dec 19 12:57:32 1996
From: kelmo at ufba.br (Francisco Kelmo O dos Santos)
Date: Thu, 19 Dec 1996 14:57:32 -0300 (GRNLNDST) 
Subject: water quality 
In-Reply-To: <1.5.4.32.19961219134815.00674690@sunbeach.net> 
Message-ID: <Pine.A41.3.95.961219145626.41088C-100000@canudos.ufba.br> 

Dear all, 

I would appreciate receiving these informations too. 
Regards, 
Francisco Kelmo. 
******************************************************************* 
**                    Prof.Francisco Kelmo                       ** 
**        Departamento de Zoologia do Instituto de Biologia      ** 
**         Universidade Federal da Bahia - Campus de Ondina      ** 
**         Av. Adhemar de Barros s/n. Salvador-Bahia-BRAZIL      ** 
**                      cep. 40170-290                           **  
**         fax:+55 071 2456909  Ph: +55 071 2473810/2473744      ** 
**                   e-mail:Kelmo at ufba.br                        ** 
******************************************************************** 

On Thu, 19 Dec 1996, Lotus Arrieta Vermeer wrote: 

> Can anyone refer me to recent studies which have been conducted which 
> provide indications of what total nitrogen and total phosphorous values in 
> the water column are considered "stressful" to coral reefs, and/or at what 
> level of chlorophyll-a in the water column are coral reefs considered to be 
> "stressed"? 
>  
> Many thanks, 
>  
> Lotus A. Vermeer 
> Bellairs Research Institute 
> St. James, Barbados, West Indies 
>  
>  


From vanessa.craig at stonebow.otago.ac.nz  Fri Dec 20 04:20:14 1996
From: vanessa.craig at stonebow.otago.ac.nz (Vanessa Craig)
Date: Fri, 20 Dec 1996 11:20:14 +0200 
Subject: benthic-feeding fish 
Message-ID: <v01530500aee008e8a587@[139.80.104.186]> 

I am interested in finding out the current research being conducted on 
benthic-feeding fish in tropical reefs and/or lagoons.  If anyone is 
currently working in this area, please could I beg a few minutes of your 
time to let me know where your research is being conducted and very briefly 
what your research entails. 

Thanks alot 

Vanessa Craig 



From aszmant at rsmas.miami.edu  Thu Dec 19 17:24:35 1996
From: aszmant at rsmas.miami.edu (Alina Szmant)
Date: Thu, 19 Dec 1996 17:24:35 -0500 
Subject: water quality 
Message-ID: <199612192224.RAA21811@umigw.miami.edu> 

Dear Ms. Vermeer: 

These are not simple questions with simple answers.  There is no ONE 
concentration of any of those variables that consitutes stress.  It takes 
LOADS of chlorophyll to decrease the amount of light available to benthic 
producers such as corals and reef algae, and corals do fine under higher 
chlorophyll conditions (e.g. East coast of Africa during monsoon) and 
actually get covered up by algae during the worst of the monsoon.  If 
nutrient concentrations are elevated occasionally, as happens naturally, the 
reef absorbs the nutrients into their normal trophic dynamics and are the 
better off for it.  It's only when 'elevated' (I cannot provide  absolute 
numbers, but reef water usually in the 10 - 20 uM TN and 0.1-0.5 uM TP) 
concentrations occur much of  the time and the grazers cannot keep up with 
the production, that the reef becomes nutrient stressed [it takes MUCH 
higher concentrations to physiologically stress the corals themselves; it's 
the biological interactions that get upset by elevated nutrients]; the 
problem is compounded if there is harvesting or die-off of grazers (such as 
the Diadema die-off).  In the Caribbean, all the reefs are heavily 
over-fished (estimates of 10-20 % of natural fish densities), so the trophic 
dynamics are very unbalanced. 

Hope this helps.  Please do not be mesmerized by the few investigators that 
are going around preaching for a "threshold" concept.   There are no data to 
support it and many that refute it. 

Sincerely, 

Alina Szmant 

At 09:48 AM 12/19/96 -0400, you wrote: 
>Can anyone refer me to recent studies which have been conducted which 
>provide indications of what total nitrogen and total phosphorous values in 
>the water column are considered "stressful" to coral reefs, and/or at what 
>level of chlorophyll-a in the water column are coral reefs considered to be 
>"stressed"? 
> 
>Many thanks, 
> 
>Lotus A. Vermeer 
>Bellairs Research Institute 
>St. James, Barbados, West Indies 
> 
> 
> 
********************************************** 
Dr. Alina M. Szmant 
Coral Reef Research Group 
RSMAS-MBF 
University of Miami 
4600 Rickenbacker Cswy. 
Miami FL 33149 

TEL: (305)361-4609 
FAX: (305)361-4600 or 361-4005 
E-mail:  ASZMANT at RSMAS.MIAMI.EDU 
**********************************************