From 73261.2212 at compuserve.com Sat Mar 2 22:39:10 1996 From: 73261.2212 at compuserve.com (Harry McCarty) Date: 02 Mar 96 22:39:10 EST Subject: Pathobiology Workshop Message-ID: <960303033910_73261.2212_FHO40-7@CompuServe.COM> A workshop, "New Perspectives on Pathobiology of Coral Reef Organisms," will be presented at the 8th International Coral Reef Symposium, 24-29 June 1996 in Panama City, Panama. This one-day workshop will be held mid-week during the symposium and will provide a forum for education and communication in the field of pathobiology as it relates to the study of diseases in algae, invertebrates, and vertebrates of tropical marine ecosystems. The workshop will consist of short presentations on diseases and research topics, hands-on discussion/demonstration sessions of methods and techniques in histopathology, microbiology, and parasitology, and a discussion on physical/chemical factors causing or mediating diseases in these organisms. To obtain a copy of the program and registration forms for the 8th International Coral Reef Symposium, please contact: Maria Majela Brenes P., Convention Manager Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute phone: 507-280354 fax: 507-280970 e-mail: stri01.naos.brenesm at ic.si.edu To help plan the activities for the workshop, please provide the following information by March 16 to Esther Peters or Debbie Santavy (addresses at end). If you know someone else who might wish to participate, please give them this form also. Name: Address: Phone: Fax: E-mail: Check one: ( ) I am definitely planning to attend the workshop. ( ) I am not yet sure I will be able to attend. [Please let us know if your plans change] Are you interested in participating in a special discussion group? Please select one: ( ) Histopathology ( ) Microbiology ( ) Parasitology Could you present a short (10 min) presentation on your research or a topic of interest? If yes, please specify the topic: Do you have any other interests or concerns about research on diseases of tropical marine organisms that you think we should discuss at the workshop? Please list: Thank you very much. We look forward to seeing you in Panama! Esther Peters Deborah Santavy Tetra Tech, Inc. U.S. EPA, Environmental Research Lab 10306 Eaton Place, Suite 340 1 Sabine Island Drive Fairfax, VA 22030 Gulf Breeze, FL 32361 USA phone: 703-385-6000 phone: 904-934-9358 fax: 703-385-6007 fax: 904-934-9300 e-mail: e-mail: 73261.2212 at compuserve.com dsantavy at gulfbr.gbr.epa.gov From wheeler at zool.umd.edu Mon Mar 4 21:05:45 1996 From: wheeler at zool.umd.edu (JENNIFER WHEELER) Date: Mon, 4 Mar 1996 21:05:45 +0500EST Subject: Coral reef organisms & the aquarium trade Message-ID: <7870A8D7681@zool.umd.edu> I am undertaking research on the trade of coral reef organisms for aquariums as part of project to assist a Pacific island nation develop sustainable uses for its reefs. The market for marine aquarium species is booming globally, and I am interested in determining if this market can be used to further the conservation of coral reefs rather than contribute to their demise. Questions: What information is available on the market (supply and demand) for coral reef organisms to be used in aquariums? (International data important.) Is sustainable harvest of reef organisms possible? Have levels been determined? How feasible Is mariculture to produce organisms for export? What are the implications (biological and financial) of the above approaches as compared to unregulated harvest? Any leads or information to assist me in my research would be appreciated. Thank you. Jennifer Wheeler Sustainable Development and Conservation Biology program University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland wheeler at zool.umd.edu From hendee at aoml.noaa.gov Tue Mar 5 08:25:11 1996 From: hendee at aoml.noaa.gov (James C. Hendee) Date: Tue, 5 Mar 1996 08:25:11 -0500 (EST) Subject: Coral reef organisms & the aquarium trade In-Reply-To: <7870A8D7681@zool.umd.edu> Message-ID: On Mon, 4 Mar 1996, JENNIFER WHEELER wrote: [ first and last parts deleted... ] > How feasible Is mariculture to produce organisms for export? > What are the implications (biological and financial) of the above > approaches as compared to unregulated harvest? To my mind, this is the best long-range solution, but with an initial high price tag. As a former mariculturist of marine fishes, invertebrates and plants (macro and micro), I can testify that it is possible to raise many (but not all) of the species of value to the aquarium trade at this time. If a developing nation wants to adopt this strategy, it will have to: a) Be prepared to invest "substantial" (i.e., hundreds of thousands to a million dollars) into basic research into the life cycle and disease etiology of new species it wants to culture and export; b) Be prepared both financially and emotionally (!) to lose all of its cultured stocks overnight to disease, human error or natural catastrophes (e.g., storms), then start over again; c) Hire the best and most experienced mariculturists it can. There are some basic precepts of mariculture that just can not be violated, and I have seen untrained culturists re-invent a tool or approach that doesn't work, and result in the demise of the operation. It's the same old adage--"You get what you pay for." You can hire "bargain" personnel, only to be wiped out later because of a rudimentary mistake. Hope this helps. Jim Hendee From sjameson at coralseas.com Tue Mar 5 09:16:34 1996 From: sjameson at coralseas.com (Stephen C. Jameson) Date: Tue, 5 Mar 1996 09:16:34 -0500 Subject: Coral reef organisms & the aquarium trade Message-ID: <199603051416.JAA20221@wizard.wizard.net> Dear Jennifer, The International Coral Reef Initiative (ICRI) State of the Reefs Report will give you a preliminary global and regional snapshot of the impacts of the aquarium trade on the health of coral reef ecosystems. Jameson, S.C., J.W. McManus, and M.D. Spalding. 1995. State of the Reefs: Regional and Global Perspectives. International Coral Reef Initiative Executive Secretariat Background Paper, U.S. Departmenmt of State, Washington, D.C. Contact Dr. Peter Thomas, ICRI Coordinator (pthomas at state.gov) for a copy. Also, in the early 1970's I did the pioneering research on the early life history of the giant clams to provide a basis for a large scale aquaculture and conservation program for Tridacna in the Indo-Pacific. Many people are now raising Tridacna to a small size and selling them for the aquarium trade (more profitable than for food). Contact John McManus at the International Center for Living Aquatic Resources Management in Manila (iclarm at cgnet.com) for more information on Tridacna culture for the aquarium trade. Best regards, Dr. Stephen C. Jameson, President Coral Seas, Inc. - Integrated Coastal Zone Management 4254 Hungry Run Road The Plains, VA 20198-1715 USA 703/754-8690, 703/754-9139 (FAX) Internet: sjameson at coralseas.com From hendee at aoml.noaa.gov Wed Mar 6 07:18:58 1996 From: hendee at aoml.noaa.gov (James C. Hendee) Date: Wed, 6 Mar 1996 07:18:58 -0500 (EST) Subject: Coral Reef Restoration Message-ID: The following posting to the marine biology list-server regarding coral transplantation and reef restoration may be of interest to the coral-list: Date: Mon, 4 Mar 1996 16:52:52 -0800 From: Bob Hoffman Subject: Re: coral reef transplantation Richard F. Ambrose wrote: > > In article <4hfbcq$fh1 at sifon.cc.mcgill.ca> bk2j at musicb.mcgill.ca writes: > >From: bk2j at musicb.mcgill.ca > >Subject: coral reef transplantation > >Date: 4 Mar 1996 18:05:14 GMT > > >Does anybody know anything about feasability of coral reef transplantation. Any comments/references would be appreciated. > > There's an article in the most recent issue of Restoration Ecology that deals > with this: > > Rinkevich, B. 1995. Restoration strategies for coral reefs damaged by > recreational activities: the use of sexual and asexual recruits. Restoration > Ecology 3: 241-251. You may want to get in contact with John Naughton with the National Marine Fisheries Service in Honolulu. He is involved in coral transplant project somewhere in Pacific Islands. His email address is john_naughton at ssp.nmfs.gov. Bob Hoffman NMFS, Long Beach, CA bob_hoffman at ssp.nmfs.gov From wbeck at physics.arizona.edu Wed Mar 6 11:42:57 1996 From: wbeck at physics.arizona.edu (Warren Beck) Date: Wed, 6 Mar 96 09:42:57 MST Subject: remove name Message-ID: <9603061642.AA13892@physics.arizona.edu> Please remove my address from the coral-list at reef.aoml.erl.gov server. I no longer wish to receive messages from this list. Warren Beck Warren Beck NSF AMS Facility Department of Physics University of Arizona Bldg. #81 Tucson, AZ 85721 Phone: 520-621-4277 Fax:520-621-9619 From sjameson at coralseas.com Thu Mar 7 17:08:34 1996 From: sjameson at coralseas.com (Stephen C. Jameson) Date: Thu, 7 Mar 1996 17:08:34 -0500 Subject: Coral Reef Restoration - Reply (fwd) Message-ID: <199603072208.RAA05887@wizard.wizard.net> Dear Walter, I'd be very interested in hearing your insights regarding the Soto Reef project. Do you plan any follow up studies on survival rates? Please drop me a line when you get a chance. From sjameson at coralseas.com Thu Mar 7 17:15:07 1996 From: sjameson at coralseas.com (Stephen C. Jameson) Date: Thu, 7 Mar 1996 17:15:07 -0500 Subject: Coral Reef Restoration - Reply (fwd) Message-ID: <199603072215.RAA05995@wizard.wizard.net> Dear Walter, I'd very much like to hear your insights from the Soto Reef project. Do you plan any follow-up survival studies? Drop me a line when you get a chance. Best regards, Dr. Stephen C. Jameson, President Coral Seas, Inc. - Integrated Coastal Zone Management 4254 Hungry Run Road The Plains, VA 20198-1715 USA 703/754-8690, 703/754-9139 (FAX) Internet: sjameson at coralseas.com From howzit at io.org Thu Mar 7 20:36:53 1996 From: howzit at io.org (Ursula Keuper-Bennett) Date: Thu, 7 Mar 1996 20:36:53 -0500 Subject: Information request for Barclay's Park, Barbados Message-ID: <199603080136.UAA12654@io.org> Hello, I am interested in any information about Barclay's Park, Barbados. I would especially welcome any comments from divers who may know the area. I have surfed the Net and the only information I presently have on the locale is it is a 50 acre park and swimming can be dangerous. During my Net poking about I did discover that a surprising number of papers had been written about eutrophication in Barbados water. I need to know a lot more than this. I would appreciate any feedback on the condition of corals and ocean in and around Barclay's Park, please. Aloha and best ^ Ursula Keuper-Bennett 0 0 Mississauga, Ontario /V^\ I I /^V\ Email: howzit at io.org /V Turtle Trax V\ /V Forever Green V\ http://www.io.org/~bunrab From gjgast at nioz.nl Fri Mar 8 07:59:25 1996 From: gjgast at nioz.nl (Gert Jan Gast) Date: Fri, 8 Mar 1996 12:59:25 +0000 Subject: Sending replies Message-ID: Hello all, This: > Dear Walter, > > I'd very much like to hear your insights from the Soto Reef project. Do > you plan any follow-up survival studies? Drop me a line when you get a > chance. > > > > Best regards, > > Dr. Stephen C. Jameson, President > Coral Seas, Inc. - Integrated Coastal Zone Management > 4254 Hungry Run Road > The Plains, VA 20198-1715 USA > 703/754-8690, 703/754-9139 (FAX) > Internet: sjameson at coralseas.com > is an example of mail meant for one person that was sent to over 500 people. That is unnecessary loading of many E-mail boxes. Could all of you please pay attention to the address your mail application chooses when you click "reply"? In other words: please only send to the coral-list when you want your message to appear on >500 computer screens. That would make live a bit easier for all of us. Thanks in advance. Nice weekend to all of you! Gert Jan Gast Netherlands Institute for Sea Research Department of Marine Ecology P.O. Box 59, 1790 AB Den Burg, The Netherlands. Phone: 31 (0)222 369573. Fax: 31 (0)222 319674. From wm1 at ukc.ac.uk Fri Mar 8 08:11:46 1996 From: wm1 at ukc.ac.uk (William Moreno Caycedo) Date: Fri, 8 Mar 1996 13:11:46 +0000 (gmt) Subject: Fishing and its effect on coral Message-ID: To anybody Does anybody knows anything about the effects to coral by fishing (or overfishing) in a particular area of the world. At the moment I'm trying to study this problem but at this University (Canterbury U.K) there is not much information. I would be most grateful if someone could tell me where I can obtain this kind of info. Thanks William Moreno Durrel Intitute of Conservation and Biology wm1 at ukc.ac.uk From jc13 at axe.humboldt.edu Sun Mar 10 12:49:45 1996 From: jc13 at axe.humboldt.edu (Joshua Craig) Date: Sun, 10 Mar 1996 09:49:45 -0800 (PST) Subject: Fish Forums? Message-ID: I am enjoying the range of topics on this bulletin board. Are there any similar forums for information exchange about tropical marine fishes, especially reef fishes? From C_WILKINSON at aims.gov.au Sun Mar 10 00:16:06 1996 From: C_WILKINSON at aims.gov.au (C_WILKINSON at aims.gov.au) Date: Sun, 10 Mar 1996 15:16:06 +1000 Subject: Coral Bleaching in PNG region Message-ID: <01I26ET64FY08WW0HS@AIMS.GOV.AU> The following was sent to me by John Rewald, Motupore Research Station in PNG dated 07-MAR-96. A sig. area from S of Normanby Island through Cape Vogel, and to Tufi is suffering from coral bleaching over the past 3 weeks, extending down to 20 m. Bleaching in shallow water is most extensive - almost 100% in some areas, including soft corals and anemones. Water temps have been 29 to 30 deg. C during DEC for past 2 months. This is the longest recalled period of warm water in Milne Bay province - weather also calm and skies relatively clear. Reefs N of Normanby/Fergusson Ids are not affected to any degree though signs are there. Corals appear live at the moment with patches of dead coral and beginning of algal growth. I will be monitoring bleaching over next 5 weeks. These are observations from Bob Halstead, operator of dive boat Telita and he requests advice from scientists as to what he should observe. Please contact Rewald on jrewald at peg.apc.org (note: no dates and precise locations provided and Rewald is currently travelling to Australia - good luck) Clive Wilkinson From AMORIM at mfca.uem.mz Mon Mar 11 10:40:02 1996 From: AMORIM at mfca.uem.mz (AMORIM) Date: Mon, 11 Mar 1996 10:40:02 gmt+0200 Subject: diversity indexes Message-ID: <199603111050.FAA10013@reef.aoml.erl.gov> Dear all, I'm doing a research work on comparing coral reef fishes in two areas, using a video camera. What I need to know, urgently, is how to compare, statisticly, diversity indexes to see if they are significant. Are there any scientific papers on similar studies? I would appreciate it if you would help me. Thanks! Sorry for any duplication! -- amorim From prtaylor at nsf.gov Fri Mar 8 10:19:17 1996 From: prtaylor at nsf.gov (prtaylor at nsf.gov) Date: Fri, 08 Mar 96 10:19:17 EST Subject: Coral Reef Activities -- U.S. National Science Foundation Message-ID: <9602088263.AA826309874@xrelay.nsf.gov> To anyone interested: The attach file outlines many research and related projects that were supported by the U. S. National Science Foundation in Fiscal Year 1995 as part of the U. S.Coral Reef Initiative and its contribution to the International Coral Reef Initiative. Phil Taylor Division of Ocean Sciences U. S. National Science Foundation 4201 Wilson Blvd. Arlington, Virginia 22230 USA prtaylor at nsf.gov 703-306-1587 To anyone interested: The attach file outlines many research and related projects that were supported by the U. S. National Science Foundation in Fiscal Year 1995 as part of the U. S.Coral Reef Initiative and its contribution to the International Coral Reef Initiative. Phil Taylor Division of Ocean Sciences U. S. National Science Foundation 4201 Wilson Blvd. Arlington, Virginia 22230 USA prtaylor at nsf.gov 703-306-1587 3/8/96 ********************************************** Population Biology of Caribbean Octocorals Daniel Brazeau, University of Florida Fertilization success among sessile, marine invertebrates is a largely unknown variable bridging those factors which field ecologists can measure (fecundity, organism size, population abundance) and one often difficult to estimate (reproductive success). Using the Caribbean octocoral Baiareum asbestinum as a model animal, this project will examine temporal and spatial variation in reproductive success for male and female colonies. The research will test the specific prediction that female fertilization success is directly proportional to the nearby abundance male colonies. This information is crucial for understanding the abundance and growth of invertebrate populations in coral reef ecosystems and will provide important information for the successful restoration and management of coral reefs worldwide. The Role of Heterotrophic Dinoflagellates in Marine Plankton Dynamics: Growth, Grazing Behavior and Bioluminescence Edward Buskey, University of Texas Austin This study will examine the effects of food quantity and quality on the growth, feeding and bioluminescence of several species of Protoperidinium. Selective feeding of these pallium, feeding dinoflagellates (which capture large food particles extracellualarly) and the role of sensory perception in this selection process will also be examined. In addition, the study will determine the abundance of heterotrophic dinoflagellates in the western Gulf of Mexico, and examine the relationship between growth rate and bioluminescence capacity for field collected Protoperidinium incubated at ambient food concentrations. Hydrodynamic Forcing of Metabolism of Coral Reef Algal Communities Robert Carpenter, California State University Northridge and Susan Williams, San Diego State University The current paradigm explaining how coral reefs maintain high biomass of organisms and extremely high rates of gross primary productivity is that tight recycling of nutrients and organic matter occurs within the reef resulting in zones of net autotrophy alternating with zones of net heterotrophy. Autotrophic upstream communities are thought to support downstream heterotrophic assemblages with the overall balance resulting in ecosystem P/R ratios near unity. According to this paradigm, coral reefs are not coupled significantly to the surrounding oligotrophic ocean. Recent studies suggest that coral reefs may be much more dependent on hydrodynamic processes than currently believed. Although nutrient concentrations of tropical waters are very low, an enormous volume of water is advected across the reef and could result in a large flux of nutrients to benthic primary producers. The major upstream autotrophic zone is the reef flat where algal turf assemblages are responsible for the majority of primary productivi ty. Previous work has demonstrated that rates of primary productivity and nitrogen fixation of algal turf are affected significantly by water flow speed. Furthermore, flow measurements on one reef suggest that algal canopy height significantly alters the local hydrodynamic regime and as a result, metabolic processes of algal turfs may be diffusion- limited for a significant proportion of time. This project will test the hypothesis that rates of primary productivity and nitrogen fixation of coral reef algal turfs are diffusion-limited. Measurements of the flow environment on a reef flat will be made and used to estimate the degree to which algal turfs varying in canopy height are diffusion-limited. The project will then move on to test hypotheses about the specific factors that result in diffusion- limitation. The results of this project should fill a gap on empirical measurements of water flow in coral reef environments and how water flow affects algal metabolism. The results of this research may lead to a si gnificant paradigm shift in understanding how coral reefs function. Demonstration that reefs are open ecosystems that are strongly coupled to the surrounding ocean environment would have important implications for predictions of the effects of global climate change on these unique ecosystems. Population and Community Dynamics of Corals: A Long Term Study. Joseph Connell, University of California, Santa Barbara The objectives of the present project are several: 1) To extend the detailed long-term monitoring of ecological communities of corals and algae on the Great Barrier Reef, Australia which has been carried on continuously over the past 30 years, the longest such study on any coral reef; 2) to expand the study to include sites on two nearby reefs, and additional replicate sites on Heron Reef; 3) to analyze spatial patterns and dynamics of corals and algae at several scales, from centimeters to tens of meters, both during the course of colonization of patches (opened by disturbances) and after most of the surface has become crowded by many colonies. These analyses should reveal the long-term effects of interactions that may be crucial in determining how natural communities are structured; 4) to test with controlled field experiments some hypotheses about mechanisms: a) that produce the unique species composition of corals at the Inner Reef Flat site, b) that cause contrasting patterns of algae after disturbances , and c) that determine precisely how each colony affects its neighbors; 5) to build mathematical models and computer simulations of the dynamics of these populations and communities of corals and algae: a) to investigate the influence of past and present conditions on future changes, b) to characterize temporal and spatial dynamics, and c) to test hypotheses about the consequences of these dynamics to the community. The models will be also used to asses the degree to which community structure and dynamics may or may not be influenced by details of spatial relationships. The field methods will use the standard sampling techniques used over the past 30 years, to assure continuity in the long-term data base. The experimental methods, using coral transplanting and cages to exclude larger herbivores, have also been used before in this study and are well- established. Larval choice experiments and new recruit transplants have been carried out successfully by the co- investigators elsewhere on the Great Barrier Re ef.. The significance of this proposed research to the advancement of knowledge is that: 1) it deepens the general knowledge of how natural communities of corals and algae (the dominant sessile organisms on tropical and sub- tropical reefs), are assembled and structured in the face of changes in their environment over extended periods of time; 2) it reveals some of the mechanisms that link the environment with these community changes, and how both vary over short and long time periods and between small and larger spatial scales; and 3) it helps to predict the effect of environmental changes, including those caused by human activity, on these natural communities. Grazer Diversity and Ecosystem Function in Seagrass Beds J. Emmett Duffy, College of William & Mary, Virginia Institute of Marine Science One of most pervasive and irreversible effects of environmental change wrought by human activity is the reduction in species diversity on local and global scales. The consequences of declining for ecosystem function remain largely unquantified and unpredictable. The loss of species in low diversity but high recruitment environments, like estuaries, may severely alter production levels and trophic transfers. This research will involve a series of mesocosm experiments to test the effects of invertebrate grazer species on: 1) the structure of eelgrass communities, particularly the algal epiphytes, 2) functional processes within the eelgrass ecosystem, especially primary and secondary production, vascular detritus processing, and organic matter export to underlying sediment, and 3) the responses of the plants to nutrient enrichment. The results of this work are likely to provide the first experimental evidence about the roles of mesograzers in shallow water vegetation communities, including their individual and collective effects on community structure and function. Ribosomal DNA Sequences in Marine Yeasts: A Model for Identification and Quantification of Marine Eukaryotes Jack Fell, University of Miami, Rosensteil School of Marine & Atmospheric Sciences Using molecular techniques for rapid and accurate determination of community structure, this research will determine fungal biodiversity and population biomass in tropical caostal ecosystems (principally mangrove ecosystems) of two distinctly different groups of micro-fungi: the basidiomycetous yeasts and the oomycetous genus Halophythophora. Both groups have important roles in detrital based food webs. The research program will include laboratory and field studies. Laboratory studies will complete the data bank of know species as a basis for determining community structure in the field. New procedures will be developed with preliminary emphasis on quantitative PCR (QPCR) using laser detected infrared labeled primers. Field research will center on reef and mangrove habitats. Using a combination of classical microbial techniques and molecular methods, the community structure and relative abundance of known and unknown culturable fungi species will be determined. The identity of these species will be ascertain ed by automated DNA sequence analysis and nucleotide alignment with the data bank. Species-specific regions will be located and primers developed to test the accuracy and sensitivity of PCR techniques in estimating community structure. Through the use of PCR and QPCR, the occurrence of unculturable species and population densities will be estimated. The techniques developed in this research can be applied to population analyses of other micro- or macro- eukaryote communities. Bleaching of Symbiotic Algae (Zooxanthellae) and their Invertebrate Hosts: Causes and Mechanisms William Fitt, University of Georgia Bleaching, the loss of symbiotic dinoflagellates("zooxanthellae" hereafter) of their pigments, of reef corals and other invertebrates has become a world-wide problem in tropical marine ecosystem, linked by some researchers to global warming. The results of bleaching have potentially devastating environmental, ecological and economic effects in the Caribbean, IndoPacific, an other tropical marine areas. Though there is some experimental work showing involvement of both higher than average temperature and light, the mechanisms involved in bleaching are not well understood this project will test three hypotheses. 1. Bleaching in nature is caused by high temperature stress coupled with high energy blue light (and possibly UV-A between 380-400nm). Preliminary evidence shows that while high temperature alone will induce bleaching, natural light exposure during high temperature treatment exacerbates the effect by lowering the temperature threshold and time to bleaching at a given temperature. this study will determ ine which component of light is responsible for this effect and the mechanisms of action. Early theories on bleaching had light playing a major role, but experimental evidence has not yet supported this contention. Potentially harmful chemical alterations associated with high energy wavelengths of blue light (and possibly some near-blue wavelengths of UV-A, that are not adsorbed by UV-protecting pigments found in corals) are not only consistent with field observations of bleaching, but are also supported by both laboratory and field-based preliminary experiments. 2. The mechanisms of temperature-light induced bleaching involves the irreversible dissociation of the chlorophyll-protein associations in the chloroplast. The harmful effects of high temperatures and light on algae include the irreversible separation or inactivation of the chlorophyll-protein complexes associated with reaction centers in the chloroplast. Electron transport activity and eventually carbon fixation decrease markedly. 3. High light and temperatures cause decreases in "protective" pigments which absorb ultraviolet light. The role of different wavelengths of light in conjunction with high temperature in determining concentrations of UV- screening pigments will be determined as well as their relationship with photosynthetic rates. These hypotheses will be tested using cultured and freshly isolated zooxanthellae, and intact hosts both in the laboratory and in field-based experiments. El Nino Impacted Coral Reefs In The Tropical Eastern Pacific Secondary Disturbances, Recovery and Modeling of Population and Community Responses. Peter Glynn, University of Miami Rosensteil School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences This research will continue a long-term study that has focused on ecological disturbances to eastern Pacific coral reefs that accompanied the sever and historically unprecedented 1982-83 El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The study involves international collaboration with host- county research teams and primary field sites in Costa Rica, Panama, and the Galapagos Islands (Ecuador), areas heavily impacted by the 1982-83 ENSO. Dr. Glynn will lead the research to continue (a) with the physical and biotic monitoring of eastern Pacific coral reefs initiated in the early-mid 1970s, (b) investigating the responses of different coral species to ENSO stressors, (c) studying coral reproductive ecology as it relates to recruitment success, and (d) documenting coral community recovery. New research directions include (e) remote sensing, which will attempt to link coral bleaching/mortality with local and global scale sea surface temperatures by means of synoptic and repeated measurements, and (f) modeling of coral pop ulation and community dynamics based on mechanistic relationships between temperature, predation, coral growth, and survivorship derived from field monitoring and experimental results. Because important secondary disturbances are still occurring and reef recovery has been slow, it is necessary to continue this study in order to understand the variety of changes involved and the full impact of a major disturbance on eastern Pacific coral survival and reef building. We are hopeful that ENSO warming disturbances can provide some insight to the probable changes in coral reefs worldwide if projected global warming causes repeated and/or protracted sea temperature increases comparable to the 1982-83 ENSO. Quantitative Aspects of Prey Chemical Defenses Mark Hay, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill This project will extend the PI's current investigations on chemical mediation of seaweed-herbivore and invertebrate- predator interactions to include: (1) complex interactions of prey nutritional value with chemical and structural prey defenses, (2) an understanding of how larval and spore defenses differ from those of the adult, and why (exposure to different consumers?, increased exposure to UV without adult structures that provide shade?, etc.), and (3) the role of learned aversion by vertebrate versus invertebrate consumers in affecting both prey and consumer dynamics. Because benthic seaweeds and invertebrates play a trophically and ecologically important role in tropical and sub-tropical near-shore communities and are rich sources of novel secondary metabolites that function as defenses against consumers and have potential applications as pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and growth regulating substances, understanding how these organisms respond chemically to ecological and environmental threats can pro vide fundamental information about how marine systems function, and can suggest strategies for applied uses of marine natural products. Broadcast Spawning and the Population Ecology of Coral Reef Animals Howard Lasker, State University of New York, Buffalo The literature on marine benthic ecology and evolution has generally ignored fertilization rates as an important factor in the life histories of benthic species, many which are important resource species. These rates have implicitly been assumed to be uniformly high and thus not a terribly significant factor in the establishment of the adult populations. There are now a number of data sets which raise doubts about the validity of that assumption. The research will determine rates of fertilization among natural populations and will explore some of the factors controlling these rates in reef communities. Using the Caribbean gorgonian, Plexaura A, as a model system Drs. Lasker and Coffroth will determine rates of fertilization of eggs released in synchronous spawning events. Plexaura A is clonal and often has skewed ratios of male and female colonies on different reefs. This will enable comparison of rates from reefs which differ in current regime and in the density of male colonies. Using random amplified poly morphic DNA (RAPD) from individual planulae larvae, they will conduct paternity analyses, determine the proportion of fertilizations attributable to specific male clones, and determine the effects of clone size and distribution on fertilization. If rates are low and are affected by factors such as population density, then it will be necessary to incorporate fertilization rates in analyses of benthic population animal dynamics and evolution. The Effects of Ultraviolet Radiation on Symbiotic Cnidarians: Action Spectra, Sites of Damage, and Bleaching Michael Lesser, University of New Hampshire The decrease of the stratospheric ozone layer has resulted in an increase in the amount of harmful ultraviolet radiation reaching both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Recent data indicates that this phenomenon will also affect tropical ecosystems. Tropical ecosystems have a long evolutionary history of exposure to fluxes of UV radiation, and can provide considerable insight into evolved mechanisms of protection against the deleterious effects of UV radiation. We presently do not know with confidence the wave length-dependent efficiency (action spectrum) of UV radiation for any physiological function in symbiotic cnidarians. Widespread coral bleaching events have recently been observed following anomolously high sea surface temperatures around the world. If UV radiation synergistically interacts with increased sea water temperatures, action spectra will be required to predict what dose of UV radiation can induce bleaching, with or without an increase in sea water temperature. An important step in understa nding the bleaching phenomenon is to determine the independent and synergistic effects of temperature, visible radiation, and UV radiation on the functional biology of symbiotic associations. A Facility for Research and Education at the Caribbean Marine Research Center, Lee Stocking Island Marine Field Station. Romuald Lipcius, College of William & Mary, Virginia Institute of Marine Science The Caribbean Marine Research Center (CMRC) is one of six National Undersea Research Centers. CMRC's marine field station on Lee Stocking Island (LSI) in the Exuma Cays, Bahamas comprises 28 buildings, a 915-meter airstrip, nine research vessels, wet and dry submersibles, and recompression chamber and an underwater habitat. The station affords access to a pristine marine environment with a diverse array of tropical habitats including shallow and deep coral reefs, grassbeds, sand flats, mangroves, submerged carbonate terraces, subsea caves, blue holes, tidal channels and stromatolites, a unique bio-geological feature. During 1993, 131 visiting scientists and students conducted research in the fields of benthic ecology, invertebrate biology, fisheries ecology, oceanography, coral reef ecology, paleo-oceanography, macroalgal ecology, aquaculture, global climate change, coral bleaching and marine geology. In addition, a limited number of field courses and workshops were held at LSI. However, the station is hinde red by a paucity of accommodations for visiting scientists, and the lack of a suitable lecture and workshop facility, which prevents CMRC from meeting numerous requests to conduct field courses, workshops and research. The proposed partnership between CMRC, The College of William & Mary (W&M), and NSF would significantly enhanced the utility of one of the most productivity marine field stations in the Caribbean. Specifically this project will provide for the construction of a dormitory and lecture/workshop building at LSI. Key contributions by CMRC include property for the facility, support services, and administrative framework for coordination of activities, and maintenance of the building over the facility's lifetime. Path of Carbon in Photosynthesis and Release of Glycerol by Zooxanthellae Leonard Muscatine, University of California Los Angeles One of the most intriguing, and enigmatic phenomena in the field of coral reef ecology is the symbiotic relationship between the coral polyp and the nutrient producing dinoflagellate that it hosts. This relationship is the key feature in the stability of coral reefs and many of the organisms which reside there. The objective of this project is to study the translocation of carbon from symbiotic dinoflagellates to the coral host cells. This will be achieved by a revolutionary approach to studying this relationship, by artificially altering the biochemical carbon pathways, and evaluating the subsequent metabolism of the coral polyp and the photosynthetic capacities of the dinoflagellates. This shall give us new insights on the nutritional relationship between the two. Dr. Muscatine has a string of success with prior NSF awards and is at the forefront in this field of study. His project will help to achieve two objectives: 1) further contribute to our understanding of the role of coral symbioses, which could po tentially have biotechnological value, and 2) provide another opportunity for collaborative work with Russian scientist in U.S. laboratories. Housing Facility for Visiting Scientists Award Valerie Paul, University of Guam The University of Guam Marine Laboratory will build a housing facility for accommodating visiting researchers including visiting graduate students. The 2000 sq ft building will contain three bedrooms, 2 bathrooms, a kitchen, and a living area for dormitory style accommodations and a separate suite with two bedrooms, one bath, and a kitchen for an apartment style unit. Earlier support allowed the university to complete the architectural and engineering plans for this building. Such a facility is considered extremely important because 1) the institution is in an isolated academic environment and visiting investigators are a valuable resource for interactions and new ideas, and 2) skyrocketing rents and a serious housing shortage combine to make it difficult to impossible to find adequate lodging for visitors staying less than 6 months. The University of Guam Laboratory supports the research of 8 full-time faculty, numerous graduate and undergraduate students, as well as visiting investigators. The research dem ands on facility have increased due to the addition of new faculty at the laboratory, the recent establishment of collaborative programs between the Marine Laboratory and the University of Hawaii and the University of the Ryukyus (Okinawa, Japan), and the awareness of the Marine Laboratory as a resource for coral reef research by over 550 scientists who attended the 7th International Coral Reef Symposium on Guam in June 1992. The new building will allow the support of increasing numbers of visiting scientists that wish to conduct research at the laboratory , which will in turn enhance the research environment. Assessing the Chemical Defenses of Caribbean Sponges Joseph Pawlik, University of North Carolina Wilmington Sponges are important components of benthic marine communities, particularly on coral reefs. Organic extracts of their tissues have yielded a wealth of unusual chemical compounds that are not known to be involved in primary metabolism. These secondary metabolites have a diversity of pharmacological effects in laboratory assays, but it is unclear why sponges produce them. The most commonly held theory is that these compounds are distasteful to potential predators. The proposed research will provide an assessment of the chemical defenses of Caribbean demo sponges, a group whose taxonomy and chemistry is fairly well described. The investigation will proceed within a theoretical framework established by previous research on the chemical ecology of terrestrial plants and marine algae. Overall, this research project represents the first systematic investigation of the chemical defenses of tropical marine sponges. The results will be useful in judging the general applicability of optimal defense theories based on s tudies of terrestrial ecosystems. On the Abundance, Dynamics and Regulation of Damselfish Populations Russell Schmitt and Sally Holbrook, University of California Santa Barbara The aim of the work is to understand the dynamics and regulation of structured, open populations, which typify most marine reef fishes and invertebrates. While there is broad agreement among ecologists that attributes of populations are shared by more than an single process (e.g., availability of propagules, competition within and between life stages, competition with other species, predation), there remains considerable disagreement regarding their relative importance. There also is some confusion about what roles various processes have in producing dynamics; few empirical workers have distinguished between processes that regulate populations (i.e., bound fluctuations) as opposed to those that cause variation around the mean abundance. An enormous amount is known about the caused of fluctuations in abundance of reef organisms, but very little is known about what regulates their populations. This work will contribute in several key ways to understanding the general issue of dynamics and regulation. It is one of the first comprehensive, pluralistic evaluations of reef fishes that will distinguish effects of processes on regulation and on variation. Second, it will use for the first time operational definitions and analytical protocols for quantitative assessments of the relative importance of various processes. As such, the research could yield standard approaches and procedures to address relative importance. Third, the application of infrared video technology enables the exploration of little studied but crucial processes of settlement and early mortality. Zooplankton Capture by Corals: Effects of Water Movement and Prey Escape Kenneth Sebens and Jennifer Purcell, University of Maryland Information on water flow in coral reef environments has generally been done to quantify mass transport across reefs or to identify important processes generating nutrient flux from reefs. This project will investigate the effects of water flow on several aspects of the feeding biology of corals. Field measurements of feeding rates on four species of corals will be made with prey sampling by an automated pump/sampler and field flume that allows concurrent measurements of water flow and prey availability. Feeding experiments will be manipulated by varying flow rate, prey type, and food availability and will be conducted over several days with different flow conditions. Capture events and prey type, and food availability and will be conducted over several days with different flow conditions. Capture events and prey escape behavior will be filmed using underwater video. Another important aspect of feeding biology in coral reefs is the small scale water flow around corals in the field. This will be accomplished with three self- contained underwater thermistors flowmeters with 2 mm spatial resolution, based on the design of LaBarber and Vogel (1976). The data collected will be used to characterize the general flow regime at the site, providing new information about the flow environment of coral reefs in Jamaica and other sites in the Caribbean. Marine Biotechnology Fellowship: Natural Products from Common Shallow-water Soft Corals of Guam: Reproductive Considerations Marc Slattery, University of Mississippi (Formerly at University of Guam) This research project will utilize analytical chemical techniques to evaluate the importance of secondary metabolites and steroids in the reproduction of 3 species of soft corals from Guam. This project builds on ongoing research which has identified and examined the importance of secondary metabolites, organic extracts, and morphological defenses in soft coral predator deterrence. This project will extract, isolate, and determine the structures of new secondary metabolites in adult colonies and their eggs. Temporal changes in concentrations of these compounds will be correlated with reproductive indices to assess the role of the compounds in maturation and spawning. Standard bioassays will be conducted to guide isolation of bioactive compounds and to determine the importance of isolated natural products in egg release, sperm chemotaxis, and feeding deterrence. Novel compounds identified in this project will expand upon a growing database of metabolites that can be used as chemotaxonomic markers and will be incorporated into existing pharmacological programs. Additionally, this project will contribute significant in sights into the reproductive biology and chemical ecology of the common soft corrals on the shallow reefs surrounding Guam. The Physiology of Sclerochronology: Mechanism and Variation in Formation of High Density Bands in the Massive Coral Montastrea Annularis Alina Szmant and Peter Swart, University of Miami, Rosensteil School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences; Richard Dodge, Nova University and James Porter, University of Georgia High density (HD) bands mark annual cycles of growth in X- radiographs of reef coral skeletons and presumably form due to physiological response to seasonal cycles of temperature and light. However, the mechanism of formation has not been established for any coral. The HD band is usually used to define the annual band, and thus understanding its formation, and the controls on variability in its timing is important. In the research, a conceptual model of how density bands form, based on physiological and morphological data obtained with earlier NSF funding, is will be developed. Four specific aspects of the work will include: (1) development of a mechanistic mathematical model for the formation of the HD band of Montastrea annularis, a major coral used in paleoclimate work; (2) conducting an in situ experiment to test the validity of the model; (3) evaluation of the genetic vs. environmental components of variation in time of formation of the HD band; and (4) assessment of the variation among corals in the re lationship between HD bands and stable isotope profiles. This study will provide the type of environmental physiological data needed for the precise use of coral density bands for paleoclimatology. Effects of Ultraviolet Radiation on the Biology of Caribbean Reef Corals Gerard Wellington, University of Houston Recent studies indicate that ultraviolet radiation can penetrate to considerable depths on tropical reefs. Persistent high levels of UV penetration, resulting from extended periods of calm sea conditions, have been shown to induce stress leading to the loss of symbiotic zooxanthellae (i.e., bleaching) in reef-building corals. These conditions may have contributed significantly to the regional mass coral bleaching events observed in the Caribbean during 1987 and 1990. This project will continue monitoring penetration of UV radiation, sea temperatures, and recovery of coral exposed to UV radiation. In addition, the project will be expanded to evaluate the effects of UV radiation on the early life-history stages, namely planula larvae and newly-recruited juveniles, of predominant coral species. While increases in UV radiation are predicted to be minimal at low latitudes, increased frequency of calm sea conditions predicted by global warming will lead to enhanced water column clarity and high UV penetration with subsequent negative effects on reef corals. This project, by experimentally defining the maximum UV intensities that can be tolerated by larval and juveniles corals, will provide insight into the role that current intensities of UV radiation play in limiting recruitment and shaping subsequent coral community structure. From hendee at aoml.noaa.gov Mon Mar 11 07:04:23 1996 From: hendee at aoml.noaa.gov (James C. Hendee) Date: Mon, 11 Mar 1996 07:04:23 -0500 (EST) Subject: Research requests by subscribers In-Reply-To: <199603111050.FAA10013@reef.aoml.erl.gov> Message-ID: Greetings, Amorim! Requests like yours for basic research are better filled when they are not urgent and when you can get to a good library or do a literature search using DIALOG or other similar services. However, we have set up an area at our Home Page for gaining access to (hopefully) some key references in coral health research. In your particular instance, I would suggest going to our Literature Abstracts area at: http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/bib/lit.abstracts.html choose "Indexed by Senior Author", and search for the work of Dr. James Porter, and colleagues. In your particular case, I would think two good starting references would be: "Detecting Change in Coral Reef Communities: A Comparison of Survey Methods" (Meier, O. W. and J. W. Porter, 1991) and, "Species Profiles: Life Histories and Environmental Requirements of Coastal Fishes and Invertebrates (South Florida). Reef-building corals." (Porter, J. W, 1987). See the Page for complete journal citation. I realize the Literature Abstracts area is not up to date (1994, 95, 96 missing), but such are the problems with reduced funding for a project. Hope this helps... Sincerely yours, Jim Hendee +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~+ | James C. Hendee | Internet: hendee at aoml.noaa.gov| | Coral Health and | | | Monitoring Program | Voice: 305 361-4380 | | Ocean Chemistry Division | Fax: 305 361-4582 | | NOAA/AOML | COASTAL RBBS: 305 361-4524 | | 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway | | | Miami, FL 33149-1026 | http://coral.aoml.erl.gov | +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~+ On Mon, 11 Mar 1996, AMORIM wrote: > Date: Mon, 11 Mar 1996 10:40:02 gmt+0200 > From: AMORIM > To: coral-list at reef.aoml.noaa.gov > Subject: diversity indexes > > > > Dear all, > I'm doing a research work on comparing coral reef fishes in two > areas, using a video camera. > What I need to know, urgently, is how to compare, statisticly, > diversity indexes to see if they are significant. > Are there any scientific papers on similar studies? > I would appreciate it if you would help me. Thanks! > Sorry for any duplication! > > -- > amorim > From raronson at jaguar1.usouthal.edu Mon Mar 11 08:24:29 1996 From: raronson at jaguar1.usouthal.edu (Richard B. Aronson) Date: Mon, 11 Mar 1996 07:24:29 -0600 (CST) Subject: diversity indexes In-Reply-To: <199603111050.FAA10013@reef.aoml.erl.gov> Message-ID: Dear AMORIM, This reference will answer your questions about video transect methods: Aronson, R.B. et al. 1994. Large-scale, long-term monitoring of Caribbean coral reefs: simple, quick, inexpensive techniques. Atoll Research Bulletin 421:1-19. Rich Aronson ______________________________________________________________________________ Richard B. Aronson Dauphin Island Sea Lab P. O. Box 369-370 Dauphin Island, AL 36528 Voice: (334) 861-7567 Fax: (334) 861-7540 email: raronson at jaguar1.usouthal.edu On Mon, 11 Mar 1996, AMORIM wrote: > > > Dear all, > I'm doing a research work on comparing coral reef fishes in two > areas, using a video camera. > What I need to know, urgently, is how to compare, statisticly, > diversity indexes to see if they are significant. > Are there any scientific papers on similar studies? > I would appreciate it if you would help me. Thanks! > Sorry for any duplication! > > -- > amorim > From mnoah at gol.com Mon Mar 11 08:23:24 1996 From: mnoah at gol.com (Michael D. Noah) Date: Mon, 11 Mar 1996 22:23:24 +0900 (JST) Subject: diversity indexes Message-ID: <199603111323.WAA12841@gol1.gol.com> At 10:40 AM 3/11/96 gmt+0200, you wrote: > > >Dear all, >I'm doing a research work on comparing coral reef fishes in two >areas, using a video camera. >What I need to know, urgently, is how to compare, statisticly, >diversity indexes to see if they are significant. >Are there any scientific papers on similar studies? >I would appreciate it if you would help me. Thanks! >Sorry for any duplication! > >-- >amorim I'm sure that I'll be corrected quickly by this list membership if I'm wrong (and I'll start off by saying that I'm by no means a statistician), but I researched similarity and diversity indices in depth when I was still in my graduate program back in the early 80's. I've since held the view that for the most part, since diversity indices (or any index, for that matter - i.e., habitat suitability indices) attempt to represent in a single value (and lose much of that information in the process), the mass of "information" that exists in large, often multidimensional (species, space and time) data sets, statistical inferences between indices are usually meaningless. An example: two or more diversity indices can be identical in their respective values, but the underlying data upon which they are each based can be entirely different. I won't go into the mathematics here, but suffice it to say that you can generate the exact same diversity index (i.e., Shannon and Weaver's H') from any number of data sets, each differing from the others in the number of species, the number of individuals within each species, and even the composition of the community encountered. Since the indices can be identical, statistical tests will identify no significant difference between the data sets, yet these data sets can be widely divergent. I also recall reading once that species diversity indices in particular are often highly correlated with each other, due simply to the formula that is used to calculate them - I apologize, I don't recall off-hand the paper that I read that described this "phenomenon (?)," but I'd be happy to look it up in my collection if you're interested. Combining this problem with the failure of most data commonly encountered in ecological field studies to even closely satisfy the assumptions of classical statistical methods and probability theory (missing data, mixed data [binary, rank, quantitative], independent and normal error distributions, homogeneity of variances, additivity of effects, etc.), I think one would be hard pressed to stand on any statistically "significant differences" between two or more indices. I said "usually" above; there may be limited instances where indices can be used as predictor variables, IF considerable thought is given a priori to the underlying hypotheses and the potential relationships that may exist between the variables. Assume, for example, that you have an impacted area and a control area, and you want to develop an index that "describes" that impact. After sampling both areas and using the log-transformed abundance values of the species abundances encountered in a discriminant analysis, the linear additive discriminate function of the log-transformed species abundances would represent (by definition) the best predictor of that impact, and the most efficient test of the null hypothesis: "no impact." The definition of impacted and control areas could be incorporated into the analysis by first performing a cluster analysis to group the samples into faunally homogenous assemblages. If a two-group solution could somehow be interpreted as representing the impacted and control groups of samples that are spatially contiguous, discriminant analysis could be used to define an index of the faunal differences between those two groups. If, however, the two groups were *derived* by cluster analysis, then no significance test would be appropriate since the two groups were created from the outset so as to maximize the differences on the discriminating variables. However, if the groups were defined a priori, then tests of the null hypothesis in species composition between impacted and control areas may be appropriate. My suggestion: first, know what question you are asking, and then second, try to use a statistical method that retains more of the underlying biological information. As for papers that you might want to consider, try R. Pikul, 1974, Development of environmental indices, IN Statistical and mathematical aspects of pollution problems. J.W. Pratt (Ed.). Mercel Dekker, New York. Hope this helps Michael Noah _/ _/ _/ _/ _/ _/ _/ U.S. Navy, COMFLEACT Yokosuka _/_/ _/ _/_/ _/ _/ _/ _/ Environmental Department _/ _/ _/ _/ _/ _/ _/ _/_/ PSC 473 Box 1 Code 1000 _/ _/_/ _/_/_/_/ _/_/ _/ FPO AP 96349-1100 _/ _/ _/ _/ _/ _/ 243-7311 / 011-81-311-743-7311 FAX 243-9027 / 011-81-311-743-9027 Michael D. Noah mnoah at gol.com "Mother, mother ocean, I have heard your call" J. Buffett U N I V E R S I T Y o f N E B R A S K A C O R N H U S K E R S N a t i o n a l C h a m p i o n s 1 9 7 0 - 7 1 1 9 9 4 - 9 5 From AMORIM at mfca.uem.mz Mon Mar 11 18:31:48 1996 From: AMORIM at mfca.uem.mz (AMORIM) Date: Mon, 11 Mar 1996 18:31:48 gmt+0200 Subject: Research requests by subscribers Message-ID: <199603111643.LAA04351@aoml.noaa.gov> ------- Forwarded Message Follows ------- On Mon, 11 Mar 1996, Jim wrote: Greetings, Amorim! Requests like yours for basic research are better filled when they are not urgent and when you can get to a good library or do a literature search using DIALOG or other similar services. However, we have set up an area at our Home Page for gaining access to (hopefully) some key references in coral health research. In your particular instance, I would suggest going to our Literature Abstracts area at: http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/bib/lit.abstracts.html choose "Indexed by Senior Author", and search for the work of Dr. James Porter, and colleagues. In your particular case, I would think two good starting references would be: "Detecting Change in Coral Reef Communities: A Comparison of Survey Methods" (Meier, O. W. and J. W. Porter, 1991) and, "Species Profiles: Life Histories and Environmental Requirements of Coastal Fishes and Invertebrates (South Florida). Reef-building corals." (Porter, J. W, 1987). See the Page for complete journal citation. I realize the Literature Abstracts area is not up to date (1994, 95, 96 missing), but such are the problems with reduced funding for a project. Hope this helps... Sincerely yours, Jim Hendee +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~+ | James C. Hendee | Internet: hendee at aoml.noaa.gov| | Coral Health and | | | Monitoring Program | Voice: 305 361-4380 | | Ocean Chemistry Division | Fax: 305 361-4582 | | NOAA/AOML | COASTAL RBBS: 305 361-4524 | | 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway | | | Miami, FL 33149-1026 | http://coral.aoml.erl.gov | +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~+ On Mon, 11 Mar 1996, AMORIM wrote: > Date: Mon, 11 Mar 1996 10:40:02 gmt+0200 > From: AMORIM > To: coral-list at reef.aoml.noaa.gov > Subject: diversity indexes > > Dear all, > I'm doing a research work on comparing coral reef fishes in two > areas, using a video camera. > What I need to know, urgently, is how to compare, statisticly, > diversity indexes to see if they are significant. > Are there any scientific papers on similar studies? > I would appreciate it if you would help me. Thanks! > Sorry for any duplication! > > -- > amorim > Dear Jim, Thank you very much for your advise. If I'm not mistaken, the priority of my message was normal, although I wrote "urgently" on the message.I decided to ask for urgent help to the coral-list because I need the information before thursday to finish my prothocol and it's a subject that the Scientific Commission of Eduardo Mondlane's University (where I study) advised to include in my prothocol, last friday. I've searched on the library and found nothing. The library is also very poor in abstracts and the books, although very good and updated, are few. The reason why I did not try the Internet is because I cannot have access to it,yet, here in Mozambique. Even for the e-mail, I think this service is relative new in Mozambique. Once again, thank you very much for your message. -- amorim From POTTS.KENNARD at epamail.epa.gov Mon Mar 11 12:00:00 1996 From: POTTS.KENNARD at epamail.epa.gov (KENNARD POTTS 202-260-9178) Date: Mon, 11 Mar 1996 12:00:00 -0500 (EST) Subject: U.S. Reef Status Message-ID: <01I27N9N5XQA8X083F@mr.rtpnc.epa.gov> Can anyone identify a reference or documentation which would characterize a percentage of degradation of United States reefs? I know that Wilkinson was the basis for the International Coral Reef Initiative's global characterization of 10% of the worlds reefs being degraded beyond recovery. Has any similar work been done for the U.S. reefs? By U.S. reefs, this would include Florida, Hawaii, Virgin Islands, Puerto Rico, Guam, American Samoa and Northern Mariana. Any suggestions? Ken Potts U.S. EPA Oceans and Coastal Protection Division (4504F) 401 M Street, SW Washington, DC 20460 Email: POTTS.KENNARD at EPAMAIL.EPA.GOV Thanks, Ken From Bruce at esa.org Tue Mar 12 15:26:48 1996 From: Bruce at esa.org (Bruce at esa.org) Date: Tue, 12 Mar 1996 15:26:48 -0500 Subject: Injection Wells in West Maui (fwd) -Reply Message-ID: The Estuaries Section of the Americian Fisheries Society is looking for short articles, announcements (job, conferences, seminars), essays, poems, photos, etc. for the Spring Newsletter. Areas can include but are not limited to science, environment, industry, policy, litigation, economics, and education. Topics should be relevant to ecology, estuarine sciences, agricultural scienes, aquaculture and fisheries, etc. The spring deadline is March 31, 1996. Materials can be forwarded via email, fax, or mail. Please send contributions to: Bruce M. Kahn 2010 Massachusetts Ave., NW Suite 400 Washington, D.C. 20036 Tel: 202-833-8748 Fax: 202-833-8775 Internet: Bruce at esa.org The objective of the Estuaries Section of the American Fisheries Society is to encourage the exchange of information pertinent to the broad scope of multidisciplinary estuarine issues. From Rohan.Pratt at jcu.edu.au Wed Mar 13 03:04:01 1996 From: Rohan.Pratt at jcu.edu.au (Mr Rohan Pratt) Date: Wed, 13 Mar 1996 18:04:01 +1000 (EST) Subject: Coral Reef Restoration Message-ID: I have been working on restoring coral reefs by transplanting coral fragments for two years as my PhD. I have not yet published any of my work, but am happy to provide some general information on how to successfully transplant coral fragments. For those interested, write to me directly. I know of only a few researchers currently working on restoration, and would be keen to hear what anyone else is currently doing on this topic. Rohan Pratt Dept. Marine Biology James Cook University Qld, Australia From SOBELJ at dccmc.mhs.compuserve.com Wed Mar 13 12:44:08 1996 From: SOBELJ at dccmc.mhs.compuserve.com (Jack, Sobel) Date: 13 Mar 96 12:44:08 EST Subject: Fishing effects on coral Message-ID: <960313174407_555063.0_EHF74-1@CompuServe.COM> On March 8, William Moreno Caycedo requested information on the effects of fishing or overfishing on corals (see below). Although this important impact has been overlooked and underestimated by many, some particularly good work on this has been published by McClanahan etal on Kenyan coral reefs. Their work was made possible by the existance of "marine no-take reserves", areas closed to fishing, that enabled comparisons between fished and unfished areas. Their work suggests that, at least in Kenya, the impacts of overfishing/fishing on corals may be more important and severe than even widely recognized problems, such as those associated with eutrophication and sedimentation. Jack Sobel, Ecosystem Scientist Center for Marine Conservation sobelj at dccmc.mhs.compuserve.com From: William Moreno Caycedo To: coral-list at reef.aoml.noaa.gov Subject: Fishing and its effect on coral Message-ID: Date: Fri, 8 Mar 1996 13:11:46 +0000 (gmt) Priority: NORMAL X-Mailer: Simeon for Windows X-Authentication: none MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; CHARSET=US-ASCII Sender: owner-coral-list at reef.aoml.erl.gov Precedence: bulk To anybody Does anybody knows anything about the effects to coral by fishing (or overfishing) in a particular area of the world. At the moment I'm trying to study this problem but at this University (Canterbury U.K) there is not much information. I would be most grateful if someone could tell me where I can obtain this kind of info. Thanks William Moreno Durrel Intitute of Conservation and Biology wm1 at ukc.ac.uk From rgrigg at soest.hawaii.edu Wed Mar 13 18:19:18 1996 From: rgrigg at soest.hawaii.edu (Rick Grigg) Date: Wed, 13 Mar 1996 13:19:18 -1000 (HST) Subject: Fishing effects on coral In-Reply-To: <960313174407_555063.0_EHF74-1@CompuServe.COM> Message-ID: Dear Jack, For impacts of fishing on coral reefs, see also: Grigg, R.W. 1994. Effects of sewage, fishing pressure and habitat complexity on coral ecosystems and reef fishes in Hawaii. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Series 103:25-34. Richard Grigg On 13 Mar 1996, Jack, Sobel wrote: > On March 8, William Moreno Caycedo requested information on the effects > of fishing or overfishing on corals (see below). Although this important > impact has been overlooked and underestimated by many, some particularly > good work on this has been published by McClanahan etal on Kenyan coral > reefs. Their work was made possible by the existance of "marine no-take > reserves", areas closed to fishing, that enabled comparisons between > fished and unfished areas. Their work suggests that, at least in Kenya, > the impacts of overfishing/fishing on corals may be more important and > severe than even widely recognized problems, such as those associated > with eutrophication and sedimentation. > > Jack Sobel, Ecosystem Scientist > Center for Marine Conservation > sobelj at dccmc.mhs.compuserve.com > > From: William Moreno Caycedo > To: coral-list at reef.aoml.noaa.gov > Subject: Fishing and its effect on coral > Message-ID: > Date: Fri, 8 Mar 1996 13:11:46 +0000 (gmt) > Priority: NORMAL > X-Mailer: Simeon for Windows > X-Authentication: none > MIME-Version: 1.0 > Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; CHARSET=US-ASCII > Sender: owner-coral-list at reef.aoml.erl.gov > Precedence: bulk > > To anybody > > Does anybody knows anything about the effects to coral by fishing (or > overfishing) in a particular area of the world. > At the moment I'm trying to study this problem but at this University > (Canterbury U.K) there is not much information. I would be most grateful > > if someone could tell me where I can obtain this kind of info. > > Thanks > > William Moreno > > Durrel Intitute of Conservation and Biology > wm1 at ukc.ac.uk > > > > From SOBELJ at dccmc.mhs.compuserve.com Wed Mar 13 19:18:59 1996 From: SOBELJ at dccmc.mhs.compuserve.com (Jack, Sobel) Date: 13 Mar 96 19:18:59 EST Subject: Fishing effects on cora Message-ID: <960314001859_555063.0_EHF44-1@CompuServe.COM> After an earlier posting regarding work done on the effects of fishing on Kenyan coral reefs by McClanahan etal, I received requests for more specific reference information. There are actually a number of articles on this subject by this group. Among the more recent are: McClanahan, T.R. & D. Obura. 1995. Status of Kenyan Coral Reefs. Coastal Management 23:57-76. McClanahan, T.R. 1995. Fish predators and scavengersof the sea urchin Echinometra Mathaei in Kenyan coral-reef parks. Env. Biol. of Fishes 43:187-193. McClanahan, T.R. 1995. A coral reef ecosystem-fisheries: impacts of fishing intensity and catch selection on reef structure and processes. Ecolocical Modelling 80(1995):1-19. McClanahan, T.R. 1994. Kenyan coral reef lagoon fish: effects of fishing, substate complexity, and sea urchins. Coral Reefs (1994) 13:231-241. Jack Sobel, Ecosystem Scientist Center for Marine Conservation sobelj at dccmc.mhs.compuserve.com Original Message: Jack, Do you have a complete reference for the McClanahan publication, or an address for him so I can request a reprint? Thanks Bruce Carlson Waikiki Aquarium On 13 Mar 1996, Jack, Sobel wrote: > On March 8, William Moreno Caycedo requested information on the effects > of fishing or overfishing on corals (see below). Although this important > impact has been overlooked and underestimated by many, some particularly > good work on this has been published by McClanahan etal on Kenyan coral > reefs. Their work was made possible by the existance of "marine no-take > reserves", areas closed to fishing, that enabled comparisons between > fished and unfished areas. Their work suggests that, at least in Kenya, > the impacts of overfishing/fishing on corals may be more important and > severe than even widely recognized problems, such as those associated > with eutrophication and sedimentation. > > Jack Sobel, Ecosystem Scientist > Center for Marine Conservation > sobelj at dccmc.mhs.compuserve.com > > From: William Moreno Caycedo > To: coral-list at reef.aoml.noaa.gov > Subject: Fishing and its effect on coral > Message-ID: > Date: Fri, 8 Mar 1996 13:11:46 +0000 (gmt) > Priority: NORMAL > X-Mailer: Simeon for Windows > X-Authentication: none > MIME-Version: 1.0 > Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; CHARSET=US-ASCII > Sender: owner-coral-list at reef.aoml.erl.gov > Precedence: bulk > > To anybody > > Does anybody knows anything about the effects to coral by fishing (or > overfishing) in a particular area of the world. > At the moment I'm trying to study this problem but at this University > (Canterbury U.K) there is not much information. I would be most grateful > > if someone could tell me where I can obtain this kind of info. > > Thanks > > William Moreno > > Durrel Intitute of Conservation and Biology > wm1 at ukc.ac.uk > > > > From XKDB at MUSICB.MCGILL.CA Wed Mar 13 20:40:25 1996 From: XKDB at MUSICB.MCGILL.CA (PAUZE,MARC,M) Date: Wed, 13 Mar 1996 20:40:25 EST Subject: No subject Message-ID: <13MAR96.22327657.0132.MUSIC@MUSICB.MCGILL.CA> Message: I'm looking for a picture of a coral head that is dead due to cyanide. It's for a poster presentation for a University course : Principles of ecology. If you have any interesting things for me, please send it to me. Marc Pauze E-mail : XKDB at MusicB.Mcgill.Ca From sjameson at coralseas.com Thu Mar 14 10:15:48 1996 From: sjameson at coralseas.com (Stephen C. Jameson) Date: Thu, 14 Mar 1996 10:15:48 -0500 Subject: U.S. Reef Status Message-ID: <199603141515.KAA22358@wizard.wizard.net> Dear Ken, In response to your 3/11/ question regarding the status of United States reefs. There are no - comprehensive - figures available on the percentage of degradation to coral reef ecosystems (or on just coral species in coral reef ecosystems) under United States jurisdiction. I define under U.S. jurisdiction as any coral reef ecosystem where United States environmental laws or regulations apply. Historically, most coral reef surveys have been limited to discrete reefs or species or have been time limited (Rogers 1985, Dustin and Halas 1987, Bythell et al. 1992, Porter and Meier 1992, Ginsburg 1994). The status and trends of complete coral reef ecosystems around entire islands or reef tracts have never been comprehensively evaluated because of the complexity, length of time, and cost of such endeavors. I did a paper for the National Biological Service on this topic. Jameson, S.C. 1995. Coral Reef Ecosystems. In: Our Living Resources: A Report to the Nation on the Distribution, Abundance, and Health of U.S. Plants, Animals, and Ecosystems. U.S. Department of the Interior, National Biological Sevice, Washington, D.C. pp 280-281. Copies of Our Living Resources are for sale through the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402, Stock #024-010-00708-7. Since you are with EPA you can probaly get a free copy by calling or writing: Michael Mac National Biological Service Status and Trends Report Manager Mailstop 3660-MIB 1849 C. St. NW Washington, DC 20240 phone: 202/482-2348 At the time of writing this paper the reefs under United States jurisdiction included: Western Atlantic, Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean: Florida Reef Tract Flower Garden Banks Puerto Rico U.S. Virgin Islands Pacific Ocean: Northwest and Main Hawaiian Islands Wake Island Johnston Atoll Northern Mariana Islands Guam Palmyra Island Kingman Reef Howland Island Baker Island Jarvis Island American Samoa Let me know if you need more details. Best regards, Dr. Stephen C. Jameson, President Coral Seas, Inc. - Integrated Coastal Zone Management 4254 Hungry Run Road The Plains, VA 20198-1715 USA 703/754-8690, 703/754-9139 (FAX) Internet: sjameson at coralseas.com From marshall at marinelab.sarasota.fl.us Thu Mar 14 15:43:07 1996 From: marshall at marinelab.sarasota.fl.us (Mike Marshall) Date: Thu, 14 Mar 1996 12:43:07 -0800 (PST) Subject: Research Literature for Miskito Coast Message-ID: To all - I am traveling to Nicaragua next week to continue work on estuarine and coral reef surveys within the Miskito Coast Reserve...a new protected area on the northeast coast of Nicaragua. We are collecting materials to establish a research library for the biologists who are charged with monitoring fisheries (shrimp, lobsters, groupers, snappers, snook, etc.) and environmental conditions (water quality, mangrove biology, seagrass ecology, coral monitoring,etc.) within the Reserve. If you have any extra literature (books, reprints, reports), on monitoring and research appropriate for this area, that you would like to donate to this effort please mail them to me at Mote Marine Lab. I will be traveling there on a regular schedule for the next several months. The northeast coast of Nicaragua, within the bounds of the MCR, has several very large and pristine estuaries, many small to large rivers, and many miles of completely undeveloped beaches. The Miskito Cays area is characterized by vast beds of seagrass and a complex reef ecosystem. Thus any papers on topics related to tropical estuaries, seagrass communities, and reefs would be most helpful. Thank you. Best regards, Mike Marshall MJM/MARBIO lstowner. """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" Michael J. Marshall, Ph.D. Mote Marine Laboratory marshall at marinelab.sarasota.fl.us Tropical Marine Ecology Program 941-388-4441/941-388-4312(fax) 1600 Thompson Parkway http://www.marinelab.sarasota.fl.us Sarasota, Florida 34236 USA """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" Mote Marine Lab is an independent, not-for-profit research organization From esh8 at columbia.edu Sun Mar 17 12:48:10 1996 From: esh8 at columbia.edu (Erika Haendel) Date: Sun, 17 Mar 1996 12:48:10 -0500 (EST) Subject: Debt-for-Nature Swap Message-ID: To All Interested Parties: I posted a note on the coral list several weeks ago concerning my senior thesis - "Using Debt-for-Nature Swaps as a Means to Protect Endangered Coral Reefs." I am currently working on the final part of my thesis which involves making recommendations for future debt-for-nature swaps which will protect endangered coral reefs. Unfortunately, it has been very difficult to find current information on threatened reefs. I have been using "Coral Reefs of the World Vol. 1-3," however, this was published in 1988 and I am concerned that this information may be out of date..... My question is, is the information on Disturbances and Deficiencies out of date? How much do these kinds of threats to coral reefs change over time? Would it be valid for me to use this data in my thesis? Furthermore, I am presently seeking information on human threats (sedimentation, land development, muro-ami fishing, etc.) to reefs contained within the borders of these countries: Egypt, India, Indonesia, Madagascar, Malaysia, Tanzania, Thailand, Colombia, Costa Rica, the Dominican Republic, Jamaica, Mexico, Panama and Venezuela. If anybody is working in any of these nations, or has worked in these nations and could describe the conditions of some of the reefs, as well as current human threats to these reefs, I would greatly appreciate your assistance. Also, if you know of any areas that should be given funding for coral reef protection (existing marine parks, "paper parks," or any other areas with threatened coral reefs) that would be very helpful as well. Thank you in advance for your time and assistance, Erika Haendel esh8 at columbia.edu From jpcarri at xaway.ciqro.conacyt.mx Mon Mar 18 13:30:30 1996 From: jpcarri at xaway.ciqro.conacyt.mx (Juan Pablo Carricart Ganivet) Date: Mon, 18 Mar 96 12:30:30 CST Subject: Looking for Information Message-ID: <16930.jpcarri@xaway.ciqro.conacyt.mx> Dear All: Does anyone knows the e-mail of Dr. J.E.N. Veron? Many advanced thanks Juan P. Carricart-Ganivet From pmuller at jaws.marine.usf.edu Mon Mar 18 15:40:33 1996 From: pmuller at jaws.marine.usf.edu (Pam Muller) Date: Mon, 18 Mar 1996 15:40:33 -0500 (EST) Subject: Bleaching Message-ID: <199603182040.PAA05786@jaws.marine.usf.edu> Two papers were published in late 1995 on bleaching in larger foraminifera with diatom endosymbionts: Talge, HK and Hallock, P. 1995. Cytological examination of symbiont loss in a benthic foraminifer, Amphistegina gibbosa. Marine Micropaleontology 26:107-113. Hallock, P., Talge, HK, Cockey, EM, and Muller, RG. 1995. A new disease in reef-dwelling foraminifera: Implications for coastal sedimentation. Journal of Foraminiferal Research 25:280-286. To summarize: "Bleaching" in Amphistegina in the Florida Keys began in summer 1991 and has continued since, increasing in the population each spring, peaking near the summer solstice, and with recovery in progress by late summer and continuing through winter months. Mottling and bleaching in individual forams are caused by progressive digestion of diatom endosymbionts, accompanied by progressive deterioration of the foram's cytoplasm (Talge and Hallock). Associated "symptoms" include anomalous shell breakage, shell-surface lesions that permit invasion by microborers and epibionts, and reproductive damage including deformed young and sometimes failure to calcify (Hallock et al.). Similar symptoms have been observed in Amphistegina spp. from the Bahamas; Jamaica; Heron Island, Australia; the western Australian shelf; and, to a lesser extent, in Belau, and Hawaii. If you are interested in looking for similar symptoms in Amphistegina on your reefs, please let me know and will send you a color photocopy of normal, mottled and bleached Amphistegina, collection instructions, and a copy of the Hallock et al. reprint. This problem is not insignificant. Amphistegina is normally an abundant reef-dwelling organism that is found nearly circumtropically (except the eastern tropical Pacific). Its shells account for substantial proportions of the sand-sized sediments in the coastal zones of Indo-Pacific islands (e.g., 20+% of Hawai'i's beach sands and 90+% of Kapingimarangi's). Loss of Amphistegina populations could have serious implications for coastal sedimentation in such areas if populations sustain long-term damage of the magnitude seen in Florida Keys populations over the past 5 years. Pamela Hallock, Professor Department of Marine Science University of South Florida 140 Seventh Avenue S. St. Petersburg, FL 33701 USA pmuller at seas.marine.usf.edu From nlbruce at ZMUC.KU.DK Tue Mar 19 10:05:00 1996 From: nlbruce at ZMUC.KU.DK (Bruce, Niel L. {ZMUC}) Date: Tue, 19 Mar 96 10:05:00 DST Subject: VERON ADDRESS Message-ID: <314E86C0@AKI.KU.DK> Juan P. Carricart-Ganivet asked: Does anyone knows the e-mail of Dr. J.E.N. Veron? Many advanced thanks If a direct e-mail address had been given, this message need not have gone to the whole group. AUSTRALIAN INSTITUTE OF MARINE SCIENCE http://www.aims.gov.au/pages/about.html ALPHABETICAL LISTING OF AIMS STAFF WITH CONTACT DETAILS http://www.aims.gov.au/pages/staff.html The telephone numbers for AIMS are: Cape Ferguson location: voice (077) 534 211 (International - +61 77 534 211) facsimile (077) 725 852 274 Veron, John (Charlie) Chief Scientist/Module 6 j.veron at aims.gov.au Niel L. Bruce Curator of Crustacea Zoologisk Museum, Universitetsparken 15, Copenhagen O, DK 2100 DENMARK Ph: +45 35 32 10 00; +45 35 32 10 21 (direct); FAX: +45 35 32 10 10. e-mail: ; home page: From sjameson at coralseas.com Tue Mar 19 16:42:41 1996 From: sjameson at coralseas.com (Stephen C. Jameson) Date: Tue, 19 Mar 1996 16:42:41 -0500 Subject: Debt-for-Nature Swap Message-ID: <199603192142.QAA03943@wizard.wizard.net> Dear Erika, The International Coral Reef Initiative (ICRI) State of the Reefs Report will give you: - a concise summary of what is known regarding the status and trends of coral reef ecosystems on a global and regional scale, - the consequences of coral reef ecosystem degradation to human populations, - and lists some of the major existing management and research programs. Jameson, S.C., J.W. McManus, and M.D. Spalding. 1995. State of the Reefs: Regional and Global Perspectives. International Coral Reef Initiative Executive Secretariat Background Paper, U.S. Departmenmt of State, Washington, D.C. Contact Dr. Peter Thomas, ICRI Coordinator (pthomas at state.gov) for a copy. The Reference Section of the State of the Reefs report lists most of the latest major studies on coral reef ecosystem health from around the world. These references will lead you to more specific studies. Best regards, Dr. Stephen C. Jameson, President Coral Seas, Inc. - Integrated Coastal Zone Management 4254 Hungry Run Road The Plains, VA 20198-1715 USA 703/754-8690, 703/754-9139 (FAX) Internet: sjameson at coralseas.com From coral at coral.aoml.noaa.gov Thu Mar 7 18:47:14 1996 From: coral at coral.aoml.noaa.gov (Coral Health and Monitoring Program) Date: Wed, 20 Mar 1996 11:47:14 +30000 Subject: Coral-List Archives Message-ID: The archives of this list-server are now updated fairly regularly (usually twice a day) and may be found off our Home Page at: http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/lists/archive.html As a side note, an even more comprehensive list of other marine science related mailing lists can now be found at: http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/lists/many_lists.html Take care... Sincerely yours, Jim Hendee From mschultz at ocean.ocean.fsu.edu Wed Mar 20 08:39:23 1996 From: mschultz at ocean.ocean.fsu.edu (mschultz at ocean.ocean.fsu.edu) Date: Wed, 20 Mar 1996 08:39:23 -0500 Subject: Mururoa Atoll Message-ID: <9603201336.AA21527@ocean.ocean.fsu.edu> Dear Colleagues, Does anyone have information or citations on studies done on the basement and carbonate aquifer circulation at Mururoa and Fangataufa Atolls. We have had some interesting discussions concerning contamination of lagoon waters, etc. from the French nuclear testing. Regards, Mike Schultz Mike Schultz Graduate Researcher Department of Oceanography Florida State University Tallahassee, FL 32306-3048 mschultz at ocean.fsu.edu GO SEMINOLES!!! From mschultz at ocean.ocean.fsu.edu Wed Mar 20 08:35:02 1996 From: mschultz at ocean.ocean.fsu.edu (mschultz at ocean.ocean.fsu.edu) Date: Wed, 20 Mar 1996 08:35:02 -0500 Subject: Job Search Message-ID: <9603201332.AA21511@ocean.ocean.fsu.edu> Dear Colleagues, My name is Michael Schultz. I am currently employed as a graduate researcher in the Department of Oceanography at Florida State University under the direction of Dr. William C. Burnett. I will complete the requirements for the degree M. S. Geochemical Oceanography in the coming summer and actively seeking new opportunities. I am happily married with a wonderful wife and a beautiful almost three year old daughter. My area of research has centered on the behavior of natural decay-series (geochronology of marine phosphorites and carbonates) and authagenic radionuclides (actinide fractionation in marine sediments and soils) in the environment. I have a strong background in alpha- and gamma-spectroscopy, with experience in the latest instrumentation and alpha- and gamma-spec analysis software and also the latest radiochemical separations techniques by extraction chromatographic methods and field experience in sample collection. I have an excellent background in the preparation of effective oral presentations for national meetings and conferences and outstanding writing abilities. I am interested in a postion which will utilize and expand upon the experience and expertise (including both research oriented and nonresearch positions in environmental sciences) which I have gained thus far in my career. Please see; http://ocean.fsu.edu/oce/mschultz/index.html for more information including links to abstracts of presentations and publications. I would appreciate any comments, suggestions and advice. I would be very pleased to send a copy of a current CV along with excellent references to interested parties. Please respond directly (mschultz at ocean.fsu.edu) Thank you. Sincerely, Michael Schultz Mike Schultz Graduate Researcher Department of Oceanography Florida State University Tallahassee, FL 32306-3048 mschultz at ocean.fsu.edu GO SEMINOLES!!! From Sue.Wells at wcmc.org.uk Wed Mar 20 12:55:54 1996 From: Sue.Wells at wcmc.org.uk (Sue.Wells at wcmc.org.uk) Date: Wed, 20 Mar 96 17:55:54 GMT Subject: Information on reefs Message-ID: <9603201810.AA02106@wcmc.org.uk> With apologies to John McManus at ICLARM, if I am usurping his right to reply, and to all those who are already familiar with the following projects. This message is for anyone seeking information on threats to reefs, reef management etc. (and there have been several queries in recent weeks). The IUCN/UNEP volumes 'Coral Reefs of the World' 1988/89 remain the only detailed global compilation of this type of information. Some of the detail is out of date but, depressingly, the overall picture is still the same and probably worse as far as threats are concerned. There are however many more protected areas and conservation projects. For information on more recent work, the first place to contact is ICLARM in Manila in the Philippines where a computerised database is being established that provides the same type of information but on a larger-scale and with time-series data - John McManus is running the project (J.MCMANUS at CGNET.COM). If you want information on mapping of reefs you should contact Mark Spalding at the World Conservation Monitoring Centre (mark.spalding at wcmc.org.uk). You can find further information on these projects in Reef Encounter, the newsletter of the International Society for Reef Studies. Sue Wells Cambridge, UK (sue.wells at wcmc.org.uk) From eakin at ogp.noaa.gov Wed Mar 20 15:38:36 1996 From: eakin at ogp.noaa.gov (Mark Eakin) Date: 20 Mar 1996 15:38:36 -0500 Subject: FWD>Press Release -First La Message-ID: Mail*Link(r) SMTP FWD>Press Release -First Large Scale Transplant/Hawaii FYI. I am merely forwarding the message and have no further information on this. For further information, please see contacts in press release. Mark ------------------------------------------ Southwest Region, Pacific Area Office, 2570 Dole Street, Room 106, Honolulu, HI 96822. FOR INFORMATION CONTACT: FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE: John Naughton March 20,1996 at (808) 973-2940 (Honolulu, HI) or Sue Smith (619) 546-7070 (San Diego, CA) FIRST LARGE-SCALE TRANSPLANT OF LIVE CORAL TAKES PLACE IN HAWAII In the first large-scale coral transplant project ever conducted, nearly fourteen tons of live corals have been successfully transplanted from one location to another in Kawaihae Bay, Hawaii, the Commerce Department's National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration announced today. The project was recommended by NOAA's National Marine Fisheries Service and funded by the U.S.Army Corps of Engineers to mitigate coral loss during proposed harbor construction and to restore nearby reefs. "The Kawaihae project has been an unprecedented success, with ninety-nine percent of the coral surviving relocation," said Hilda Diaz Soltero, Director of NMFS' Southwest Region. "This study proves that large quantities of these living animals can survive the trauma of transplant." The coral was transplanted from areas that will be disrupted by harbor construction that begins next week , and will be moved from holding areas to reefs damaged during past harbor construction in the bay. Since September, live corals have been taken from the "footprints" of three proposed new breakwaters and relocated to a large stockpile site and seven experimental sites ranging from 10 to 50 feet of water all within a half mile of the proposed small boat harbor at Kawaihae. Participants in the project include NMFS, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Corps of Engineers, State of Hawaii Division of Aquatic Resources, and the staff and students of the University of Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology and Hawaii Preparatory Academy. "Volunteer divers from the Science Department of Hawaii Preparatory Academy have been instrumental the transplant effort," said John Naughton, Pacific Island Environmental Coordinator for NMFS' Southwest Region. Coral heads were carefully detached by divers and gently placed in large wire trays which were then lifted up off the bottom and transported while still submerged to transplant sites by boat. "We'll continue to monitor coral transplant sites during and after the nearby harbor construction to see how they fare," said Naughton. Students and staff from University of Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology are under contract to monitor the transplant sites for three years to obtain data on the growth rates and mortality of the coral. The coral animals themselves are tiny, cuplike creatures with soft, fragile bodies about which they secrete a hard stony skeleton. They emerge only at night when their tentacles expand to sweep the sea for planktonic food. Restored coral reefs should provide new habitat for many species of fish and sea turtles. The National Marine Fisheries Service, an agency of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, studies and manages U.S. living marine resources and is responsible for the protection of marine mammals and sea turtles as well as marine habitats and endangered species. ***VIDEO FOOTAGE AVAILABLE*** ### From pecheux at eureka.meta.fr Wed Mar 20 16:41:06 1996 From: pecheux at eureka.meta.fr (pecheux at eureka.meta.fr) Date: Wed, 20 Mar 96 21:41:06 GMT Subject: REVIEW ON BLEACHING Message-ID: <9603202141.AA10189@innet.meta.fr> >From Pecheux, 150p; 650 refs.(515 Ko) version 3 available at : http://coral.nooa.gov/temp/bleach or /bleach.html Original works in annexes. " net. Problems with html/ascii/text file resolve within weeks with version 4 (50 refs more). Commetaries wellcome. At request,Mac disk by mail (3$) Bab's bleaching is due to CO2 ! From eakin at ogp.noaa.gov Wed Mar 20 17:14:10 1996 From: eakin at ogp.noaa.gov (Mark Eakin) Date: 20 Mar 1996 17:14:10 -0500 Subject: Information on reefs Message-ID: Reply to: RE>Information on reefs Another source of information regarding reef status has come from efforts of the International Coral Reef Initiative. Documents presented at the Philippines-hosted International Coral Reef Initiative Workshop in June 1995 provided a concise comprehensive global summary of coral reef status. The State of the Reefs and six regional status documents (Tropical Americas, South Asia, Western Indian Ocean, East Asia, Pacific and Middle East) began this process of evaluating the environments, the major threats and opportunities for improved management. These reports should build on the excellent foundation established by Sue Wells' volume, 'Coral Reefs of the World'. >From June 1995 through February 1996, regional meetings have continued this process, often revising or discussing revisions needed in the regional status documents. Further revision of these regional reports will be presented at the 8th International Coral Reef Symposium in Panama in a session to be chaired by Drs. Bernard Salvat and Clive Wilkinson. These State of the Reefs report and regional documents should be available from the ICRI Secretariat at: International Coral Reef Initiative US Department of State-Room 4325, 2201 C St NW, Washington, DC 20520 e-mail: pthomas at state.gov Phone: 1-202-647-0658 Fax: 1-202-647-5247 While there is not a formal ICRI web site yet, ICRI information is available through the CHAMP web site (http://coral.aoml.erl.gov). __________________________________________________________ C. Mark Eakin, Ph.D. NOAA/Global Programs, 1100 Wayne Ave., Suite 1210 Silver Spring, MD USA 20910-5603 Voice: 301-427-2089 ext. 19 Fax: 301-427-2073 Internet: eakin at ogp.noaa.gov From PATTERSON_M at harpo.dep.state.fl.us Wed Mar 20 15:44:00 1996 From: PATTERSON_M at harpo.dep.state.fl.us (Patterson, Matt E) Date: Wed, 20 Mar 1996 15:44:00 -0500 (EST) Subject: Diadema dieoffs in the 1980's Message-ID: <01I2KJ209TYE001ICA@mr.dep.state.fl.us> I am in the process of compiling information about the dieoff events of Diadema antillarum in the Florida Keys as well as the rest of the Caribbean. I am interested in both information about the mid-eighties dieoff as well as any information on more recent events (Forcucci,1994). Any advice or information would be greatly appreciated. Matt Patterson Florida Marine Research Institute Coral Reef Research Team e-mail: Patterson_m at harpo.dep.state.fl.us From SOBELJ at dccmc.mhs.compuserve.com Wed Mar 20 19:04:36 1996 From: SOBELJ at dccmc.mhs.compuserve.com (Jack, Sobel) Date: 20 Mar 96 19:04:36 EST Subject: FWD>Press Release -First La Message-ID: <960321000436_555063.0_EHF59-1@CompuServe.COM> Response to recent posting by Mark Eaking below of Press Release on Large-scale coral reef removal and replanting: Let's not forget what mitigation projects are all about, at best they are designed to minimize or make-up for damage/destruction. While transplanting mitigation may beat reef annihilation, the destruction of natural reefs for port development hardly seems worthy of hoopla and celebration. Even if necessary, it seems that we should be saddened somewhat by the price we must pay in lost natural habitat. Furthermore, to declare the project an overwhelming success story because most of the transplanted corals are still alive a few months after the initial reef removal and transplant seems especially ludicrous. Am I missing something here? Original message follows: Mail*Link(r) SMTP FWD>Press Release -First Large Scale Transplant/Hawaii FYI. I am merely forwarding the message and have no further information on this. For further information, please see contacts in press release. Mark ------------------------------------------ Southwest Region, Pacific Area Office, 2570 Dole Street, Room 106, Honolulu, HI 96822. FOR INFORMATION CONTACT: FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE: John Naughton March 20,1996 at (808) 973-2940 (Honolulu, HI) or Sue Smith (619) 546-7070 (San Diego, CA) FIRST LARGE-SCALE TRANSPLANT OF LIVE CORAL TAKES PLACE IN HAWAII In the first large-scale coral transplant project ever conducted, nearly fourteen tons of live corals have been successfully transplanted from one location to another in Kawaihae Bay, Hawaii, the Commerce Department's National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration announced today. The project was recommended by NOAA's National Marine Fisheries Service and funded by the U.S.Army Corps of Engineers to mitigate coral loss during proposed harbor construction and to restore nearby reefs. "The Kawaihae project has been an unprecedented success, with ninety-nine percent of the coral surviving relocation," said Hilda Diaz Soltero, Director of NMFS' Southwest Region. "This study proves that large quantities of these living animals can survive the trauma of transplant." The coral was transplanted from areas that will be disrupted by harbor construction that begins next week , and will be moved from holding areas to reefs damaged during past harbor construction in the bay. Since September, live corals have been taken from the "footprints" of three proposed new breakwaters and relocated to a large stockpile site and seven experimental sites ranging from 10 to 50 feet of water all within a half mile of the proposed small boat harbor at Kawaihae. Participants in the project include NMFS, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Corps of Engineers, State of Hawaii Division of Aquatic Resources, and the staff and students of the University of Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology and Hawaii Preparatory Academy. "Volunteer divers from the Science Department of Hawaii Preparatory Academy have been instrumental the transplant effort," said John Naughton, Pacific Island Environmental Coordinator for NMFS' Southwest Region. Coral heads were carefully detached by divers and gently placed in large wire trays which were then lifted up off the bottom and transported while still submerged to transplant sites by boat. "We'll continue to monitor coral transplant sites during and after the nearby harbor construction to see how they fare," said Naughton. Students and staff from University of Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology are under contract to monitor the transplant sites for three years to obtain data on the growth rates and mortality of the coral. The coral animals themselves are tiny, cuplike creatures with soft, fragile bodies about which they secrete a hard stony skeleton. They emerge only at night when their tentacles expand to sweep the sea for planktonic food. Restored coral reefs should provide new habitat for many species of fish and sea turtles. The National Marine Fisheries Service, an agency of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, studies and manages U.S. living marine resources and is responsible for the protection of marine mammals and sea turtles as well as marine habitats and endangered species. ***VIDEO FOOTAGE AVAILABLE*** ### From ww_gardiner at ccmail.pnl.gov Thu Mar 21 01:38:00 1996 From: ww_gardiner at ccmail.pnl.gov (ww_gardiner at ccmail.pnl.gov) Date: Wed, 20 Mar 1996 22:38 -0800 (PST) Subject: FWD>Press Release -First La Message-ID: <01I2KTMAT06Q93626C@pnl.gov> Mitigation should certainly be considered a late option. Perhaps the real reason to celebrate is that these methods may prove useful for reestablishing reefs destroyed by other means or from previous damage. To declare the project an "overwhelming success" after a short time seems a bit premature, but hopeful. Most wetland mitigation projects are observed over a period of years before they are considered a success. Some may do quite well for the first year or so, only to crash later on. Bill Gardiner Battelle Marine Sciences Lab ______________________________ Reply Separator _________________________________ Subject: Re: FWD>Press Release -First La Author: SOBELJ at dccmc.mhs.compuserve.com at -SMTPlink Date: 3/20/96 4:04 PM Response to recent posting by Mark Eaking below of Press Release on Large-scale coral reef removal and replanting: Let's not forget what mitigation projects are all about, at best they are designed to minimize or make-up for damage/destruction. While transplanting mitigation may beat reef annihilation, the destruction of natural reefs for port development hardly seems worthy of hoopla and celebration. Even if necessary, it seems that we should be saddened somewhat by the price we must pay in lost natural habitat. Furthermore, to declare the project an overwhelming success story because most of the transplanted corals are still alive a few months after the initial reef removal and transplant seems especially ludicrous. Am I missing something here? Original message follows: Mail*Link(r) SMTP FWD>Press Release -First Large Scale Transplant/Hawaii FYI. I am merely forwarding the message and have no further information on this. For further information, please see contacts in press release. Mark ------------------------------------------ Southwest Region, Pacific Area Office, 2570 Dole Street, Room 106, Honolulu, HI 96822. FOR INFORMATION CONTACT: FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE: John Naughton March 20,1996 at (808) 973-2940 (Honolulu, HI) or Sue Smith (619) 546-7070 (San Diego, CA) FIRST LARGE-SCALE TRANSPLANT OF LIVE CORAL TAKES PLACE IN HAWAII In the first large-scale coral transplant project ever conducted, nearly fourteen tons of live corals have been successfully transplanted from one location to another in Kawaihae Bay, Hawaii, the Commerce Department's National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration announced today. The project was recommended by NOAA's National Marine Fisheries Service and funded by the U.S.Army Corps of Engineers to mitigate coral loss during proposed harbor construction and to restore nearby reefs. "The Kawaihae project has been an unprecedented success, with ninety-nine percent of the coral surviving relocation," said Hilda Diaz Soltero, Director of NMFS' Southwest Region. "This study proves that large quantities of these living animals can survive the trauma of transplant." The coral was transplanted from areas that will be disrupted by harbor construction that begins next week , and will be moved from holding areas to reefs damaged during past harbor construction in the bay. Since September, live corals have been taken from the "footprints" of three proposed new breakwaters and relocated to a large stockpile site and seven experimental sites ranging from 10 to 50 feet of water all within a half mile of the proposed small boat harbor at Kawaihae. Participants in the project include NMFS, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Corps of Engineers, State of Hawaii Division of Aquatic Resources, and the staff and students of the University of Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology and Hawaii Preparatory Academy. "Volunteer divers from the Science Department of Hawaii Preparatory Academy have been instrumental the transplant effort," said John Naughton, Pacific Island Environmental Coordinator for NMFS' Southwest Region. Coral heads were carefully detached by divers and gently placed in large wire trays which were then lifted up off the bottom and transported while still submerged to transplant sites by boat. "We'll continue to monitor coral transplant sites during and after the nearby harbor construction to see how they fare," said Naughton. Students and staff from University of Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology are under contract to monitor the transplant sites for three years to obtain data on the growth rates and mortality of the coral. The coral animals themselves are tiny, cuplike creatures with soft, fragile bodies about which they secrete a hard stony skeleton. They emerge only at night when their tentacles expand to sweep the sea for planktonic food. Restored coral reefs should provide new habitat for many species of fish and sea turtles. The National Marine Fisheries Service, an agency of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, studies and manages U.S. living marine resources and is responsible for the protection of marine mammals and sea turtles as well as marine habitats and endangered species. ***VIDEO FOOTAGE AVAILABLE*** ### From thomassi at com.univ-mrs.fr Thu Mar 21 05:03:29 1996 From: thomassi at com.univ-mrs.fr (Bernard A. THOMASSIN) Date: Thu, 21 Mar 1996 11:03:29 +0100 Subject: Books on Mururoa and Fangatofa atolls. Answer to mschultz Message-ID: Dear, As coral reef ecologist quiet well known since near 30 years in our coral reef communinity, and as member of the scientific council of the "Direction des Centres d'Exp?rimentations nucl?aires" (with my friend Prof. Bernard SALVAT, and other french scientists involve in studies), head of the nuclear tests in Mururoa and Fangataufa atolls, I have to inform you that you could find revelant informations on these atolls and the nuclear tests in the 3 books published by the Minist?re de la D?fense/DIRCEN and the scientific editor MASSON, ed. in Paris, Milan & Barcelone, These 3 books (a 4rth is in preparartion) are entitled : "Les atolls de Mururoa et de Fangataufa (Polyn?sie fran?aise". Tome 1. 1993. G?ologie, P?trologie, Hydrog?ologie, ?dification et ?volution des ?difices. (= Geology, petrology, building and evolution of the edifice) by G. GUILLE, G. GOUTIERE, J.F. SORNEIN, with coll. of D. BUIGHES, C. GUY, A. GACHON : 168 pp. 82 fig. ISBN n : 2-11-087427-9. (this volume deals with the hydrogeological problems of atolls) Tome 2. 1995. Les exp?rimentations nucl?aires. Effets m?caniques, lumino-thermiques, ?lectromagnetiques.(= The nuclear tests. Mecanical, ligh-thermic and electromagnetic effect) by J. BOUCHEZ, R. LECOMTE, with the coll. of J. BRUGIES, Ch. GUERRINI, J.F. SORNEIN, J.-L. PLANTET, E. BLANC : 189 pp., >16 fig. ISBN n : 2-225- 84906-4. Tome 3. 1995. Le milieu vivant et son ?volution.(= The living environment and its evolution) by J.P. BABLET, B. GOUT, G. GOUTIERE, with the coll. of J.Y. TREGUIER, F. POIRRIER and H. TYMEN : 307 pp., 87 fig. ISBN n : 2-225-84907-2. The first issues of these well documented books (written for scientist and graduate student levels) are in french (of course !), but english issues are published or in preparation. But I know from my experience, that when a scientist want to read an interesting book or paper he could always ask the help of colleague, or a foreingh student in stage in the lab., university, and so on...to have a short translation. So before to discuss, please get the informations..."at the fount of the knowledge". Sincerely yours and Best regards to all knowing me. Bernard A. Thomassin Bernard A. THOMASSIN Centre d'Oc?anologie de Marseille (CNRS-URA n 41), Station marine d'Endoume, traverse de la Batterie des Lions, 13007 Marseille, France. t?l.lab.: (33) 91 04 16 17 t?l. home: (33) 91 40 35 24 (if Urgent) fax: (33) 91 04 16 35 e-mail: thomassi at com.univ-mrs.fr From wm1 at ukc.ac.uk Thu Mar 21 06:40:14 1996 From: wm1 at ukc.ac.uk (William Moreno Caycedo) Date: Thu, 21 Mar 1996 11:40:14 +0000 (gmt) Subject: Belize Coastal Zone Management Project Message-ID: Dear all Does anybody knows the e-mail adress for someone involved in the Belize Coastal Zone Management Project or the adress of an organisation taking part in the project. Thanks William Moreno Durrel Institute of Conservation wm1 at ukc.ac.uk From coral at coral.aoml.noaa.gov Fri Mar 8 15:30:50 1996 From: coral at coral.aoml.noaa.gov (Coral Health and Monitoring Program) Date: Thu, 21 Mar 1996 08:30:50 +30000 Subject: Personal Marketing Message-ID: Dear coral-list subscribers, It has come to my attention by several subscribers that the coral-list may not be the best forum for marketing of personal skills (job hunting) or publications unrelated to coral health. Therefore, I would like to ask the cooperation of the subscribers that they not post personal qualifications for job appointments to the coral-list. However, if enough subscribers are interested (AND if we get any further funding!), I will consider placing a special section on our World-Wide Web Home Page for personnel related issues. If you have any other ideas or thoughts regarding this topic, please let me know, as we *do* want to keep our best minds at work doing something they like! If you feel this *is* the forum for posting new job availabilities, then I would appreciate knowing this, too. Please send your messages directly to me (hendee at aoml.noaa.gov), instead of the whole list, if you wish your position to remain confidential. Many thanks for your thoughts and gracious consideration. Sincerely yours, Jim Hendee coral-list Administrator From eakin at ogp.noaa.gov Thu Mar 21 11:23:03 1996 From: eakin at ogp.noaa.gov (Mark Eakin) Date: 21 Mar 1996 11:23:03 -0500 Subject: Diadema dieoffs in the 1 Message-ID: Reply to: RE>Diadema dieoffs in the 1980's Some of the papers on the dieoff and subsequent effects are: Carpenter, R. C. (1985). "Sea urchin mass-mortality: effects on reef algal abundance, species composition, and metabolism and other coral reefherbivores. Abstract." Proceedings of the Fifth International Coral Reef Congress, Tahiti 4: 53. Carpenter, R. C. (1988). "Mass mortality of a Caribbean sea urchin: immediate effects on community metabolism and other herbivores." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 85: 511-514. Carpenter, R. C. (1990). "Mass mortality of Diadema antillarum II. Effects on population densities and grazing intensity of parrotfishes and surgeonfishes." Marine Biology 104: 79-86. Carpenter, R. C. (1990). "Mass mortality of Diadema antillarum I. Long-term effects on sea urchin population-dynamics and coral reef algal communities." Marine Biology 104: 67-77. Liddell, W. D. and S. L. Ohlhorst (1986). "Changes in benthic community composition following the mass mortality of Diadema at Jamaica." Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 95(3): 271-278. Lessios, H. A., P. W. Glynn, et al. (1983). "Mass mortalities of coral reef organisms." Science 222: 715. -------------------------------------- Date: 3/20/96 6:16 PM To: Mark Eakin From: Patterson, Matt E I am in the process of compiling information about the dieoff events of Diadema antillarum in the Florida Keys as well as the rest of the Caribbean. I am interested in both information about the mid-eighties dieoff as well as any information on more recent events (Forcucci,1994). Any advice or information would be greatly appreciated. Matt Patterson Florida Marine Research Institute Coral Reef Research Team e-mail: Patterson_m at harpo.dep.state.fl.us ------------------ RFC822 Header Follows ------------------ Received: by ogp.noaa.gov with SMTP;20 Mar 1996 18:13:44 -0500 Received: by reef.aoml.noaa.gov (940816.SGI.8.6.9/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id WAA22610; Wed, 20 Mar 1996 22:42:59 GMT Received: from epic66.dep.state.fl.us by reef.aoml.erl.gov via ESMTP (940816.SGI.8.6.9/930416.SGI) for id RAA22605; Wed, 20 Mar 1996 17:42:57 -0500 Received: from mr.dep.state.fl.us by EPIC66.DEP.STATE.FL.US (PMDF V5.0-4 #7204) id <01I2KJ1Z0JXC001ICA at EPIC66.DEP.STATE.FL.US> for CORAL-LIST at REEF.AOML.NOAA.GOV; Wed, 20 Mar 1996 17:36:49 -0500 (EST) Received: with PMDF-MR; Wed, 20 Mar 1996 17:36:40 -0500 (EST) MR-Received: by mta ARM1; Relayed; Wed, 20 Mar 1996 17:36:40 -0500 MR-Received: by mta EPIC66; Relayed; Wed, 20 Mar 1996 17:36:40 -0500 Date: Wed, 20 Mar 1996 15:44:00 -0500 (EST) From: "Patterson, Matt E" Subject: Diadema dieoffs in the 1980's To: CORAL-LIST at reef.aoml.noaa.gov Message-id: <01I2KJ209TYE001ICA at mr.dep.state.fl.us> MIME-version: 1.0 Content-type: TEXT/PLAIN; CHARSET=US-ASCII Content-transfer-encoding: 7BIT Priority: normal UA-content-id: WPCORP X400-MTS-identifier: [;04637102306991/173234 at ARM1] Hop-count: 2 Sender: owner-coral-list at reef.aoml.erl.gov Precedence: bulk From adiaz at calafia.uabcs.mx Thu Mar 21 15:09:16 1996 From: adiaz at calafia.uabcs.mx (Ayax R. Diaz R.) Date: Thu, 21 Mar 1996 14:09:16 -0600 (CST) Subject: Looking for M. E. Huber Message-ID: Dear all: Does anybody knows the e-mail address of PhD M. E. Huber? He was working in 1987 in the Marine Biology Research Division, A002, Scripps Institution of Oceanography; the subject of his work was a little simbiont of corals, the crab Trapezia. I'm working on an ecological experiment with corals and their crabs so I need all the information I can get. If anyone in this organization could help me sending all related information I would really thank you all. Hope someone answer this message. Thanks Ayax Rolando Diaz Ruiz Reef Fauna Proyect - Biologia Marina - UABCS Km. 5.5 Carretera al Sur, Apto. Postal 19 - B C.P. 23080. La Paz, B. C. S. Mexico. E-mail adiaz at calafia.uabcs.mx From coral at coral.aoml.noaa.gov Sat Mar 9 04:29:51 1996 From: coral at coral.aoml.noaa.gov (Coral Health and Monitoring Program) Date: Thu, 21 Mar 1996 21:29:51 +30000 Subject: Coral Researchers Directory Message-ID: Since we are all gathered here to discuss coral health, it is tempting to say, "Oh, by the way, do you know where I can find Dr. Whomever?" To that end, I will construct a Coral Researchers Directory (although I can't make it real fancy at this time), and I'll try to make it easy for you to add your name and personal information, should you choose to do so. That way, we can all check the directory, rather than flood the list with "Whither Dr. Feelgood?" types of messages. To add your name to the Coral Researchers Directory send the following information to: lagoon at coral.aoml.noaa.gov with your name (Last Name, First Name) in the Subject line of your message: Name: (How you'd like it to appear, e.g., Vice-Pres. Al Gore) Title: Institution: Address Line 1: Address Line 2: Address Line 3: City: State or Province: Country: Business Phone: Business Fax: E-mail: Other info: (Let 'er rip, up to, say, 20 lines, if you'd like.) I know some of you may be tired from staying up all night slaving over a hot microscope, but PLEASE be careful to only send this information to: lagoon at coral.aoml.noaa.gov and not to any of the other various addresses associated with this program. I really appreciate your help and cooperation. I'll post the whereabouts of the Directory after I get enough names (and enough time!). The Directory will hopefully be updated fairly routinely, say, two or three times a week. I hope this helps facilitate networking of the coral research community. Take care... Sincerely yours, Jim Hendee coral-list administrator From Metzger at hboi.edu Fri Mar 22 15:25:00 1996 From: Metzger at hboi.edu (Kris Metzger) Date: Fri, 22 Mar 96 12:25:00 PST Subject: Chlorine to corals - toxicity? Message-ID: <31530F34@SMTP.HBOI.EDU> Can anyone provide any information on toxic effects of chlorine, bleach or hypochloride on corals? I don't want information on coral bleaching. I have already searched Biological Abstracts, Chemical Abstracts, Oceanic Abstracts, Pollution Abstracts, ASFA and Zool. Rec. and I have found some journal articles, but not much. I'm hoping that someone can direct me to some gray literature. Thanks very much for your help. Kristen Kristen L. Metzger, Librarian Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution 5600 U.S. 1 North Ft. Pierce FL 34946 USA (800)333-4264, Ext. 201 (407)465-2446, FAX metzger at hboi.edu From coral at coral.aoml.noaa.gov Sat Mar 9 20:33:16 1996 From: coral at coral.aoml.noaa.gov (Coral Health and Monitoring Program) Date: Fri, 22 Mar 1996 13:33:16 +30000 Subject: Other Directories Message-ID: As many of you may already know, there are existing printed directories of coral researchers. Here is one source: Eldredge, L.G. 1987. Coral Reef Researchers: Pacific. UNEP Regional Seas Directories and Bibliographies, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome. 104 p. The International Society of Reef Studies and the Pacific Science Association also publish directories. They, and other associations with directories, are herewith invited to broadcast the availability of such publications. Yours, Jim Hendee From oveh at bio.usyd.edu.au Sat Mar 23 19:47:03 1996 From: oveh at bio.usyd.edu.au (Ove Hoegh-Guldberg) Date: Sun, 24 Mar 1996 10:47:03 +1000 Subject: No subject Message-ID: <1.5.4b12.32.19960324004703.0083e844@mail.bio.usyd.edu.au> Clarification: The two grey literature reports announced as available before : 1. Hoegh-Guldberg, O. (1994) Mass-bleaching of coral reefs in French Polynesia, April 1994. 2. Hoegh-Guldberg, O. (1995) The mass bleaching of coral reefs in the Central Pacific in 1994. A followup study and establishment of long-term monitoring sites. ... are available at the URL http://www.bio.usyd.edu.au/CRRI/LIBRARY/gp1.html. ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ove Hoegh-Guldberg Ph: (02) 351-2389 School of Biological Sciences Fax: (02) 351-4119 Building A08 Mobile: 014 811 935 University of Sydney Country code Australia = 61 2006 NSW Australia OHG: http://www.bio.usyd.edu.au/SOBS/ACADEMIC/ACASTAFF/ohg.html Coral Reef Research Institute: http://www.bio.usyd.edu.au/CRRI/crri-ind.html One Tree Island Research Station: http://www.bio.usyd.edu.au/OTI/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------- From clay at nsu.acast.nova.edu Mon Mar 25 10:44:09 1996 From: clay at nsu.acast.nova.edu (CLAY Beauregard) Date: Mon, 25 Mar 1996 10:44:09 -0500 (EST) Subject: Ciguatera Message-ID: Dear subscribers, I am looking for any information (online or not) documenting ciguatera cases in the Caribbean during the last couple decades. I am writing my M.S. thesis paper on the distribution of ciguatera in Florida and the Caribbean region. I have plenty of case studies and first-hand accounts, but I am looking for trends or statistics of reported cases from various Caribbean locations. The CDC takes reports and has published several cases in Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, but I don't believe they keep statistics since ciguatera is not really a reportable disease, but a biotoxin poisoning. If anyone can point me in the right direction, I would be very grateful. You can respond to me personally if you wish. Thank you, Clay Beauregard Nova Southeastern University Oceanographic Center (W) 954-920-1909 (F) 954-947-8557 clay at nsu.acast.nova.edu From westley at hawaii.edu Mon Mar 25 14:46:30 1996 From: westley at hawaii.edu (Marian B Westley) Date: Mon, 25 Mar 1996 09:46:30 -1000 Subject: mangroves and coral reefs In-Reply-To: Message-ID: Dear subscribers, I am looking for information to support statements like the following: "cutting of mangrove trees which normally entrap sediments can result in excessive siltation for nearby seagrass beds and reefs from runoff from heavy rains" (from C.S. Rogers (1990) Responses of coral reefs and reef organisms to sedimentation. Marine Ecology Progress Series 62:185-202). I am particularly interested in cases where mangroves have been cut down and consequent damage to reefs has been documented. Many thanks, Marian Westley From oliver.gussmann at stonebow.otago.ac.nz Tue Mar 26 03:15:35 1996 From: oliver.gussmann at stonebow.otago.ac.nz (Oliver Gussmann) Date: Tue, 26 Mar 1996 20:15:35 +1200 Subject: No subject Message-ID: Hope somebody out there can help me out. Looking for info on carbonate production, in situ measueremnt techniques, reefs in terrigenous-carbonate settings, particularly for Pacific tropical/temperate reefs. Cheers Oliver Gussmann University of Otago Department of Marine Science PO Box 56 Dunedin, New Zealand Fax: (64)-3-479 8336 Tel.: (64)-3 479 8306 email: oliver.gussmann at stonebow.otago.ac.nz From oliver.gussmann at stonebow.otago.ac.nz Tue Mar 26 04:05:27 1996 From: oliver.gussmann at stonebow.otago.ac.nz (Oliver Gussmann) Date: Tue, 26 Mar 1996 21:05:27 +1200 Subject: No subject Message-ID: Need information on South Pacific reefs concerning tagging, carbonate production (in situ measuerment techniques), whats being done on reefs in small island nations of the South Pacific, effects of terrigenous sedimentation on carbonate production, terrigenous-carbonate transitions. Cheers, oliver Oliver Gussmann University of Otago Department of Marine Science PO Box 56 Dunedin, New Zealand Fax: (64)-3-479 8336 Tel.: (64)-3 479 8306 email: oliver.gussmann at stonebow.otago.ac.nz From psa at bishop.bishop.hawaii.org Mon Mar 25 16:16:39 1996 From: psa at bishop.bishop.hawaii.org (Pacific Science Assn) Date: Mon, 25 Mar 1996 11:16:39 -1000 (HST) Subject: Coral Researchers Directory In-Reply-To: Message-ID: The revised Directory of Coral Reef Researchers of the World is well in hand and now contains more than 1000 names. [This directory will include names, professional addresses, telephone, fax, e-mail, and scientific interests, indexed on subject, taxonomic interest, and geographic areas of interest and residence]. Each individual researcher will receive a copy for verification of his/her entry as it currently exists. For the most part the entires pre-date e-mail. The verification will also request e-mail addresses for each of the researchers [telephone and fax are already included but also need verification]. At this time, I should very much appreciate your sending me your e-mail address and any other pretinent information to help expedite the completion of this directory. [Please let me know whether or not you would like an original questionnaire as as to be included in this first round.] I anticipate a draft copy of this directory by the time of the Panama meeting. Aloha, Lu Eldredge Pacific Science Association P.O. Box 17801 Honolulu, HI 96817 FAX (1) 808-847-8252 From M.ABLAN at cgnet.com Tue Mar 26 16:16:00 1996 From: M.ABLAN at cgnet.com (Ma. Carmen Ablan) Date: Tue, 26 Mar 1996 13:16:00 -0800 (PST) Subject: No subject Message-ID: <31577DFC@msm.cgnet.com> Hi! I've been receiving a lot of material from coral-list passed on to me from a variety of sources. Would it be possible for me to receive these regularly from you? I am currently team leader of ReefBase here at ICLARM. John McManus, our project leader receives coral-list updates himself but information he passes on to me gets delayed when he is away on travel. Thank you so much for taking time. I really appreciate your efforts in getting coral-list organized. Sincerely, Ma. Carmen A. Ablan Team Leader ReefBase From coral at coral.aoml.noaa.gov Tue Mar 26 10:33:39 1996 From: coral at coral.aoml.noaa.gov (Coral Health and Monitoring Program) Date: Tue, 26 Mar 1996 10:33:39 -0500 (EST) Subject: Online Coral Researchers Directory Message-ID: The Online Coral Researchers Directory is now listed as a link off the main CHAMP Home Page at http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov. As you will see from the "disclaimer", this is only meant to supplement the various existing coral researchers directories within the coral research community. I'm open for suggestions, but please remember that since this project is now operating "out of hide", we can't do much that is fancy at this time. For that very reason, the Directory is not at all fancy, but it does at least make for some interesting reading! The Directory will be updated automatically every night at about 9:00 pm Eastern Time (USA). If you have sent in your registration information, but do not see the posting, it is just because I haven't yet reviewed the information. I'll get to it as soon as I can. Sincerely yours, Jim Hendee ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ | | | Coral Health and Monitoring Program | | Ocean Chemistry Division | | Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorlogical Laboratory | | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration | | Miami, Florida | | USA | | | | Email: coral at coral.aoml.noaa.gov | | World-Wide Web: http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov | | | ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ From cel1 at axe.humboldt.edu Tue Mar 26 16:17:50 1996 From: cel1 at axe.humboldt.edu (Christopher Ledford) Date: Tue, 26 Mar 1996 13:17:50 -0800 (PST) Subject: Getting an MS in coral reef ecology Message-ID: I am currently attending Humboldt State University working on my BS in Marine Biology. I am looking for schools (world wide) that have a Masters program dealing with coral reef ecology. Thank you for any help. Chris Ledford cel1 at axe.humboldt.edu From hendee at aoml.noaa.gov Wed Mar 27 06:48:55 1996 From: hendee at aoml.noaa.gov (James C. Hendee) Date: Wed, 27 Mar 1996 06:48:55 -0500 (EST) Subject: Appropriate Subjects Message-ID: Dear Esteemed Subscribers, I very much appreciate your interest in this list-server. It would be most helpful if we could all confine our discussions to the following subjects (or at least close), taken from the original informational notice to new subscribers: o bleaching events o outbreaks of coral diseases o high predation on coral reefs o environmental monitoring sites o incidences of coral spawnings o shipwrecks on reefs o international meetings and symposia o funding opportunities o marine sanctuary news o new coral-related publications o announcements of college courses in coral reef ecology o coral health initiatives o new and historical data availability o controversial topics in coral reef ecology o recent reports on coral research Thank you very much for your help and cooperation. Sincerely yours, Jim Hendee coral-list administrator From coral at coral.aoml.noaa.gov Wed Mar 27 10:09:19 1996 From: coral at coral.aoml.noaa.gov (Coral Health and Monitoring Program) Date: Wed, 27 Mar 1996 10:09:19 -0500 (EST) Subject: Subjects, clarified Message-ID: I fear I may have been misunderstood. ANYTHING having to do with coral reef biology or coral reefs in general (e.g., palaeocology of reefs) is welcome on this list. What I feel are inappropriate messages are "flamings" of individuals, subjects that do not relate directly to coral research (e.g., things with religious overtones, postings of, say, deep-sea research, etc.), and perhaps commercial solicitations which will not help the coral research community. However, let me know if you feel differently. Thanks, Jim Hendee coral-list administrator From hendee at aoml.noaa.gov Wed Mar 27 10:52:39 1996 From: hendee at aoml.noaa.gov (James C. Hendee) Date: Wed, 27 Mar 1996 10:52:39 -0500 (EST) Subject: National Religious Partnership for the Environment (NRPE) Message-ID: Accidentally deleted from coral-list archives: >From hendee at aoml.noaa.gov Fri Mar 26 16:01:54 1996 Status: RO X-Status: DA Received: from reef.aoml.noaa.gov (reef.aoml.noaa.gov [192.111.123.16]) by aoml.noaa.gov (8.7.3/8.7.3) with SMTP id QAA06922; Tue, 26 Mar 1996 16:01:44 -0500 (EST) Received: by reef.aoml.noaa.gov (940816.SGI.8.6.9/930416.SGI) for coral-list-outgoing id UAA02160; Tue, 26 Mar 1996 20:42:55 GMT Received: from esa.org by reef.aoml.erl.gov via SMTP (940816.SGI.8.6.9/930416.SGI) for id PAA02155; Tue, 26 Mar 1996 15:42:50 -0500 From: Bruce at esa.org Received: from Ecological-Message_Server by esa.org with WordPerfect_Office; Tue, 26 Mar 1996 16:07:04 -0500 Message-Id: X-Mailer: WordPerfect Office 4.0 Date: Tue, 26 Mar 1996 15:47:28 -0500 To: ellenbethw at aol.com, mmandell at doc.gov, mrand at dorsai.dorsai.org, allison at ewg.org, ahoffnun at hillel.org, jroth at hillel.org, tmoran at hillel.org, aray at oaservera2.ssmc.noaa.gov, /S=M.KNAPP/OU1=W01A at mhs-fswa.attmail.com, FISHFOLK at mitvma.mit.edu, sboa at nsf.gov, osman at nwf.org, lmersfelder at ocean.nos.noaa.gov, bbarak at peacecorps.gov, coral-list at reef.aoml.noaa.gov, gjensen at reeusda.gov, mlevy at sysplan.com, dnew at wo0033wp.wo.blm.gov Subject: National Religious Partnership for the Environment (NRPE) Sender: owner-coral-list at reef.aoml.noaa.gov Precedence: bulk FYI- please disseminate as appropriate to those who might be interested DOES THE EARTH HAVE A PRAYER? The NRPE invites the environmental community and its friends to a discussion on religion and the enviromnment: " Does the earth have a prayer?" This program is designed to build bridges of communication and understanding between communities of faith and environmentalists who share a concern for the natural world. We will discuss our specific constituencies and why we care about environmental issues, and explore ways in which we can work together and inspire one another. Speakers include: Paul Gorman, Director and Daniel Schwartz, Associate Director National Religious Partnership for the Environment Michal Smart, Co-Director, Coalition on the Environment and Jewish Life Drew Christiansen, Director, Office of International Justice and Peace, U.S. Catholic Conference. Paz Artaza-Regan, United Methodist Church, National Council of Churches for Christ. Dr. Ron Sider, President, Evangelicals for Social Action. Date; April 12, 1996 Time: 12:30 to 2:30 Place: 1616 P St., NW, 7th floor Washington, D.C. Please RSVP with number attending to Mara Osman, National Wildlife Federation, 202-797-6818 internet: osman at nwf.org The NRPE was established in 1992 and is a collaboration of the U.S. Catholic Conference, the National Council of Churhces for Christ, the Coalition on the Environment and Jewish Life and the Evangelical Environmental Network. With those member groups, the Partnership serves more than 100 million Americans and has undertaken a mobilization which represents the religious community's fullest and most formal entry into environmental activity. From oliver.gussmann at stonebow.otago.ac.nz Thu Mar 28 00:32:04 1996 From: oliver.gussmann at stonebow.otago.ac.nz (Oliver Gussmann) Date: Thu, 28 Mar 1996 05:32:04 +0000 Subject: No subject Message-ID: Are there currently projects underway monitoring the effects of terrigenous sedimentation on carbonate production rates, carbonate sedimentation? Cheers, Oliver Oliver Gussmann University of Otago Department of Marine Science PO Box 56 Dunedin, New Zealand Fax: (64)-3-479 8336 Tel.: (64)-3 479 8306 email: oliver.gussmann at stonebow.otago.ac.nz From oliver.gussmann at stonebow.otago.ac.nz Thu Mar 28 00:36:47 1996 From: oliver.gussmann at stonebow.otago.ac.nz (Oliver Gussmann) Date: Thu, 28 Mar 1996 05:36:47 +0000 Subject: No subject Message-ID: Since I am new to this list I would like to have some info on what is new on coral-related publications, recent reports on coral research, controversial topics in reef ecology, environmental monitoring sites, international meetings and symposia, and new and historical data availability. Thanks, oLiver Oliver Gussmann University of Otago Department of Marine Science PO Box 56 Dunedin, New Zealand Fax: (64)-3-479 8336 Tel.: (64)-3 479 8306 email: oliver.gussmann at stonebow.otago.ac.nz From pichon at univ-perp.fr Thu Mar 28 03:42:51 1996 From: pichon at univ-perp.fr (michel pichon) Date: Thu, 28 Mar 1996 08:42:51 GMT Subject: Coral bleaching Message-ID: <199603280842.IAA04133@gala.univ-perp.fr> A CORAL BLEACHING EPISODE IN FRENCH POLYNESIA The onset of a coral bleaching episode has been observed at Moorea (Society Islands, French Polynesia) at the beginning of February 1996, by the permanent staff of the "Centre de Recherches Insulaires et Observatoire de l'Environnement/Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes". (C.R.I.O.B.E./E.P.H.E.). The intensity of the phenomenon is moderate, and it has not been reported from other French Polynesian islands, where a network of observers is monitoring the situation. Some unconfirmed reports, however, suggest that very localized coral bleaching took place on Tahiti, Bora Bora and Rangiroa, in the lagoons as well as on the outer reef slopes. The bleaching does not appear to have gained in intensity since it was first noticed early in February. At the beginning of March, at a depth of 9m, on the outer reef slope on the north coast of Moorea, 27% of all coral colonies were affected by the phenomenon, with 17% partly bleached and 10% wholly or partly fluorescent. The genera most bleached were Montipora, Acropora and Pocillopora. B. Salvat Y Chancerelle email : pol at univ-perp.fr From oliver.gussmann at stonebow.otago.ac.nz Thu Mar 28 04:27:01 1996 From: oliver.gussmann at stonebow.otago.ac.nz (Oliver Gussmann) Date: Thu, 28 Mar 1996 09:27:01 +0000 Subject: No subject Message-ID: Are there currently projects underway monitoring the effects of terrigenous sedimentation on carbonate production rates, carbonate sedimentation? I would also like to have some info on what is new on coral-related publications, recent reports on coral research, controversial topics in reef ecology, environmental monitoring sites, international meetings and symposia, and new and historical data availability. Cheers, Oliver Oliver Gussmann University of Otago Department of Marine Science PO Box 56 Dunedin, New Zealand Fax: (64)-3-479 8336 Tel.: (64)-3 479 8306 email: oliver.gussmann at stonebow.otago.ac.nz From CDONNE01 at servms.fiu.edu Thu Mar 28 08:42:26 1996 From: CDONNE01 at servms.fiu.edu (CLAIR DONNELLY) Date: Thu, 28 Mar 1996 8:42:26 -0500 (EST) Subject: Photosynthesis inhibition Message-ID: <960328084226.20407c35@servms.fiu.edu> Does anybody have information / experience using DCMU to block photosynthesis in stony corals? i.e. quantities used, time it takes to work etc. Many thanks, Clair Donnelly. Florida International University Department of Biology University Park Miami Florida 33199. From rhayes at cldc.howard.edu Thu Mar 28 10:14:57 1996 From: rhayes at cldc.howard.edu (R. Hayes) Date: Thu, 28 Mar 1996 10:14:57 -0500 (EST) Subject: Bleaching - French Polynesia Message-ID: Greetings, I have just read of the onset of coral bleaching in Moorea, Society Islands, French Polynesia (posted by Salvat and Chancerelle). Has anyone noticed, or heard reports of, whether bleaching is occuring in New Caledonia, French Polynesia? Please respond to me directly at Thanks in advance, Raymond Hayes Howard University From strong at nadn.navy.mil Thu Mar 28 11:12:06 1996 From: strong at nadn.navy.mil (Prof Alan E Strong) Date: Thu, 28 Mar 1996 11:12:06 -0500 (EST) Subject: Coral bleaching In-Reply-To: <199603280842.IAA04133@gala.univ-perp.fr> Message-ID: Michel & Salvat -- Satellite SSTs have been showing 30C water to be lurking off to the north and west of Moorea since mid-Feb. Do you see in-sit values cooresponding to this? Cheers, Al Strong ***************************************************************************** Alan E. Strong Physical Scientist/Oceanographer Adj. Asst. Professor NOAA/NESDIS/ORA -- E/RA28 US Naval Academy NOAA Science Center Oceanography Department Camp Springs, MD 20233 Annapolis, MD 21402 301-763-8102 410-293-6566 [v-mail] astrong at nesdis.noaa.gov strong at nadn.navy.mil FAX: 301-763-8020 FAX: 410-293-213 http://www.nadn.navy.mil/Oceanography/FACULTY/AES_resume.html ***************************************************************************** From atyrell at umiami.ir.miami.edu Thu Mar 28 13:40:26 1996 From: atyrell at umiami.ir.miami.edu (atyrell at umiami.ir.miami.edu) Date: Thu, 28 Mar 1996 13:40:26 -0500 (EST) Subject: summer employment Message-ID: Hello, I am a sophmore in Marine Biology at the University of Miami. I am extremly interested in coral. In particular coral genetics and coral bleaching. I have two summers of experience in coral genetics including both lab and field work. I am looking for a paid summer position dealing with corals. If anyone on this list has a position open please email me. Thank you, Alicia Tyrell atyrell at umiami.ir.miami.edu From laingk at nurc.cmsr.uncwil.edu Thu Mar 28 11:37:08 1996 From: laingk at nurc.cmsr.uncwil.edu (Katie Laing) Date: Thu, 28 Mar 1996 16:42:08 +0005 Subject: Alizarine and Halimeda growth rates Message-ID: <357E717901@nurc.cmsr.uncwil.edu> Dear Coral Reef List: Does anyone have information or experience using Alizarine Red-S stain for determining growth rates of calcareous algae? I need to know what concentration, how long to stain and what time of day gives best results. I will be working specifically with Halimeda and am concerned with the stain interfering with growth rates and CNP tissue content. Thanks in advance for any advice you can share. Katie (Halimeda is my life) Laing Master's Student University of North Carolina at Wilmington From gochfeld at hawaii.edu Thu Mar 28 22:21:49 1996 From: gochfeld at hawaii.edu (Deborah Gochfeld) Date: Thu, 28 Mar 1996 17:21:49 -1000 Subject: Coral bleaching in PNG Message-ID: I was very interested in John Rewald's report of bleaching in Milne Bay, PNG. I just returned from PNG where I did extensive diving in Milne Bay (Dec 1-15), Madang (Dec 15-Feb 15) and southern New Ireland (Feb 20-Mar 1). I did not observe an unusual amount of bleading in Milne Bay in December, although it sounds as if this event began more recently. I also did not observe an unusual amount of bleaching in Madang, although there were a few white corals here and there. However, there was an excessive amount of bleaching on the reefs in southern New Ireland. Transects laid at each of 15 sites showed that approximately 10-60% of corals in shallow water were bleached. Bleaching on most reefs extended to a depth of 25m. Most corals were still alive, suggesting a very recent event, and the few dead corals were not yet covered with algae. A higher proportion of soft corals were affected, as well as a few anemones. I would be interested in hearing more details about the Milne Bay bleaching event and any other known events in the region. Does anyone know whether any monitoring is being undertaken in Milne Bay or elsewhere in the region. I also think that some periodic monitoring should be performed in Madang (and perhaps elsewhere along the north coast of PNG), if anyone is over that way, as that area is between the two known affected areas. I last dove in Madang around Feb. 15th and did not observe bleaching but it would be interesting to know if or when the bleaching event progresses to Madang. If anyone has any further information on these or other bleaching events, please post it!! Sincerely, Deborah Gochfeld Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology P.O. Box 1346 Kaneohe, HI 96744 gochfeld at uhunix.uhcc.hawaii.edu From micho at ccrv.obs-vlfr.fr Fri Mar 29 06:57:50 1996 From: micho at ccrv.obs-vlfr.fr (francois Michaud) Date: Fri, 29 Mar 96 12:57:50 +0100 Subject: BLEACHING REVIEW Message-ID: <199603291200.HAA06012@reef.aoml.erl.gov> If reply then to pecheux at eureka.meta.fr About my Review on Bleaching (about 150p., 650 refs, and I hope quite good), sorry for those who read my message (terribly scrambled by Minitel !) and try to get it from the server !. There was quiproquo and it was supress from it. Never mind, it will be on Internet but I dont know when. In the meantime, at request to me, I will send you a MacIntosh diskette by mail.Cheers to all. MICHAUD francois Laboratoire de Geodynamique sous marine Universite Pierre et Marie Curie La Darse, B-P 48, Villefranche sur Mer, France Tel : (33) 93 76 37 40 ou 37 49 Fax : (33) 93 76 37 66 E-mail : micho at ccrv.obs-vlfr.fr From micho at ccrv.obs-vlfr.fr Fri Mar 29 06:55:06 1996 From: micho at ccrv.obs-vlfr.fr (francois Michaud) Date: Fri, 29 Mar 96 12:55:06 +0100 Subject: BLEACHING : NOT UV Message-ID: <199603291157.GAA06000@reef.aoml.erl.gov> FROM PECHEUX : pecheux at eureka.meta.fr The following article was refused by Marine Ecology Progress Series (see at end). Please, is there native English-speaking scientist who can check the english before an other submission ? Thanks a lot ! Tables and figures send at request. Also any critics, comments, new informations are wellcome and may be taken in account. It can be also be quoted as unpublished with now archive coral-list server reference. ANALYSIS OF OZONE SATELLITE DATA : NO RELATION BETWEEN UV AND REEF MASS BLEACHING Martin Pecheux, Scientific Consultant, 8, rue Dante, F-06000 NICE, FRANCE. Email : pecheux at eureka.meta.fr Abstract : One of the major threats on Earth ecosystems is the recent and worldwide mass bleaching of reef symbioses, yet unexplained. Global warming or weather pattern change are probably not the causal factors. Many researchers have conducted bleaching experiments with UV, supposed to trigger bleaching events. Here I analyze Nimbus 7 TOMS ozone data above reef areas from 1979 to 1991. There is no trend in ozone amount in tropics at month, season nor year time scale, nor more frequent or more pronounced low ozone values. Examination of twenty bleaching events did not reveal any correlation with ozone drawdown. The UV hypothesis must be discarded, and this lets CO2 rise as the last serious explanation of reef mass bleaching. Key-words : ozone, TOMS, Nimbus 7, ultra-violet, reef, bleaching, CO2. Introduction recent mass bleaching affects all reef photosynthetic symbioses, not only hard corals but also other cnidarians, large foraminifers, sponges and Tridacna mollusks, in association with either dinoflagellates, diatoms or cyanobacteria, some with no mortality. It corresponds to the ruture of the symbiosis with loss of the colored symbionts and/or the photosynthetic pigments, hence the name. This phenomenon is worldwide and observed in all reef biotopes, without coherent spatial pattern. It began in 1979, and seems to increase in magnitude and frequency, becoming chronic (see reviews of Williams and Bunkley-Williams, 1990, Smith and Buddmeier, 1992, Glynn, 1993, Pecheux, soon on Internet). The most worrysome is that the cause is not identified. As bleaching generally occurs during hot time, calm sea and clear sky, global warming has been often invoked. But global warming is evenly distributed on Earth (Jones et al., 1986, Gray, 1990 and ref. herein), in particular not found over Caribbean (Atwood et al., 1992, IPCC, 1992). Temperatures are often reported to be "above normal" during bleaching but long term data are insufficient to label them as abnormally high, apart for the exceptional El Nino 1983 in East Pacific (Glynn, 1989) but not elsewhere (Croffroth et al., 1989). Morever, good counter-examples exist, as for the well studied Great Barrier Reef 1982 event with normal temperature (Coffroth et al., 1989) or bleaching of large foraminifers at less than 27oC in Florida 1991-1993 (Hallock and Talge, 1993, Hallock et al., 1995). Convincing evidences of a climatic shift in the late 70's are accumulating, primarly with an increase of evaporation in marine tropical areas (Flohn and Kappala, 1989, Kumar et al., 1994, Graham, 1995), but with a pattern similar to El Nino, i.e. not worldwide. Mass bleaching have been suspected to be a consequence of formation of dense hot hypersaline waters (Jaap, 1988, Odgen and Wicklund, 1988, Lang et al., 1989), favourized by evaporation, but such formation is excluded when slack winds (Pecheux, 1996, Annex 2). On the other hand, probable increase of mean wind speeds by enhanced convection (Flohn and Kappala, 1989, but see Graham, 1995) seems to rule out more frequent doldrum times in warm tropical areas. With the coincidence of the advents of mass bleaching and the Antartic ozone hole around 1979, many researchers have considered ultra-violet (UV) as the primary cause. Many biological experiments have been carried out (Scelfo, 1986, Siebeck, 1988, Lesser and Schick, 1989, Lesser et al., 1990, Schick et al., 1991, Hallock and Talge, 1993, Reaka-Kudla et al., 1993, Gleason and Wellington, 1993) and measures done in situ (Gleason and Wellington, 1993, Drollet et al., 1994), although it was already known that mean stratospheric ozone had not yet decreased in tropics (Bowman and Krueger, 1985, Frederick and Serafino, 1985, Herman et al., 1991, Stolarski et al., 1991, see last synthesis in Stolarski et al., 1992, Herman and McPeters, 1993). It was necessary to verify if this holds also at seasonal time scale, or if variation had not increased with concomitent more frequent low ozone values. A third posibility might have been that mass bleaching events would be triggered by "mini-ozone holes". Ozone drawdowns are known to occur at time scale of few days in latitude as low as Texas (Michaels et al., 1994). Moreover these drawdowns are associated with anticyclonic features, suggesting their advent during doldrum time, although this correlation is the weakest in tropics (Barsby and Diab, 1995). In order to examine those possibilities, I analyzed available data on ozone level in tropics, as measured by the Nimbus 7 satellite. Data Whole column ozone quantities have been mesured by the Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet/Total Ozone Map Spectrophotometer (SBUV/TOMS) aboard the NOAA Nimbus 7 satellite since November 1978. Its principle is based on the ratio of sun backscatter radiations at 312 nm and 331 nm lengthwave, one strongly absorbed by ozone while the other not. Data are freely available from the Goddard Space Flight Center (DAAC User Service, Global Change Data Center, Code 902.2, Greenbelt, MD 20771) in specific format of ASCII files on three CD-ROMs covering the period from November 1978 to January 1991. Daily 200 000 measures over the globe are averaged in a grid 1o latitude x 1.25o longitude, corresponding to 111 x 139 km squared at equator. Ozone quantities are expressed in Dobson units, corresponding to hundreth of millimeter of an equivalent pure ozone layer at sea level pressure and temperature. Missing values represent 2.4% to 5.7% of the data, evenly distributed in first approximation (not shown). I selected 36 reef locations, using ozone values of the nearest TOMS grid point (Tab. 1). Spatial ozone gradient is weak, with absolute difference between adjacent squares of a mean and standard deviation of about 3 Dobsons, and maximum difference roughly ten time greater, as checked in the GBR and Florida areas. I restricted the data from the 1st January 1979 to the 31th December 1991 (4745 days) to eliminate winter biais in trend analysis. Programs of data extraction from CD-ROMs, with patch reads by trap calls to Operating System primitives for reasonnable speed of lecture, and those of data analysis were written in Think PascalR on Macintosh, and displayed with StatViewR. Results General trends As it was already known, there is no decrease of ozone level in tropics between 21.5oS to 20.5oN for studied locations, with p always > 0.05 for 1979 to 1991. Even positive trends are observed in Chiriqui and San Blas, Panama, and Venezuela (with p=0.009, 0.017, 0.056 respectively). North of 20.5oN, decrease of ozone becomes sensible (p<0.0005), with trend downto 1.2% per year in Aqaba (with no mass bleaching) and Bermuda. A similar pattern is seen with selection of the lowest values of each month, with p<0.05 only north of 29.5oN (one value selected) or north of 26.5oN (four values selected), exception Oahu, 21.5oN, with a weak trend=-0.475 Dobson/year, p=0.029, r2=0.764. Trends for each month are similar, with no significant trend between at least 15oS and 15oN. They group into the four seasons (Fig. 1). In the Southern hemisphere, a weak negative trend is observed in summer, increasing with latitude (-0.63 Dobson/year in New Caledonia, with no mass bleaching reported), but none in the Northern hemisphere summer, even to the northernmost tropical latitudes (and temperate ones, not shown). In addition, ozone values are at their highest level in summer in both hemispheres, May-August in the North and August-December in the South, with a cross of seasonality pattern around 5oS. The lowest ozone values for the 1979-1991 period always occured in June-August south of 5oS and November-February north of it. The 20th lowest values are mostly encountered in northern locations in winters 1983, 1985 and 1988, and in southern locations in winters 1985, 1990, 1980, and also in summers 1984 and 1987 (when no mass bleaching is reported). Correlation with bleaching events I restricted my study to twenty bleaching events for which time of advent is known within a month (Tab. 2). A first visual inspection quickly revealed very few low values of ozone for the time of year at time of bleaching, or within the two months before the event, nor drawdown of ozone. I compared the mininimum and the mean ozone values during either one or two months before bleaching (using as date the last day indicated or the end of the month if days were unprecised in references) with the same values for equivalent periods in 1979-1991. There is no difference with the 1979-1991 mean (range -6.77 to 7.14 Dobson, mean 0.79 plus/minus 4.09 for two months period). It could always be found another year with lower mean and minimum. Exceptions are Bahamas, September 1987, and Bermuda, August 1988, where values are often near the lower range, with about ten days of lowest values upon the two months period. Only San Blas, Panama, with bleaching in June 1983, shows clearly lowest values during the 1-15 May (257-269 Dobson, mean 263.5 plus/minus 3.4, versus decade 256-293, mean 273.9 plus/minus 7.0), however within only 1.5 standard deviation for this two weeks. Transient ozone drawdowns of a few days were quantified by the difference between the daily data and the centered rectangular moving average on (best) three weeks, and more precisely, by the square of only negative value of this difference, emphasizing remarkable low events, also both for one or two months period before bleaching events. No differences for the drawdown indexes are noticeable with the 1979-1991 mean (-0.108 to 0.360, mean -0.078 plus/minus 0.0.363 for the squared index over two months) and lower minima and means could always be found in other years. Particularly low values of drawdown indexes associated with bleaching in Jamaica 1987, Pari 1983 and Looe Key 1983, but are due to jigsaw records from quite high levels ; and in Lizard island, GBR (event between the 15 December 1981 and 7 January 1982), with a pretty fall of ozone from the 16 to 22 December, downto 254 Dobsons, i.e. 5 to 15 Dobsons below moving average, but there are usual falls downto 240-250 Dobsons in December and January. Moreover, the GBR 1982 event appeared synchronously over 500 km, and ozone values over the Magnetic and Myrmydon islands areas, though with some parrallellism, show no drawdown. Also relevant, bleaching was observed in 1987 in Florida in mid-July at Looe Key and end-August at Key Largo (Jaap, 1988), whereas the ozone records are very similar with difference of -1.10 plus/minus 0.85 Dobson, range -19 to 12, mainly because of a time lag of one day between this two sites (Fig. 2A). Discussion These results confirm previous analysis of an abscence of trend of ozone in tropics and extended them for month and seasonal time scales, as well as for variance and particularly low values. Ozone level is at its highest in summer when mass bleaching usually occurs. Its record appears highly variable at annual and interannual scale (ex. fig. 2A). In fact, the volcano impacts (El Chichon, March 1992, Nevado del Ruiz, November 1985, Pinatubo, June 1991) are not discernable in the raw data unless removal of seasonal, ENSO, QBO and 11 years sun cycles (Zerefos et al., 1992, Herman and McPeters 1993), contrary to a suggestion that preferential bleaching in 1983, 1986-88 and 1991 might have been due to those volcanic eruptions (Hallock and Talge, 1993). The abscence of any trend nor correlation between ozone low and mass bleaching implicates that UV are not the primary cause of the phenomenon. An indirect UV effect, due to higher water transparency in reason of a would-be global increase of doldrum time in tropics was suggested by Gleason and Wellington (1993). But periods with very calm sea certainly occur already in the past decades. Moreover, mass bleaching is often observed in very shallow waters and long term change of irradiation in one meter depth water or less can be only negligable. Of course, this does not preclude that UV play is one of the stress, perhaps important, as shown in situ by UV shielding of large foraminifers during an event (Hallock and Talge, 1993) or of upward transplanted corals (Gleason and Wellington, 1993), but just like visible light, probably involved at the photoinhibition site, the PS II D1 protein Qb site (Friso et al., 1995, Day and Vogelmann, 1995, and ref. herein). Large foraminifers, which at contrast to corals continue to calcify during bleaching, show, even in the stable conditions of front reef facies bathed by pristine open ocean waters, spectacular shell abnormalities (Pecheux in Muller et al., 1991, unpublished, Hallock and Talge, 1993, Hallock et al., 1995), almost unknown in sub-present or geological times (in prep.). This clearly emphasizes the recent appearance of mass bleaching and its real signifiance at long term planetary level. Given bleaching occurance, its explanation must hold for all latitudes and longitudes in tropics, for all reef biotopes (from 0 to 100 m depth, lagoon to fore-reef, isolated islands to barriers). It must involved a fundamental biochemical process, as implicated by the biodiversity of reef photosynthetic symbioses, exclusively and all affected, symbioses which constitute the founder of this ecosystem. This excludes complex regional-differentiated climatic or hydrologic changes origin and lets ozone depletion and CO2 rise as the only alternatives. Now the UV hypothesis can be also rejected with good confidence. As supported by theoritical arguments and preliminary CO2-induced bleaching experiments (Pecheux, 1993, 1994), the CO2 rise and the acidification of surface ocean, with H+ actual change of 21%, appears as the responsable global changing factor. It probably weakens pH-controlled HCO3- uptake by the host for photosynthesis of symbionts, now critical during maximum summer stress conditions, with synergy of temperature, irradiance included UV, and water stagnation. The CO2 rise is now the only last serious explanation of reef mass bleaching. Acknowledgement : Thank to M. Lhomme of the Computer Center of the Nice University for access to CD-ROM units and valuable help. The members of the TOMS NIMBUS Experiment and Ozone Processing Teams and the National Space Science Data Center, P.T. Guimaraes, R.D. McPeters, R.D. Krueger, D.E. Larko have my sincere acknowledgement. This work was supported by French RMI no224397K. References Atwood DK, Hendee JC, Mendez, A (1992) An assessment of global warming stress on Caribbean coral reef ecosystems. Bull. Mar. Sc. 51:118-130 Barsby J, Diab RD (1995) Total ozone and synoptic weather relationships over southern Africa and surrounding oceans. J. Geophys. Res. 100/D2:3023-3032. Bowmann KP, Krueger, AJ (1985) A global climatology of total ozone from the Nimbus-7 Total Ozone Mapping Spectrophotometer. J. Geophys. Res. 90:7967-7976 Coffroth MA, Lasker HR, Olivier JK (1989) Coral mortality outside the eastern Pacific during 1982-1983: relationship to El Nino. In : Glynn PW Global ecological consequences of the 1982-83 El Nino-Southern Oscillation, Amsterdam. 141-182 Cook CB, Logan A, Ward J, Luckhurst B, Berg CJ (1990) Elevated temperatures and bleaching on a high latitude coral reef: the 1988 Bermuda event. Coral Reefs 9:45-49 Day TA, Vogelmann TC (1995) Alterations in photosynthesis and pigment distributions in pea leaves following UV-B exposure. Physiol. Plant. 94:433-440 Drollet JH, Faucon M, Maritorena S, Martin P (1994) A survey of environmental physico-chemical parameters during a minor coral mass bleaching event in Tahiti in 1993. Aust. J. Mar. Freshwater Res. 45:1149-1156 Faure G, Guillaume M, Payri C, Thomassin BA, Van Praet M, Vasseur JM (1984) Sur un phenomene remarquable de blanchiment et de mortalite massive des madreporaires de l'ile de Mayotte (SW Ocean Indien). C. R. Acad. Sc. Paris, ser. III 299/15:637-642 Fisk DA, Done TJ (1985) Taxinomic and bathymetric patterns of bleaching in corals, Myrmidon reef (Queensland). In : Proc. 5th Int. Coral Reef Symp., Tahiti. 149-154 Flohn H, Kapala A (1989) Changes of tropical sea-air interaction processes over a 30-year period. Nature 338: 244-246 Frederik JE, Serafino GN (1985) The detection of long-term changes in stratospheric ozone scientific requirements and current results from satellite-based measurement systems. J. Clim. Appl. Meteor. 24:904-914 Friso G, Vass I, Spetea C, Barber J, Barbato R (1995) UV-B-induced degradation of the D1 protein in isolated reaction centres of Photosystem II. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1231:41-46 Gleason DF, Welligton GM (1993) Ultraviolet radiation and coral bleaching. Nature 365:836-838 Glynn PW (1989) Coral mortality and disturbances to coral reefs in the tropical eastern Pacific. In : Glynn, PW Global ecological consequences of the 1982-83 El Nino-Southern Oscillation, Amsterdam. 55-126 Glynn PW (1993) Coral reef bleaching: ecological perspectives. 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Hallock P, Talge HK, Cockey EM, Muller RG (1995) A new disease in reef-dwelling Foraminifera : implications for coastal sedimentation. J. Foram. Res. 25:280-286 Harriott VJ (1985) Mortality rates of sceratinian corals before and during a mass bleaching event. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 21:81-88 Herman JR, McPeters RD (1993) Ozone depletion at northern and southern latitudes derived from January 1979 to December 1991 Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer data. J. Geophys. Res. 98/D7:12783-12793 Herman JR, McPeters RD, Stolarski RS, Larko D, Hudson R (1991) Global average ozone change from November 1978 to May 1990. J. Geophys. Res. 96/D9:297-305 Hoeksema BW (1991) Control of bleaching in mushroom coral populations (Scleractinia: Fungiidae) in the Java sea: stress tolerance and interference by life history strategy. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 74:225-237 Hudson JH (1988) Coral bleaching at Looe Key national marine sanctuary, Florida. In : Ogden J, Wicklund RE. 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Coral Reefs 3:183-190 Lesser MP, Shick JM (1989) Effects of irradiance and ultraviolet radiation on photoadaptation in the zooxanthellae of Aiptasia pallida: primary production, photoinhibition, and enzymatic defenses against oxygen toxicity. Mar. Biol. 102:243-255 Lesser MP, Stochaj WR, Tapley DW, Schick JM (1990) Bleaching in coral reef anthozoans: effects of irradiance, ultraviolet radiation, and temperature on the activies of protective enzymes against active oxygen. Coral Reefs 8:225-232 Losada FJ (1988) Report on coelenterate bleaching in the southern Caribbean, Venezuela. In : Ogden J, Wicklund R. Mass bleaching of coral reefs in the Caribbean: a research strategy. Nat. Undersea Res. Prog., Res. Rep. 88/2:38-41 Michaels PJ, Singer FS, Knappenberger PC (1994) Analyzing ultraviolet-B radiation: is there a trend ? Science 264:1341-1343 Muller J and other 22 authors (1991) Etude des ecosystemes littoraux de Maurice. 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Science 256:342-349 Te Strake D, Jaap WC, Truby E, Reese R (1988) Fungal filaments in Millepora complanata Lamarck, 1816 (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) after mass expulsion of zooxanthellae. Florida Scientist 51/3-4:184-188 Williams EH, Bunkley-Williams L (1990) The world-wide coral reef bleaching cycle and related sources of coral mortality. Atoll Res. Bull. 335:1-71 Woodley JD (1988) Coral bleaching in Jamaica, 1987. In : Ogden J Wicklund R. Eds. Mass bleaching of coral reefs in the Caribbean: a research strategy. Nat. Undersea Res. Prog., Res. Rep. 88/2 :33-34 Yap HT, Alino PM, Gomez ED (1992) Trends in growth and mortality of three coral species (Anthozoa: Scleratinia), including effects of transplantation. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 83:91-101 Zerefos CS, Bais AF, Ziomas I, Bojkov RD (1992) On the relative importance of the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation and El Nino/Southern Oscillation in the revised Dobson total ozone records. J. Geophys. Res. 97/D9:10135-10144 Table 1 : Examined reef areas with latitude (negative values South) and longitude (negative values West) of nearest TOMS grid point, 1979-1991 mean, minimum and maximum ozone values in Dobson, trends in Dobson/year, correlation coefficient r2 and probability p of linear regressions. Table 2 : Examined bleaching events : sites, year (Y), month (M) and day (D) (last day indicated in references or last day of month if unprecised), mean (Mean), minimum (Min), and maximum (Max) ozone values of two months period before bleaching, their differences for the same period of year with the 1979-1991 mean (dM), with the year of lowest mean (dLM) and the minimum value (dMin), and same differences (dD, dLD, dMin) for a drawdown index (minus squared of only negative values of difference with three weeks movering average on one month period before bleaching). Bleaching events were described in : Great Barrier Reef : Oliver, 1985, Harriott, 1985, Fisk and Done, 1985, Coffroth et al., 1898 ; Mayotte : Faure et al., 1984 ; Indonesia : Hoeksema, 1991 ; Galapagos : Robinson, 1985, Glynn, 1989 ; Panama : Lasker et al., 1984, Knowlton, 1988 ; Venezuela : Losada, 1988 ; Philipine : Yap et al., 1992 ; Puerto Rico : Goennega and Canals, 1990 ; Jamaica : Woodley, 1988, Sandeman, 1988, Goreau and MacFarlane, 1990, Goreau, 1990, 1991 ; Japan : Kamezaki and Ui, 1984 ; Bahamas : Lang et al., 1989 ; Florida : Jaap, 1985, 1988, Te Strake et al., 1988, Hudson, 1988, Porter et al., 1989 ; Bermuda : Cook et al., 1990. Fig.1 : Ozone trends in Dobson/year during 1979-1991 versus latitude for the four seasons, without significance between 15oS and 15oN. Note that no ozone decrease is observed in summer Northern hemisphere up to 35oN, whereas it exists in summer Southern hemisphere south of 15oS, of which I does not have explanation. Fig. 2: a) Example of an ozone record : Key Largo, Florida, USA. 2A : Note the great variance at annual and interannual scales. Highest values of ozone occur during summer. Note lowest values in winter 1985, 1988, 1991. There were bleaching events in September 1983, August 1987, in autumn 1991, and more recently in summer 1992 (only large foraminifers) and summer 1993 (Hallock and al., 1995). b) Ozone record around the 1987 bleaching event in Looe Key in July (continuous line) and Key Largo in August (discontinuous line), together with minimum and maximum values for same days during 1979-1991. Note coherent values of ozone level over the region, and their normal level for this year. REVIEWER'S EVALUATION >From Editor of the Marine Ecology Progress Series, mainly : "(...). Your paper may well be publishable in another journal; but, the work is largely outside the scope of MEPS. (...)". First reviewer : "Publication not recommanded. This ms does not pass our usual MEPS standard. It presents a confusing picture. Global warming does occur and many bleachings are related to increase seawater temperatures although more than one causal factor may be involved. The results, General trends as well as the Correlation with bleaching events, are confusing without appropriate statistical analysis of data. The ms is badly written and the contents are not very interesting." /My commentary : critics not interesting/ Second reviewer (my commentary under //): "This paper adresses an interesting and important topic but suffers from careless presentation, and language problems as well as misinterpretation of the existing literature (see comments on the text). Contrary to what what is stated in the paper there is good evidence of a coincidence between extreme El Nino events and bleaching at sites across the Pacific in 1983 (Glynn 1993) /what I agree in the text for El Nino 1993/. Elevated seawater temperatures are known to result in coral bleaching both in simulated laboratory experiments (Glynn and D'Croz 1990) /yes, and many other papers, but as with almost any kind of stress/ and in the field (Glynn 1994). In the submitted paper the effects of elevated seawater temperatures are practically ignored /not the subject/. While the analysis of the satellite derived ozone data is of some interest it is important to consider other factors which are likely to influence the bleaching response in shallow waters as a result of increased UVR penetration. One such is the transparency of seawater at any particular location and this should be acknwoledged in the text /I can not agree : long term global change of transparency in very shallow water, for which no indication is in support, can be only negligeable/. Similarly no consideration is given to synergistic effects of interacting factors eg. high seawater and high irradiance /at contrary I conclude that bleaching appears to be due to CO2 in synergy with temperature, light include UV, water agitation/. The current analysis has produce negative resuslts which, nonetheless are important to publish given the body of scientific opinion seeking to involve UVR as a major factor responsible for coral bleaching. I would suggest that the author attemps to summarise his finding as a short note /bof/, eliminates all jargon (eg ozone drawdowns /but it used in geophysical papers/, jigsaws records etc) and quite simply presents a case which is based on two figures and a single table. Most importantly it would be essential to have the draft text checked by an English-speaking scientist before submission." MICHAUD francois Laboratoire de Geodynamique sous marine Universite Pierre et Marie Curie La Darse, B-P 48, Villefranche sur Mer, France Tel : (33) 93 76 37 40 ou 37 49 Fax : (33) 93 76 37 66 E-mail : micho at ccrv.obs-vlfr.fr From micho at ccrv.obs-vlfr.fr Fri Mar 29 10:23:47 1996 From: micho at ccrv.obs-vlfr.fr (francois Michaud) Date: Fri, 29 Mar 96 16:23:47 +0100 Subject: BLEACHING REVIEW, corr. Message-ID: <199603291526.KAA06217@reef.aoml.erl.gov> The Bleaching review is from MARTIN PECHEUX and better ask me for directely at pecheux at eureka.meta.fr (sorry I have to used Internet of a friend to emit). Sincerely. MICHAUD francois Laboratoire de Geodynamique sous marine Universite Pierre et Marie Curie La Darse, B-P 48, Villefranche sur Mer, France Tel : (33) 93 76 37 40 ou 37 49 Fax : (33) 93 76 37 66 E-mail : micho at ccrv.obs-vlfr.fr From coral at coral.aoml.noaa.gov Fri Mar 29 13:40:05 1996 From: coral at coral.aoml.noaa.gov (Coral Health and Monitoring Program) Date: Fri, 29 Mar 1996 13:40:05 -0500 (EST) Subject: Jobs: You asked for it! Message-ID: Greetings! I have set up a spot on our Coral Health and Monitoring Program Web site at http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov for people who are posting coral research opportunities, or for those who are seeking employment. This page is meant ONLY for posting information on current employment opportunities for coral researchers, and for people seeking employment in coral research. If you would like to post an employment opening, or if you would like to post your own personal advertisement (please, not too long), send your message to coral at coral.aoml.noaa.gov with EMPLOYER NAME in the SUBJECT line of your message, if you are posting an opportunity, or YOUR NAME in the SUBJECT line, if you are seeking employment. When/if you do fill the position, or become employed, please send a message to coral at coral.aoml.noaa.gov with "JOB FILLED" in the SUBJECT line so that I can remove the posting from the list. Be sure to include the EMPLOYER NAME or YOUR NAME, whatever is appropriate, when informing me of a position filled! Entries will be updated automatically at 8:00 pm Eastern Time (USA) automatically after I review the entry for appropriateness for the Web. Hope this helps! Take care... Jim Hendee ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ | | | Coral Health and Monitoring Program | | Ocean Chemistry Division | | Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorlogical Laboratory | | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration | | Miami, Florida | | USA | | | | Email: coral at coral.aoml.noaa.gov | | World-Wide Web: http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov | | | ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ From JOHEA at rhodes.edu Fri Mar 29 14:57:38 1996 From: JOHEA at rhodes.edu (David Kesler) Date: Fri, 29 Mar 1996 14:57:38 -0500 (CDT) Subject: Information on Black Band Disease Message-ID: <01I2WY4R5A4Y007CZ4@rhodes.edu> I am a college student at Rhodes College. As part of a course, I am looking for information on black band disease. I have checked all library references and internet sources available to me. I have Reuetzler and Santavy (1983), and Carlton and Richardson, (1995). Any further information you can provide me will be appreciated. Thank you in advance for your time. Amanda Johnson My e-mail address is johea at rhodes.edu. From partim at bgnet.bgsu.edu Wed Mar 27 22:02:03 1996 From: partim at bgnet.bgsu.edu (Matt Partin) Date: Wed, 27 Mar 1996 22:02:03 -0500 (EST) Subject: Subjects, clarified In-Reply-To: Message-ID: Could anyone send me recent information on Astrangia danae. It would be of considerable help. -Matt Partin Matt Partin 173 Winfield Bowling Green, OH 43402 partim at bgnet.bgsu.edu From oveh at bio.usyd.edu.au Sat Mar 16 21:41:20 1996 From: oveh at bio.usyd.edu.au (Ove Hoegh-Guldberg) Date: Sun, 17 Mar 1996 12:41:20 +1000 Subject: No subject Message-ID: <1.5.4b11.32.19960317024120.00810934@mail.bio.usyd.edu.au> Two grey literature reports are now available. These reports are 1. Hoegh-Guldberg, O. (1994) Mass-bleaching of coral reefs in French Polynesia, April 1994. 2. Hoegh-Guldberg, O. (1995) The mass bleaching of coral reefs in the Central Pacific in 1994. A followup study and establishment of long-term monitoring sites. http://www.bio.usyd.edu.au/CRRI/LIBRARY/gp1.html ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ove Hoegh-Guldberg Ph: (02) 351-2389 School of Biological Sciences Fax: (02) 351-4119 Building A08 Mobile: 014 811 935 University of Sydney Country code Australia = 61 2006 NSW Australia OHG: http://www.bio.usyd.edu.au/SOBS/ACADEMIC/ACASTAFF/ohg.html Coral Reef Research Institute: http://www.bio.usyd.edu.au/CRRI/crri-ind.html One Tree Island Research Station: http://www.bio.usyd.edu.au/OTI/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------- From reinhold.leinfelder at po.uni-stuttgart.de Mon Mar 18 10:32:31 1996 From: reinhold.leinfelder at po.uni-stuttgart.de (Reinhold Leinfelder) Date: Mon, 18 Mar 1996 16:32:31 +0100 Subject: JURASSIC REEF PARK: educational online article on reefs Message-ID: Dear colleagues, One of the duties of reef research is to inform the public about the importance of reefs. Under this scope I would like to announce the web-launch of an educational geoscience online article on Jurassic Reefs: The JURASSIC REEF PARK (in German and English; by Reinhold Leinfelder, Stuttgart). The article tries to focus in a (hopefully) understandable way on the following subjects: What are the general features of modern and Ancient reefs? (basic environmental demands of reefs, principal reef organisms: modern and ancient) Why were Jurassic reefs so different from modern ones? (different shelf configuration, different climate, different circulation, different organisms) Can Jurassic reefs tell us more about the Jurassic world? (inform about shelf configuration, climate, sea-level change etc). Can Jurassic reefs contribute to the understanding of present Global Change? (Composition and frequencies of Jurassic reefs have changed drastically during a warming episode, preceeding shallow water oxygen depletion; many similarities with present situation? Reefs as climatic buffers? ) The URL is: http://www.uni-stuttgart.de/UNIuser/igps/edu/JRP/Jurassic_Reef_Park.html (but you also may reach the article by going through our IGPS-homepage or our Reefgroup Homepage, see below) Simplifying without making overgeneralizations and mistakes is one of the major problem of such an article. Any comments, suggestions and critics are therefore greatly welcome (and your name will naturally appear in the acknowledgements). The glossary and scientific annotations should be enlarged in the future. Best wishes Reinhold Leinfelder PS: Please forgive me if you have received this or a similar mail already through another round-letter. ******************************************* Reinhold Leinfelder Institut fuer Geologie und Palaeontologie der Universitaet Stuttgart Herdweg 51 D-70174 Stuttgart, Germany e-mail: reinhold.leinfelder at po.uni-stuttgart.de phone: ++49-711-1211340 or -1339 fax: ++49-711-1211341 http://www.uni-stuttgart.de/UNIuser/igps/home.html How about a look at our reef group pages? http://www.uni-stuttgart.de/UNIuser/igps/researchfiles/reefgroup.html