From dbucher at scu.edu.au Sun May 5 20:44:25 1996 From: dbucher at scu.edu.au (Daniel Bucher) Date: Mon, 6 May 1996 10:44:25 +1000 Subject: Open Reply to P Collinson (nubbin growth) Message-ID: Peter, A friend forwarded your request for information on coral nubbin growth studies to me. You may remember me from the ISRS conference in Townsville. I was just starting up my experiments then as part of the ENCORE program. I now have some results of growth (by weight, linear extension and volume) of Acropora longicyathus and A. aspera nubbins exposed to two levels of N, P and NP pollution over two years at One Tree Island. I have also attempted some measurements of Porites porites whilst on Barbados last year (damned parrot fish thwarted much of that!!). Ove Hoegh-Guldberg at Sydney Uni. has been following growth of Pocillopora damicornis and Andy Steven at the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority has data for Acropora palifera from the same experimental design. Contact me if you would like to discuss my results. I have not published yet as the experiment is only just concluding. So far my results support recently-published work from Hawaii that nutrients ALONE may not depress coral growth (indeed they may even enhance it in some circumstances). However, far from being benign (or even beneficial) nutrients do have deleterious effects on other processes important to reef survival and recovery. Selina Ward's work on the same colonies as mine has demonstrated effects on most stages of the sexual reproductive cycle. My own work has hinted at some other processes that might be affected (but it needs a lot more work to confirm it). Danny P.S. can someone tell me how to subscribe to this list? It sounds like there's some useful discussion going on there. ---------------------------------------------------------------- * * * + DANIEL BUCHER * Associate Lecturer in Biology/Ecology Centre for Coastal Management SOUTHERN CROSS UNIVERSITY P.O. Box 157, Lismore, N.S.W. Australia, 2480 Phone: +61+66 203665 Fax: +61+66 212669 E-mail: dbucher at scu.edu.au ----------------------------------------------------------------- From coral at aoml.noaa.gov Mon May 6 08:10:12 1996 From: coral at aoml.noaa.gov (Coral Health and Monitoring Program) Date: Mon, 6 May 1996 08:10:12 -0400 (EDT) Subject: Indonesia marine survey Message-ID: This message forwarded from the marine biology list-server: Date: Sun, 5 May 1996 16:30:45 GMT From: Mike Bunyan Subject: Indonesia marine survey Coral Cay Conservation are sending the research team to the Banngai Island (C. Sulawesi) at the end of September. Volunteers can sign on from minimum 4 weeks up to 12 weeks. The work will be marine and terestial ecology surveys. This is going to be a tough expedition so only the brave need apply. Peter Raines will be giving a pre-expedition presentation at CCC London on Saturday 15 June at 2.00pm. If people are interested in joining this expedition, they had better attend - first come, first serve principle rules! or get in touch quick through Pete Raines at ccc at coralcay.demon.co.uk for more info. phone +44 (0) 171 498 6248 fax +44 (0) 171 498 8447 write 154, Clapham Park Road, London, SW4 7DE www.demon.co.uk/coralcay/home.html From coral at aoml.noaa.gov Mon May 6 08:09:48 1996 From: coral at aoml.noaa.gov (Coral Health and Monitoring Program) Date: Mon, 6 May 1996 08:09:48 -0400 (EDT) Subject: Maui algae bloom and effects online (fwd) Message-ID: Forwarded message: ---------- Forwarded message ---------- Date: Sun, 5 May 1996 16:49:22 -0400 From: Ursula Keuper-Bennett To: owner-coral-list at reef.aoml.noaa.gov Subject: Maui algae bloom and effects online My husband and I have been diving the same site off Honokowai, West Maui for many years. It was an excellent snorkelling/dive spot until a Cladophora algae bloom smothered many of the area's corals in 1989. Since then the area has been plagued with either more Cladophora or Hypnea musciformis or a combination of both. We have attempted to document the degradation of this ocean environment with particular attention to a bloom's effects on corals. We are both laypeople whose primary interest is turtles. 75% of the animals we see regularly have a disease called fibropapillomas. However, for coral types, the essay also records the fate of a large stand of P. eydouxi from 1988 to its ultimate crumbling in 1994. Algae-essay is 373K and has many online graphics of the bloom and other environmental insults. May your reefs never get like THIS! Address is: http://www.io.org/~bunrab/honohist.htm Best and take care ^ Ursula Keuper-Bennett 0 0 Mississauga, Ontario /V^\ | | /^V\ Email: howzit at io.org /V Turtle Trax V\ /V soon 1 yr old V\ http://www.io.org/~bunrab From slcoles at bishop.bishop.hawaii.org Tue May 7 18:05:21 1996 From: slcoles at bishop.bishop.hawaii.org (Steve Coles) Date: Tue, 7 May 1996 12:05:21 -1000 (HST) Subject: Oman Coral Book Message-ID: I have recently published a field guide to the corals of Oman, which also contains information on the marine environment and sources of stress to corals in this relatively little known region. For those interested, information on the book, a few of its color plates and how to obtain the book can be found at http://www.wco.com/~aecos/coles.html. Steve Coles Bishop Museum From coral at aoml.noaa.gov Fri May 10 15:11:52 1996 From: coral at aoml.noaa.gov (Coral Health and Monitoring Program) Date: Fri, 10 May 1996 15:11:52 -0400 (EDT) Subject: Proposed NOAA effort Message-ID: The following document, which will show up better at URL =09http://www.noaa.gov/public-affairs/florida.html later today, represents the most recent proposed NOAA effort to sustain, monitor and enhance valuable ecosystems, including coral reef assemblages, in the Florida Bay/Florida Straits area in South Florida. Your opinions on this effort would probably be of great benefit to policy makers who are charged with reviewing this plan. =09Sincerely yours, =09Jim Hendee ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ | | | Coral Health and Monitoring Program | | Ocean Chemistry Division | | Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorlogical Laboratory | | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration | | Miami, Florida | | USA | | | | Email: coral at coral.aoml.noaa.gov | | World-Wide Web: http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov | | | ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D NOAA ESSENTIAL TO RESTORING SOUTH FLORIDA'S ECOSYSTEM FY 1997 ($ 6 M) THE HEALTH OF FLORIDA BAY AND THE FLORIDA KEYS IS DIRECTLY LINKED TO THE HEALTH OF THE EVERGLADES. Before 1900, freshwater flowed from the Kissimmee Lakes through the Everglades and into Florida Bay and coastal waters, where it mixed with seawater and moved onto the Florida Keys coral reefs. This created some of the world's most productive and diverse coastal habitats. From the Everglades grasslands to Florida Bay seagrass beds and Florida Keys coral reefs, the areas are an ecosystem linked together by the flow of freshwater. WATER FLOW IN SOUTH FLORIDA HAS BEEN DRAMATICALLY CHANGED AND THE ECOSYSTEM IS DETERIORATING. Over the past 50 years, canals, dikes and development for agriculture and a growing population changed the direction, quantity and quality of freshwater flow. These changes threaten South Florida's productive inland and coastal habitats, and the economies and people who depend on them. Like the Everglades grasslands, South Florida's coastal habitats are in jeopardy. Coastal waters have changed: increased salinity, increased nutrient concentrations, increased pesticide concentrations, decreased clarity, and changes in water flow. These changes are contributing to ecological deterioration including: =95=09Dieoffs of seagrasses, =95=09Declining fish and shrimp populations, =95=09Increasing blooms of atypical phytoplankton and algae, =95=09Dieoffs of sponges, critical habitat for spiny lobsters (most valuabl= e fishery in Florida), =95=09Dieoffs of mangroves, and =95=09Deterioration of Florida Keys coral reefs, the third largest barrier reef in the world. Large areas of seagrasses in Florida Bay have been dying since the summer of 1987. Seagrass habitats are essential nursery areas for many commercial and recreational fisheries species. The loss of seagrasses has contributed to declines in seagrass-dependent species such as pink shrimp, with significant economic impacts on South Florida's commercial and recreational fisheries. NOAA IS ESSENTIAL TO THE RESTORATION EFFORT IN FY 1997. The South Florida Ecosystem Restoration is an integrated effort among federal, tribal, state and non-governmental partners to halt continued degradation of the South Florida's ecosystem and restore the ecosystem's valuable functions and services from the Kissimmee Lakes through the Everglades, into Florida Bay and the Florida Keys. The restoration effort is depending on NOAA in FY 1997 for research, monitoring, assessments and coastal management. NOAA's effort is (1) the only portion entirely devoted to restoring coastal components of the South Florida ecosystem, and (2) designed to evaluate the effects of "upstream" restoration actions on coastal resources. NOAA requires $ 6 million new funds in FY 1997 to fulfill these commitments necessary for successful restoration of land and coastal parts of the ecosystem. This is a practical, relatively small investment in comparison to the large amount of federal, state and local dollars that will be spent to restore "upstream" portions of South Florida's ecosystem. NOAA HAS IMPORTANT RESPONSIBILITIES IN SOUTH FLORIDA. NOAA is responsible for management of coastal resources in South Florida including fisheries, protected species and the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary. NOAA's unique science, management, remote-sensing and on-site capabilities provide information on coastal, ocean and atmospheric conditions critical to the entire restoration effort. NOAA will contribute the information and tools essential to successful restoration of inland and coastal areas by focusing on four areas of critical need: 1.=09ESTABLISH INTEGRATED COASTAL MONITORING IN FLORIDA BAY AND THE FLORIDA KEYS NATIONAL MARINE SANCTUARY (National Ocean Service $ 1.7 M) Goal: Establish a long-term integrated ecosystem monitoring program and information base on Florida Bay and Florida Keys to enable managers and scientists to assess ecosystem conditions and the effectiveness of management actions. Description: This initiative will develop and implement the first integrated ecosystem monitoring program for South Florida's coastal and marine areas. The project is designed to inventory, integrate and build on the existing, uncoordinated coastal monitoring efforts. Initial efforts with the State of Florida have already inventoried, placed in a geographically-referenced computer information system and made Internet accessible more than 250 existing coastal monitoring programs. 2. RESTORE SOUTH FLORIDA'S LIVING MARINE RESOURCES (National Marine Fisheries Service $ 1.7 M) Goal: Restore and sustainably manage South Florida's fisheries, sea turtles, marine mammals and their habitats and other coastal resources utilizing the best possible research, monitoring and management tools. Description: Florida Bay seagrasses, delta, mangroves, keys and the coral reef communities are critical habitats for commercial and recreational fisheries, sea turtles, marine mammals, and other living marine resources. All of these habitats are showing signs of stress and experiencing dieoffs. While some of the stresses affecting these critical habitats are known (e.g., fishing, nutrient increases), others are not well understood. The ability to recover from these stresses, and the effects of current restoration efforts directed at the Everglades need to be determined. This initiative will provide research, management and education urgently needed to halt the loss and restore these habitats. It will provide information to evaluate the effects of current restoration efforts, and provide sustainable solutions for the species that depend on coastal habitats. Activities include: =95=09Collect information on the effects of changes in South Florida on s= ea turtles and marine mammals to develop adequate multi-species management plans. =95=09Use information from monitoring programs to assess the status, tren= ds and management needs of fisheries and other living resources of the Florida Key's coral reef system. =95=09Use information on resource status and trends in models to predict outcomes and implement restoration and management of critical fisheries habitats (e.g., reef areas and Florida Bay seagrasses). 3.=09DETERMINE CAUSES OF DECLINES AND EFFECTS OF RESTORATION ON COASTAL RESOURCES (Coastal Ocean Program $ 1.7 M) Goal: Provide information and models to predict possible outcomes and best solutions for restoration efforts in South Florida. The goal is to better predict how restoration will proceed and what actions will reverse the decline in coastal resources and allow sustainable use in the future. Description: The initiative will support research and modeling by NOAA and its academic partners on the natural and human components of South Florida's ecosystem. Much of this information and predictive capability is currently not available. The information and predictions will be used to evaluate the effects of the restoration and human demands on the coastal communities, resources and economies that depend on them. Using social, economic and ecological information, models will be developed to predict ecosystem (including human) responses to various human impacts and natural changes including: =95=09Characterize human and natural stresses and responses in Florida Ba= y and the Florida Keys. =95=09Develop an ecosystem model to predict impacts and guide management = of coastal resources and the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary. 4.=09RESTORING SOUTH FLORIDA'S CORAL REEFS (NOS, NMFS, COP $ 1.0 M) Goal: Portions of the Florida Key's coral reef system are deteriorating. Fishing, pollution and other human impacts have impacted portions of the reef, but many of the causes of reef degradation are unknown and there is little capacity to monitor reef status. This initiative will focus on restoring and sustainably using South Florida=92s fragile coral reefs. Description: To adequately fulfill its restoration and management responsibilities for this special reef tract, NOAA must increase its efforts to monitor coral resources, manage human uses and determine the effectiveness of these efforts. Using remote-sensing technology and volunteer assistants for on- site monitoring, this initiative will: =95=09Build on existing, but limited coral reef monitoring efforts to complete the system required to provide long-term information on the health of the reef system. =95=09Translate and provide this information to coastal managers. =95=09Build public understanding, participation and local support for sustainable use of the coral reef tract. =95=09Establish a cooperative training and research program to exchange information and build capacity for effective coral reef management at local levels. SOUTH FLORIDA'S ECONOMY DEPENDS ON HEALTHY COASTAL ECOSYSTEMS: Large portions of South Florida's economy are dependent on healthy coastal habitats like Florida Bay and the Florida Keys. Deterioration of South Florida's coastal resources will significantly impact these industries, the people that depend on them, and the people who come to use them from all over the United States. Healthy coral reefs, a healthy Florida Bay and clean coastal waters are the foundation of a healthy economy. More than 3 million tourists/year from all over the U.S. spent an estimated $1.3 billion in 1991. Florida's coral reefs are the #1 diving destination in the world, attracting more than 1.2 million divers per year. Divers bring over $ 220 millon/year into the economy. The asset value of water related recreation in the Keys is estimated at $ 22 billion. Commercial fishing is an important part of South Florida's economy. In good seasons, for example, pink shrimp catches produced over $ 120 million/year. Spiny lobster catches produced $ 24 million/year. Recreational fishing produces more than 23,500 jobs. The economic value of Florida Bay fishing trips exceeds $ 9.0 million per year. BENEFITS OF INVESTING IN NOAA'S STRENGTHS: NOAA brings a unique suite of science and management capabilities to the South Florida ecosystem restoration effort through its expertise in coastal and atmospheric research, predictive modeling and resource management. Successful restoration and sustainable stewardship of South Florida's valuable coastal resources will not be possible without application of NOAA's full capabilities. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: David Jansen, Office of Legislative Affairs=09=09(202-482-4981) Matthew Stout, Office of Public and Constituent Affairs=09(202-482-6090) From tsocci at usgcrp.gov Wed May 15 16:17:11 1996 From: tsocci at usgcrp.gov (Tony Socci) Date: Wed, 15 May 1996 16:17:11 -0400 Subject: US Global Change Seminar on the Earth's Temperature Records and Trends May 20th and 21st Message-ID: U.S. Global Change Research Program Second Monday Seminar Series A Close Look at Global Satellite and Surface Temperature Records and Tre= nds (Parts I and II) How is the Earth's temperature measured? What are the historical trends in the Earth's temperature as observed from surface measurements and from satellites? Are these records different? What are the reasons for the differences? Can satellite and surface temperature records be reconciled? Where do the uncertainties lie and how can they be addressed? To what extent do the records indicate that climate is changing due to human influences? What is the evidence that humans are having a discernible influence on the global climate? Public Invi= ted Special Two-Part Seminar: Monday and Tuesday, May 20 and 21, 1996, 3:15-4:45= PM Rayburn House Office Bldg., Room B369, Washington, D= C Reception Following INTRODUCTION Dr. Michael C. MacCracken, Director, Office of the US Global Change Research Program, Washington, DC SPEAKERS Monday, May 20: The Satellite Temperature Record Dr. John R. Christy, Earth System Science Lab, University of Alabama, Huntsville, Alabama, on "The Tropospheric Temperature Record from the Microwave Sounding Units" Dr. Kevin E. Trenberth, Climate Analysis Section, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, on "Relating the Satellite and Surface Temperature Records" Tuesday, May 21: The Surface Temperature Record Dr. Tom M. L. Wigley, Senior Climate Scientist, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, on "Interpreting the Global Warming Record" Dr. Benjamin D. Santer, Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California, on "The Search for a "Fingerprint" of Human Activities in Observed Climate Records" OVERVIEW Temperature is perhaps the most common measure of the climate of a region, whether it is the cold temperatures of winter in Minnesota or the hot temperatures of summer in Arizona. Temperature, along with precipitation, also controls many aspects of ecosystems, helping determine spring blooming and the extent of mosquitoes and other vectors for diseases. For these reasons and more, the longest records of climate in many areas are of temperature. Similarly for the globe, records of temperature are the most abundant, provide the longest quantitative record, and can be most readily compiled and compared. Analysis of the temperature record, on scales from regional to global, has thus been a critical part of studies of the patterns and extent of climatic change. While temperature is the most complete record, the measurements and available data sets, nonetheless, have many shortcomings. For surface measurements, these include changes in measurement techniques, limits to the coverage of measurements, changes in the surroundings around a stations, and many more. Efforts are therefore being made to measure the Earth's temperature from space, but again there are many limitations, including, among others, the inability to measure surface temperature, the changing sequence of instruments, and the limited length of the record. This seminar will provide the opportunity to look closely at the records of both satellites and surface stations, to consider their relative strengths and weaknesses, and to consider what these records show and do not show. The Satellite Temperature Record Since 1979, Microwave Sounding Units (MSUs) on NOAA polar orbiting satellites have measured the intensity of upwelling microwave radiation from atmospheric oxygen. The intensity is shown to be proportional to the temperature of broad vertical layers of the atmosphere, as demonstrated by theory and direct comparisons with atmospheric temperatures from radiosonde (balloon) profiles. A record that is now more than 17 years long has been created by merging data from nine different MSUs, each with peculiarities (e.g., time drift of the spacecraft relative to the local solar time) that must be calculated and removed because they can have substantial impacts on the resulting trend. A natural step with such a record is to look for trends over this period, even though it is quite short compared to the surface temperature record. Between 20=9AN-20=9AS, independent view-angle trends in channel 2 and 4 show= a warming trend in the upper troposphere with cooling in the lower troposphere, implying a non-linear vertical temperature adjustment. The greatest differences between the satellite and surface records occur between 30=9AS-30=9AN and 52=9AN-82=9AN. An important aspect of deriving= trends and looking for any human influence, especially over short periods, is accounting for what might be irregular and extraneous natural events. For the MSU record, these include the century's largest El Nino warming in the early 1980s and the century's largest volcanically induced cooling in the early 1990s. The tilt in the trend caused by these two events suggests a cooling trend over the period of record. When the MSU records are adjusted for El Nino events and volcanoes so that the greenhouse/aerosol effect will likely be the dominant influence, the resulting temperature trend is positive, rising at a rate of +0.055 to 0.0110 =9AC per decade. Because the MSU observations are measuring the temperature of the atmosphere and not of the surface, an important question is how the two are related. While the traditional notion has been that they are closely coupled at all times and throughout the world, this has turned out not to be the case. Recent research is starting to provide explanations for the apparent differences and to explain when and where decoupling of the two temperatures occurs, and how this is likely to affect comparison of the two records. At the May 20 seminar, Dr. Christy will describe the MSU record and point out the different indications that it provides of climate change. Dr. Trenberth will describe how the satellite record compares to the surface temperature record and what this means with respect to conclusions that can be drawn. The Surface Temperature Record According to a recently released report from the World Meteorological Organization, the estimated global mean surface air temperature for 1995 was the highest since reliable temperature records began in 1861. The previous warmest year was 1990, which was just before the Mt. Pinatubo volcanic eruption that has suppressed temperatures for the past several years. The warmth in 1995, unlike that for 1990, could not be attributed to an El Nino because the average Equatorial Pacific Ocean temperature anomalies were near the 1961-90 average for 1995. Instead, the warmth was evident over other regions, including the North Atlantic Ocean, where sea surface temperatures were more than 1=9A C warmer in an area centered around the Azores. In addition, parts of Siberia were more that 3=9A C warmer than the 1961-1990 period. However, as would be expected because of year-to-year variations, the warmth was not uniform; Greenland, the northwest Atlantic Ocean, and the mid-latitudes of the North Pacific Ocean were actually cooler than average in 1995. Temperature records for a representative fraction of the Earth go back to 1861. The temperature record since that time suggests an overall warming of 0.3 to 0.6 =9AC from the 1860s to the 1990s, with the early decades of this century being slightly cooler temperatures than in the mid-19th century and with a secondary maximum of temperatures (compared to the 1990s) in the decades around 1940. Proxy records derived from tree rings, ice cores, boreholes, and other indirect measures, combined with the thermometer record, suggest that the most recent decades are the warmest period since at least 1400 AD, and perhaps as far back as the last interglacial (period of warmth) about 80,000 years ago. The IPCC concluded that this combination of factors suggested that climate change is occurring. The fact that there have been natural fluctuations of the climate over the past millennium of about 0.5 =9AC (about a cooler mean temperature) introduces the possibility that the recent warming might be due to natural processes rather than to human activities. To try to distinguish the human influence, model simulations have been used to generate the patterns of climate change to be expected from changes in a range of different factors, both natural and human-induced. Analyses of these characteristic patterns (or "fingerprints") indicate that the patterns of climate change are much more likely to be due to human activities than to natural factors, leading the IPCC to conclude that "the balance of evidence suggests that there is a discernible human influence on global climate." At the May 21 seminar, Dr. Wigley will describe the records of surface temperatures and the climate trends that emerge, and compare these to the model projections of climate change since the 1861s. Dr. Santer will then describe the recent studies to attribute the observed changes to specific causes of change, especially to human activities. BIOGRAPHIES Dr. John R. Christy is Associate Professor of Atmospheric Science at the University of Alabama in Huntsville, and has studied global climate issues since 1987. In 1989 Dr. Roy W. Spencer, a NASA/Marshall scientist, and Dr. Christy developed a global temperature data set from microwave data that had been recorded by the MSU instrument on NOAA satellites, beginning in 1979. For this achievement, the Spencer-Christy team was awarded NASA's Medal for Exceptional Scientific Achievement in 1991. In 1995 Dr. Christy and Dr. Spencer received a Special Award from the American Meteorological Society "for developing a global, precise record of Earth's temperature from operational polar-orbiting satellites, fundamentally advancing our ability to monitor climate." Dr. Christy obtained his B. A. degree from the CA State Univ., =46resno (Mathematics) in 1973, and later taught science as a missionary teacher in Nyeri, Kenya. After earning a seminary degree in 1978, he served four years as a bivocational mission-pastor in South Dakota where he also taught college math. He subsequently received M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in Atmospheric Sciences from the University of Illinois (1984, 1987) under Dr. Kevin Trenberth. Dr. Christy has served as a contributing lead author on climate assessment reports by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (1992, 1994 and 1995), and has also published numerous scientific articles including studies appearing in Science, Nature, the Journal of Climate and the Journal of Geophysical Research. Dr. Kevin Trenberth was born in New Zealand, where he remains a citizen. He is Head of the Climate Analysis Section at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) in Boulder, CO. After completing a first class honors degree in mathematics at the University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand, he obtained his Sc. D. in meteorology in 1972 from Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Following several years in the New Zealand Meteorological Service, he joined the Department of Atmospheric Sciences at the University of Illinois as an Associate Professor and became a full Professor in 1984, before moving to NCAR in 1984. He continued as an Adjunct Professor until 1989. From 1991 to 1995 he served as Deputy Division Director of the Climate and Global Dynamics Division at NCAR. Dr. Trenberth has served as Editor of the Monthly Weather Review, Associate Editor for the Journal of Climate, and presently serves as editor of the new electronic scientific journal Earth Interactions. and is the author of many research papers. He serves on the executive committee of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Advisory Panel on Climate and Global Change, the National Academy of Sciences Global Ocean Atmosphere Land System (GOALS) panel, the Atmospheric Observation Panel for Climate of the Global Climate Observing System, and the International Scientific Steering Group for the CLIVAR (Climate Variability and Predictability) Program. Dr. Trenberth has been a prominent author in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Scientific Assessment activities and is a lead author for Chapter 1 of the 1995 Scientific Assessment. He is a fellow of the American Meteorological Society, and was made an Honorary Fellow of the New Zealand Royal Society in 1995. Dr. Tom Wigley was born and educated in Australia. After his undergraduate degree he trained as a meteorologist and worked for a year as a research meteorologist before returning to university to complete a Ph.D. in Mathematical Physics. He then joined the faculty of the Mechanical Engineering Department at the University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada. In 1975, he moved to the United Kingdom to the Climatic Research Unit of the University of East Anglia, becoming Director in 1978. In 1993, he left the Unit to join the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR) in Boulder, CO. In 1994, he received a Senior Scientist appointment with the National Center for Atmospheric Research. Dr. Wigley has published widely on diverse aspects of the broad field of climatology; from data analysis, to climate impacts on agriculture and water resources, to climate, sea level and carbon cycle modeling, to paleoclimatology. Dr. Wigley has concentrated recently on facets of the greenhouse problem, and has contributed as a lead author to all of the IPCC assessments of the climate change issue. Dr. Wigley had a major role in the preparation of the 1995 IPCC Working Group I Second Assessment Report, and contributed important information to the reports of the other Working Groups. He was responsible for producing the future concentration profiles for achieving stabilization of CO-2 concentrations used in Working Groups I and III; he produced the global-mean projections for temperature and sea level change given in Working Group I; and he was a lead author for the Working Group I detection chapter. Dr. Benjamin D. Santer is a senior member of the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison (PCMDI) at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA. His research interests include detection of anthropogenic climate change and climate model validation. He received his B.Sc. in environmental sciences in 1977, graduating with first class honors, and his Ph.D. in climatology in 1987. Both were obtained at the University of East Anglia, Norwich, U.K. Dr. Santer's doctoral work focused on the use of Monte Carlo methods (randomization) in the regional validation of climate General Circulation Models. Dr. Santer then served as a postdoctoral research scientist (for two years), and later as a research scientist (for three years) at the Max-Planck Institute for Meteorology (MPI) in Hamburg, Germany, where he worked closely with Dr. Klaus Hasselmann on climate-change detection. He is the Convening Lead Author for Chapter 8 ("Detection of Climate Change, and Attribution of Causes") of the 1995 Second Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Dr. Santer is also currently a member of the Science Advisory Group of NOAA's Climate Change, Data and Detection Program, and of the International CLIVAR (Climate Variability and Predictability) Numerical Experimentation Group on anthropogenic climate change. NEXT SEMINAR: Monday, June 10, 1996 Forest Responses to the Changing Composition of the Atmosphere =46or more information please contact: Dr. Anthony D. Socci, U.S. Global Change Research Program Office 300 D St., SW, Suite 840, Washington, DC 20024 Telephone: (202) 651-8244; Fax: (202) 554-6715 E-Mail: TSOCCI at USGCRP.GOV. Additional information on the U.S. Global Change Research Program (USGCRP) and this Seminar Series is available on the USGCRP Home Page at: http://www.usgcrp.gov. Normally these seminars are held on the second Monday of each month. From coral at aoml.noaa.gov Thu May 16 10:55:53 1996 From: coral at aoml.noaa.gov (Coral Health and Monitoring Program) Date: Thu, 16 May 1996 10:55:53 -0400 (EDT) Subject: Revised NOAA FY97 South Florida Initiative Message-ID: Attached is a slight revision of NOAA's FY97 South Florida Initiative. The biggest changes are to Section 4., Restoring South Florida's Coral Reefs. =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D NOAA ESSENTIAL TO RESTORING SOUTH FLORIDA'S ECOSYSTEM FY 1997 ($ 6 M) THE HEALTH OF FLORIDA BAY AND THE FLORIDA KEYS IS DIRECTLY LINKED TO THE HEALTH OF THE EVERGLADES. Before 1900, freshwater flowed from the Kissimmee Lakes through the Everglades and into Florida Bay and coastal waters, where it mixed with seawater and moved onto the Florida Keys coral reefs. This created some of the world's most productive and diverse coastal habitats. From the Everglades grasslands to Florida Bay seagrass beds and Florida Keys coral reefs, the areas are an ecosystem linked together by the flow of freshwater. WATER FLOW IN SOUTH FLORIDA HAS BEEN DRAMATICALLY CHANGED AND THE ECOSYSTEM IS DETERIORATING. Over the past 50 years, canals, dikes and development for agriculture and a growing population changed the direction, quantity and quality of freshwater flow. These changes threaten South Florida's productive inland and coastal habitats, and the economies and people who depend on them. Like the Everglades grasslands, South Florida's coastal habitats are in jeopardy. Coastal waters have changed: increased salinity, increased nutrient concentrations, increased pesticide concentrations, decreased clarity, and changes in water flow. These changes are contributing to ecological deterioration including: =09Dieoffs of seagrasses, =09Declining fish and shrimp populations, =09Increasing blooms of atypical phytoplankton and algae, =09Dieoffs of sponges, critical habitat for spiny lobsters (most =09=09valuable fishery in Florida), =09Dieoffs of mangroves, and =09Deterioration of Florida Keys coral reefs, the third =09=09largest barrier reef in the world. Large areas of seagrasses in Florida Bay have been dying since the summer of 1987. Seagrass habitats are essential nursery areas for many commercial and recreational fisheries species. The loss of seagrasses has contributed to declines in seagrass-dependent species such as pink shrimp, with significant economic impacts on South Florida's commercial and recreational fisheries. NOAA IS ESSENTIAL TO THE RESTORATION EFFORT IN FY 1997. The South Florida Ecosystem Restoration is an integrated effort among federal, tribal, state and non-governmental partners to halt continued degradation of the South Florida's ecosystem and restore the ecosystem's valuable functions and services from the Kissimmee Lakes through the Everglades, into Florida Bay and the Florida Keys. The restoration effort is depending on NOAA in FY 1997 for research, monitoring, assessments and coastal management. NOAA's effort is (1) the only portion entirely devoted to restoring coastal components of the South Florida ecosystem, and (2) designed to evaluate the effects of "upstream" restoration actions on coastal resources. NOAA requires $ 6 million new funds in FY 1997 to fulfill these commitments necessary for successful restoration of land and coastal parts of the ecosystem. This is a practical, relatively small investment in comparison to the large amount of federal, state and local dollars that will be spent to restore "upstream" portions of South Florida's ecosystem. NOAA HAS IMPORTANT RESPONSIBILITIES IN SOUTH FLORIDA. NOAA is responsible for management of coastal resources in South Florida including fisheries, protected species and the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary. NOAA's unique science, management, remote-sensing and on-site capabilities provide information on coastal, ocean and atmospheric conditions critical to the entire restoration effort. NOAA will contribute the information and tools essential to successful restoration of inland and coastal areas by focusing on four areas of critical need: 1.ESTABLISH INTEGRATED COASTAL MONITORING IN FLORIDA BAY AND THE FLORIDA KEYS NATIONAL MARINE SANCTUARY =09(National Ocean Service $ 1.7 M) Goal:Establish a long-term integrated ecosystem monitoring program and information base on Florida Bay and Florida Keys to enable managers and scientists to assess ecosystem conditions and the effectiveness of management actions. Description: This initiative will develop and implement the first integrated ecosystem monitoring program for South Florida's coastal and marine areas. The project is designed to inventory, integrate and build on the existing, uncoordinated coastal monitoring efforts. Initial efforts with the State of Florida have already inventoried, placed in a geographically-referenced computer information system and made Internet accessible more than 250 existing coastal monitoring programs. 2.RESTORE SOUTH FLORIDA'S LIVING MARINE RESOURCES =09(National Marine Fisheries Service $ 1.7 M) Goal:Restore and sustainably manage South Florida's fisheries, sea turtles, marine mammals and their habitats and other coastal resources utilizing the best possible research, monitoring and management tools. Description: Florida Bay seagrasses, delta, mangroves, keys and the coral reef communities are critical habitats for commercial and recreational fisheries, sea turtles, marine mammals, and other living marine resources. All of these habitats are showing signs of stress and experiencing dieoffs. While some of the stresses affecting these critical habitats are known (e.g., fishing, nutrient increases), others are not well understood. The ability to recover from these stresses, and the effects of current restoration efforts directed at the Everglades need to be determined. This initiative will provide research, management and education urgently needed to halt the loss and restore these habitats. It will provide information to evaluate the effects of current restoration efforts, and provide sustainable solutions for the species that depend on coastal habitats. Activities include: Collect information on the effects of changes in South Florida on sea turtles and marine mammals to develop adequate multi-species management plans. Use information from monitoring programs to assess the status, trends and management needs of fisheries and other living resources of the Florida Key's coral reef system. Use information on resource status and trends in models to predict outcomes and implement restoration and management of critical fisheries habitats (e.g., reef areas and Florida Bay seagrasses). 3.DETERMINE CAUSES OF DECLINES AND EFFECTS OF RESTORATION ON COASTAL RESOURCES =09(Coastal Ocean Program $ 1.7 M) Goal:Provide information and models to predict possible outcomes and best solutions for restoration efforts in South Florida. The goal is to better predict how restoration will proceed and what actions will reverse the decline in coastal resources and allow sustainable use in the future. Description: The initiative will support research and modeling by NOAA and its academic partners on the natural and human components of South Florida's ecosystem. Much of this information and predictive capability is currently not available. The information and predictions will be used to evaluate the effects of the restoration and human demands on the coastal communities, resources and economies that depend on them. Using social, economic and ecological information, models will be developed to predict ecosystem (including human) responses to various human impacts and natural changes including: Characterize human and natural stresses and responses in Florida Bay and the Florida Keys. Develop an ecosystem model to predict impacts and guide management of coastal resources and the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary. 4.RESTORING SOUTH FLORIDA'S CORAL REEFS =09(NOS, NMFS, COP $ 1.0 M) Goal:Portions of the Florida Key's coral reef system are deteriorating. Fishing, pollution and other human impacts have impacted portions of the reef, but many of the causes of reef degradation are unknown and there is little capacity to monitor reef status. This initiative will focus on restoring and sustainably using South Florida=92s fragile coral reefs. Description: To adequately fulfill its restoration and management responsibilities for this special reef tract, NOAA must increase its efforts to monitor coral resources, manage human uses and determine the effectiveness of these efforts. Using remote-sensing technology and volunteer assistants for on-site monitoring, this initiative will: Build on existing, but limited coral reef monitoring efforts to complete the system required to provide long-term information on the health of the reef system. Translate and provide this information to coastal managers. Build public understanding, participation and local support for sustainable use of the coral reef tract. Establish a cooperative training and research program to exchange information and build capacity for effective coral reef management at local levels. SOUTH FLORIDA'S ECONOMY DEPENDS ON HEALTHY COASTAL ECOSYSTEMS: Large portions of South Florida's economy are dependent on healthy coastal habitats like Florida Bay and the Florida Keys. Deterioration of South Florida's coastal resources will significantly impact these industries, the people that depend on them, and the people who come to use them from all over the United States. Healthy coral reefs, a healthy Florida Bay and clean coastal waters are the foundation of a healthy economy. More than 3 million tourists/year from all over the U.S. spent an estimated $1.3 billion in 1991. Florida's coral reefs are the #1 diving destination in the world, attracting more than 1.2 million divers per year. Divers bring over $ 220 millon/year into the economy. The asset value of water related recreation in the Keys is estimated at $ 22 billion. Commercial fishing is an important part of South Florida's economy. In good seasons, for example, pink shrimp catches produced over $ 120 million/year. Spiny lobster catches produced $ 24 million/year. Recreational fishing produces more than 23,500 jobs. The economic value of Florida Bay fishing trips exceeds $ 9.0 million per year. BENEFITS OF INVESTING IN NOAA'S STRENGTHS: NOAA brings a unique suite of science and management capabilities to the South Florida ecosystem restoration effort through its expertise in coastal and atmospheric research, predictive modeling and resource management. Successful restoration and sustainable stewardship of South Florida's valuable coastal resources will not be possible without application of NOAA's full capabilities. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: David Jansen, Office of Legislative Affairs=09=09(202-482-4981) Matthew Stout, Office of Public and Constituent Affairs=09(202-482-6090) From cr10 at mailer.york.ac.uk Fri May 17 17:23:45 1996 From: cr10 at mailer.york.ac.uk (Callum Roberts) Date: Fri, 17 May 1996 17:23:45 BST Subject: Urgently seeking nominations for ISRS council Message-ID: Dear Colleagues, We URGENTLY need nominations for new council members for the International Society for Reef Studies. We are looking for energetic and enthusiastic people involved with reef science (and currently members of ISRS) to help with the development of the society and further the study of coral reefs. If you or any of your colleagues would like to stand for election please reply to Callum Roberts (cr10 at york.ac.uk) or Sue Wells (sue.wells at wcmc.org.uk) by Tuesday 21st May!!! We apologise for the short notice but would greatly appreciate your efforts to identify willing people. Please include with your nominations a few lines about the nominee and make sure you have their agreement that they are prepared to stand for election. If everybody can think of one person (self nomination is welcome!) then we will have an excellent field of candidates. Best wishes, Callum Roberts Corresponding Secretary ISRS From suniwan at po.jaring.my Fri May 17 19:49:49 1996 From: suniwan at po.jaring.my (DON BAKER) Date: Sat, 18 May 1996 07:49:49 +0800 (MYT) Subject: Spawning Events / WorldWide Message-ID: <199605172349.HAA22300@relay1.jaring.my> Dear Coral-List Members, I am compiling data on coral spawning events - as best as possible. I need data worldwide rather than from, say, Florida, USA only. The purpose of my efforts is to try to simulate spawning parameters in a mariculture/raceway setting here in Sabah, Malaysia. I have a selection of hard corals thriving in a 4000L open system raceway. Any data on spawning corals in a captive environment would also be of great assistance as well. I am also needing some good pubs on ID coral species - worldwide as well. Any leads & titles? Many thanks, Don Baker Sabah, Malaysia Suniwang Holdings From P.Blanchon at UAlberta.CA Mon May 20 21:27:42 1996 From: P.Blanchon at UAlberta.CA (Paul Blanchon) Date: Mon, 20 May 1996 19:27:42 -0600 Subject: New review posted on the Reef Resource Page Message-ID: Dear list members, I have recently posted a review of the history of reef geology on the Reef Resource Page (http://www.ualberta.ca/~pblancho/index.html). This is the first of many such 'review modules' that I hope to post over the next year or so. They are essentially draft documents that will provide the basis for an up-to-date and integrated review of the biology, ecology, and geology of modern reef systems. If these reviews are to serve any useful purpose, however, they will require the input of as many reef scientists as possible. So it is my hope that, by using the Web and all its multimedia capabilities, I can solicit your candid feedback, reviews and cooperation. All input will be aknowledged and all reviews will be posted (unless otherwise requested). The first 'review module' addresses the historical development of geological reef science -- an important topic where scientific consensus is attainable. It outlines the _major_ reef theories from Darwin to the present, providing succinct critiques of each. I would particularly like feedback on the conclusion that our ideas on reef configuration and architecture have essentially come full circle back to where they started i.e., reefs are fully capable of producing their own morphology with little help from foundations. Also, I would be very interested in hearing from those of you keen to review or with ideas on the history of biological and ecological reef science. Like the geological review, the objective is to outline the major theories, paradigms etc, provide succinct critiques of each, and end with a brief summary of where we are and perhaps were we should go. I sincerely hope that, by pooling our collective knowledge in these reviews, we can establish a framework that will enable us to address the interdisciplinary problems that reefs presently face. The rationale for such an approach is simple: lack of communication and cooperation among scientists who seek to understand the same natural phenomena can only lead to confusion, duplication, misinformation, and ultimately mismanagement. Paul Blanchon. <><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><> Dr. Paul Blanchon || Research Fellow Dept. Earth & Atmospheric Sciences, 1-26 Earth Science Building, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada. Tel: (403) 492-4205 Fax: (403) 492-2030 E-mail: p.blanchon at ualberta.ca Web: http://www.ualberta.ca/~pblancho/index.html <<>><<>><<>><<>><<>><<>><<>><<>><<>><<>><<> From mschultz at ocean.ocean.fsu.edu Tue May 21 10:23:49 1996 From: mschultz at ocean.ocean.fsu.edu (mschultz at ocean.ocean.fsu.edu) Date: Tue, 21 May 1996 09:23:49 -0500 Subject: No subject Message-ID: <9605211319.AA01465@ocean.ocean.fsu.edu> Dear Colleagues, Does anyone have specific information of areas of high ground water seepage and/or submarine springs in and around Florida Bay? Specific Lat/Long information would the most helpful. Also, we were trying to puzzle out some explaination for hypersaline ground water in the area. Any help? Thanks in advance. Mike Mike Schultz Graduate Researcher Department of Oceanography Florida State University Tallahassee, FL 32306-3048 mschultz at ocean.fsu.edu GO SEMINOLES!!! From oveh at bio.usyd.edu.au Thu May 23 03:37:44 1996 From: oveh at bio.usyd.edu.au (Ove Hoegh-Guldberg) Date: Thu, 23 May 1996 17:37:44 +1000 Subject: The next generation of underwater survey devices. Message-ID: <1.5.4.32.19960523073744.00897b38@mail.bio.usyd.edu.au> The Coral Reef Research Institute is collaborating with an engineering student (Mr. Duncan Burns) on the design of the next generation of underwater survey devices. The project wants input from coral reef biologists who are involved in underwater survey work for management or research. The instrument envisioned is one in which data can be entered directly into a computer and in which other variables like temperature are recorded automatically. YOU CAN HELP IN THE DESIGN PHASE. Please visit the URL and answer the simple form-based questionnaire that is located at the URL: http://www.bio.usyd.edu.au/CRRI/LIBRARY/duncan3.html. ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ove Hoegh-Guldberg Ph: (02) 351-2389 School of Biological Sciences Fax: (02) 351-4119 Building A08 Mobile: 014 811 935 University of Sydney Country code Australia = 61 2006 NSW Australia OHG: http://www.bio.usyd.edu.au/SOBS/ACADEMIC/ACASTAFF/ohg/ohg.html Coral Reef Research Institute: http://www.bio.usyd.edu.au/CRRI/crri-ind.html One Tree Island Research Station: http://www.bio.usyd.edu.au/OTI/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------- From J.MCMANUS at cgnet.com Fri May 24 12:48:00 1996 From: J.MCMANUS at cgnet.com (John McManus) Date: Fri, 24 May 1996 09:48:00 -0700 (PDT) Subject: No subject Message-ID: <31A517B9@msm.cgnet.com> TO:Coral-List FROM:John McManus DATE: 24 May 1996 I have just looked through the homepage of Ursula Keuper-Bennett, as she described on May 6. This is a superb use of the Web to convey to the public what is happening to many reefs. Perhaps other people with websites can help give some visibility to the site through cross-listing and recommended site listings. I hope to see some more sites like this. Has anyone done any studies to explain the algal dominance in Honokowai? The website is:http://www.io.org/-bunrab/honolist.htm Sincerely, John McManus From howzit at io.org Fri May 24 06:49:00 1996 From: howzit at io.org (Ursula Keuper-Bennett) Date: Fri, 24 May 1996 06:49:00 -0400 Subject: Website Correction & Further Comments Message-ID: <199605241049.GAA17292@io.org> Hello John, You wrote: >The website is:http://www.io.org/-bunrab/honolist.htm That will just give people error messages. The ACTUAL address is: http://www.io.org/-bunrab/honohist.htm Honohist stands for Honokowai history. You wrote: >I have just looked through the homepage of Ursula Keuper-Bennett, as she >described on May 6. This is a superb use of the Web to convey to the public >what is happening to many reefs. My husband and I really appreciate the kind words, thank you. I have snorkelled/dived this Honokowai reef every summer since 1977 and he since 1987. Then it experienced an permanent invasion of Hypnea musciformis punctuated by two devastating Cladophora algae blooms in '89 and 91. Our reef got trashed. Since that time we have watched the resident sea turtles in the area sicken and "disappear" (we can't prove they die) from a disease called fibropapillomas. There is a sewage treatment plant (injection well style) within an easy walk and an impressive amount of the red fertile West Maui mountainside (complete with fertilizers from pineapples) makes its way to the ocean bottom via run off. And we get to go back July 1st and dive the area again. For the several of you wondering, yes, we have pondered what effect diving in such waters might have on us.... John you wrote: > >Has anyone done any studies to explain the algal dominance in Honokowai? Sure. Some. A nutrient run-off study conducted in the dry season comes to mind. Another search for whether effluent from the injection wells made it to the ocean. They found some traces but nothing to get excited about. Read a couple of other papers about the seaweed/algae characteristics and distribution. Most of the studies are what you scientists would refer to as "preliminary". I think the thing that stands out most from all the diving over the years is that one Cladophora bloom - just one - can do in a whole lot of corals. That was the message we wanted to send. I need to repeat again, the website is: http://www.io.org/-bunrab/honohist.htm Best regards ^ Ursula Keuper-Bennett 0 0 Mississauga, Ontario /V^\ | | /^V\ Email: howzit at io.org /V Turtle Trax V\ /V soon 1 yr old V\ http://www.io.org/~bunrab From oliver.gussmann at stonebow.otago.ac.nz Tue May 28 01:34:10 1996 From: oliver.gussmann at stonebow.otago.ac.nz (Oliver Gussmann) Date: Tue, 28 May 1996 17:34:10 +1200 (NZST) Subject: Halimeda Message-ID: <199605280534.RAA05342@galadriel.otago.ac.nz> Dear all, Can someone guide me to relevant literature on the occurrence of fossil Halimeda in the Pacific region (and Atlantic?), as well as any studies that have been done assessing terrigenous sedimentation on Halimeda productivity? Cheers, Oliver From davidson at blue.weeg.uiowa.edu Wed May 29 09:51:41 1996 From: davidson at blue.weeg.uiowa.edu (Osha Gray Davidson) Date: Wed, 29 May 1996 08:51:41 -0500 Subject: Sibling species Message-ID: <199605291351.IAA19083@ns-mx.uiowa.edu> I'm interested in the issue of newly discovered sibling species on the reef, as discussed in a January 1994 article in TREE, by Knowlton and Jackson. Can anyone suggest the quintessential example of this, i.e., what was long thought to be one reef species turns out to be many, many sibling species? Thanks, Osha From coral at aoml.noaa.gov Wed May 29 10:24:31 1996 From: coral at aoml.noaa.gov (Coral Health and Monitoring Program) Date: Wed, 29 May 1996 10:24:31 -0400 (EDT) Subject: MAUI link fix Message-ID: Forwarded message: ---------- Forwarded message ---------- Date: Fri, 24 May 1996 17:28:27 -0400 From: Ursula Keuper-Bennett To: owner-coral-list at reef.aoml.noaa.gov Subject: ****BLUSH***** To: John McManus and other Coral'ers I can't believe this has happened! I entered the address of my own website incorrectly by using a - instead of a ~ . Here it is one more time. For information about the degradation of a reef on Maui (Hawaii), the CORRECT address is: http://www.io.org/~bunrab/honohist.htm (I just swept the address with my mouse and tried it personally. Sorry about that and thank you to Howie and Chris for letting me know my "correction" didn't work either!) Sorry for any inconvenience and confusion this error caused. Best regards ^ Ursula Keuper-Bennett 0 0 Mississauga, Ontario /V^\ | | /^V\ Email: howzit at io.org /V Turtle Trax V\ /V soon 1 yr old V\ http://www.io.org/~bunrab From coral at aoml.noaa.gov Tue May 28 14:13:44 1996 From: coral at aoml.noaa.gov (Coral Health and Monitoring Program) Date: Tue, 28 May 1996 14:13:44 -0400 (EDT) Subject: LIZARD ISLAND DOCTORAL FELLOWSHIP 1997 Message-ID: Forwarded message: LIZARD ISLAND RESEARCH STATION Great Barrier Reef, Australia A facility of the Australian Museum LIZARD ISLAND DOCTORAL FELLOWSHIP 1997 The Australian Museum, in conjunction with the Lizard Island Reef Research Foundation, is offering a Fellowship to a PhD student to support field work on the Great Barrier Reef based at the Lizard Island Research Station. The recipient will carry out significant field studies in a scientific discipline relevant to coral reefs. The first annual Fellowship was awarded in 1984, and applications are now invited for the 1997 Fellowship. The Fellowship is intended primarily to pay bench fees at the Lizard Island Research Station for several months field work per year over a period of up to three years. It may also be used for travel and freight expenses and to purchase research equipment, but it may not be used for living expenses or salary. Support will be granted for field work at Lizard Island for a maximum of three years; however, applications for funding for one or two years are acceptable. The amount granted in any year of the Fellowship will be a maximum of A$6,000. The project should result in a significant contribution to coral reef science and the data from Lizard Island should form an important part of that work. The Lizard Island Research Station was established in 1972 by the Australian Museum to support research into all aspects of the biology, geology and hydrology of coral reef ecosystems. Airconditioned laboratories, boats, diving equipment, running seawater aquaria, and accommodation units are provided at the Station. Lizard Island is situated in an extraordinarily diverse marine ecosystem which is carefully managed as part of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park. The large size (7 km2) and height (360 m) of Lizard Island and its adjoining smaller islands and reefs provides a wide variety of habitats and ensures that field work can proceed in all but the most extreme weather. Lizard Island (14o40'S 145o28'E) is located near the middle of the 50 km wide continental shelf: near-by habitats include turbid coastal reefs, mid-shelf platform reefs, inter-reef soft-bottoms including extensive Halimeda beds, sheltered lagoons and high-energy ribbon reefs facing the Coral Sea. Access to Lizard Island is easy with many flights into Cairns from international and domestic ports and daily flights from Cairns to Lizard Island. CONDITIONS OF AWARD Each year, the Fellow will be required to make an oral presentation at the Research Station on his/her research and produce a written progress report including revised budget estimates for the coming year(s). Subsequent funding depends upon suitable progress. The Fellow must lodge a bound copy of his/her thesis in the Station's library. Any non- consumable equipment purchased with Fellowship funds becomes the property of the Research Station when field work has been completed. INFORMATION APPLICATIONS Six copies of the application should be sent to: The Directors Lizard Island Research Station Deputy Director PMB 37 Australian Museum CAIRNS QLD 4870 6 College Street AUSTRALIA SYDNEY NSW 2000 AUSTRALIA Internet: lizard at amss.Austmus.oz.au Internet: alixB at ama.Austmus.oz.au Phone and fax: + 61 (0)70 60-3977 Phone: + 61 (0)2 320-6224 Fax: + 61 (0)2 320-6056 CLOSING DATE 1 OCTOBER 1996 Please see application format, selection criteria and information on costs, below. APPLICATION FORMAT RESEARCH PROPOSAL - Name of applicant - University and Department - Name of supervisor(s) - Project title - Objectives (100 words) - Significance (100 words) -Research plan (maximum 5 pages): outline experimental design and methodology; show sequence of tasks on a yearly timescale; indicate work already completed.. -Financial details (maximum 2 pages): indicate number of years for which funding is sought; provide a detailed budget for each year of funding for the whole project (not just the Lizard Island component), including bench fees, travel and other costs (expenditure on equipment exceeding $200 must be detailed); indicate which non-fellowship funding is already guaranteed and how remaining funding (including that for living expenses) will be obtained; justify expenditure in terms of the research. CURRICULUM VITAE As well as the usual personal, educational and professional information, include: a summary of academic record and achievements; list of publications; date of enrolment in PhD program, and; the name of a referee who may be contacted regarding the application. SUPPORTING LETTER A letter approving the project from the head of the university department where the applicant will be enrolled must be included with the application. Overseas students must also include a letter from their supervisor indicating the acceptability of overseas field work to the program at that particular university, and how closely involved the supervisor will be with the project. COSTS To assist in preparing budgets, the following costs involved in field work at the Lizard Island Research Station in 1997 are provided. All amounts are in Australian dollars. Diving: The Station's regulations require that all scuba dives are done by at least two divers; a boat attendant is also required under some circumstances. All projects requiring diving should allow for at least one dedicated assistant, for whom bench fees must be paid. Contact the Research Station for further details. Bench fees: PhD students are offered a highly subsidised bench fee which includes self-catering accommodation, most laboratory and aquarium facilities, use of a small boat, and scuba tanks and weights for qualified divers. In 1997, the rate will be $29 per day for the student and $25 per day for each assistant. For visits of more than 28 consecutive days, the bench fee is reduced by 10% for the entire visit. Food and freight: Food must be ordered from Cairns for delivery by barge every two weeks, or by air. Food costs are not covered by the Fellowship. Air freight from Cairns is expensive at about $3.00 per kg. Freight carried by the fortnightly barge is $9.00 per grocery carton- sized container. Freight expenses may be paid from Fellowship funds. Travel: Return airfare between Cairns and Lizard Island is $380. There is no scheduled surface transport. SELECTION CRITERIA Selection will be based on the following criteria: 1) acceptance of the applicant into a PhD program to undertake research on a topic related to coral reefs; 2) evidence that the applicant has stipend from a scholarship or other source for the duration of the Fellowship; 3) significance, quality and innovation of the proposed research which must be on an aspect of coral reefs; 4) feasibility of the proposed research within the limitations of budget and safety regulations; 5) significant and efficient usage of the Lizard Island Research Station during each year of funding; 6) evidence that sufficient funding will be available to complete the project as planned, or presentation of a contingency plan for amending the project if additional funding does not become available; 7) evidence of the applicant having relevant research and fieldwork experience; 8) the applicant's academic and research record. From nlbruce at ZMUC.KU.DK Thu May 30 10:05:00 1996 From: nlbruce at ZMUC.KU.DK (Bruce, Niel L. {ZMUC}) Date: Thu, 30 May 96 10:05:00 DST Subject: Sibling species Message-ID: <31AD73C0@AKI.KU.DK> Osha queried " newly discovered sibling species on the reef". I am not sure what organisms were being referred to, but in the smaller crustaceans there are several such complexes, the most spectacular that I know of being a group of small isopods found on coral reefs around the world, that went from one "pantropical cosmopolite" (Cirolana parva) to currently about 20 species, with a similar number yet to be described. If you want to know more, get in touch with me. Niel L. Bruce Curator of Crustacea Zoologisk Museum, Universitetsparken 15, Copenhagen O, DK 2100 DENMARK Ph: +45 35 32 10 00; +45 35 32 10 21 (direct); FAX: +45 35 32 10 10. e-mail: ; home page: From Meyer at 129.137.35.249 Thu May 30 04:52:00 1996 From: Meyer at 129.137.35.249 (Dave) Date: Thu, 30 May 1996 09:52:00 +0100 Subject: sibling species Message-ID: My colleague Gary Spiller, who lacks e-mail access, wanted to know if there were any papers on sustainable harvesting of corals and coral reef aquarium fishes, or ones with baseline data before the fishery started and after. He can be reached at: Gary Spiller P.O. Box 3268 Apia, WESTERN SAMOA If it is easier, please just forward replies to me and I will pass them on. Thank you. don Don E. McAllister /& Canadian Centre for Biodiversity Ocean Voice International /Canadian Museum of Nature Box 37026, 3332 McCarthy Rd. /Box 3443, Station D Ottawa, ON K1V 0W0, Canada /Ottawa, ON K1P 6P4 URL: http://www.conveyor.com/oceanvoice.html E-mail: mcall at superaje.com (or: ah194 at freenet.carleton.ca) Tel: (613) 264-8986, Fax: (613) 264-9204 <---- End Forwarded Message ----> Don E. McAllister /& Canadian Centre for Biodiversity Ocean Voice International /Canadian Museum of Nature Box 37026, 3332 McCarthy Rd. /Box 3443, Station D Ottawa, ON K1V 0W0, Canada /Ottawa, ON K1P 6P4 URL: http://www.conveyor.com/oceanvoice.html E-mail: mcall at superaje.com (or: ah194 at freenet.carleton.ca) Tel: (613) 264-8986, Fax: (613) 264-9204 From Laurie.Ferns at forestry.tas.gov.au Thu May 30 18:27:52 1996 From: Laurie.Ferns at forestry.tas.gov.au (Laurie.Ferns at forestry.tas.gov.au) Date: Fri, 31 May 1996 09:27:52 +1100 Subject: Sibling Coral Species Message-ID: <1AE21070.1521@forestry.tas.gov.au> I am aware of a PHD researcher at James Cook University (Australia) who was/is studying the 'species status' of Platygyra sinensis. From what I can gather from coffee table conversation is that P. sinensis may be complex consisting of five separate species. This work has apparently involved genetic studies. My advice is to contact the University through Dr John Collins at the following email: john.collins at jcu.edu.au Dr Collins should be able to give you a contact. Regards Laurie Ferns Conservation Officer Geographic Information Systems Unit Forestry Tasmania 199 Macquarie Street, Hobart, Tasmania 7000, Australia Telephone (002) 338197 Fax (002) 338252 Email l.ferns at forestry.tas.gov.au From davidson at blue.weeg.uiowa.edu Thu May 30 21:23:15 1996 From: davidson at blue.weeg.uiowa.edu (Osha Gray Davidson) Date: Thu, 30 May 1996 20:23:15 -0500 Subject: Summer classes Message-ID: <199605310123.UAA23699@ns-mx.uiowa.edu> I'm considering taking Eugene Kaplan's summer course (10 days) in tropical marine biology in Jamaica. In case the dates don't work out for that, can someone suggest a similar intensive program for a basic grounding in this area (reefs, et. al.)? Thank you. Osha Gray Davidson From hendee at aoml.noaa.gov Fri May 31 22:57:54 1996 From: hendee at aoml.noaa.gov (James C. Hendee) Date: Fri, 31 May 1996 22:57:54 -0400 (EDT) Subject: scleractinian coral tissue Message-ID: ---------- Forwarded message ---------- Date: Fri, 31 May 96 12:11:18 CDT From: Tonya To: coral-list at aoml.noaa.gov I was wondering if anyone knew of a protocol to isolate intact zooxanthellae from scleractinian coral tissue. I have only found partial or very general protocols. Thanks in advance. Tonya Snell tsnell at lsuvm.sncc.lsu.edu Louisiana State University From coral at aoml.noaa.gov Thu May 30 10:33:47 1996 From: coral at aoml.noaa.gov (Coral Health and Monitoring Program) Date: Thu, 30 May 1996 10:33:47 -0400 (EDT) Subject: CHAMP news Message-ID: Greetings! The Coral Health and Monitoring Program's Home Page at http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov has recently added about 40 new literature citations to its Abstracts section. It is difficult to do, but we have tried to only list references which are directly related to health or monitoring. Also, we have added the following links to the ICRI Page: 1) Report to the United Nations Commission on Sustainable Development 2) State of the Reefs Report These reports were released on May 22, 1996 and are very informative. Sincerely yours, Jim Hendee ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ | | | Coral Health and Monitoring Program | | Ocean Chemistry Division | | Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorlogical Laboratory | | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration | | Miami, Florida | | USA | | | | Email: coral at coral.aoml.noaa.gov | | World-Wide Web: http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov | | | ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~