From avk.uneprcuja at toj.com  Fri May  2 08:13:17 1997
From: avk.uneprcuja at toj.com (Alessandra Vanzella-Khouri)
Date: Fri, 02 May 1997 09:13:17 -0300
Subject: Coral reef hub
Message-ID: <1.5.4.32.19970502121317.00672f4c@mail.toj.com>

Dear All,

I have received brief information about an ongoing activity by the US
Government to establish environmental hubs in various regions of the world.
One of which will be (or is?) in Costa Rica to serve the Caribbean and Latin
America on corals reefs and coastal ecosystems.

Could any one provide us with additional information on this matter and how
to contact the Costa Rican partners?

Thank you.
Alessandra Vanzella-Khouri, Caribbean Environment Programme, UNEP, 14-20
Port Royal Street, Kingston, Jamaica

Phone: 876- 9229267
Fax:   876- 9229292 



From kudalaut at manado.wasantara.net.id  Fri May  2 18:55:42 1997
From: kudalaut at manado.wasantara.net.id (Manado Seagarden diving centre)
Date: Sat, 3 May 1997 05:55:42 +0700
Subject: Workshop on fish visual census - Ustica (Italy), june 1997
Message-ID: <285FF9701D@manado.wasantara.net.id>

To:
All people involved or interested in the
International Workshop on Fish Visual Census
Ustica (Italy), june 1997.

Short communications.

- The web page of the workshop has been recently updated with the inclusion
of all the abstracts so far received. If you want to have a look at the
arguments of the workshop, you can connect to
http://www.wp.com/kudalaut/vcensus.html

- With the opportunity, I remind to all the relators who did not send their
abstract yet, that the best way to send it is via e-mail, as a text file or
as a MSword 6.0 (or previous version) attachment to this address:
kudalaut at manado.wasantara.net.id

- Starting from 15 may 1997 the address <boyer at mbox.vol.it> will be the
active e-mail address for the workshop.

- For all the information relative to travel and accommodation in Ustica,
you can refer to Osteodes Travel Agent <osteodes at skyol.it>.

Thank you for your attention and see you in Ustica!

Massimo Boyer, Paola Bearzi

                    PLEASE, NOTE THE NEW E-MAIL ADDRESS

              * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *  
              * Manado Seagarden Diving Centre            *
              * Kuda Laut Project                         *
              * P.O. Box 1535                             *
              * Manado 95001                              *
              * North Sulawesi                            *
              * Indonesia                                 *
              * Phone and fax: +62 431 861100             *
              * E mail: kudalaut at manado.wasantara.net.id  *
              * Internet site: http://www.wp.com/kudalaut *
              * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *


From reefchck at uxmail.ust.hk  Mon May  5 05:34:49 1997
From: reefchck at uxmail.ust.hk (HODGSON GREGOR)
Date: Mon, 5 May 1997 17:34:49 +0800 (HKT)
Subject: Reef Check Update - May 1997
Message-ID: <Pine.SUN.3.95L.970505171726.22687A-100000@uststf3.ust.hk>

Reef Check Update - May 1997

Reef Check 1997 is an exciting volunteer initiative to carry out the first 
global survey of coral reefs as part of  the International Year of the Reef. 
Teams of recreational divers are being trained by experienced reef scientists 
who will also lead the field work. The surveys will be carried out between 14 
June 1997 (Oceans Day) and 31 August. Simple techniques have been selected to 
detect specific human impacts such as spearfishing, cyanide fishing, sea 
cucumber harvesting, anchor damage to corals etc. The twin Reef Check 
objectives are to obtain a global overview of human impacts on coral reefs and 
to focus the attention of the public, business and government leaders on the 
value and status of coral reefs and potential threats to their health. This 
publicity should help to generate more support for coral reef research and 
conservation.

As of 30 April, more than 100 teams from 35 countries have pledged to 
undertake Reef Check surveys. Many teams are planning to survey more than one 
site, therefore well over the initial goal of 100 reef sites will be surveyed 
as part of Reef Check 1997.

Since the initial announcement in Reef Encounter No. 20, Reef Check 
Headquarters was formally set up in the recently renamed Institute for 
Environment and Sustainable Development at Hong Kong University of Science and 
Technology (HKUST). The HKUST Research Centre has kindly provided funds to hire
an Assistant Coordinator, Australian Ms. Suzie Geermans, as well as donating 
office space, clerical and computer support. In addition, there are now eleven 
National and Regional Coordinators located around the world to help organize 
team activities.

The Web site (http://www.ust.hk/~webrc/reef.html) has been up-dated, and new 
pages have been added to cover fund-raising, media interactions, data 
collection and analysis, as well as photographs of many of the common species 
to be recorded. Even hardened reef scientists will want to have a look at the 
holothurian photos prior to attempting underwater IDs!

Data will be collected throughout the summer. Press conferences will be held 
in each country on 10 September to announce the local, regional and national 
results, and an international press conference will be held in Hong Kong. Both 
CNN and BBC have expressed interest in covering these events.

In April, a California film production company, Thomas Horton Associates, 
experienced with producing Cousteau-type underwater documentaries agreed to 
produce a Reef Check video series to be shown on Discovery Channel. This is a 
major selling point for potential resort and hotel sponsors. We will be 
selecting a number of sites to be featured in the documentary.

Also in April, the Reef Check methods underwent another round of field testing 
in Hong Kong thanks to the support of recreational volunteers from the South 
China Divers' Club and YMCA. Some minor fine tuning was suggested to smooth 
operations and these changes have been added to the web page instructions. A 
brief summary of regional activities is given below:

*****INDONESIA TAKES OFF******
Gayatri Lilley of WWF, has volunteered to be the Regional Coordinator for 
Indonesia. In April, she organized a press conference which resulted in heavy 
coverage in all major English and Bahasa newspapers and TV, and attracted the 
support of four Government Ministers and key institutes and departments. With 
about 17,500 islands stretching six and a half million kilometers from east to 
west and 81,000 kilometers of coastline, Indonesia harbors some of the world's 
richest coral reefs. Surveys are planned in Bali, Maluku, Seribu, Karimun Jawa,
Taka Bone Rete, Sulawesi and Teluk Cenderawasih, Irian Jaya. Gayatri has also 
produced a lovely 3-color logo for Reef Check Indonesia. Contact Gayatri at: 
<glilley at wwfnet.org> Fax: 62 21 739-5907

****** ALOHA FROM KAUAI, USA ******
We are doing Reef Check surveys at the Clean Oceans Conference on Kauai, June 
14, 1997, and are also having a coral reef monitoring workshop. Scientists 
lending a hand will be Drs. James Maragos, Richard Grigg, Cindy Hunter, Brian 
Tissot, Alan Friedlander, and John McManus. A host of local celebrities, 
students, politicians and other notables will attend. Carl M. Stepath 
<sos at aloha.net> Fax: 808 826-7770 http://planet-hawaii.com/sos/

****** GERMANY/RED SEA ******
Moshira Hassan and Gert Woerheide have been successful in working through the 
Egyptian bureaucracy and gaining permission for Reef Check to go forward in 
Sharm el Sheikh, Sinai, Hurghada, Taba, and Safaga, Egypt. Team leaders will 
include biologists from the University of Goettingen, GEOMAR, the University 
of Giessen, the University of Glasgow, Scotland, CEREGE in France, the 
University of Sydney in Australia, the University of Heidelberg, the Marine 
Conservation Society in the United Kingdom and the University of Bologna in 
Italy. Moshira Hassan  <mhassan at geomar.de> Fax: 49 431 600-2941 
Gert Woerheide <gwoerhe at ibm.net> Fax: 49 551 39-7996

In Israel, we are planning a survey for late July - early August, and have 
organized a small team of dedicated divers; graduate students and PhD's at the 
University of Haifa's Marine Civilizations Department. Our plan is to survey 
the southern portion of the Coral Garden Nature reserve, and our goal is to 
make a comparative check of the areas in front of dive centers, and those 
further to the south. We hope to use this information to promote community 
environmental awareness and conservation. As we are sharing the same wonderful 
sea conditions and marine life as our Egyptian neighbors, we hope for some 
combined involvement which may enable us to make some cooperative surveys in 
the Sinai Peninsula. Any questions or comments please contact Joe Breman at 
<jbreman at study.haifa.ac.il> Fax: 972 4824-0391

****** EASTERN USA ******
For Florida Keys Reef Check, we will be training "trainers" on June 7. In May 
we will be recruiting from our list of about 400 volunteers. We already have 
volunteer vessels committed throughout the Keys. Reef Check surveys will be 
carried out each weekend throughout the open period. The trainers will be 
training new volunteers throughout the summer and other trained volunteers will
be monitoring.  I think we will have a great deal of data by summer's end!
Mary Enstrom <menstrom at ocean.nos.noaa.gov>

****** SOUTHWESTERN USA ******
We are organizing week-long Reef Check expeditions to Belize, Cozumel, and the 
Mexican Yucatan.  We are working with Drs Judy Lang, Mito Paz, Chagin and  
Thomas Iliffe as well as with Journey's End Resort in Belize. We have a Reef 
Check exhibit at the Dive Dallas Exposition. There will be an IYOR Reef Check 
Sport Divers Workshop and Coral Reef Conference 22-26 June at Journey's End 
Resort in Belize. Houston news media, both television and newspaper, Skin Diver 
Magazine, and Belize Media will be reporting on the Conference and Reef Check 
research being conducted by participating sport divers and resort guests. For 
conference information, please visit the Journey's End Website at 
http://www.neosoft.com/~jornyend/jer1.htm or contact Kathy Love, Corporate and 
Scientific Telecommunication Productions <ATACAST at aol.com> Fax: 281 438-0905
Reef Check Coordinator Shawn Brooks <sbrooks at waymark.net> Fax: 972 680-7114

****** COLUMBIA ******
The Columbian Society for Coral Reef Studies, SCAR, with the support of several
governmental institutions, has planned many activities for IYOR including Reef 
Check. SCAR gives information through the homepage: 
http://www.biomarina.univalle.edu.co/-gtoro/index.htm.

Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas, INVEMAR and MUSEO DEL MAR present the 
stickers, posters and calendars of IYOR. Newspapers and television publish the 
objectives of IYOR. Nohora Galvis keeps in touch with the organizers of REEF 
CHECK 97 to develop this program in Columbia.
Nohora Galvis <ngalvis at javercol.javeriana.edu.co>

*****CHINA*****
The newly opened Sanya Marine Laboratory on Hainan Island will be the site of 
China's Reef Check operation during June. The laboratory is jointly operated by
Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST) and the South China Sea 
Institute of Oceanology. Recreational divers from Hong Kong will be joined by 
scientists from HKUST and several Chinese agencies. Contact Hong Kong 
Headquarters for information at <reefchck at uxmail.ust.hk> Fax: 852 2358-1582

*****HONG KONG****
The Hong Kong Marine Conservation Society has organized an ambitious program 
for Hong Kong Reef Checkers including surveys of South China Sea atolls Pratas 
Reef, Macclesfield Bank, and the Paracels. In addition to club teams, student 
teams include Hong Kong University, Chinese University and HKUST. 
Marc Smith-Evans <marcse at asiaonline.net> Fax: 852 2546-2659

We apologize for any omissions of news about your site. Please send us your 
latest news for inclusion in the next update. To join Reef Check, please 
contact your nearest National or Regional Coordinator or Reef Check 
Headquarters as soon as possible.



Suzie Geermans
Assistant Reef Check Coordinator
Institute for Environment and Sustainable Development
Research Centre, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
Clearwater Bay, Kowloon, HONG KONG
e-mail: reefchck at uxmail.ust.hk
Reef Check: http://www.ust.hk/~webrc/reef.html


From put-ang at cuhk.edu.hk  Mon May  5 11:25:11 1997
From: put-ang at cuhk.edu.hk (put-ang at cuhk.edu.hk)
Date: Mon, 05 May 1997 23:25:11 +0800
Subject: References on effect of disturbance
Message-ID: <3.0.1.32.19970505232511.0068d5a8@mailserv.cuhk.edu.hk>


Dear Colleagues,

Some time ago we have requested for information on the effect of
disturbance on coral reefs and on specific coral species and growth forms.
We thank you all for all of you who have replied and apologize for not
being able to reply to you individually. We have since compiled a longer
list of references related to this topic. If you are interested in
obtaining a copy of this reference list, kindly just let us know by sending
an email to us. For those of you who have replied to our enquiries, we
would try to send you the list. Thank you again.

Put O. Ang, Jr.
Department of Biology
The Chinese University of Hong Kong
Shatin, NT, Hong Kong
email: put-ang at cuhk.edu.hk


From vbeltran at calafia.uabcs.mx  Tue May  6 17:01:20 1997
From: vbeltran at calafia.uabcs.mx (Victor H. Beltran R.)
Date: Tue, 6 May 1997 16:01:20 -0500 (CDT)
Subject: Reef  Software 
Message-ID: <Pine.A32.3.91.970506155227.16402C-100000@calafia.uabcs.mx>



I would be interested to know if there is software available that allows
the constuction of phylogenetic trees, rates of mutation, etc. of data in 
DNAmt, and genomic DNA.
  I also would like to try asses the general
interest in such a tool.  Any information or comments are appreciated.



From korrubelj at math.unp.ac.za  Wed May  7 02:21:20 1997
From: korrubelj at math.unp.ac.za (Jan Korrubel)
Date: Wed, 07 May 1997 08:21:20 +0200
Subject: Reef  Software - REPLY
Message-ID: <s3703b4a.051@smtp.unp.ac.za>

"Victor H. Beltran R." <vbeltran at calafia.uabcs.mx> asked:

I would be interested to know if there is software available that allows
the constuction of phylogenetic trees, rates of mutation, etc. of data in 
DNAmt, and genomic DNA.   I also would like to try asses the general
interest in such a tool.  Any information or comments are appreciated.

Hi Victor,

Send an email to Neville Sweijd at the University of Cape Town, South
Africa (nsweijd at botzoo.uct.ac.za) for information (he's working on DNA
stuff for his Ph.D.).
His supervisor is Prof. Eric Harley, and I know that Harley has such
software, and develops his own.....

Jan Korrubel

Applied Mathematics
University of Natal
Private Bag X01
3209 Scottsville
Pietermaritzburg
South Africa.

cc: Coral-list



From kat1003 at cus.cam.ac.uk  Sat May 10 06:31:55 1997
From: kat1003 at cus.cam.ac.uk (K.A. Teleki)
Date: Sat, 10 May 1997 11:31:55 +0100 (BST)
Subject: Director - Shoals of Capricorn
Message-ID: <Pine.SOL.3.96.970510111614.13577A-100000@taurus.cus.cam.ac.uk>

The Royal Geographic Society is seeking to fill the position of Director
for the Shoals of Capricorn Programme - see details below.  Note that all
inquires via email should be sent to: shoals at rgs.org and applications MUST
be made in writing and sent to Juliet Larcombe, Programme Manager of the
Shoals of Capricorn Programme (address below). 


       THE ROYAL SOCIETY & ROYAL GEOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY
         (WITH THE INSTITUTE OF BRITISH GEOGRAPHERS)

        The Shoals of Capricorn Programme 1997/2000

                        Director

     The Royal Geographical Society (with The Institute of British
     Geographers) and the Royal Society are to undertake a collaborative,
     multidisciplinary investigation of the submarine Mascarene Plateau,
     which runs between Mauritius and Seychelles in the western Indian
     Ocean, to be known as the Shoals of Capricorn Programme.  The
     programme will explore the key features and processes controlling the
     geology, oceanography, biology and archaeology of the region, and
     field phases will begin in March 1998.  A team of specialists and
     administrators is already in place, with firm links with the host
     nations, and the programme is now seeking to recruit a Director.

     The Director will be responsible for the planning, implementation and
     completion of the project, including the appointment of support
     staff, managing the raising and expenditure of the 1.1 million
     budget, liaison with the Governments of Mauritius and Seychelles, and
     overseeing the requirements of the scientific programme.  The
     Director should be a natural leader with good communication skills
     and a sense of humour, and should have the following experience:

     * Directing a large field programme, preferably with diving
       operations.
     * Managing a large team of international scientists of all ages.
     * Working with Governments at all levels.
     * Fundraising for a multidisciplinary research project.
     * Public speaking and communicating ideas and plans.
     * Budget planning and financial responsibilities.

     The following qualities will be an advantage:

     * Knowledge of Indian Ocean area, Mauritius and Seychelles.
     * Current, active SCUBA diver with good working knowledge of boat
       handling and diving safety.
     * French speaker.
     * Knowledge of a marine science and field research techniques.

     The post is to commence in July based at the RGS-IBG in London until
     late 1997, and then in Mauritius and Seychelles during field phases.
     The Director will report directly to Mr Nigel Winser, the Deputy
     Director of the Royal Geographical Society (with the IBG), and will
     develop the overall Programme with the Chairman, Dr Nic Flemming, who
     is based at the Southampton Oceanography Centre.

     The post is for 2 years initially, with a further year subject
     availability of funds.  The salary scale will be between ?18,000 and
     ?23,000 depending on experience, with an additional London weighting
     paid whilst UK-based.

     First interviews will take place in June 1997 and the appointment
     made in early July 1997.  Please apply in writing, enclosing full CV
     and names and address of two referees, by 23 May 1997 to:


     Juliet Larcombe, Programme Manager,
     Shoals of Capricorn Programme
     Royal Geographical Society / IBG,
     1 Kensington Gore, London SW7 2AR
     Direct tel:  +44 (0)171 591 3066
     Direct fax:  +44 (0)171 591 3031
     E.mail: shoals at rgs.org


     The Programme aims to be an equal opportunities employer.

-=+=-=+=-=+=-=+=-=+=-=+=-=+=-=+=-=+=-=+=-=+=-=+=-=+=-=+=-=+=-=+=-=+=-=+=-=+=-
Kristian A. Teleki

Department of Geography
University of Cambridge
Downing Place
Cambridge  CB2 3EN
Email: kat1003 at cus.cam.ac.uk

Tel   +44 1223 333399
Fax   +44 1223 333392




From osha at pobox.com  Mon May 12 07:29:29 1997
From: osha at pobox.com (Osha Gray Davidson)
Date: Mon, 12 May 1997 06:29:29 -0500
Subject: Citation request
Message-ID: <2.2.32.19970512112929.006dc640@soli.inav.net>

Dear list-serve-members:

1) I have a copy of what appears to be a chapter in a book, but need the
proper citation for the book. It is Chapter (or section) VI: "The effects of
human population pressure on fishing methods: From nets to dynamite to
cyanide," primary author is N. G. Willoughby, and the year must be 1996. Do
anyone know what this is from--and/or Willoughby's e-mail address? Someone
suggested that it  was from a conference held by either the World Bank,
USAID, or APEC.

2) If anyone has the e-mail address for Rodney Salm, could they send that along?

Thanks.
Cheers
Osha
Osha Gray Davidson
14 S. Governor St.
Iowa City, IA 52240
USA

+++++++++++
PH: (319) 338-4778
FAX: (319) 338-8606
e-mail: osha at pobox.com
Center for International and Comparative Studies, University of Iowa


From reefnet at cerf.net  Mon May 12 12:05:23 1997
From: reefnet at cerf.net (Wendy Holland)
Date: Mon, 12 May 1997 09:05:23 -0700 (PDT)
Subject: Society for Conservation Biology
Message-ID: <v01530502000896a18487@[198.94.3.32]>


Dear Coral-List Subscribers,

For your information:

The Society for Conservation Biology 11th annual meeting at the University
of Victoria on June 6-10, will focus on Marine Conservation Biology with
sessions ranging from molecular biology to cetacean life. Along with field
trips to spectacular Pacific Northwest areas, there will be a Research
Video Night hosted by Dr. Elliot Norse of the Marine Conservation Biology
Institute on the evening of June 8th. The conference encourages entries of
interesting marine-related video shot in the field or lab (5 minute limit
of VHS format).

Please contact Wendy Holland at reefnet at cerfnet.com for more information.

Wendy Holland Productions
98 Main Street, Suite 421
Tiburon, CA 94920 USA
1-415-257-5677
reefnet at cerf.net
http://www.reefnet.org



From sos at aloha.net  Mon May 12 15:29:52 1997
From: sos at aloha.net (Carl Stepath)
Date: Mon, 12 May 1997 09:29:52 -1000
Subject: Reef Check- Hawaii
Message-ID: <v03010d02af9d10172295@[207.12.7.23]>

Kaua`i to launch an international Reef Check

Hanalei Bay will be the first location in Hawaii in Hawaii for an
international Reef Check, beginning worldwide on June. 14.  Divers and
scientists at more than 100 locations around the globe will examine ocean
reef health this summer. The sponsoring organization for Kaua`i is Save Our
Seas and the Kaua`i Reef Check will be held in conjunction with its Clean
Oceans `97 Conference, June 13-15 at the Princeville Hotel.

The conference, featuring Bobby Kennedy, Jr., senior attorney for the
National Resources Defense Council, celebrates the International Year of
the Reef, declared by the United Nations, Gov. Ben Cayetano and other
leaders of countries and states.

On Saturday, June 14, professional and recreational divers, with a
knowledge of marine biology and at least one professional marine scientist
per team, will ensure scientific quality of Kaua`i Reef Check in the
nearshore waters of Hanalei Bay, fronting Princeville Hotel. Coordinators
are Dr. Alan Friedlander, a fisheries specialist, and Dr. Cindy Hunter, a
zoologist, both on staff with the University of Hawai`i.

The reef at Hanalei Bay was picked for its dynamic situation. "It is
popular for snorkeling. It is subject to the output of a nearby river. Its
nearby waters are popular for surfing and boating and it is next to a beach
used by a major hotel," said SOS executive director Carl Stepath.

Increasing public awareness of coral reefs, including their value in
producing oxygen for the planet, is a major goal of International Year of
the Reef, Reef Check, and Save Our Seas. Between June 14 and Aug. 31,
one-day rapid surveys of reef sites throughout the world will employ
tried-and-true techniques, such as counting selected species of fish, coral
and sea urchins, and measuring the amount of coral coverage --dead and
alive.

Save Our Seas will report Kaua`i Reef Check data to the international Reef
Check organization, based in Hong Kong. During the first week of September,
Reef Check will report on the basic health of a minimum of 100 reef sites
around the world to the media and on its own web site
(http://www.ust.hk/~webrc/reef.html).

 "This is the first time such a comprehensive, worldwide assessment of the
health of planet's reefs has been attempted," says Save Our Seas president
Teresa Tico. For more information on Reef Check, volunteering and
participating in the Clean Oceans `97 Conference, call 1-800-767-4101.





Carl  :)





                      Carl M. Stepath, Executive Director
                                "Save Our Seas"
                     P.O.Box 598, Hanalei, HI 96714, USA
                          808-826-2525, fax 826-7770
                     website: http://planet-hawaii.com/sos/






From keryea at mail.nsysu.edu.tw  Tue May 13 16:38:27 1997
From: keryea at mail.nsysu.edu.tw (K.Soong)
Date: Tue, 13 May 97 14:38:27 CST
Subject: CITES
Message-ID: <v01530500af9e2da28d33@[140.117.93.120]>

Dear Coral list subscriber:
        Could somebody tell me where to get an updated list of endangered
species in category I, II and III by CITES.  I want to use that to convince
my government that reef corals need to be put in our list of protected
species.
Thank you
Sincerely
Keryea Soong



From neale at serc.si.edu  Tue May 13 14:48:35 1997
From: neale at serc.si.edu (Pat Neale)
Date: Tue, 13 May 1997 14:48:35 -0400
Subject: No subject
Message-ID: <199705131848.OAA00971@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

REEF ENCOUNTER No. 21 
NEWSLETTER OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR REEF STUDIES
CALL FOR CONTRIBUTIONS


Dear all,

We are currently looking for articles for the next issue of Reef Encounter.
We would welcome contributions from a few hundred words to a couple of pages
on any aspect of reef studies, including news, comments, short reviews (but
not original scientific data) and also illustrations/cartoons. Our deadline
is 1st May and text sent by email is strongly prefered. You can also send
illustrations (and text if desired) to the address at the end of this message.

Please email your articles to one of us at:
Maggie Watson,   iclarm at caribsurf.com
David Obura,    dobura at users.africaonline.co.ke
Sue Wells  Senior Editor,   swells at wwfnet.org

If you are interested in joining the International Society for Reef Studies
and receiving Reef Encounter please contact Callum Roberts,   cr10 at york.ac.uk

Finally, Sue, David, and I would like to apologise to any members still
awaiting Reef Encounter No. 20. If it's not with you yet it is in the post.
The delay was due to two job changes amongst the editors who are now rather
spread out across the globe. However, we are determined to get No. 21 back
on schedule. Please bear with us and keep sending in your articles!



Maggie, Sue and David
____________________________________________
ICLARM Caribbean/Eastern Pacific Office,
c/o Conservation and Fisheries Department,
P.O. Box 3233, Road Town, Tortola,
British Virgin Islands.
Tel.:1-809-494 5681(office hours) or 1-809-499 2199 (mobile - any time)
Fax: 1-809-494 2670
e-mail: iclarm at caribsurf.com
============================================

------------------------------------------------------------------------
Patrick J. Neale
Smithsonian Environmental Research Center
P.O. Box 28
Edgewater MD 21037
PH: 410-798-4424 ext 285
FX: 301-261-7954


From spero at topaz.ucdavis.edu  Tue May 13 16:14:47 1997
From: spero at topaz.ucdavis.edu (Howie Spero)
Date: Tue, 13 May 1997 13:14:47 -0700
Subject: coral user group web site
Message-ID: <v03007806af9e7c11d557@[128.120.25.51]>

Would someone have the web site that contains past coral-list communiques.
I'm pretty sure NOAA has one on line. Thanks.

Howie Spero

____________________________________________________________________________

   ***********************************************************************
   *                            *                                        *
   *                            *                                        *
   *  Dr. Howard J. Spero	*		 			 *
   *  Associate Professor       *   e-mail:   spero at geology.ucdavis.edu  *
   *  Department of Geology     *   Office:   (916) 752-3307             *
   *  University of California  *   Lab:      (916) 752-3311             *
   *  Davis CA 95616-8605 USA   *   FAX:      (916) 752-0951             *
   *                            *                                        *
   *                            *                                        *
   ***********************************************************************

____________________________________________________________________________



From coral at aoml.noaa.gov  Wed May 14 06:30:58 1997
From: coral at aoml.noaa.gov (Coral Health and Monitoring Program)
Date: Wed, 14 May 1997 06:30:58 -0400 (EDT)
Subject: Coral-List, flames, and multiple messages.
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.970514062532.2098A-100000@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>


Ladies and Gents,

	Please discontinue flaming Wendy Holland or sending her messages
concerning the recent multiple-bounce problem.  For those of you who have
sent rude messages to her, this is unacceptable.  This happened through no
fault of hers.  The problem appears to be a mail routing problem in
Australia, believe it or not.  Until this problem is completely cleared
up, I'm shutting down the coral-list.  These things happen.  The Internet
is not infallible, and if you are unhappy that you are receiving multiple
messages, I'm sorry about that, I'm not too happy about it either.

	Thank you for your patience.

	Cheers,
	Jim Hendee



From coral at aoml.noaa.gov  Thu May 15 10:05:17 1997
From: coral at aoml.noaa.gov (Coral Health and Monitoring Program)
Date: Thu, 15 May 1997 10:05:17 -0400 (EDT)
Subject: Coral-List back up
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.970515100033.4639E-200000@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>


I like Ernie Matson's comment concerning the recent multiple postings
problem.  He thought it was a mass spawning event!  (Thanks, Ernie...)

Hopefully this posting will not be a mass spawing event and you will only
get one copy.  I've attached the basic sign-on document for those of you
who misplaced it and requested it for purposes of signing off.

There are several messages awaiting posting, but I'll wait to see if this
bounces all over the Internet before posting them.  Cross your fingers...

	Cheers,

	JCH
	coral-list administrator
-------------- next part --------------

Welcome to the Coral Health and Monitoring List-Server!

	The purpose of the Coral Health and Monitoring list-server is to
provide a forum for Internet discussions and announcements among coral
health researchers pertaining to coral reef health and monitoring
throughout the world.  The list is primarily for use by coral health
researchers and scientists.  Currently, about 800 researchers are
subscribed to the list.  Appropriate subjects for discussion might
include:

	o  bleaching events
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Web Home Page at the following URL:

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-- Add your name to the Coral Researchers Directory! --

	After you read this message, you may wish to add your name to the
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Subject: line of your message:

Name:		(How you'd like it to appear, e.g., Vice Pres. Al Gore)
Title:
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	me, too!" to the entire list will make you unpopular
	in a hurry.  Double-check your "To: " line before
	sending.

2) Do not "flame" (i.e., scold) colleagues via the coral-list.  If
	you feel compelled to chastise someone, please send them
	mail directly and flame away.

3) Please conduct as much preliminary research into a topic
	as possible before posting a query to the list. (In
	other words, you shouldn't expect others to do your
	research for you.) Please consider:

	o  Your librarian (an extremely valuable resource)
	o  The CHAMP Literature Abstracts area at the CHAMP Web:
	o  The CHAMP Online Researcher's Directory
		(i.e., search for your topic, ask the
		experts directly)
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  But please *do* avail yourself of the list when you've exhausted
	other sources.

4)  Please see the CHAMP pages for employment related issues
	instead of posting job requests to coral-list.

5)  Please carefully consider the purpose of the coral-list
	before posting a message.  This is a forum comprised
	primarily of researchers who devote major portions
	of their work time to the study of corals or
	coral-related issues.

6)  Succinct postings are greatly appreciated by all.


-- Problems --

	If you have any problems concerning the list, please feel free to
drop a line to:  hendee at aoml.noaa.gov.


	We hope you enjoy the list!


	Sincerely yours,

	Jim Hendee
	Louis Florit
	Philippe Dubosq

        Ocean Chemistry Division
        Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory
        National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
        4301 Rickenbacker Causeway
        Miami, FL  33149-1026
        USA

From eakin at ogp.noaa.gov  Thu May 15 12:01:27 1997
From: eakin at ogp.noaa.gov (Mark Eakin)
Date: 15 May 1997 12:01:27 U
Subject: State of the Reefs Report
Message-ID: <n1348424762.85134@ogp.noaa.gov>

                           Subject:                         Time:   11:44 AM
                           State of the Reefs Report        Date:   5/15/97

The "State of the Reefs" report, produced in May 1995, as a preparation for
the ICRI Conference in Dumaguete, Philippines, has been available on the web
in an abridged form at:
     http://www.nos.noaa.gov/icri/state.html

The full text, complete with all of the maps is now available as well.  It can
be found at:
     http://www.ogp.noaa.gov/misc/coral/sor/

Cheers, Mark


From coral at aoml.noaa.gov  Thu May 15 13:25:28 1997
From: coral at aoml.noaa.gov (Coral Health and Monitoring Program)
Date: Thu, 15 May 1997 13:25:28 -0400 (EDT)
Subject: U/W digital (video) cameras
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.970515132421.5428A-100000@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Forwarded message:

Date: Tue, 13 May 1997 16:31:17 -1000 (HST)
From: Bruce Carlson <carlson at soest.hawaii.edu>
To: Erik Meesters <meese000 at goofy.zdv.uni-mainz.de>
cc: Coral-List <coral-list>
Subject: Re: U/W digital (video) cameras

I have been in Palau for several weeks and therefore unable to respond to
the slew of questions about the SONY 1000 camera.  Most of you asked that
I post a response to everyone on the list -- so here goes.

First, check out Richard Pyle's web page.  He is capturing still images
from his SONY digital video camera and posting them on his web page after
each of his 300' dives on the reefs in Palau.  His web page address is:

		http://www.bishop.hawaii.org/bishop/treks/palautz97/

Both Richard and I tested our cameras in our separate Amphibico housings
and both of us had difficulties.  At 180' my housing stopped functioning.
The manual aperture button stuck would not release once pushed to the "on"
position, neither would the zoom or focus buttons operate.  The only
function that would work at that depth was the record-on/off button.
Function resumed to normal once I returned to depths above 150' a few
minutes later.  Likewise, Richard's camera failed to function at even
deeper depths.  According to the person using it (not Richard) the camera
took on a "mind of its own" and began to focus and record etc. without
hitting the buttons.

These problems seem to be related to the housing and not the camera.  The
camera otherwise functioned superbly and produces excellent images.
Moreover with the digital copying capability of the SONY cameras we could
make exact copies between the various cameras available to us in Palau
(seven SONY 1000's at one time in one place!) using the firewire (I noted
that someone mentioned the Panasonic digital camera has a better
viewfinder which might be useful, but as of now, you cannot make digital
copies off of the Panasonic camera which I find to be a distinct
disadvantage of the Panasonic camera).

One other point for amateur videophiles like me:  don't let the sun
directly hit the viewfinder on your camera!  This can easily happen on a
boat when you pass it up to someone else.  The sun leaves nasty permanent
greenish smudges on the viewfinder screen!

Hope this information is of value to all who asked.

Bruce Carlson


From coral at aoml.noaa.gov  Thu May 15 13:26:37 1997
From: coral at aoml.noaa.gov (Coral Health and Monitoring Program)
Date: Thu, 15 May 1997 13:26:37 -0400 (EDT)
Subject: J.Wyatt Durham  (fwd)
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.970515132606.5428C-100000@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>


---------- Forwarded message ----------

Date: Thu, 15 May 1997 09:56:26 -0400 (EDT)
From: pglynn at rsmas.miami.edu (Peter Glynn)
Subject: J.Wyatt Durham

Hello All:

        I remember seeing an obituary-like message on J.W. Durham a few
months ago.  Could someone please forward this message to me or give me a
reference for a published version of this message.  Thanks for your help.

        Cheers, PW Glynn


From coral at aoml.noaa.gov  Thu May 15 13:26:01 1997
From: coral at aoml.noaa.gov (Coral Health and Monitoring Program)
Date: Thu, 15 May 1997 13:26:01 -0400 (EDT)
Subject: Reef Encounter deadline (fwd)
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.970515132537.5428B-100000@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>


---------- Forwarded message ----------
From: "ICLARM CEPO" <iclarm at caribsurf.com>
To: "Coral List" <coral-list>
Subject: Reef Encounter deadline
Date: Wed, 14 May 1997 15:29:36 -0300

Dear all,

It seems our message of 10th April calling for contributions for Reef
Encounter 21 (newsletter of the International Society for Reef Studies) is
mysteriously being recirculated. Please note that the deadline for the
issue currently being prepared was the beginning of May. We welcome
articles submitted at any time but any further contributions will be held
over until the December issue (copy deadline at the beginning of October).

Maggie Watson
____________________________________________
ICLARM Caribbean/Eastern Pacific Office,
c/o Conservation and Fisheries Department,
P.O. Box 3233, Road Town, Tortola,
British Virgin Islands.
Tel.:1-809-494 5681(office hours) or 1-809-499 2199 (mobile - any
time)
Fax: 1-809-494 2670
e-mail: iclarm at caribsurf.com
============================================


From coral at aoml.noaa.gov  Thu May 15 13:27:41 1997
From: coral at aoml.noaa.gov (Coral Health and Monitoring Program)
Date: Thu, 15 May 1997 13:27:41 -0400 (EDT)
Subject: Marine Sanctuaries (fwd)
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.970515132641.5428D-100000@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>


---------- Forwarded message ----------

From: stepath at aloha.net
Subject: Marine Sanctuaries

Aloha to all,

Hope this note does not bother you, if it does just consider it a get well
note for the planet.  Please send this on to your friends so they can send
a letter, too, if you care to support marine sanctuaries.  With email like
this all you have to do is copy and paste in your word processor.

On or before June 6, 1997, the Governor of Hawaii will decide on whether
to approve or reject NOAA's Hawaiian Islands Humpback Whale National
Marine Sanctuary. The Governor needs to hear that there is public support
for the Hawaiian Islands Humpback Whale National Marine Sanctuary or it
may be rejected. The Hawaii Sanctuary provides an opportunity to
coordinate the various activities of Federal, State and local government
agencies and the public which may affect humpback whales and their
habitat. The Sanctuary also has established a citizens advisory council to
allow public input into the management of the site and wild provide
additional resources for marinerelated research' long term monitoring and
education projects.

Now is the time to show your support and ensure that Hawaii's humpback
whales and their marine habitat ere protected for future generations to
enjoy'


Direct all letters to:

Honorable Benjamin J. Cayetano, Governor State of Hawaii, Executive
Chambers, Hawaii State Capitol, Honolulu, HI 96813, or FAX. (808) 586-0006,
E-mail: gov at aloha.net

 AND/or

call toll free as well.............

984-2400, then after new dial tone, punch in 60034 #


SAMPLE LETTER (modify and then send if you so desire):

May 14, 1997

Governor Ben Cayetano
State of Hawaii
Executive Chambers
Hawaii State Capitol
Honolulu, HI 96813
fax: 808-586-0006

Dear Governor Cayetano,

The shallow, warm waters surrounding the main Hawaiian Islands compress
one of the world's most important humpback whale habitats. Scientists
estimate that twothirds of the entire North Pacific humpback whale
population migrate to Hawaiian waters to engage in breeding, calving and
nursing activities.  The continued protection of humpback whales and their
Hawaiian habitat is crucial to the longterm recovery of this magnificent
endangered species.  These waters are also home to the highly endangered
Hawaiian monk seal, sea turtles, seabirds and many endemic coral reef fish
and invertebrate species.

I urge you to approve the Final Management Plan of NOAA's Hawaiian Islands
Humpback Whale National Marine Sanctuary The Hawaii Sanctuary provides an
opportunity to coordinate the various activities of Federal, State and
local government agencies and the public which may affect humpback whales
and their habitat.  The Sanctuary also has established a citizens advisory
council to allow public input into the management of the site and will
provide additional resources for marinerelated research, longterm
monitoring and education projects

Your support of the Sanctuary will ensure that Hawaii's humpback whales
and their marine habitat are protected for future generations to enjoy.
The protection and management of marine resources is important to all our
livelihoods.

Sincerely,


Carl  :)












From cindyh at hawaii.edu  Thu May 15 18:52:06 1997
From: cindyh at hawaii.edu (Cindy Hunter)
Date: Thu, 15 May 1997 12:52:06 -1000
Subject: Precious Coral Monitoring
In-Reply-To: <Pine.SGI.3.92.970515100033.4639E-200000@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Message-ID: <Pine.GSO.3.95q.970515122742.4707E-100000@uhunix3>


The Hawaii State Division of Aquatic Resources is interested in knowing
what kinds of precious coral monitoring studies or programs might
currently be in effect on a global basis. If you are involved in or know
of such studies, would you kindly contact me? I will pass the information
on to them.

Thanks,
Cindy Hunter


From reavis at imap2.asu.edu  Fri May 16 11:10:26 1997
From: reavis at imap2.asu.edu (Robert H. Reavis)
Date: Fri, 16 May 1997 08:10:26 -0700
Subject: No subject
Message-ID: <v01520d09afa229242543@[129.219.5.36]>

USC WRIGLEY INSTITUTE FOR
ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES


SUMMER EDUCATION  PROGRAM
NATURAL HAZARDS AND BUSINESS RISK       JUNE 2 - 6 OR JUNE 9 - 13, 1997

Instructors: Anthony Michaels, Tom Henyey , Dave Malmquist and others
Total Cost: $1100
This course will explore the state-of-the-art in scientific understanding
of natural hazards such as tropical cyclones, earthquakes and floods and
the relevance of these hazards to insurance and other types of business
risk. We will examine climate forecasting on all time-scales and also
discuss earthquake risk assessment. We will present new strategies for
linking science to the business decisions in insurance and other areas of
finance. The course is designed for working underwriters, business school
majors and other decision makers. The course is offered twice this summer
and will be repeated at later dates.

CASE STUDIES IN TROPICAL COASTAL DEVELOPMENT    JUNE 9 - 13, 1997

Instructor: Linwood Pendleton   Total Cost: $450
The course introduces students to the physical, economic, and policy issues
of tropical coastal development. Lectures and case studies teach students
to identify development impacts, sources of impacts, and methods for
managing coastal development. The cases are drawn from real-life
experiences from the Caribbean and Africa.

RESEARCH DIVING JUNE 16 - 27, 1997

Instructors:  Pete Pehl (USC), Don Canestro (UCSC),     Standard Rate: $850
 Frank DiCrisi (UCLA), Dennis Divens (UCSB),    Discounted Rate: $450
        Henry Fastenau  (UCD), Mark Flahan (SDSU)
This course will result in a research diving certification that is accepted
at most California Universities and around the world at institutions that
offer reciprocity through the American Associate of Underwater Science
program. Students will be instructed in basic and advanced diving skills,
rescue techniques, CPR and oxygen administration. The course will be team
taught by the Dive Safety Officers from a number of California Universities
and there is a special discount to students from the home institutions of
these instructors.

EMERGENCY DIVING ACCIDENT MANAGEMENT (EDAM)     JULY 13-18, 1997
Instructors: K. Huggins, L. Sadler, J. Sipsey, M. Tulin         Total Cost: $600
An intensive lecture-based course dealing with aspects of diving accidents.
Students will be exposed to case histories of diving accidents to evaluate
the events, equipment, or errors precipitating the accident; determine ways
in which these problems can be avoided in future dive planning; learn about
the physiology and pathology of decompression sickness and air embolism
injuries; understand the psychological issues involved, as instructor,
rescuer, or chamber operator, in dealing with a diving accident; get an
in-depth look at how decompression tables and dive computers are put
together, and what Doppler bubble detection has to do with current
decompression research. Many other topics will also be covered. For an
additional fee of $25, students can participate in two chamber dives (60
fsw and 165 fsw).
PLATE TECTONICS, EARTHQUAKES AND        JULY 14 - 21, 1997
SANTA CATALINA ISLAND

Instructor: R.D. Francis        Total Costs: $477
This course is designed for geology students, high school teachers,
community college instructors and all with an interest in southern
California geology.  Students will collect rock and sediment samples from
the seafloor, probe below the seafloor with seismic reflection and
echosounder methods, and observe submerged outcrops with side-scan sonar
and remote controlled submersibles. Lecture topics include plate tectonics,
development of the offshore California Borderland province, the geologic
and tectonic history of Santa Catalina Island, and offshore active faults.

BIOLOGICAL OCEANOGRAPHY         JULY 21 - AUGUST 8, 1997

Instructors: William Cochlan, Mark Wells        Total Costs: $1800
An intense lecture/laboratory course covering the fundamental biological
oceanographic processes within the marine environment off southern
California and the open ocean. The interrelationships among marine
communities and the macro- and micro-chemical factors which influence
production will be discussed with an emphasis on understanding and
measuring how environmental factors affect the production of the world's
ocean. The biology and ecological roles of the microorganisms occupying
lower trophic levels will form the core of study.

MARINE FISHES OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA    JULY 21 - AUGUST  8, 1997
Instructor: Robert Reavis       Total Cost: $1800
This course will introduce students to both classical and current topics in
ichthyology, with a focus on the abundant ichthyofauna around Santa
Catalina Island. Students will learn the anatomy, functional morphology,
systematics, and identification of local fishes. The second week will be
devoted to lab and field studies (which may include snorkel and SCUBA) in
behavior and ecology. Students will conduct their own research project and
present their findings in oral and written reports.




For More Information...

The Wrigley Institute Summer Education Program is open to everyone. These
non-credit courses will take place at the Wrigley Marine Science Center,
located 22 miles offshore from Los Angeles at Big Fisherman Cove on Santa
Catalina Island. Application forms, financial assistance information,
course details and general information about life on Catalina Island are
available from the Wrigley Institute offices or on the WIES Web pages. The
deadline for enrollment is June 1.  For further information, please contact
us at:

USC Wrigley Institute for Environmental Studies
University of Southern California
Allan Hancock Foundation 232
Los Angeles, CA 90087-0371
phone: 213-740-6780
fax: 213-740-2720
wies at mizar.usc.edu
www.usc.edu/dept/LAS/WIES

-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Robert H. Reavis                        reavis at imap2.asu.edu
Life Sciences, ASU West                 Phone: (602) 543-6047
4701 W. Thunderbird Rd                  FAX: (602) 543-6073
Phoenix AZ 85069-7100
                        "So long, and thanks for all the fish." D. Adams

-------------------------------------------------------------------------



From fthomas at jaguar1.usouthal.edu  Fri May 16 13:42:18 1997
From: fthomas at jaguar1.usouthal.edu (Flo Thomas)
Date: Fri, 16 May 1997 12:42:18 -0500 (CDT)
Subject: Graduate assistantshi available
Message-ID: <199705161742.MAA07632@ns1.acan.net>


       Graduate research assistantship available (Ph.D).  Dr. Florence
Thomas of the Dauphin Island Sea Lab has a 5 year assistantship available
for a Ph.D. level student to work on a funded project in community scale
biomechanics.  The assitantship includes a stipend and tuition to the
University of South Alabama's program in Marine Science.  The research is
interdisciplinary in nature and uses a comparative approach to explore how
organism morphology affects chemical and particle transport at the scale of
the community.  The research will include both field and laboratory
components.  Initial experiments will focus on coral reefs, seagrass
communties, gorgonians, and submerged aquatic vegitation.  The position is
appropriate for students interested in biomechanics, functional morphology,
marine ecology, and the role of physical processes in coastal environments.
If you are interested please contact Dr. Florence Thomas as soon as
possible, Dauphin Island Sea Lab, P.O. Box 369-370, Dauphin Island, Al
36529: (334) 861-7455; FAX (334) 861-7540; Email, fthomas at jaguar1.usouthal.edu. 
Florence I.M. Thomas
Senior Marine Scientist/Assistant Professor
Dauphin Island Sea Lab
P.O. Box 369-370
Dauphin Island, Al 36528

334-861-7544



From LAURETTA at earth.wri.org  Fri May 16 15:03:03 1997
From: LAURETTA at earth.wri.org (Lauretta Burke)
Date: Fri, 16 May 1997 15:03:03 -0400
Subject: Precious Coral Monitoring -Reply
Message-ID: <s37c7733.062@earth.wri.org>

Cindy,

I am a research analyst, specializing in environmental applications of
geographic information systems (GIS) with the World Resources Institute
(WRI) in Washington, DC.   We have a global project examining potential
pressures on coral reefs called Reefs at Risk.  The goal of the project is
to develop a preliminary index, which will be presented in map form,
depicting relative potential pressure (or risk) to major coral reefs of the
world.  

The analysis will rely upon the use of proxies as indicators of indirect
pressures on coral reefs.  The indirect pressures that we wish to
evaluate include nearby coastal development, over-exploitation of reef
resources, marine-based pollution and sedimentation from upstream
(inland) land use.  The proxies we are planning on using are based on
data on population density, locations of built-up areas, airports, ports,
tourism sites, shipping lanes, and oil rigs.  The proxies related to
upstream land use will be evaluated by watershed, and will be based
upon deforestation estimates for the area, slope, peak monthly
precipitation and land cover within the watershed.  Underlying datasets
will be primarily at a 1:1 million to 1:5 million scale (1 km.  to 5 km.
resolution).

We are also interested in qualitative information on the condition of coral
reefs globally, where available.  Out main collaborators for this project
are ICLARM in the Philippines and the World Conservation Monitoring
Centre (WCMC) in the U.K.

A draft methodology for the project has been developed and is currently
being reviewed.  We are in the process of implementing the methodology
for a pilot area in East Africa.

Feel free to contact me if you wish to get more details.

Lauretta Burke

=====================================================
=====================================================
>>> Cindy Hunter <cindyh at hawaii.edu> 05/15/97 06:52pm >>>wrote:

The Hawaii State Division of Aquatic Resources is interested in knowing
what kinds of precious coral monitoring studies or programs might
currently be in effect on a global basis. If you are involved in or know of
such studies, would you kindly contact me? I will pass the information on
to them.

Thanks,
Cindy Hunter



From amymcbi at erols.com  Fri May 16 18:48:19 1997
From: amymcbi at erols.com (Amy Mathews-Amos)
Date: Fri, 16 May 1997 15:48:19 -0700
Subject: Post-doc in Marine Conservation Biology
Message-ID: <337CE433.5A66@erols.com>

Please accept our apology for cross-postings.


           POST-DOC IN MARINE CONSERVATION BIOLOGY

  Marine Conservation Biology Institute is seeking a Postdoctoral
Fellow starting Fall 1997 or shortly thereafter.  This will be a one-
year position with possible renewal and will be based at MCBI's
Headquarters in Redmond WA USA.  Salary: high 20s-low 30s.

  MCBI is a nonprofit, tax-exempt organization dedicated to
advancing the science of marine conservation biology.  The person
who is chosen will work closely with MCBI's staff--President Elliott
Norse (Headquarters), Program Director Amy Mathews-Amos (DC
Office) and Program Assistant Aaron Tinker (Headquarters)--to:

1) develop emerging issues in marine conservation biology.  This
involves using library research, networking with colleagues, and
organizing and running scientific workshops.  The goal is to find
scientific information relevant to under-appreciated threats to marine
biodiversity or ways to protect, restore or sustainably use it, then to
synthesize this information into a coherent "issue" for decision
makers and the public to catalyze action;

2) help build a compelling case for establishing a federal funding
mechanism for marine conservation biology research in the USA;

3) publish on marine conservation biology issues in the peer-
reviewed scientific literature and in popular media;

4) serve as a spokesperson on one or more issues relevant to
MCBI's mission at scientific meetings, to the news media, to
government agencies or to Congress, as needed; and

5) help MCBI raise funds by writing proposals to continue this
work.

  The successful candidate will be a very broadly trained Ph.D. or
equivalent in a marine biological field such as marine ecology,
biological oceanography, invertebrate zoology, seabird biology,
fisheries biology, biogeography, population genetics or
epidemiology.  Individuals with demonstrable expertise in a broad
range of disciplines, regions, taxa, tools and issues will be favored.
This position requires not only strong knowledge of the marine
realm and interest in conservation, but also a multidisciplinary
approach, outstanding writing skills, excellent people skills and
exceptional ability to work towards a shared goal as part of a close-
knit team.  We especially encourage inquiries by people in groups
that have been under-represented in the sciences.

  To apply, please send a 2-page resume (NOT an exhaustive CV)
and a cover letter of no more than two pages that includes names
and complete contact information for 3-5 referees, or its equivalent
as an e-mail message (not an encoded attachment) or fax.  For those
who will be attending the first Symposium on Marine Conservation
Biology at the Annual Meeting of the Society for Conservation
Biology at the University of Victoria, Victoria BC, you are welcome
to bring these materials and talk with MCBI staff.  The Symposium
runs from the evening of June 6 to the evening of June 9, 1997, but
Elliott, Amy and Aaron plan to be at UVic starting on June 5, and
will be happy to meet with candidates before the Symposium starts
or, thereafter, as time allows.  For information about the
Symposium and to register for the SCB Annual Meeting, please
visit: http://geography.geog.uvic.ca/dept/announce/scb_page.html on
the World Wide Web.  For information about MCBI, please visit:
http://www.mcbi.org



-- 
***********************************************************
Amy Mathews-Amos                        MCBI is organizing   
Program Director                        the first Symposium           
Marine Conservation Biology Institute   on Marine Conservation  
205 N. Edgewood St.                     Biology at the
Arlington, VA 22201                     Annual Meeting of 
ph.  (703) 276-1434                     the Society for 
fax  (703) 276-1528                     Conservation Biology,
email: amymcbi at erols.com                June 6-9, 1997 at the
                                        University of Victoria,
                                        Victoria, British
                                        Columbia, Canada.
***********************************************************


From coral at aoml.noaa.gov  Mon May 19 09:57:40 1997
From: coral at aoml.noaa.gov (Coral Health and Monitoring Program)
Date: Mon, 19 May 1997 09:57:40 -0400 (EDT)
Subject: Robert Morrow's message
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.970519095432.15837A-100000@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>


Dear Robert,

The problem is with a server in Australia.  All users from Australia have
been temporarily removed from the list.  I will contact each one
individually to see where the problem lies.

Obviously, Robert, you have made matters worse by posting your needless
message to the list, as now *your* message has bounced many times.  This
has nothing to do with NOAA or our staff, who are quite good.  I trust you
will be more considerate to the list in the future.

I'm sorry I did not catch this sooner, but I actually decided not to work
for seven days a week, for a change, thus I missed the multiple bounces.


        JCH
        coral-list administrator




From jlang at uts.cc.utexas.edu  Mon May 19 11:34:42 1997
From: jlang at uts.cc.utexas.edu (Judith C. Lang)
Date: Mon, 19 May 1997 10:34:42 -0500 (CDT)
Subject: Thanks to Jim Hendee
Message-ID: <v01530503afa5cfa32de4@[146.6.132.58]>

Dear All,
       No human-based technology works perfectly all the time. I suspect
the recent silence of most of the subscribers to the coral-list means that
we are satisfied its benefits far outweigh the occasional glitches. Lest
Jim not think his efforts on everyone's behalf are appreciated, I wish to
proclaim my gratitude for his leadership and perseverence.
Judy Lang



From eakin at ogp.noaa.gov  Mon May 19 12:49:25 1997
From: eakin at ogp.noaa.gov (Mark Eakin)
Date: 19 May 1997 12:49:25 U
Subject: Thanks to Jim Hendee
Message-ID: <n1348076166.44605@ogp.noaa.gov>

        Reply to:   RE>Thanks to Jim Hendee

I echo Judy's sentiments.  Having provided the initial funding that provided
for the coral-list and CHAMP web site, I have considered that Jim's efforts
have been among the best dollars I have ever spent as a program manager.

Keep up the good work, Jim.  Until the problem is solved, I can delete a few
errant e-mails.

Cheers, Mark

--------------------------------------
Date: 5/19/97 12:30 PM
To: Mark Eakin
From: Judith C. Lang
Dear All,
       No human-based technology works perfectly all the time. I suspect
the recent silence of most of the subscribers to the coral-list means that
we are satisfied its benefits far outweigh the occasional glitches. Lest
Jim not think his efforts on everyone's behalf are appreciated, I wish to
proclaim my gratitude for his leadership and perseverence.
Judy Lang



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	for <coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Mon, 19 May 1997 10:34:42 -0500 (CDT)
Date: Mon, 19 May 1997 10:34:42 -0500 (CDT)
Message-Id: <v01530503afa5cfa32de4@[146.6.132.58]>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
To: Coral-List <coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
From: jlang at uts.cc.utexas.edu (Judith C. Lang)
Subject: Thanks to Jim Hendee
Sender: owner-coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk




From kelty at cbl.cees.edu  Mon May 19 13:19:21 1997
From: kelty at cbl.cees.edu (Ruth Kelty)
Date: Mon, 19 May 1997 13:19:21 -0400 (EDT)
Subject: State of the Reefs Report
In-Reply-To: <n1348424762.85134@ogp.noaa.gov>
Message-ID: <Pine.SUN.3.96.970519131205.21367C-100000@cbl.cees.edu>


Sorry about any cross postings...

Hey all you people who I know (those of you who don't know me, Ruth, can
ignore this.).  I am having a party at my house this Wens., the 21.  The
theme will be "Hurray, biochemistry is finally @#!$ over!!!"  If you
want to play croquet, volleyball, frisbee, tennis, etc... show up while it
is still light.  IF you just want to talk and drink, show up around 9.  

If you can, bring a couple of beers or a bag of chips or something.

TO get there:  

>From campus, head south on Rt. 1.  Turn right on Tuckerman (it is after
Queens Chapel, across the street from the post office, before East-West
Highway).  Go 2 blks on Tuckerman and take a Right on 43rd Ave.  OUr house
is the second one on the left = 6504 43rd Ave.

Questions?  Call 277-1994

See you there!


From woodley at uwimona.edu.jm  Mon May 19 17:52:27 1997
From: woodley at uwimona.edu.jm (Jeremy Woodley)
Date: Mon, 19 May 1997 16:52:27 -0500 (GMT-0500)
Subject: Thanks to Jim Hendee
In-Reply-To: <v01530503afa5cfa32de4@[146.6.132.58]>
Message-ID: <Pine.SUN.3.95.970519164353.15673A-100000@minotaur.uwimona.edu.jm>

On Mon, 19 May 1997, Judith C. Lang wrote:

> Dear All,
>        No human-based technology works perfectly all the time. I suspect
> the recent silence of most of the subscribers to the coral-list means that
> we are satisfied its benefits far outweigh the occasional glitches. Lest
> Jim not think his efforts on everyone's behalf are appreciated, I wish to
> proclaim my gratitude for his leadership and perseverence.
> Judy Lang

The recent silence was partly for fear that our messages would also bounce
around the world! But I'm sure that the silent majority is very satisfied
with the List.



From andreu at msi01.cs.upd.edu.ph  Mon May 19 21:11:09 1997
From: andreu at msi01.cs.upd.edu.ph (Andre Uychiaoco)
Date: Tue, 20 May 1997 09:11:09 +0800 (GMT+0800)
Subject: Thanks to Jim Hendee
Message-ID: <Pine.LNX.3.91.970520090632.6287D-100000@msi01.cs.upd.edu.ph>

Personally I would like to thank Jim Hendee myself...but I think (based 
on my learnings from this list) is that the proper thing would be to 
offer to compile all the thank you's for him privately (as in to my 
e-mail account) and just send out the summary (just the number of people 
I guess) to the list itself.  I offer to do just that (I'm just afraid of 
the deluge of e-mails).  Please reply directly to 
andreu at msi01.cs.upd.edu.ph



From coral at aoml.noaa.gov  Tue May 20 09:02:10 1997
From: coral at aoml.noaa.gov (Coral Health and Monitoring Program)
Date: Tue, 20 May 1997 09:02:10 -0400 (EDT)
Subject: bounce update
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.970520085954.3828A-100000@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>


It appears that the problem was with a single account, that of Jamie
Oliver's (jamie_oliver at ccmail.gbrmpa.gov.au), but I'm cautiously adding
the other @gbrmpa.gov.au users' names to make sure.

If you know Jamie, please advise (telephone?) that there appears to be a
problem.

	Cheers,

	Jim



From coral at aoml.noaa.gov  Tue May 20 11:33:47 1997
From: coral at aoml.noaa.gov (Coral Health and Monitoring Program)
Date: Tue, 20 May 1997 11:33:47 -0400 (EDT)
Subject: USGCRP May 22nd Seminar
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.970520113307.3828B-100000@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

---------- Forwarded message ----------
Date: Mon, 19 May 1997 13:12:23 -0400
To: coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: tsocci at usgcrp.gov (Tony Socci)
Subject: USGCRP May 22nd Seminar: "Natural Hazards, Human Impacts, and Disaster Reduction"

           U.S. Global Change Research Program Second Monday Seminar Series


                  Natural Hazards, Human Impacts, and Disaster Reduction


What makes a natural hazard into a natural disaster?  Is the seeming
increase in the occurrence of natural disasters real?  What are the likely
causes?  What trends are making society more vulnerable to natural hazards?
Are there measures society can take to mitigate these disasters or the
conditions responsible for them?  Are there measures society can take to
reduce loss of life and damages?



                                                     Public Invited

                                   Thursday, May 22, 1997, 3:30-5:00 PM
                  Rayburn House Office Bldg., Room B369, Washington, DC
                                             Reception Following


INTRODUCTION

The Honorable Dr. James Baker, Administrator of the National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington,
DC; and Co-Chair, Committee on Environment and Natural Resources (CENR)

SPEAKER

Dr. William H. Hooke, Director of the U.S. Weather Research Program Office,
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Silver Spring, MD; and
Chair of the interagency Subcommittee for Natural Disaster Reduction


                                                              OVERVIEW


                    Natural Disaster Reduction: A Growing National Challenge

Annual U.S. losses to natural disasters while highly variable.  Over the
last few years, however, they have averaged $50 billion dollars per year,
or roughly $1 billion dollars per week. Of even greater concern are the
long-term trends in costs, which show a doubling or tripling of the damages
each decade, in constant dollars, over the last 35 years. The impacts
caused by natural hazards are increasing as a result of societal changes
such as urbanization and technological interdependence. While disaster
losses are expected to vary considerably from year to year, it is also
expected that they generally will continue to increase, even as a fraction
of the gross national product (GNP), at least in the short run.

Domestically, natural disasters are a sustainable development issue.
Internationally, they threaten global security. Reducing societal
vulnerability to natural hazards, thereby reducing the extent of, or
damages from natural disasters, is important, possible, and cost effective.
Accomplishing this will require a diverse, interconnected range of
actions: comprehensive hazard identification and risk assessment; wiser
land use; improved structural design, building codes, and practice; greater
public awareness, education, and training; improved predictions and
emergency response; and more effective relief and recovery. These steps
would be accelerated by a coordinated, multi-level government response,
with particular attention needed at the state and local levels. Steps
involving financial instruments such as mortgages, property taxes, and
insurance, can be strongly influential.


                        Natural Disaster Reduction: The Links to Global Change

The frequency, strength, and location of hazards-storms, floods, droughts,
earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, wildfires, etc.-are intimately connected
to longer-period global change, whether due to natural variations or
human-induced changes. Focusing on developing a coherent and effective
societal response to the range and nature of natural hazards will increase
the options that society has for coping with global change. Steps taken to
reduce the impacts of natural hazards will provide new opportunities to
experiment and learn how most effectively to prepare for global change.
Each of the opportunities for building resilience to natural hazards will
have its own set of hazard-specific, cultural, and technological aspects,
and each will help provide insights about opportunities for responding to
global change.  Focusing on natural disaster reduction in the context of
global change will also help re-enforce the need for observing systems
required for global change detection and study. Focusing attention on the
reduction of natural disasters also offers the prospect for greatly
strengthening international cooperation on a host of related environmental
issues.

        What has become quite evident is that by building local resilience
to natural extremes, we can increase global resilience to long-term changes
in average conditions and can become more prepared for any changes in
extreme conditions.


                                                               Biography


Dr. William H. Hooke currently holds two national responsibilities:
Director of the U.S. Weather Research Program Office, and Chair of the
interagency Subcommittee for Natural Disaster Reduction of the National
Science and Technology Council's Committee on Environment and Natural
Resources. He has worked for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration (NOAA) and antecedent agencies since 1967. After six years
of research in fundamental geophysical fluid dynamics and its application
to the ionosphere, the boundary layer, air quality, aviation, and wind
engineering, he moved into a series of management positions of increasing
scope and responsibility. From 1973 to 1980, he was Chief of the Wave
Propagation Laboratory's Atmospheric Studies Branch. From 1980 to 1983 he
rotated through a series of management development assignments. From 1984
to 1987 he directed NOAA's Environmental Sciences Group (now the Forecast
Systems Laboratory), having responsibility for much of the systems research
and development for the National Weather Service Modernization, as well as
for a range of other weather and climate research activities. From 1987 to
1993 he served as the Deputy Chief Scientist and Acting Chief Scientist of
NOAA.

For two decades Dr. Hooke was an adjunct faculty member in the Department
of Astrophysical, Planetary, and Atmospheric Sciences at the University of
Colorado, teaching courses and supervising students.  He has served on
several panels and committees of the National Research Council and is also
a Fellow of the American Meteorological Society (AMS) and an AMS Councilor.

Dr. Hooke received his B.S. degree from Swarthmore College (1964), and his
S.M. (1966) and Ph.D (1967) degrees from the University of Chicago.



                       The Next Seminar is scheduled for Monday, June 9, 1997

     Planned Topic: UV Radiation and Climate Change in the Antarctic: An Update


For more information please contact:

Anthony D. Socci, Ph.D., U.S. Global Change Research Program Office, Code
YS-1, 300 E St., SW, Washington, DC 20546 Telephone: (202) 358-1532; Fax:
(202) 358-4103 E-Mail: TSOCCI at USGCRP.GOV.

Additional information on the U.S. Global Change Research Program (USGCRP)
and this Seminar Series is available on the USGCRP Home Page at:
http://www.usgcrp.gov. Normally these seminars are held on the second
Monday of each month.



From jlang at uts.cc.utexas.edu  Tue May 20 11:51:49 1997
From: jlang at uts.cc.utexas.edu (Judith C. Lang)
Date: Tue, 20 May 1997 10:51:49 -0500 (CDT)
Subject: STRI reef exhibit 
Message-ID: <v01530500afa705896076@[146.6.132.58]>

"Nuestros Arrecifes/Unidos por el Caribe: Our Reefs/Caribbean Connections",
the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute's bilingual (Spanish/English)
traveling coral reef conservation exhibition, together with the WORLDNET
Film and Television Service's "Fragile Ring of Life" video, and an aquarium
with live reef organisms, will be on exhibit in Washington, DC, at the
Interamerican Development Bank (13OO New York Avenue) from May 13 - May 3O,
1997, and then at Union Station (5O Massachusetts Avenue) from June 18 -
July 9, 1997.  Anyone who is in the Washington area is invited to visit the
exhibit at any time from 8:OO a.m. - 5:OO p.m. weekdays at the Bank or
daily at the train station.

After leaving Washington, the exhibition is expected to travel to Honduras
in July and to Jamaica in late October.

For more information, contact:
jlang at uts.cc.utexas.edu (Judith C. Lang)
or, during June 1997,
Georgina De Alba <DEALBAG at tivoli.si.edu>






From jamieo at gbrmpa.gov.au  Tue May 20 23:27:45 1997
From: jamieo at gbrmpa.gov.au (Jamie Oliver)
Date: Wed, 21 May 1997 13:27:45 +1000
Subject: infinite email loops
Message-ID: <01BC65EA.C578C430@monitoring1.gbrmpa.gov.au>

To Jim Hendee and members of the list

I discovered on Monday that it was likely that I was (inadvertently) causing the problem with the repeating mail on the list.  I notified the computing section of this and am told that it is now fixed.

The problem was caused when I switched mailers and asked the computing section to forward mail from my previous address. The older mailer behaved in an unanticipated fashion when asked to forward mail, and cause the infinite loop.


Sorry for the problems and annoyance. (I was getting pretty annoyed myself - then discovered I was the problem!)


Jamie Oliver
Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority


From edingeen at mcmail.cis.mcmaster.ca  Tue May 20 16:16:30 1997
From: edingeen at mcmail.cis.mcmaster.ca (E.N. Edinger)
Date: Tue, 20 May 1997 16:16:30 -0400 (EDT)
Subject: post-doctoral position available.
Message-ID: <Pine.SOL.3.96.970520161538.22963M-100000@mcmail.CIS.McMaster.CA>



                POSTDOCTORAL POSITION

        RESIDENT ADVISOR, McMASTER-UNDIP PROJECT

        MARINE ECODEVELOPMENT AND HUMAN HEALTH: SEMARANG, INDONESIA

	DURATION: Approx. Sept. 1997 - Dec. 1998, POSSIBLE RENEWAL.
	SALARY: $30,000-35,000 (Cdn.)/ yr.
	RESPONSIBILITIES: Supervise research activities, organize
	seminars and short-courses, limited teaching and administrative duties.
	QUALIFICATIONS: Ph.D. in environmental sciences.


        For the past eight years, McMaster University has been involved in
a joint partnership project with Universitas Diponegoro (UNDIP), in
Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia. The project is designed to train
Indonesians in environmental sciences, to assess environmental quality in
Central Java, and to evaluate any effects on the health of human
populations. The first phase of the project was funded by CIDA, under the
IPCD program, and is now under the overall management of the Partneship
Branch of AUCC, as a CIDA Tier Two project. The annual budget is on the
order of $150,000.

        To date, the project has been extremely productive. Eight
Indonesians have received MSc degrees from McMaster, and four are now
enrolled in PhD programs elsewhere. Several dozen senior thesis projects
have been supported, and over 100 local research projects. So far, over
two dozen papers have appeared in the primary refereed scientific
literature, and innumerable reports written. Several joint seminars and
short courses have been given. In the early phases, concentration was on
gathering of primary data. We have now moved into the second phase, the
integration of those data with questions of marine food web effects, human
food supply, and human health concerns. Among the research areas of our
students are: assessment of sewage input into shallow coastal bays on the
north coast of Java; infant mortality rates in coastal communities as a
function of marine contamination; the use of bioactive marine compounds as
replacments for pesticides and antibiotics, and several more. 

UNDIP is a large university, with a mandate for marine science, and a
large teaching hospital. UNDIP has the only marine laboratory on Java,
located in Jepara, approx. 50 km to the east. The project is managed by
counterpart Project Management Units at UNDIP and McMaster, and we enjoy
close relations with the UNDIP Environmental Studies Centre.

An essential role is played by the Resident Advisor; in fact, the success
of the project so far can be in large part attributed to the dedicated and
talented RA's that have served there in the past. We seek a new RA, for
the period (approximately) Oct. 1/97 to Dec. 31, 1998. There is a
possibility that the posting could be extended an additional year.

The candidate should have completed the PhD, in one of the environmental
sciences. Preference will be given to those who show an aptitude for
connecting scientific results with human impacts, especially human health
effects, who can supervise research, conduct scientific diving operations,
and who have some experience in working in developing countries. The
posting might be suitable for an academic on sabbatical leave.

The salary is in the range of $30,000-35,000. The project already has  
rented a house in Semarang, and has a car and driver. Most living expenses
are covered by the RA's household allowance. Responsibilities will include
administering local research grants, supervising local research,
interfacing with the UNDIP PMU, and conducting and publishing research
results. Preference will be given to candidates who show an aptitude for
producing results.

Applications should include a complete CV and a list of three references,
and should be submitted to:
        Dr. M.J. Risk
        Department of Geology
        McMaster Univ.
        Hamilton, Ont.
fax     905-522-3141
ph      905-525-9140, ext. 24183

NOTE: there is no formal closing date for this competition. We will hire
as soon as we receive an application from an ideal candidate. We are equal
opportunity employers: results-oriented candidates of all ages, sexes and
nationalities are invited to apply.





From eakin at ogp.noaa.gov  Wed May 21 15:03:39 1997
From: eakin at ogp.noaa.gov (Mark Eakin)
Date: 21 May 1997 15:03:39 U
Subject: AFRICAN DUST AND CORAL REEF
Message-ID: <n1347895265.23789@ogp.noaa.gov>

                           Subject:                         Time:   2:53 PM
                           AFRICAN DUST AND CORAL REEFS     Date:   5/21/97

I beleive this origniated on the GreenWire:

CORAL REEFS:  AFRICAN DUST MAY CAUSE DETERIORATION

     A federal geologist has concluded that iron-rich dust generated by 
"drought-stricken" fields in northern Africa is damaging coral reefs from 
the Florida Keys to the Caribbean Sea.

     Gene Shinn initially believed that sewage in the Keys was the cause of 
disease in nearby corals, until he also found the diseases "on little 
islands in the Caribbean where nobody lives." So he began to focus on the 
correlation between African dust "episodes" and coral disease outbreaks.

     As desertification began to spread across northern African in the 
early 1970s, measuring stations in the Caribbean also began recording large 
dust increases.  At the same time, coral reef scientists began to notice 
new disease outbreaks.  Dust levels peaked again in 1987, the year corals 
all over the Caribbean bleached white.

     Shinn, working at the Center for Coastal Geology in St. Petersburg, FL,
 noted that iron in the dust stimulates the growth of algae which damage 
the reefs, and the dust also contains bacterial spores.

     If the dust proves harmful to corals, efforts to reverse 
desertification in northern Africa should increase, according to Duke U. 
marine biologist Richard Barber.  Barber:  "Wouldn't it be wonderful if 
some rock group took saving the coral reefs to heart, and the action would 
be to plant trees and fences in Chad and Mali?" (David Olinger, ST. 
PETERSBURG TIMES, 5/11).



From sobelj%dccmc at cenmarine.com  Thu May 22 11:37:21 1997
From: sobelj%dccmc at cenmarine.com (Jack, Sobel)
Date: Thu, 22 May 1997 10:37:21 -0500
Subject: DUST, REEFS, SENSATIONALISM
In-Reply-To: <36F8823301BD2576@smtp.cenmarine.com>
Message-ID: <3CF8823301BD2576@smtp.cenmarine.com>

Working for a conservation organization, I have on occasion heard members 
of both the scientific and press communities unfairly attack the 
conservation community for being too sensational and speculative.  Recent 
press reports on African Dust and Coral Disease Epidemics make me wonder 
whether if the shoe doesn't belong on the other foot these days, but it 
is not entirely clear whether this is a result of poor science, poor 
reporting, or both.

In press reports, statements by reputable scientists linking African Dust 
deposition and Coral Disease epidemics to major Pan-Caribbean and Florida 
Keys coral reefs declines; linking African Dust to coral disease 
epidemics; and linking the coral disease epidemics to Florida Bay and/or 
sewage discharge have been widely circulated.  Yet, there appears to be 
at best tenuous correlations and creative speculation behind these 
reports.  Such creativity and speculation can serve a valid purpose in 
the scientific (and public) process, but when sensationalized in press 
reports to garner funding, engage in dangerous experiments, affect 
policy, or deflect attention from well-documented problems such as 
over-harvesting and declining water quality can be quite destructive.

My questions to the coral-list serve community are:
(1)  What is the scientific evidence behind the African Dust scenario 
being a major contributor to Pan-Caribbean and Florida coral reef 
declines and how does this compare to evidence for the contributions of 
water quality degradation and overfishing?
(2)  What is the proposed mechanism for African Dust causing algal 
overgrowth or coral disease epidemics and what evidence is there to 
support them?
(3)  In high nutrient Southern Ocean waters far from continental/island 
run-off, iron has been suggested as a limiting factor in algal 
productivity. There is both a reasonable mechanism and some evidence to 
support this view. However, in low nutrient tropical environments 
adjacent to land, where coral reefs are found, is there any reason to 
believe that dust-born iron inputs from Africa are an important factor in 
shifting Coral/Algal balance relative to other factors?  Enough to fund 
or engage in the kind of speculative experimentation that has been 
proposed to dump iron into pristine coral reef communities and monitor 
the impact?

I'm interested in hearing any feedback, views, or information on these 
issues that other in the scientific community can provide?
********************************************************************
* Jack Sobel, Director                                             *
* Ecosystem Protection                                             *
* Center for Marine Conservation                                   *
* 1725 DeSales St. NW Suite #600                                   *
* Washington, DC 20036                                             *
* Phone:  (202)429-5609                                            *
* Fax     (202)872-0619                                            *
* Email:  jsobel at cenmarine.com                                     *
*                                                                  *
*                                                                  *
*"If the biota, in the course of aeons, has built something we like*
*but do not understand, then who but a fool would disgard seemingly*
*useless parts? To keep every cog and wheel is the first precaution*
*of intelligent tinkering."  Aldo Leopold                          *
********************************************************************



From coral at aoml.noaa.gov  Thu May 22 12:17:51 1997
From: coral at aoml.noaa.gov (Coral Health and Monitoring Program)
Date: Thu, 22 May 1997 12:17:51 -0400 (EDT)
Subject: Grant opportunity
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.970522121516.8960B-100000@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>


[ The original of the following message from Mark Eakin had a header that
was too long for this listserver, so I've chopped the cc's off. ]

---------- Forwarded message ----------
Date: Thu, 22 May 1997 15:15:00 GMT
From: "Mark Eakin" <eakin at ogp.noaa.gov>
Subject: FWD>Grant opportunity

(For more information contact the below address. Please don't reply to
this message.)

--------------------------------------
Date: 5/22/97 9:47 AM
From: Josh Foster
Million-Dollar Grants for Young Scientists

(For more information contact the below address. Please don't reply to
this message.)

This announcement appeared in the May 1,1997 Chronicle of
Philanthropy, p. 15:

The James S. McDonnell Foundation plans to award 10 grants--of $1 million
each--to young scientists whose "research shows great scholarly promise
for the 21st century." Applicants must be younger than 40 or must have
received their Ph.D. within the last 12 years.  Grants will be given in 5
areas of study: astrophysics and cosmology, human genetics, global and
complex systems, human cognition, and the history and philosophy of
science.

Applications are available from the McDonnell Centennial Fellowship
Program, 1034 South Brentwood Blvd. Suite 1850, St. Louis, MO 63117
(314) 721-1532.  Please visit www.jsmf.org for more information.


From blanchon at indiana.edu  Fri May 23 13:24:16 1997
From: blanchon at indiana.edu (Paul Blanchon)
Date: Fri, 23 May 1997 12:24:16 -0500 (EST)
Subject: Reefs and African Dust
Message-ID: <v01550101afab315cd90a@[129.79.146.51]>

Dear Jack and other List members,

As far as I am aware, there has been no scientific evidence published to
support a link between Saharan-dust flux and reef health. The source of the
story was a report in the May 11th issue of the St. Petersburg Times. For
all those interested in how that story was originally reported, I have
provided a link to it in the Reef Notes section of the Reef Resource Page:
http://www.indiana.edu/~reefpage
(you need a frame-capable browser to view the site; if not e-mail me for a
copy of the story).

Sensationalism is a product of reporting -- it sells newspapers. If there
is no published science to back such stories up then they are clearly non
issues. Perhaps we should wait for the science before we make subjective
judgements about the dust hypothesis -- whatever that hypothesis turns out
to be.


      ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
        Paul Blanchon Ph.D ||  Research Associate
        Department of Geological Sciences,
        1005 E. 10th Street,
        Indiana University,
        Bloomington, IN 47405-1403.
        Tel: (812) 855-9729 Fax: (812) 855-7899
        E-mail: blanchon at indiana.edu
        Visit the Reef Resource Page at:
        http://www.indiana.edu/~reefpage
       ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~



From aszmant at rsmas.miami.edu  Fri May 23 20:07:15 1997
From: aszmant at rsmas.miami.edu (Alina Szmant)
Date: Fri, 23 May 1997 20:07:15 -0400
Subject: The Fe hypothesis for Coral Reefs
Message-ID: <199705240007.UAA14308@umigw.miami.edu>

It might be intructive if interested parties looked up an re-read an "old"
paper on this topic:  Entsch et al. 1983, Marine Biology 73:  17-30  "
Indications from photosynthetic components that Iron is a limiting nutrient
in primary production on coral reefs"  [work done on GBR].

Alina Szmant
**********************************************
Dr. Alina M. Szmant
Coral Reef Research Group
RSMAS-MBF
University of Miami
4600 Rickenbacker Cswy.
Miami FL 33149

TEL: (305)361-4609
FAX: (305)361-4600 or 361-4005
E-mail:  ASZMANT at RSMAS.MIAMI.EDU
**********************************************


From caricomp at santamarta.cetcol.net.co  Mon May 26 04:12:48 1997
From: caricomp at santamarta.cetcol.net.co (Caricomp - Invemar Colombia)
Date: Mon, 26 May 1997 13:12:48 +0500 (GMT)
Subject: Bibliography Software
Message-ID: <Pine.SOL.3.91.970526125920.8212B-100000@santamarta.cetcol.net.co>


Dear all:

In this moment I'm working in a Research Institute in Colombia.  Here all 
of us have a problem, and it is how to organize our bibliography.

We usually use some software like Papyrus (Version 7.0.1.) or Procite 
(Version 2.1.), but we are looking for new and better software in this topic.


Best Regards,

Please answer this mail only to this E-mail.


Diego Luis Gil A.
Research Assitent
INVEMAR
caricomp at santamarta.cetcol.net.co
P.O. Box 1016, Santa Marta, Colombia, South America


From nimrod at ocean.org.il  Wed May 28 06:06:37 1997
From: nimrod at ocean.org.il (nimrod)
Date: Wed, 28 May 1997 13:06:37 +0300
Subject: coral mariculture
Message-ID: <1.5.4.16.19970528120445.35873fda@ocean.org.il>

hello list members

Is there anyone with experience in culturing corals in aquaria under various
water regimes? (current velocity/direction, position of coral, etc.)

with thanks
Nimrod E., IOLR, HAIFA, ISRAEL


From kleypas at sage.cgd.ucar.edu  Wed May 28 11:55:26 1997
From: kleypas at sage.cgd.ucar.edu (Joanie Kleypas)
Date: Wed, 28 May 1997 09:55:26 -0600 (MDT)
Subject: Drowned/Submerged Reefs
Message-ID: <9705281555.AA14786@hopi>

Here is a call-for-information from anyone with knowledge of "drowned" 
or "submerged" reefs in any ocean.

Bill Precht and I (J Kleypas) are compiling a database of known and 
suspected drowned and submerged reefs of either Holocene or Pleistocene 
age.

I have managed to glean a bit of information from the literature,
most of which addresses the Caribbean area (see Table 1 below).  

IF ANYONE KNOWS OF ANY DROWNED OR SUBMERGED REEFS (or features 
suspected of being reefs) NOT LISTED IN THE TABLE BELOW, COULD 
YOU PLEASE SEND ME AN E-MAIL WITH THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION?

******************************************************************
please send any responses directly to:   kleypas at ncar.ucar.edu 
******************************************************************

We are looking for both published and non-published information, 
and will certainly acknowledge any information you might have in 
providing any of the following:

   LOCATION:
   LAT & LON:
   DEPTH (m):
   SUSPECTED AGE (if known):
   MEASURED AGE (if measured):
   REFERENCE (if published):
   HOW FEATURE WAS DETECTED (e.g. SCUBA, submersible, ROV):
   ADDITIONAL INFORMATION (e.g. size or length of feature, any
   currently coral growth on the feature, any samples collected)


TABLE 1.  Reported ages and Depths of drowned or submerged reefs.
=========================================================================
SITE                 AGE    DEPTH    SOURCE                          DATE
                     kyr      m
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
INDO-PACIFIC 

Madagascar           5-15            Hoeblich                        1989 
W shelf India               60-110   Vora, Almeida                   1990 
NW Hawaii            17              Ludwig, Szabo, Moore, Simmons   1991 
Ka Lae, Hawaii       13.9   160      Moore, Normark, Szabo           1990 
Kealakekua Bay       13     150      Moore, Fornari                  1984 
GBR                         40-150   Harris, Davies                  1989 
Marquesas Is                95       Rougerie, Wauthy, Rancher       1992 

CARIBBEAN

Cat Is, Bahamas             20-30    Dominguez, Mullins, Hine        1988 
Flower Gardens              15-36    Bright, Kraemer, Minnery, Viada 1984 
SE Florida           7-10            Lighty                          1985 
SE Florida           7      15-30    Lighty                          1978 
E Caribbean                 30-80    Macintyre                       1972 
Puerto Rico, SW      Plei   55,80    Seiglie (M-88)                  1968 
Cay Sal Bank                20-30    Hine, Steinmetz                 1984 
Grenadines, E shelf  Holo            d'Anglejan, Mountjoy (M-88)     1973 
Barbados, W coast           40       Macintyre (M-88)                1967 
Jamaica, S coast            40       Goreau, Burke (M-88)            1965,66 
Jamaica, N coast            80       Goreau (M-88)                   1961 
Virgin Bank                 50       Donnelly (M-88)                 1965 
Western Guiana              80-120   Nota (M-88)                     1958 
=========================================================================
M-88 indicates references cited in: 
Macintyre, IG.  1988.  Modern coral reefs of western Atlantic: 
new geological perspective.  AAPG Bull 72: 1360-1369.


Many thanks in advance for your information,

Joanie Kleypas & Bill Precht

****************************************************************************
J. Kleypas
Climate Change Research Section
National Center for Atmospheric Research
PO Box 3000
Boulder, CO  80307-3000

PH:   (303) 497-1615
FAX:  (303) 497-1348

kleypas at ncar.ucar.edu
****************************************************************************
Bill Precht
10570 NW 27th St
Suite 101
Miami, FL  33172
PH:   (305) 599-3141
FAX:  (305) 599-3143
****************************************************************************


From sjameson at coralseas.com  Wed May 28 14:04:45 1997
From: sjameson at coralseas.com (Stephen C. Jameson)
Date: Wed, 28 May 1997 14:04:45 -0400
Subject: coral mariculture
Message-ID: <199705281804.OAA32278@wizard.wizard.net>

Dear Nimrod,

Your closest contact for aquaria coral culture information would be:

Mr. Aaron Miroz
Coral World Eilat
P.O. Box 829
Eilat, Israel
Phone: 07-376666 or 376732
Fax:  07-373193

Best regards,


Dr. Stephen C. Jameson, President
Coral Seas Inc. - Integrated Coastal Zone Management
4254 Hungry Run Road, The Plains, VA  20198-1715  USA
Office:  703-754-8690  Fax:  703-754-9139
email: sjameson at coralseas.com




From coral at aoml.noaa.gov  Thu May 29 12:37:41 1997
From: coral at aoml.noaa.gov (Coral Health and Monitoring Program)
Date: Thu, 29 May 1997 12:37:41 -0400 (EDT)
Subject: GCRMN Strategic Plan
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.970529122833.1986A-100000@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>


The newly released Strategic Plan for the Global Coral Reef Monitoring
Network may be viewed at:

  http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/gcrmn/gcrmn-strat.html

The PDF file can be found at anonymous FTP coral.aoml.noaa.gov in
subdirectory pub/champ/gcrmn.

	Cheers,

	Jim Hendee



From blanchon at indiana.edu  Thu May 29 13:18:35 1997
From: blanchon at indiana.edu (Paul Blanchon)
Date: Thu, 29 May 1997 12:18:35 -0500 (EST)
Subject: Relict Reefs
Message-ID: <v01550100afb30d767bd2@[129.79.146.51]>

Dear Joanie and Bill (and list members),

I work on post-glacial reef development and have published on both relict
(drowned) reefs and active submerged reefs in the Caribbean-Atlantic reef
province. While I can certainly help in updating your list, it would be
useful to know exactly what you are looking for and why.

For example, there are several active submerged reefs in the Caribbean (see
Macintyre et al. '81 4th ICRS Manila 1: 567; Macintyre '91 Coral Reefs 10:
167; Fairbanks '89 Nature 342: 637) that I have argued are independent
structures that are accreting laterally and are prevented from growing to
sea level by hurricane pruning. Drilling data is consistent with this
hypothesis and shows they are composed of up to 12 m of deep water
framework -- more than enough to account for their present architecture
(Blanchon in press 8th ICRS Panama; Blanchon and Jones in press
Sedimentology June '97). Alternatively, there are many reports of relict
"breakwater" reef deposits composed of Acropora palmata in the Caribbean
(for summaries see Blanchon and Jones '95 J Coastal Res 11: 1-33; Blanchon
and Shaw '95 Geology 23: 1-4). Some of these relict breakwater reefs
provided substrate for subsequent submerged-reef development (eg Adey et al
'77, 3rd ICRS Miami 2: 15; Hubbard et al 86 J Sed Pet 56: 841) whereas
others remain uncolonized by deep water coral growth (eg Lightly et al 78;
Blanchon in prep).

If you accept the existence of both these reef types today, then such reef
types also probably existed in the past when sea level was at lower levels
(as shown by Fairbanks's data from Barbados). Without drilling data,
therefore, relict reef features recognized in deep waters could be either
type and consequently of little use for determining things like sea-level
position etc. Let me (and the list) know exactly what reef type you are
looking for and why, and perhaps we can come up with useful data to
supplement your compilation.

Cheers, Paul.



      ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
        Paul Blanchon Ph.D ||  Research Associate
        Department of Geological Sciences,
        1005 E. 10th Street,
        Indiana University,
        Bloomington, IN 47405-1403.
        Tel: (812) 855-9729 Fax: (812) 855-7899
        E-mail: blanchon at indiana.edu
        Visit the Reef Resource Page at:
        http://www.indiana.edu/~reefpage
       ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~



From mmn100 at york.ac.uk  Fri May 30 09:55:36 1997
From: mmn100 at york.ac.uk (Maggy Nugues)
Date: Fri, 30 May 1997 09:55:36 BST
Subject: Sea urchin relocation
Message-ID: <ECS9705300936A@unix.york.ac.uk>

Dear list members,

I am contemplating an experiment to look at the effects of increased herbivory on Caribbean reefs. 
To do this, I would like to move some Diadema to increase densities on some reef areas. But I am 
worried that after relocation, the urchins might not remain on the reefs. Has anybody tried relocating 
urchins & How might you ensure they remain in the area?

Thanks for your help.

-----------------------------------------------------
Maggy Nugues
E.E.E.M.
University of York
Heslington
YORK YO1 5 DD
UK
Tel: (Int) +44 1904 434069
Fax: (Int) +44 1904 432998
-----------------------------------------------------




From coral at aoml.noaa.gov  Fri May 30 09:26:16 1997
From: coral at aoml.noaa.gov (Coral Health and Monitoring Program)
Date: Fri, 30 May 1997 09:26:16 -0400 (EDT)
Subject: NOAA/FKNMS Special Research Opportunity
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.970530092159.4029A-100000@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Ben Haskell of NOAA's Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary has asked
that I post the following announcement, which may also be viewed at:

	http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/bulls/fknms-zones.html

	Cheers,
	JCH

.................................................................

                1997 Special Research Opportunity
                          by NOAA's
             Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary


Long-term Monitoring of Marine Reserves

	The Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary (FKNMS) announces a
Special Research Opportunity (SRO) to conduct long-term monitoring in the
Nation's first large-scale coral reef marine zones located in the Florida
Keys. Proposals are sought for the initial phase of a five year monitoring
effort. The Sanctuary will work with the National Undersea Research Center
at the University of North Carolina at Wilmington (NURC/UNCW) for review
of proposals. The Sanctuary and NURC/UNCW will also provide logistical
support for field and shore-based operations. Prospective investigators
are requested to contact the Sanctuary for additional information. Details
are provided below regarding specific program requirements and funding.

Background on the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary

	In 1990 the U.S. Congress, recognizing the national significance
of this coral reef ecosystem and the real threats to its integrity,
designated a 9,500 km2 area surrounding the Keys as a national marine
sanctuary to protect its biodiversity and achieve sustainable use of its
resources. After a six year planning process, the Sanctuary will be
implemented as of July 1, 1997. A significant management action taking
effect in 1997 will be a series of marine zones (See Figure at
ftp://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/pub/champ/fknms/Notake.jpg) that offer different
levels of habitat protection; the most restrictive of which are no-take
and no-diving. Three of the zones, with special protection, are the focus
of this research announcement.


Monitoring Programs in the FKNMS

	Three large-scale monitoring programs, funded by the Environmental
Protection Agency as part of their water quality protection program, are
currently underway in the Sanctuary. The programs are designed to discern
long-term trends in coral cover, seagrass productivity, and water quality
throughout the Keys. In addition to these programs, the SRO described
here, will begin in 1997 to specifically monitor benthic resources in the
marine zones. The Sanctuary will take a hierarchical approach to monitor
the zones, where Level I Monitoring (the focus of this SRO) addresses
monitoring in the two largest zones and one smaller research-only area,
Level II Monitoring focuses on 13 additional smaller and heavily used
zones, and Level III Monitoring utilizes volunteers to collect core data
in all of the zones.

Scope of Work for Writing Proposals

	The focus of this SRO includes three of the 23 no-take zones in
the Sanctuary:  the Western Sambos Ecological Reserve, the Eastern Sambos
Research-only Area, and the Carysfort Sanctuary Preservation Area (see
above chart). Additionally, diving is prohibited in the Eastern Sambos
Research-only Area. The objectives of the Level I Monitoring are
relatively specific, as other programs address fish, lobster, conch, and
seagrass. Close coordination will be required among groups working in the
zones (which will be provided through the Sanctuary program). The specific
objective of the monitoring program addressed by this announcement is to
determine whether or not the no-take regulations have an effect on the
benthic coral reef communities and on important ecological processes.

	The sample design should encompass the wide variety of coral
habitats found within each zone, as well as the spatial and temporal
variation in animal and algal populations. Seagrass habitats and water
quality monitoring are not included in the scope of work. Expected
products after one year of effort should include at a minimum the basic
parameters measured by standard coral reef monitoring programs. Methods
should also include video and/or photographic techniques. Parameters must
include, but are not limited to: abundance, cover, and diversity
measurements for hard and soft corals, sponges, macroalgae, and other
important invertebrates. Flexibility and creativity are sought in setting
up the monitoring program to detect spatial and temporal change within the
zones. Process-based measures (e.g. grazing rates, productivity,
recruitment) or indicator species should be included in proposals.
Reference sites outside the zones should be established as part of a
statistical design that addresses the specific management strategy
(no-take) that will be implemented. Data produced by Level I Monitoring
should be also be used to: 1) help evaluate the replenishment potential of
the zones to surrounding environments; and 2) help calculate measures of
non-use value that may or may not increase during the first five years of
implementation.


Proposal Guidelines

	Proposals shall be limited to 12 pages and are due July 14, 1997.
Proposals should be for two years with the first year of funding not to
exceed $200,000. Work proposed in the second year should be identified
along with a separate budget not to exceed $150,000. The FKNMS program
will undergo a major review after five years by the State of Florida and
NOAA. Proposals responding to this announcement should also address work
and costs, in less detail, for years three through five. The Sanctuary
will use recommendations provided in the proposals to seek appropriate
funding for years three through five. Funding requests can include
salaries, equipment, and supplies. Boat time and dive support including
NITROX should be described; however, they will be provided by NURC/UNCW
and FKNMS. Continuation of the project beyond year one will be contingent
upon funding and project performance. Awards will be made by August 4,
1997. Field work must begin in 1997, and can be initiated as soon as
August 11, 1997. To request proposal guidelines and more details about the
marine zones contact:

Mr. Benjamin Haskell
Science Coordinator
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary
P.O. Box 500368
Marathon, FL 33050
Phone: (305) 743-2437 Email: bhaskell at fknms.nos.noaa.gov



From coral at aoml.noaa.gov  Fri May 30 10:03:31 1997
From: coral at aoml.noaa.gov (Coral Health and Monitoring Program)
Date: Fri, 30 May 1997 10:03:31 -0400 (EDT)
Subject: Digital Video for Data Collection
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.970530093636.4106A-100000@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>


Following is a forwarded message from Erik Meesters.  The files he refers
to below (slightly edited) can be found at:

	ftp://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/pub/champ/docs/misc

If you have any problems or comments concerning the documents, please
refer them to Erik (meese000 at goofy.zdv.uni-mainz.de).

	Cheers,

	Jim Hendee
	CHAMP Administrator

---------- Forwarded message ----------
Date: Mon, 26 May 1997 19:05:12 +0200 (MET DST)
From: Erik Meesters <meese000 at goofy.zdv.uni-mainz.de>
To: "James C. Hendee" <hendee at aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Re: to list or not?

Hi Jim,

Here's an overview on using digital video cameras for data collection. I
made it after I asked for tips and experiences on the use of digital video
cameras.  It includes information on available cameras, transferring data to
your computer, image analysis, and a large section with tips and experiences
from users, as well as a list with useful addresses on the net.

Following are formats of the same file:

digital.txt (text)
digital.wp5 (WP5)
digital.doc (MsWord6)
digital.rtf (RTF)

I hope this works. Thanks for your help.

Cheers,
Erik

From eckstein at wcl.american.edu  Fri May 30 11:58:42 1997
From: eckstein at wcl.american.edu (Eckstein Gabriel)
Date: Fri, 30 May 1997 11:58:42 -0400
Subject: International Training Workshop on Business & Environment
Message-ID: <1.5.4.16.19970530155842.12ef6752@mailhost.wcl.american.edu>


"Good Corporate Citizenship: Realizing Environmental and Competitive Advantage"
July 28?August 2, 1997

Intended for environmental law practitioners, business executives, and
professionals from the governmental and public sectors, the Workshop is
designed to provide a functional analysis of US and international
environmental law, policy and practice in relation to environmental and
legal issues of international commerce, business transactions and
developmental projects. The curriculum highlights new and innovative
developments within US and foreign public, private and non-profit sectors,
with specific attention on the application of these areas to non-US
participation. The Workshop sessions are designed to provide participants
with practical knowledge and experience that can easily be applied on the
job. Teaching methods include "hands-on" training exercises, case studies,
and lectures. The program also includes two days of site visits and
off-campus technical instruction at key institutions active in the business
and environment areas.  Language: English.

Contact: Office of Advanced Legal Studies, American University, Washington
College of Law, 4801 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, D.C.  20016-8181,
USA;  tel: (202) 274-4075, fax: (202) 274-4130, e-mail:
ECKSTEIN at wcl.american.edu;  Internet Homepage ?
http://www.wcl.american.edu/workshop    or
http://www.wcl.american.edu/pub/spals/office.html


From jlang at uts.cc.utexas.edu  Fri May 30 15:51:13 1997
From: jlang at uts.cc.utexas.edu (Judith C. Lang)
Date: Fri, 30 May 1997 14:51:13 -0500 (CDT)
Subject: elementary students construct a reef exhibit
Message-ID: <v01530504afb44dcbe438@[146.6.132.58]>

With apologies to anyone who has already seen this mesage on another list:

TAKE CARE OF OUR CORAL REEF
By Susan Wolter (Kocurek Elementary School) and Judith Lang (Texas Memorial
Museum, University of Texas at Austin)

In the spirit of following up on Bob Ginsburg's suggestion that successful
approaches to IYOR be shared, here's a brief description of an activity
suitable for elementary school-aged children:

During February, 1997, first graders at Kocurek Elementary School in
Austin, Texas, used brightly-painted scrap materials to construct an
exhibit which portrays the beauty and diversity of a coral reef. The
students' individual thoughts, captured in their writings and drawings,
have been bound into a small booklet that travels with the exhibit. Their
understanding of reef conservation issues is illustrated with additional
narrated sketches that are displayed nearby and reduced to form an
inexpensive, black-on-blue handout.

In March, 14 of the first graders, along with their parents, S. Wolter, and
two school administrators, showed several hundred other children how to
make paper coral polyps (many of which were temporarily added to the
exhibit) at two local children's festivals ("Austin Science Fun Day" and
"University ChildFest"), while J. Lang offered each set of adult visitors
copies of the children's conservation handout and the International Year of
the Reef pamphlet (which had been inexpensively reproduced with black ink
on blue paper). The exhibit was on unattended display throughout April in
the Austin Independent School District's 1997 Student Art Show.

Note that, beginning in January, the students had many opportunities to
examine skeletons of reef animals and coral reef videos, books, posters and
photographs. Hence, the children already were quite knowledgeable, and had
become excited at their chance to "help save the corals of the world", when
they began to construct the reef exhibit.  Some of the specific
construction techniques were contributed by their art teacher, or by older
students and parents visiting their classroom.

A brief description of the coral polyp and reef construction methods are
given below.  Details about our integrated thematic teaching methods, the
resulting conceptual and academic development of the students, useful
resource materials, etc., will be available by July.  To learn more at that
time, contact:
 jlang at uts.cc.utexas.edu (Judith C. Lang)
 Texas Memorial Museum
 (512) 471-4954 (Voice)
 (512) 471-4794 (Fax)
OR
 Susan Wolter <swolter at tenet.edu>
 Kocurek Elementary School
 (512) 414-2547 (Voice)
 (512) 282-7824 (Fax)

CONSTRUCTING A CORAL POLYP.  Contributed by D.K. Hagman
Students who have already learned how to do this activity can help teach it
to other children.
MATERIALS:  Colored multi-purpose paper cut into small rectangles ranging
in sizes from 6 x 1O cm to 7 x 21 cm (2 x  4 in. to 3 x 8 in.), scissors,
transparent tape.
Optional - marking pens, colored pencils, colored tissue cut in similar
sized rectangles.
PROCEDURE:
Place the short side of a rectangle next to an index finger and roll paper
loosely around the finger.
Tape to secure the cylinder and remove from finger.
Make numerous incisions into the cylinder 1/2 to 1 cm (1/8 to 1/4 in.)
apart. The depth of the incision can vary from 2 to 5 cm (1/2 in. to 1 1/2
in.) as desired.
Separate, bend and curl the individual strips to form  tentacles.
On the opposite end of the cylinder make 4 or 5 additional incisions.
Fold back the cut edges toward the cylinder to form the base of the polyp
so that the polyp can stand on its own or be secured to some other
structure with tape or glue.
OR (An Alternate Method Devised by the Students)
Hold rectangle or place it on a flat surface.
Make incisions (as above) close together on one of the long sides of the
rectangle to form the tentacles.
Make 2 or 3 incisions far apart on the opposite side to form the base.
Starting with the short side of the rectangle, roll the paper into a
cylinder and secure with a piece of tape.
Bend the strips to form the tentacles and the base as described above.

Optional:
A.   Use the marking pens or colored pencils to decorate the polyps with
drawings of their algal symbiants or nematocysts.
B.  Make a similar polyp with a smaller diameter using tissue paper of
either coordinating or contrasting colours. Stuff the tissue paper polyp
inside the tube of the original polyp to create a polyp with a more
complicated morphology.

OTHER SEDENTARY ORGANISMS:
Algae, sponges, soft corals and stony corals, etc, can be made of diverse
paper and styrofoam scrap materials: toilet paper and paper towel tubes,
cupcake holders, egg cartons, meat or produce trays, etc.  Each is cut,
broken or torn to create the desired shape, given several coats of a
water-solube paint, then attached to the reef base (see below).

The models can be made to look more realistic with a little imagination,
and glue or a glue gun (adult use only!).  For example, a coloured pipe
cleaner bent into folds makes the ridges of a brain coral or the tentacle
of a large-polyped coral; cheesecloth, irregularly splashed with dabs of
paint approximates the surfaces of agariciid corals; paper polyps (see
above) can be attached to the surfaces of the stony and soft corals, or
bunched together on the bottom to make a colonial sea anemone; Fruit Loops
(a children's cereal that looks like coloured Cheerios) can become sponge
oscules; a small ball of coloured yarn to which five short "arms" are
attached is a brittle star that can then be wrapped around a sponge; two
adjoining sections of an egg carton form the valves of a clam, etc. We
suggest no use of candies or other sweets, however, regardless of their
potentially-useful shapes.

MOTILE, BENTHIC ORGANISMS
Bubble algae, turf algae, starfish, brittle stars, sea urchins, octopus,
sting rays, other bottom-dwelling fish, etc., can be made of soft coloured
sticks of clay or cellu-clay (which is similar to paper mache but easier to
mold). (Coloured tooth picks can be used for the urchin spines.)  Once the
clay or cellu-clay has dried, the organisms can be painted with tempra
paints.
Coloured pipe cleaners can also be bent in diverse ways to fashion
roundworms, starfish, tubeworms, and other mobile animals.

LARGE REEF FISHES
Draw duplicate outlines of interesting fishes on plain white paper.
Decorate the "outer" side of each outline with coloured pencils or marking pens.
Staple the two halves together (do not allow young children to use a
stapler by themselves), leaving a space to stuff the fish with paper
tissues. Staple the opening shut, then glue a piece of plastic fishing line
or heavy thread to the back of the fish for later suspension from a dowel
extending above the reef.

SMALL SCHOOLING FISHES:
Wooden ice-cream sample spoons or the round ends of tongue depressors can
be painted, and then further decorated with dots or stripes in a
contrasting color with a permanent marking pen. An adult can use a glue gun
to connect several fishes to a length of fishing line or heavy thread,
which is then attached to one of the dowels.

REEF BASE
Irregularly-shaped pieces of brightly-painted, styrofoam packing material
can be glued to pieces of stout, painted cardboard to approximate the
cracks, crevices and uneven topography at the base of a reef. Larger pieces
placed towards the rear and center of the model help create a natural mound
effect, and increase the visibility of each student's contribution.  The
cellu-clay (see above) can also be applied over the styrofoam to modify its
shape or add texture.  After the sedentary organisms (see above) have been
attached to the cardboard or styrofoam creations, pale green and white
styrofoam "peanuts" can be glued onto any remaining unused spaces to create
an algal pavement.

BACKDROP AND DISPLAY
A frame that is about 6 ft. high and of appropriate horizontal dimensions
to fit under and behind the table on which the exhibit rests can be
constructed of 5/8 in. diameter PVC pipe (or equivalent material). A
backdrop of blue construction paper, on which a simple reef scene is either
painted or glued, can be taped to the frame. The large reef fishes and the
small schooling fishes can be suspended from dowels that extend
horizontally above the reef at right angles to the frame: "anchors" for the
dowels being holes drilled in the top horizontal support of the frame. If
the table is located near a door or fan, the fish move in response to
gentle breezes. Blue cellophane can be draped over the dowels, adding to
the underwater atmosphere.