From coral at aoml.noaa.gov  Sun Jan  4 19:59:07 1998
From: coral at aoml.noaa.gov (NOAA's CHAMP)
Date: Mon, 5 Jan 1998 00:59:07 GMT
Subject: No subject
Message-ID: <199801050059.AAA09261@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

---------- Forwarded message ----------
Date: Sat, 03 Jan 1998 11:03:27 -0500
From: "Richard E. Dodge" <dodge at ocean.nova.edu>
To: NOAA's CHAMP <coral at aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: SPECIAL GEOLOGY ISSUE OF CORAL REEFS
Sender: coral at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk

**********************************************************
SPECIAL GEOLOGY ISSUE OF CORAL REEFS

HOLOCENE AND PLEISTOCENE REEF GEOLOGY

CALL FOR PAPERS:

Volume 17 of Coral Reefs will include a Special Issue, entitled "Holocene
and Pleistocene Reef Geology".  As the title suggests, the purpose of the
issue is to provide an overview of current research in this broad area.
Manuscripts may be empirical or theoretical, long or short.  Reviews and
Reef Sites on a geological theme are also welcome. The issue (approximately
100 pages) will be published as soon as 12 papers have been accepted.
Prospective authors may first contact the Geological Editor, Richard E.
Dodge by fax or email (Fax 954-921-7764, email dodge at ocean.nova.edu).

To ensure a speedy publication, manuscripts should be submitted as soon as
possible (NO LATER THAN FEBRUARY 1, 1998).

GUEST EDITORS TO WHOM MANUSCRIPS MAY ALSO BE SUBMITTED ARE:
Dr. R.E. Dodge, Geological Editor, Nova Southeastern University
Oceanographic Center, 8000 N. Ocean Drive, Dania, FL 33004, USA.
Dr. Robert W. Buddemeier, Kansas Geological Survey, University of Kansas,
1930 Constant Ave., Lawrence, KS 66047, email: buddrw at KGS.UKANS.EDU
Dr. Richard W. Grigg, Dept. of Oceanography, 1000 Pope Road, Univ. of
Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA, email rgrigg at iniki.soest.hawaii.edu
Dr. David Hopley, Coastal & Marine Consultancies, 3 Wingadee, Annadale,
Townsville, QLD 4814 Australia, email: david.hopley at ultra.net.au
Dr Ian McIntyre, Dept. of Paleobiology,National Museum of Natural History,
Smithsonian Institution,Washington, DC 20560
email MACINTYRE.IAN at NMNH.SI.EDU
Dr. Peter Swart, Division of Marine Geology & Geophysics, University of
Miami/ RSMAS, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149, email:
Pswart at rsmas.miami.edu
Dr. Terry Scoffin, Grant Institute of Geology, Univ. Edinburgh, West mains
Road, Edinburch EH9 3JW United Kingdom email: Terry.Scoffin at ed.ac.uk
Dr. A.W. Tudhope, Grant Institute of Geology, Univ. Edinburgh, West mains
Road, Edinburch EH9 3JW United Kingdom, email: sandy.Tudhope at ed.ac.uk

Thank you.


Richard E. Dodge, Ph.D.
Associate Dean, Professor
Nova Southeastern University Oceanographic Center
8000 N. Ocean Dr.; Dania, FL 33004
voice (954) 920-1909; fax (954)-921-7764
web page: http://www.nova.edu/ocean/


From coral at aoml.noaa.gov  Sun Jan  4 19:59:07 1998
From: coral at aoml.noaa.gov (NOAA's CHAMP)
Date: Mon, 5 Jan 1998 00:59:07 GMT
Subject: No subject
Message-ID: <199801050059.AAA09261@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

---------- Forwarded message ----------
Date: Sat, 03 Jan 1998 11:03:27 -0500
From: "Richard E. Dodge" <dodge at ocean.nova.edu>
To: NOAA's CHAMP <coral at aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: SPECIAL GEOLOGY ISSUE OF CORAL REEFS
Sender: coral at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk

**********************************************************
SPECIAL GEOLOGY ISSUE OF CORAL REEFS

HOLOCENE AND PLEISTOCENE REEF GEOLOGY

CALL FOR PAPERS:

Volume 17 of Coral Reefs will include a Special Issue, entitled "Holocene
and Pleistocene Reef Geology".  As the title suggests, the purpose of the
issue is to provide an overview of current research in this broad area.
Manuscripts may be empirical or theoretical, long or short.  Reviews and
Reef Sites on a geological theme are also welcome. The issue (approximately
100 pages) will be published as soon as 12 papers have been accepted.
Prospective authors may first contact the Geological Editor, Richard E.
Dodge by fax or email (Fax 954-921-7764, email dodge at ocean.nova.edu).

To ensure a speedy publication, manuscripts should be submitted as soon as
possible (NO LATER THAN FEBRUARY 1, 1998).

GUEST EDITORS TO WHOM MANUSCRIPS MAY ALSO BE SUBMITTED ARE:
Dr. R.E. Dodge, Geological Editor, Nova Southeastern University
Oceanographic Center, 8000 N. Ocean Drive, Dania, FL 33004, USA.
Dr. Robert W. Buddemeier, Kansas Geological Survey, University of Kansas,
1930 Constant Ave., Lawrence, KS 66047, email: buddrw at KGS.UKANS.EDU
Dr. Richard W. Grigg, Dept. of Oceanography, 1000 Pope Road, Univ. of
Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA, email rgrigg at iniki.soest.hawaii.edu
Dr. David Hopley, Coastal & Marine Consultancies, 3 Wingadee, Annadale,
Townsville, QLD 4814 Australia, email: david.hopley at ultra.net.au
Dr Ian McIntyre, Dept. of Paleobiology,National Museum of Natural History,
Smithsonian Institution,Washington, DC 20560
email MACINTYRE.IAN at NMNH.SI.EDU
Dr. Peter Swart, Division of Marine Geology & Geophysics, University of
Miami/ RSMAS, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149, email:
Pswart at rsmas.miami.edu
Dr. Terry Scoffin, Grant Institute of Geology, Univ. Edinburgh, West mains
Road, Edinburch EH9 3JW United Kingdom email: Terry.Scoffin at ed.ac.uk
Dr. A.W. Tudhope, Grant Institute of Geology, Univ. Edinburgh, West mains
Road, Edinburch EH9 3JW United Kingdom, email: sandy.Tudhope at ed.ac.uk

Thank you.


Richard E. Dodge, Ph.D.
Associate Dean, Professor
Nova Southeastern University Oceanographic Center
8000 N. Ocean Dr.; Dania, FL 33004
voice (954) 920-1909; fax (954)-921-7764
web page: http://www.nova.edu/ocean/


From rmurray at infochan.com  Sat Jan  3 08:00:52 1998
From: rmurray at infochan.com (Robert Murray)
Date: Sat, 3 Jan 1998 08:00:52 -0500
Subject: Discovery Bay Marine Laboratory
Message-ID: <199801051231.MAA10323@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

On behalf of the Discovery Bay Marine Laboratory (Jamaica)
I would like to invite you to view our new web site at the
following address;

http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/Discovery_Bay_Marine_Laboratory/

DBML is a non-profit institution (a subsidiary of the
University of the West Indies) committed to coral reef
research and conservation. We would be most grateful if you
could help us by linking to our web site on your "links"
page (and any other page that might be appropriate).


Please let us know if this is possible.

Many thanks.

Robert Murray.


================================
ROBERT MURRAY  B.Sc. (Hons.), FGA,
Discovery Bay Marine Laboratory,
PO Box 35, Discovery Bay,
Jamaica, West Indies.

rmurray at infochan.com
rmurray at uwimona.edu.jm
RobertMurray at compuserve.com
T. (876) 973 2946 / 2947
F. (876) 973 3091
================================




From owner-coral-list at aoml.noaa.gov  Mon Jan  5 21:04:54 1998
From: owner-coral-list at aoml.noaa.gov (owner-coral-list at aoml.noaa.gov)
Date: Tue, 6 Jan 1998 02:04:54 GMT
Subject: No subject
Message-ID: <199801060204.CAA02257@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

---------- Forwarded message ----------
Date: Tue, 06 Jan 1998 04:28:09 -0800
From: Peter Swart <PSwart at rsmas.miami.edu>
To: owner-coral-list at aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Sclerosponges
Sender: owner-coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Reply-To: Peter Swart <PSwart at rsmas.miami.edu>

To those interested in the use of sclerosponges for paleoclimatic purposes,
a workshop is being organized scheduled to take place in Miami Florida over
the weekend of March 21 to 23rd.  Those intersted in contributing and
participating should contact me ASAP.  Limited travel funds are available.
Further information can be obtained from the sclerosponge web site listed
below.

-----------------------------------------
Peter K. Swart
Professor and Chairman MGG
RSMAS
4600 Rickenbacker Causeway,
Miami FL 33149

305 361 4103 (office)
305 361 4912 (lab)
305 361 4632
Home Page
http://mgg.rsmas.miami.edu/mgg.htg/pswart.htm
Stable Isotope Laboratory
http://mgg.rsmas.miami.edu/mgg.htg/groups/sil/index.htm
Comparative Sedimentology Laboratory
http://mgg.rsmas.miami.edu/mgg.htg/groups/csl/index.htm
Division Home Page
http://www.rsmas.miami.edu/divs/mgg.html
Sclerosponge Web page
http://mgg.rsmas.miami.edu/mgg.htg/groups/sil/workshop.htm
-----------------------------------------
swart at oj.rsmas.miami.edu
-----------------------------------------


From erice at pangea.stanford.edu  Mon Jan  5 21:01:41 1998
From: erice at pangea.stanford.edu (Eric Eisenhardt on leave 97/98)
Date: Tue, 6 Jan 1998 02:01:41 GMT
Subject: Galapagos - Bleaching?
Message-ID: <199801060201.CAA02228@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

On Tue, 18 Nov 1997, Prof Alan E Strong wrote:

> SST have reached new highs around Galapagos -- nearly 28 deg C.  Our
> HotSpot charts [see bottom for URL] show potential now exists for high
> temp induced bleaching, associated with present El Nino.  This is the 1st
> time SSTs have been this high a several years.
>

As of Dec. 18-30 bleaching was observed first hand in Galapagos. Roughly
20% of polyps of roughly 80% of the coral I saw was bleached near the top
(mostly a brown lumpy coral, I don't know the name, anyone?) although I
was only able to visit Santa Cruz, Bartolome, Santa Fe, and Espanola; NOT
the islands typically known for large coral assembleges (Devil's Crown,
Isabella). Hope this helps.


-Eric
erice at pangea.stanford.edu


> Elsewhere around the globe potential areas for bleaching appear to be less
> than past years...as the Red Sea HotSpot has almost completely
> disappeared. [Have gotten no confirmation of bleaching in Cape Verdes, as
> conditions are now a bit less harsh.]
>
> Appreciate any feedback.
>
> Cheers,
> Al
> **** <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< *****
> 				Alan E. Strong
> Phys Scientist/Oceanographer			  Adj Assoc Professor
>   NOAA/NESDIS/ORA/ORAD -- E/RA3			    US Naval Academy
>   NOAA Science Center -- RM 711H		    Oceanography Department
>  -- US Postal Service --  -- UPS/FedEx --           Annapolis, MD 21402
>  4700 Silver Hill Road    5200 Auth Road              410-293-6566[V-mail]
>  Stop 9910		  Camp Springs, MD 20746      410-293-2137 [FAX]
>  Washington, DC 20233-9910			     strong at nadn.navy.mil
> 		Alan.E.Strong at noaa.gov		   ---UNTIL: 31 Dec 1997--
>     301-763-8102 x170	FAX: 301-763-8108
>         http://manati.wwb.noaa.gov/orad
>
>


From owner-coral-list at aoml.noaa.gov  Mon Jan  5 21:03:28 1998
From: owner-coral-list at aoml.noaa.gov (owner-coral-list at aoml.noaa.gov)
Date: Tue, 6 Jan 1998 02:03:28 GMT
Subject: No subject
Message-ID: <199801060203.CAA02242@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

---------- Forwarded message ----------
Date: Mon, 5 Jan 1998 19:22:25 -0400
From: Keep Bermuda Beautiful <KBB at ibl.bm>
To: owner-coral-list at aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Bahamas Pot Fishing
Sender: owner-coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Reply-To: Keep Bermuda Beautiful <KBB at ibl.bm>

Dear Coral Listers,
At a recent conference of the Center for Marine Conservation, I learned of
the Bahamas National Trust's fight against pot fishing within coastal
waters.  This method of fishing involves throwing a non-bouyed fish pot off
a boat and GPS marking the spot.  Upon return to the GPS site, a hook type
device is used to rake the ocean floor for pots causing untold reef damage.
The BNT is fighting powerful off-shore money as non-Bahamians can come in
and start fishing businesses with little local ownership.  I was asked to
send a letter to the local Bahamian newspapers highlighting some of the
dangers, which I gladly did.

As many of you are aware, Bermuda banned pot fishing 8 years ago.
Initially there was tremedous controversy, but the results have been well
worth the fight.  Our fish stocks are definately on the mend and public
awareness has increased tremendously.

If anyone would like to support this initiative, can relay more details, or
cares to correct me, kindly do so directly at kbb at ibl.bm.

Sincerely,
Vanese Flood



From coral at aoml.noaa.gov  Tue Jan  6 10:57:37 1998
From: coral at aoml.noaa.gov (Coral Health and Monitoring Program)
Date: Tue, 6 Jan 1998 15:57:37 GMT
Subject: Subject lines
Message-ID: <199801061557.PAA01106@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>


I apologize for the lack of proper "Subject" headings on some of the
coral-list messages going out under the new configuration.  I appreciate
your patience and hope to have it fixed soon.

	Cheers,

	JCH
	coral-list administrator





From N.Polunin at newcastle.ac.uk  Tue Jan  6 11:57:29 1998
From: N.Polunin at newcastle.ac.uk (Nick Polunin)
Date: Tue, 6 Jan 1998 16:57:29 +0000
Subject: Two posts: UNIVERSITY OF NEWCASTLE UPON TYNE
Message-ID: <199801061716.RAA01535@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

UNIVERSITY OF NEWCASTLE UPON TYNE, NE1 7RU, UK
Department of Marine Sciences and Coastal Management

Applications are invited for two posts available on NERC funded
projects.

Project 1 - Alternative states in species diverse marine benthic
communities

A Post-doc (PDRA) is required to work on a study of effects of fishery
exploitation in traditional Fijian fishing-grounds on coral-reef
community structure with Dr Nicholas Polunin (PI), Dr Richard Warwick
(Plymouth Marine Laboratory) and Prof. Robin South (Univ. of the South
Pacific). The PDRA will need appropriate tropical research experience,
advanced SCUBA certification and demonstrated statistical skills. The
post is funded for 21/2 years from 1 April 1998, and approximately 18
months will be spent doing field work in Fiji.

Project 2 - Patterns of recovery of coral reefs

A Research Associate (PGRA) position is available for research into
the temporal and spatial patterns of recovery of coral reefs from
physical damage. The project will be supervised by Drs Susan Clark,
Alasdair Edwards and Martin Le Tissier and is funded under the NERC
Connect B scheme in collaboration with the international maritime
insurance industry. Applicants should have a good bachelor's or
master's degree in a relevant subject, preferably with field
experience of coral reef research, advanced SCUBA certification and
good communication and practical skills. The successful candidate will
be expected to spend extensive periods working in Egypt. The post is
funded for 3 years from 1 April 1998.

The salary for both posts will be at the appropriate point according
to qualifications and experience on the Grade 1A scale (PDRA)
stlg15,159-27,785 and the Grade 1B scale (PGRA) stlg15,159-stlg16,927.
Applications including a full CV and names and addresses of three
referees should be sent to the Department of Marine Sciences and
Coastal Management, Ridley Building, University of Newcastle,
Newcastle upon Tyne, NE17RU by not later than 31 January 1998.
Enquiries and further particulars:
Project 1 - Dr NVC Polunin Tel (0191) 2226675, Fax (0191) 2227891,
e-mail n.polunin at ncl.ac.uk
Project 2 - Dr AJ Edwards Tel (0191) 2226663, Fax (0191) 2227891,
e-mail a.j.edwards at ncl.ac.uk


From coral at aoml.noaa.gov  Wed Jan  7 07:46:24 1998
From: coral at aoml.noaa.gov (Coral Health and Monitoring Program)
Date: Wed, 7 Jan 1998 12:46:24 GMT
Subject: Moderated coral-list
Message-ID: <199801071246.MAA03834@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Dear Esteemed Coral-Listers,

	Sorry for the extra bandwidth, but I think it is necessary at this
juncture to remind but a few of the subscribers to coral-list of
appropriate subjects for posting.  This list is primarily for coral reef
researchers and others engaged in furthering the knowledge and protection
of coral reef ecosystems.  It is NOT meant to be a vehicle for personal or
commercial advertisements or aggrandizement, and you can no longer post to
this list if you are not a member.  (Membership is now a little more
restricted, too, since spammers seem to have been attacking the list of
late.)

	Moderating the list is a double-edged sword.  I don't want to
stifle freedom of speech, but I don't want to burden others with what I
think most of us consider as subjects unsuitable for this list. Sometimes
I may goof and post something which might be considered improper or at
least in the gray area, and I hope you'll bear with me, but let me know if
you feel it is improper.  If you attempt to post a message, but it doesn't
come through in a day or two (it may not make it out right away if you try
to post it on a weekend), and you feel it is definitely something that is
appropriate, please let me know and I may see the light.

	Although there are additional suitable subjects of discussion,
here are the more common ones:

	o  bleaching or spawning events
	o  outbreaks of coral diseases
	o  high predation on coral reefs
	o  environmental monitoring sites
	o  shipwrecks on reefs
	o  international meetings and symposia
	o  funding opportunities
	o  marine sanctuary news
	o  new coral-related publications or abstracts from them
	o  announcements of college courses in coral reef ecology
	o  coral health initiatives
	o  new and historical data availability
	o  controversial topics in coral reef ecology
	o  recent reports on coral research


	I'm open to suggestions and differing viewpoints, so let me have
them if you feel so inclined.


	Take care,

	coral-list administrator


From korrubelj at math.unp.ac.za  Wed Jan  7 09:47:16 1998
From: korrubelj at math.unp.ac.za (Jan Korrubel)
Date: Wed, 07 Jan 1998 16:47:16 +0200
Subject: Required: water chemistry info....
Message-ID: <199801071502.PAA04228@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Dear fellow Coral-Listers,

First off, allow me to wish you all the best for 1998 - may it be a
good year for us, and particularly the reefs.....

I am looking to do some water chemistry measurements, but
to be honest, haven't a clue where to start......
Can some kind soul out there give me some references that
would guide me about that taking of nitrates, phosphates,
bicarbonates..... and all the rest of it......and inform me a bit
about the methods?

Sorry for the rather broad request, but like I said, I am
clueless about this one.......

Regards,

Jan Korrubel
University of Natal
South Africa.



From pascal.collotte at yale.edu  Wed Jan  7 14:14:37 1998
From: pascal.collotte at yale.edu (Pascal Collotte)
Date: Wed, 07 Jan 1998 11:14:37 -0800
Subject: Moderated coral-list
Message-ID: <199801071747.RAA04826@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Reply to: pascal.collotte at yale.edu
Sender: coral at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Reply-To: Pascal Collotte <pascal.collotte at yale.edu>

I fully agree with moderating the list and would like to add some subjects
which I feel are of prime interest. I give you the following examples as
food for thoughts.

1- Job openings in the field of reef protection or sustainable use,
2- I have not seen any posting from industrial users of the corals i.e.
from medical sphere using corals as a replacement for bones or
pharmaceutical companies in search for remedies.

I belive it would be healthy to hear from such parties.


[Moderator's note: Archived coral-list messages, which have some
 discussions of these topics, can be found at:
 http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov (see "List-Server for Coral Reef
    Researchers")]



From strong at nadn.navy.mil  Wed Jan  7 14:00:57 1998
From: strong at nadn.navy.mil (Prof Alan E Strong)
Date: Wed, 7 Jan 1998 14:00:57 -0500 (EST)
Subject: Bleaching/Galapagos SST: In-situ vs AVHRR (fwd)
Message-ID: <199801080038.AAA06082@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

To Whom it may concern --

The Information hiway works!!

Jerry Wellington has just confirmed our AVHRR SSTs as bleaching has
apparently begun in the Galapagos over Christmas....so that's why they
call it El Nino!  Seems like AVHRR is right on the money...see below.

Cheers,
Al


---------- Forwarded message ----------
Date: Wed, 07 Jan 1998 12:11:29 -0600
From: Jerry Wellington <wellington at UH.EDU>
To: Prof Alan E Strong <strong at nadn.navy.mil>
Subject: Re: Galapagos

Just got the SST data for Academy Bay in Galapagos for the month of
December;  On Dec 18 it was 27.3, then on 19th 28.1, by 23rd it was 28.5,
on the 31st  28.3.  Sounds like the satellite data and local therometer
data agree well.

Cheers,  Jerry

At 11:48 AM 1/7/98 -0500, you wrote:

>I have just been checking the satellite SST coutour analysis for the
>eastern tropical Pacific.  It appears that SSTs around the Galapagos went
>from just shy of 28C for the interval Dec 13-16 to....nearly 28.5C during
>the interval Dec 20-23!  This impressive jump at the critical threshold
>temp of approx 28C may have been what gave Eric his 'first hand' glimpse
>of bleaching from this El Nino.  Now: Jan 3-6 is up at the NESDIS WebSite
>and temps are almost up to 29C! -- ouch!  I also see that down the
>coastline off Peru temps have risen nearly 1 deg C since Dec 13-16...
>
>http://psbsgi1.nesdis.noaa.gov:8080/PSB/EPS/SST/contour.html
>
>Al
>
>**** <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< *****
>Alan E. Strong
>  Phys Scientist/Oceanographer			 Adj Assoc Res Professor
>  NOAA/NESDIS/ORA/ORAD -- E/RA3			   US Naval Academy
>  NOAA Science Center -- RM 711W	     	   Oceanography Department
>   5200 Auth Road 				   Annapolis, MD 21402
>   Camp Springs, MD 20746				410-293-6550
>Alan.E.Strong at noaa.gov
>   301-763-8102 x170	FAX: 301-763-8108
>http://manati.wwb.noaa.gov/orad
>
>



From kbb at ibl.bm  Wed Jan  7 15:56:19 1998
From: kbb at ibl.bm (Keep Bermuda Beautiful)
Date: Wed, 7 Jan 1998 16:56:19 -0400
Subject: Bahamas Fishpot Ban
Message-ID: <199801080034.AAA06045@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

>Hi Coral Listers,
>Regarding my prior message re the above.  I have been corrected!  The
>Bahamas National Trust is not involved in the movement to ban pot fishing.
>I am awaiting further information and will update you as soon as possible.
>Kind regards,
>Vanese Flood
>
>



From gjgast at dds.nl  Thu Jan  8 05:47:52 1998
From: gjgast at dds.nl (Gert Jan Gast)
Date: Thu, 8 Jan 1998 11:47:52 +0100
Subject: Moderated coral-list
Message-ID: <199801081326.NAA07169@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Hi everyone,

A wonderful 1998 to all of you!

> 	Moderating the list is a double-edged sword.  I don't want to
> stifle freedom of speech, but I don't want to burden others with what I
> think most of us consider as subjects unsuitable for this list. Sometimes
> I may goof and post something which might be considered improper or at
> least in the gray area, and I hope you'll bear with me, but let me know if
> you feel it is improper.  If you attempt to post a message, but it doesn't
> come through in a day or two (it may not make it out right away if you try
> to post it on a weekend), and you feel it is definitely something that is
> appropriate, please let me know and I may see the light.
>

I respect Jim's worries about our burdens and the measures he
has taken to reduce them, but I do have severe reservations against
moderating the list. I agree that spam is irritating, that it is an
increasing problem and that action should be taken. However, I don't
like the idea that one person selects what is appropriate or not.
(Jim, no personal offence meant: I am sure you are doing a
considerate and honest job!) The essence of the internet is that it
is free and fast.  I feel it should stay that way. Selecting messages
and a few days interval don't agree with this principle. (Aside from
the practical objections: this is a lot of work for Jim and what
happens when he gets ill?) The problems can be split in 2 categories.

1. Spam or random advertisements. Basically the same thing as
billboards that appear nowadays along almost every road outside
Antartica. The majordomo program allows the option that only members
of the coral-list can post messages on the list. I agree with Jim's
decision to moderate the membership of the list (previously everyone
could automatically become a member, now Jim personally acknowledges
every request to become a member). He can filter possible spammers
from honest coral researchers. I think that should be sufficient. As
long as spammers can't become a member, they can't post anything on
the list. If anyone slips through, Jim can remove the person and put
the sender's address on a black list, never to be allowed on again.
Moderating membership is a lot less work than moderating every
message.

2. Unnecessary broad messages. For example those constantly appearing
"unsubscribe" messages. I don't experience this too much as a
problem. Unlike billboards it is little effort to click delete and
it's gone. There are more serious messages on this list that
simply don't interest me as they are out of my field of research than
really unfit posts. Sometimes my attention is drawn to
things I hadn't heard/read of. That is the strength of having a list
like this. We are all in this together and we can control ourselves
and each other. I don't believe we need a "policeman" to select what
is useful or not. In a meeting, do we first ask permission from the
president to say what we want to say? Generally there is no need to
for such control, I think. The freedom of speech and speed of the
list are more important to me.

Just my two cents....

Good luck, GJ.
===============================================
Gert Jan Gast <gjgast at dds.nl>
Netherlands Institute for Sea Research
Department of Marine Ecology
P.O. Box 59, 1790 AB Den Burg, The Netherlands.
Phone: 31 (0)222 369573. Fax: 31 (0)222 319674.
NIOZ home pages: http://www.NIOZ.nl
PLEASE CHANGE MY ADDRESS TO gjgast at DDS.NL in your
addresslist. The address gjgast at nioz.nl will terminate
some time in the future. gjgast at hotmail is a second
back up address, but I don't look there often.


From blrF94 at hamp.hampshire.edu  Wed Jan  7 01:11:24 1998
From: blrF94 at hamp.hampshire.edu (Ben Richards)
Date: Wed, 7 Jan 1998 01:11:24 -0500 (EST)
Subject: Graduating senior looking for research position.
Message-ID: <199801081648.QAA07983@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

My apologies for any and all cross postings...

To whom it may concern -

	Let me introduce myself.  My name is Benjamin Richards.  I will
be graduating from Hampshire College, Amherst, Massachusetts, in May of
1998.  At Hampshire I have been studying Marine Ecology and have taken
many classes in the subject at Hampshire, Smith College, Mt. Holyoke
College, The University of Massachusetts, and Duke University.  I have
also taken part in several research projects working through Hampshire
College, Duke University, and the University of Washington.

	I have been a member of the "Marbio," "Coral," and "Caribbean"
listserves for about three years, and have done my best to read
everything that has streamed into my mailbox.  Many of these messages
have introduced me to new marine laboratories and the scientists working
at them.  Two of my most interesting and educational summer positions
have come directly from contacts made through the "Marbio" listserve.

	With my graduation imminent, I am looking to make contact with
many of those scientists I have talked with in the past, and many with
whom I have not yet spoken, to inquire about current job openings in the
field of Marine Ecology.  I am looking for a  research positio lasting at
least a year, and am especialy interested in one which would allow me to
continue working while pursuing a graduate education (which I have
tentative plans to begin around the fall of 1998).

	I am most interested in positions concerning fish population
ecology, especially in coral reef ecosystems, but welcome information on
other positions as well.  As for practical experience in the field, the
two summer research seasons, which I mention above, took place at the
Friday Harbor Marine Laboratory (University of Washington) where I spent
one summer assisiting a postdoctoral researcher, studying the effects of
current regime and habitat structure on juvenile rockfish.  The second
summer I assisted another postdoctoral researcher studying the effects of
Marine Protected Areas on older rockfish populations as well as their
effects on red abalone populations on the northern California coast.  I
have also spent a semester at the Bermuda Biological Station studying
coral reef fish populations.  These experiences have convinced me that
Marine Ecology, and especially coral reef fish ecology, is the field I
would like to pursue.

	I thank in advance all that respond to this message.  I am happy
to provide a copy of my CV to all who are interested.  I look forward to
talking with you in the future and hope that the holiday season finds you
well.


				Sincerely,

				Ben Richards
				Hampshire College #928
				Amherst, MA  01002-5001
				(413) 549-4600
				brichards at hampshire.edu
				http://hampshire.edu/~blrF94/index.html


From coral at aoml.noaa.gov  Thu Jan  8 11:46:43 1998
From: coral at aoml.noaa.gov (Coral Health and Monitoring Program)
Date: Thu, 8 Jan 1998 16:46:43 GMT
Subject: Moderated List: Good News, Bad News
Message-ID: <199801081646.QAA07976@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>


The Good News
-------------

(1)  I have discovered how most spammers have been getting through,
	and have corrected the situation (I hope).

(2)  Subscribing and unsubscribing requests no longer have to be
	approved, because of item (1) above.

(3)  Since the whole reason behind moderating the list was to
	stop or reduce spamming, I can re-open the list to
	unrestriced postings by members of coral-list.

(4)  We will again see great news concerning coral reef research
	in a timely (almost immediate) fashion

(5)  My choice of what is "appropriate" won't suppress freedom
	of speech.


The Bad News
------------

(1)  Because the list will no longer be moderated, you will continue
	to see occasional irksome messages posted directly to
	coral-list:

	a)  "Please (un)subscribe me to coral-list..."

		[Send to majordomo at coral.aoml.noaa.gov instead]

	b)  "Hi, my name is Zeke, and I need a job/degreee/loan..."

		[Sometimes coral-list is a proper forum, but not
		usually.  Please consider your messages carefully.]

	c)  "Could everybody please research the literature
		on coral X for me, then send me everything ever
		written on the subject?  Oh, and make it snappy,
		will ya'?"

		[These messages might be appropriate for folks
		who are far removed from good library sources,
		so we should bear with them.]

(2)  Spammers can subscribe, post their junk, then unsubscribe, but
	at least under the new configuration I'll be able to
	see who they are (usually), and I can alert their Systems
	Administrator.  This usually means they'll be kicked off
	their system, as well as coral-list.

(3)  Under the new configuration, if messages to you bounce, you
	may be put on a "bounces" mailing list.  Messages will
	be sent to you from this list, until they get through.
	At that time, you will have to unsubscribe from bounces
	and resubscribe to coral-list.  Because of this,
	**PLEASE** try to remember to unsubscribe from the list
	under your old email address, then resubscribe under
	the new email address.  Also, if you anticipate a
	reconfiguration of your domain name (e.g., smart.univ.edu
	vs. really.smart.univ.edu), you may want to let me
	know.

-----------------

I hope this will be acceptable to everybody.  I will now post
some messages that were formerly in the queue for "acceptance"
by the moderator.

	Cheers,

	jch
	coral-list administrator

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
"You can't please everyone, so you've got to please yourself..."

              -- From a classic American song by Ricky Nelsen --


From coral at aoml.noaa.gov  Tue Jan 13 10:05:34 1998
From: coral at aoml.noaa.gov (Coral Health and Monitoring Program)
Date: Tue, 13 Jan 1998 10:05:34 -0500 (EST)
Subject: Tropical Field Stations (fwd)
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.980113100526.925D-100000@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>


To: coral-list
From: Vicki.Hall at jcu.edu.au
Subject: Tropical Field Stations

Dear Coral List Members,

I have recently compiled a list of Tropical Marine Field Stations from
around the world.  I have also included organisations that have provided
logistical support in areas without research stations.  Please note that
this assistance is usually provided only through collaboration with existing
scientific staff or managers.

Many members on the coral-list have provided me with information about the
location of field stations and to each and everyone of you I would like to
extend a huge thank-you. Additional information was obtained from the
reference: Eldredge, L.G.  1989 Coral Reef Research Facilities of the World.
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, and by
scanning recent publications and the web. For anyone who may be interested I
have
attached the list to this message (Resstat1.doc).  This list is by no means
complete and may contain errors so I welcome any comments and corrections.
Again, please address these to me personally: Vicki.Hall at jcu.edu.au

Best Wishes

Vicki Hall
Department of Marine Biology
James Cook University
Townsville  Qld 4811
Australia




From coral at aoml.noaa.gov  Tue Jan 13 10:05:22 1998
From: coral at aoml.noaa.gov (Coral Health and Monitoring Program)
Date: Tue, 13 Jan 1998 10:05:22 -0500 (EST)
Subject: Moderated coral-list (fwd)
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.980113100511.925C-100000@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>


---------- Forwarded message ----------
Date: Fri, 09 Jan 1998 09:18:44 -0400
From: Alessandra Vanzella-Khouri <avk.uneprcuja at toj.com>
To: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral at aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Re: Moderated coral-list

Dear coral-list administrator and subscribers:

I would like to suggest that  "Coral reef protection/conservation
programmes" be also included as a suitable subject of discussion in the list.

The organization which I represent has been promoting coral reef
conservation for nearly two decades and its currently involved in
supporting coral reef monitoring and outreach activities in the Wider
Caribbean. We work through governmental and non-governmental institutions
(including scientific and research institutions). I believe it will be
useful for the list to include information on ongoing programmes relevant
to coral reef conservation. I hope you all agree.

Alessandra Vanzella-Khouri
Caribbean Environment Programme
United Nations Environment Programme
14-20 Port Royal Street
Kingston, Jamaica


>
>




From coral at aoml.noaa.gov  Tue Jan 13 10:05:04 1998
From: coral at aoml.noaa.gov (Coral Health and Monitoring Program)
Date: Tue, 13 Jan 1998 10:05:04 -0500 (EST)
Subject: Moderated list (fwd)
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.980113100455.925B-100000@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>


[ Sorry this didn't go out earlier.  We've had some problems with
  the mail system. ]

---------- Forwarded message ----------
From: Ben Richards <blrF94 at hamp.hampshire.edu>
To: coral-list
Subject: Re: Moderated coral-list

Dear coral-listers,
	I would like to second Gert Jan Gast's message concerning the
moderation of our list.  Spamming is certianly annoying and I think we
would all like to see it go the way of the dinosaurs.  As for the broad
and sometimes uninteresting messages, I think the few that turn out to be
interesting, yet out of my field, outway the many I have to delete.
Let's try to keep the spamming out while keeping the list broad, fun, and
interesting.  As a note: Jim, you're doing a great job.  Thanks a million.

Ben Richards
Marine Ecology Student
Hampshire College





From shenker at winnie.fit.edu  Tue Jan 13 13:18:03 1998
From: shenker at winnie.fit.edu (Jonathan M Shenker)
Date: Tue, 13 Jan 1998 13:18:03 -0500 (EST)
Subject: Summer course announcement
In-Reply-To: <Pine.SGI.3.92.980113100511.925C-100000@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Message-ID: <Pine.SOL.3.96.980113131133.8400B-100000@winnie.fit.edu>

	Dr. Mark Bush and I are offering a 6-week summer course in marine
and terrestrial biology of Australian ecosystems.  The course, designed
primarily for upper-level undergraduates and graduate students, will
include extensive field investigations of coral reefs, marine temperate
environments, tropical rainforests and other Australian habitats.  Please
contact me directly if you'd like more information about the course. 

	Jon Shenker
	Department of Biological Sciences
	Florida Institute of Technology
	150 West University Boulevard
	Melbourne, FL 32901  USA
	407-768-8000 ext. 8145


From mzreyes at hotmail.com  Wed Jan 14 00:20:31 1998
From: mzreyes at hotmail.com (michelle reyes)
Date: Tue, 13 Jan 1998 21:20:31 PST
Subject: sediment from road construction on a Philippine reef
Message-ID: <19980114052032.11780.qmail@hotmail.com>

A few months ago , sand and soil from a road construction site in the 
Southern Philippines was dumped directly off the mountainside into  the 
sea below . Now 3-4 km of coral reefs are in danger from the resulting 
sediment overload and the corals right at the "dumpsite" are  starting 
to die off. Any suggestions on damage control  measures that can be 
applied immediately or any advice on minimizing further damage to the 
reef / controlling the sediment at the source would be most welcome. 
Thanks!

                                 Michelle Reyes
                                e-mail : mzreyes at hotmail.com

______________________________________________________
Get Your Private, Free Email at http://www.hotmail.com


From hreyes at calafia.uabcs.mx  Wed Jan 14 11:56:59 1998
From: hreyes at calafia.uabcs.mx (Hector Reyes Bonilla)
Date: Wed, 14 Jan 1998 10:56:59 -0600 (CST)
Subject: Coral mortality
Message-ID: <Pine.A32.3.91.980114105305.12743C-100000@calafia.uabcs.mx>

	Dear coraleros:
	I have been looking for data on why corals die after they were 
bleached. In the beginning, I thought that it was a physiological problem 
or so, but after following bleached corals in the Gulf of California for 
several months, I observed that most of them die because of overgrowing 
of other species (mostly algae), and not by "natural causes". Do you know 
of any paper doing explicit reference of this? Thanks.
	Hector Reyes
	UABCS, Depto. Biologia Marina
	La Paz, BCS, MEXICO


From acohen at whoi.edu  Wed Jan 14 18:12:31 1998
From: acohen at whoi.edu (Anne Cohen)
Date: Wed, 14 Jan 1998 15:12:31 -0800
Subject: Coral mortality
References: <Pine.A32.3.91.980114105305.12743C-100000@calafia.uabcs.mx>
Message-ID: <34BD465F.56B@whoi.edu>

Hector Reyes Bonilla wrote:
> 
>         Dear coraleros:
>         I have been looking for data on why corals die after they were
> bleached. In the beginning, I thought that it was a physiological problem
> or so, but after following bleached corals in the Gulf of California for
> several months, I observed that most of them die because of overgrowing
> of other species (mostly algae), and not by "natural causes". Do you know
> of any paper doing explicit reference of this? Thanks.
>         Hector Reyes
>         UABCS, Depto. Biologia Marina
>         La Paz, BCS, MEXICO

Dear Hector,
Your deduction is an interesting one. During your observations, were you
able to tell whether the colonies had been killed by bleaching and were
subsequently overgrown by algae, or whether they had bleached, weakened
and then been killed by algal overgrowth ?  In my experience, many
bleached colonies maintain live polyps throughout the bleaching event.
These colonies generally recover, probably because they are able to
prevent algae from colonising/settling on the surface of the coral.
Bleached colonies which lose their polyps as a consequence of bleaching
are overgrown by algae in a matter of days or weeks.
I posted this reply list-wide because I would be interested to hear
others' comments on this subject

Regards,
Anne Cohen.


From aszmant at rsmas.miami.edu  Wed Jan 14 16:07:27 1998
From: aszmant at rsmas.miami.edu (Alina Szmant)
Date: Wed, 14 Jan 1998 16:07:27 -0500
Subject: Coral mortality
Message-ID: <199801142107.QAA15486@umigw.miami.edu>

>Date: Wed, 14 Jan 1998 14:37:14
>To: Hector Reyes Bonilla <hreyes at calafia.uabcs.mx>
>From: Alina Szmant <aszmant at rsmas.miami.edu>
>Subject: Re: Coral mortality
>
>Dear Hector:
>
>The problem with that hypothesis is that it won't explain coral mortality
in the middles of colonies as opposed to edges.  In mid-colonies, tissues
start to thin because of decreased food supply etc., and then the
semi-exposed skeletons become colonized by algae etc.  Given the simple
tissue structure of corals, there may be some "live tissue" still left on
the skeleton at the time the colonization begins, but not enough to really
constitute a defense of the skeleton.  Not sure if you see my point, but
something to think about.
>
>Alina Szmant
>
>
>At 10:56 AM 1/14/98 -0600, you wrote:
>>	Dear coraleros:
>>	I have been looking for data on why corals die after they were 
>>bleached. In the beginning, I thought that it was a physiological problem 
>>or so, but after following bleached corals in the Gulf of California for 
>>several months, I observed that most of them die because of overgrowing 
>>of other species (mostly algae), and not by "natural causes". Do you know 
>>of any paper doing explicit reference of this? Thanks.
>>	Hector Reyes
>>	UABCS, Depto. Biologia Marina
>>	La Paz, BCS, MEXICO
>>
>>
>>
>
**********************************************
Dr. Alina M. Szmant
Coral Reef Research Group
RSMAS-MBF
University of Miami
4600 Rickenbacker Cswy.
Miami FL 33149

TEL: (305)361-4609
FAX: (305)361-4600 or 361-4005
E-mail:  ASZMANT at RSMAS.MIAMI.EDU
**********************************************


From DFenner at compuserve.com  Wed Jan 14 16:30:57 1998
From: DFenner at compuserve.com (Douglas Fenner)
Date: Wed, 14 Jan 1998 16:30:57 -0500
Subject: coralist: Ship grounding in Mexico
Message-ID: <199801141631_MC2-2F4E-D231@compuserve.com>

Coralisters;
On December 17th the cruise ship  "Leeward" of the Norwegian Cruise Line
 from Miami hit the reef called "Cuevones" located on Mujeres Bay, right
across from Cancun in Quintana Roo, Mexico, damaging the reef along a strip
75 meters long and 6.30 meters wide, according to Mexican Environmental
authorities.
 We are wondering what's going to happen now, are the authorities going to
 fine the cruise line?  What is a reef's value?  I remember some time ago
 a ship damaged a reef in Florida and the US government some how estimated
the
 cost of the damage done.  Have you any information on this or similar ship
damage and legal actions?  If you have it can you send it to me?  Thank you
very much for this. Best wishes for next year and good health, Jose
M.Castello

Please reply directly to Jose M. Castello at  picoczml at www.cozumel.com.mx  
   (instead of using the reply button-thanks!)


From keryea at mail.nsysu.edu.tw  Wed Jan 14 20:25:33 1998
From: keryea at mail.nsysu.edu.tw (K. Soong)
Date: Thu, 15 Jan 1998 09:25:33 +0800 (CST)
Subject: Coral mortality
Message-ID: <v01550102b0e38280f2de@[140.117.93.120]>

Dear Hector,  Alina and Coral listers:
I observed, in Panama, that bleached Porites have thinner tissues than
unbleached Porites, after decalcification of skeleton.  Whether this will
result in weaker defence of corals against algae is beyond me.
In Taiwan, bleaching event occurred REGULARLY near the outlet of a power
plant in summer.  So, bleaching does not kill the corals.  But if bleaching
extended for several months, then a lot of corals die.  It seems to me that
the duration of bleaching is critical in causing coral mortality.

Keryea Soong

 >>Date: Wed, 14 Jan 1998 14:37:14
>>To: Hector Reyes Bonilla <hreyes at calafia.uabcs.mx>
>>From: Alina Szmant <aszmant at rsmas.miami.edu>
>>Subject: Re: Coral mortality
>>
>>Dear Hector:
>>
>>The problem with that hypothesis is that it won't explain coral mortality
>in the middles of colonies as opposed to edges.  In mid-colonies, tissues
>start to thin because of decreased food supply etc., and then the
>semi-exposed skeletons become colonized by algae etc.  Given the simple
>tissue structure of corals, there may be some "live tissue" still left on
>the skeleton at the time the colonization begins, but not enough to really
>constitute a defense of the skeleton.  Not sure if you see my point, but
>something to think about.
>>
>>Alina Szmant
>>
>>
>>At 10:56 AM 1/14/98 -0600, you wrote:
>>>	Dear coraleros:
>>>	I have been looking for data on why corals die after they were
>>>bleached. In the beginning, I thought that it was a physiological problem
>>>or so, but after following bleached corals in the Gulf of California for
>>>several months, I observed that most of them die because of overgrowing
>>>of other species (mostly algae), and not by "natural causes". Do you know
>>>of any paper doing explicit reference of this? Thanks.
>>>	Hector Reyes
>>>	UABCS, Depto. Biologia Marina
>>>	La Paz, BCS, MEXICO
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>
>**********************************************
>Dr. Alina M. Szmant
>Coral Reef Research Group
>RSMAS-MBF
>University of Miami
>4600 Rickenbacker Cswy.
>Miami FL 33149
>
>TEL: (305)361-4609
>FAX: (305)361-4600 or 361-4005
>E-mail:  ASZMANT at RSMAS.MIAMI.EDU
>**********************************************



From korrubelj at math.unp.ac.za  Thu Jan 15 02:23:57 1998
From: korrubelj at math.unp.ac.za (Jan Korrubel)
Date: Thu, 15 Jan 1998 09:23:57 +0200
Subject: Coral mortality by algae -Reply
Message-ID: <s4bdd378.049@smtp.unp.ac.za>

Hector Reyes Bonilla <hreyes at calafia.uabcs.mx>asked:

...I observed that most of them die because of overgrowing 
of other species (mostly algae).....Do you know of any paper
doing explicit reference of this?

>> I have the following reference:

KEATS, D.W.; CHAMBERLAIN, Y.M. & BABA, M.  1997. 
Pneophyllum conicum (Dawson) comb. Nov. (Rhodophyta,
Corallinaceae), a widespread Indo-Pacific non-geniculate alga
that overgrows and kills live coral.  Botanica Marina 40(4):
263-279. 

>> Hopes it's of some use.

Regards,

Jan Korrubel
University of Natal
South Africa.



From cnidaria at earthlink.net  Thu Jan 15 07:35:09 1998
From: cnidaria at earthlink.net (James M. Cervino)
Date: Thu, 15 Jan 1998 04:35:09 -0800 (PST)
Subject: No subject
Message-ID: <l03130300b0e36ce92a6c@[38.26.16.6]>


Response to Hector Reyes' Posting:

Reefs in the past probably bounced back after bleaching events that were
due to increased sea-surface temperatures. This stress induced the
expulsion of symbiotic macroalgae (zooxanthellae). Observations of photos
and field studies from Papua New Guinea (Pacific) show signs of
recolonization one year after a 1994-95 bleaching event. This could be due
to low incidence of stressors outside the increased temperature realm.
Kimbe Bay, in New Britain (Papua New Guinea),  has a low population of
divers, and development. Macroalgae overgrowth was minimal after the '95
bleaching event.

Degrees of bleaching, within and among coral colonies and across reef
communities, are highly variable and difficult to quantify (Glynn P. Global
Change Biology, 1996).  Some species are more susceptible to temperature
stress (bleaching) than others, I have seen bleached colonies of M.
cavernosa & franksi directly next to unbleached Diploria and Siderastrea
colonies.

Questions: 1) are these observations localized or are they observations of
the whole region? 2) Supporting Ann Cohen's question, "Are you sure these
corals were killed by bleaching?," were they stressed/bleached for a few
months and then killed by macroalgal overgrowth"? Localized bleaching might
be due to anthropogenic stressors such as pollution, sewage runoff,
agricultural runoff, storm damage, and sedimentation.

Global Bleaching Events: Present evidence suggests that global scale
bleaching events are due to elevated sea temperatures and high solar
irradiance (UV wavelengths) (Glynn, '93,  Coral Reefs 12:1-17; Goreau &
Hayes, '94, Ambio).
NOAA satellite-derived sea-surface temperature records at seven Atlantic
reef locations show that mass bleaching events took place following the
warmest periods recorded. Hot spot data can provide scientists with
information to predict future global bleaching events (Goreau, Hayes, '94,
Ambio).

After the expulsion of zooxanthellae (corals photosynthesizes), the corals'
metabolic activity is weakened, and the coral is basically starving. That
leads to: a decline in its calcium laying ability, which has stopped
(growth and calcification); impairment of reproduction; and, tissue
necrosis. A decrease in growth rate could reduce the capacity of corals to
compete favorably for space with algal turf, coralline algae, unfavorable
macrophytic algae, sponges and tunicates. After temperature stress, we now
have a stressed coral with no ability to compete with unfavorable
microphytic algae, that will soon colonize the coral. In the Journal of
Coral Reefs (1997 16:168) "Reef SitesTitled Epizoic red alga alleopathic(?)
to a Caribbean coral," shows Dasyopsis colonizing and killing M. decactis
off Caicos Island. The microphyte had recruited and colonized on the tops
of the coral in an outward direction growing directly on the living coral
tissue, which later died. According to Mark Littler and Diane Littler; the
cause of coral death, hypothetically, appeared to be an allelochemical
interaction. According to the published literature, the only other source
of epizootic alga deadly to reef building corals is black band disease
(BBD, also known as Phormidium corallyctium) (Ruetzler & Santavy 83;
Richardson, L. AMLC Symposium 97). Coral reefs subject to adverse
environmental conditions, BBD may play an important role in restructuring
the community and may be contributing to the demise of reefs observed in
Jamaica (Bruckner A. & Bruckner R. 1997). Coastal waters around Jamaica are
highly eutrophic and under siege from a wide variety of anthropogenic
stresses that recruitment/recolonization is minimal. Cyanobacterial
invasion will disrupt the symbiosis between host and zooxanthellae,
increase mucus-secretory production causing a wider surface area on the
surface of the coral, and cell erosion. Bacterial populations will lead to
the development of anoxic conditions on the surface of the coral, inviting
a community of heterotrophic sulfide oxidizing bacteria, and sulfate
reducers. This will lead to the corals demise (Peters, E. 84).

According to personal observations since 1980, and photos from the '70s, I
have seen higher indices of coral reef diseases at reefs suffering from
eutrophication, compared to reefs with less stresses due to excess
nutrients. (PERSONAL OBSERVATIONS AND COMMUNICATIONS!)

Nutrients and Corals: Are Reefs Oligotrophic?
The role of nutrient enrichment as a concomitant factor enhancing the
growth rate and carrying capacity of the macroalgal overgrowth on corals
needs to be investigated following bleaching events. Coral reefs are
susceptible to nutrient enrichment due to the low thresholds for dissolved
inorganic nitrogen (DIN;1.0?M) and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP; 0.1?M)
Bell, 1992.) Corals compete for space with macroalgae and turf algae and
the competitive results are influenced by growth rates and nutrient
availability. Eutrophication increases the biomass of macroalgae, however,
also reduces the reproductive rates of hermatypic reef corals (Tomascik,
1991), and inhabits coral larval settlement and survival (LaPointe et al.
95).

In Conclusion: And in aggreeance with Dr. LaPointe; "coastal eutropication
needs to be vigorously confronted by scientists and resource managers"
Bleaching events have been more frequent in the past 20 years, monitoring
the effects of eutropication, and coral reef diseases after such events is
the key factor in understanding the dynamics of coral reefs of the next
century. This being the International Year of The Ocean should be the year
to also support the goals established from the Year of The Reef!

Comments are welcome! James M. Cervino


************************************
James M. Cervino
Marine Biologist
Global Coral Reef Alliance
124-19 9th ave. College Point
New York, N.Y. 11356
Phone/Fax-(718) 539-8155
************************************



From avk.uneprcuja at toj.com  Thu Jan 15 08:51:07 1998
From: avk.uneprcuja at toj.com (Alessandra Vanzella-Khouri)
Date: Thu, 15 Jan 1998 09:51:07 -0400
Subject: Symposium announcement
Message-ID: <3.0.3.32.19980115095107.006c93ec@mail.toj.com>

Dear coral-list subscribers:

This announcement/reminder is about the forthcoming International Tropical
Marine Ecosystmes Management Symposium (ITMEMS) to be held in Townsville,
Australia, 23-26 November 1998. The Symposium is coordinated by the
International Coral Reef Initiative (ICRI) and  its Secretariat currently
hosted in Australia at the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority.

ITMEMs will serve as a major forum for discussion of management covering
social, administrative, legal, economic and community information issues,
as well as research and monitoring for management. It will have a key role
in the ICRI review and prioirty identification process that emphasises
continuous improvement in management.

UNEP's Regional Coordinating Unit for the Caribbean Environment Programme,
as contact point for ICRI in the region is helping with the coordinating of
participation from the Wider Caribbean at the Symposium. We would like to
have a good and active representation from the Wider Caribbean (this
includes relevant countries in Latin America). Let us know if you are
interested in attenting, about papers you would like to present and isssues
you would like to see addressed. Participants are responsible for their own
expenses but with enough time we could help you look for funding. For Wider
Caribbean coordination contact me at above address.

For further info on the Symposium, contact the ICRI Secretariat directly at:
john_baldwin at quickmail.macnet2.gbrmpa.gov.au

Best regards, 

Alessandra Vanzella-Khouri
UNEP, CAR/RCU
Kingston, Jamaica




From caricomp at santamarta.cetcol.net.co  Thu Jan 15 00:36:07 1998
From: caricomp at santamarta.cetcol.net.co (Caricomp - Invemar Colombia)
Date: Thu, 15 Jan 1998 10:36:07 +0500 (GMT)
Subject: Underwater paper
Message-ID: <Pine.SOL.3.96.980115102916.16431A-100000@santamarta.cetcol.net.co>


Dear listers,

There were a discussion about underwater paper some months ago in this
list.  Unfortunately I lost the address of the people that sell this
paper. Does anybody have it?  Please answer only to my E-mail

Thanking you in advance,

Diego Luis Gil A.
INVEMAR
caricomp at santamarta.cetcol.net.co


From hreyes at calafia.uabcs.mx  Thu Jan 15 13:21:43 1998
From: hreyes at calafia.uabcs.mx (Hector Reyes Bonilla)
Date: Thu, 15 Jan 1998 12:21:43 -0600 (CST)
Subject: Coral mortality II
Message-ID: <Pine.A32.3.91.980115121132.13482G-100000@calafia.uabcs.mx>

	Dear coraleros:
	Thank you very much for the numerous responses, to my address and 
to the coral list; I hope that this mess would be useful for someone 
else.
	As I noticed that the interest is wide (I never suspected), I 
would like to detail a little bit our observations in Mexico. In June we 
find the first bleached corals. Their number increased a lot in the 
following two months, but it was in August and September when we look at 
the first dead colonies. Since June, we marked about 50 bleached colonies in 
several localities, to see what happende to them. The mortality was 
strongly size- dependent: small corals (about 15 x 15 cm) died in less 
than a month, and larger ones survived even to this day (yesterday we 
went to look at them). The original question as if corals died by 
themselves or were killed. Well, in a number of cases they were actually 
killed. We saw colonies covered, for example, by Caulerpa, which had 
living polyps still. Few days later, the coral was dead and the algae was 
entangled around. Polyps most surely died by lack of food (no light 
needed) or chemical poisoning (or something like that). The same occurred 
when sponges covered them, and if filamentous algae attack them. It is 
interesting that, as Dr. Szamant mentioned, the center of the colony was 
more affected in this case, but when Caulerpa or sponges attacked, they 
started in the edges of the coral. I hope that this info would be useful. 
Thanks for your interest. Ah! By the way, I only heard of one reference 
about algae killing corals (although not related to ENSO; thanks Jan 
Korrubel). Saludos!
	Hector Reyes
	Depto. Biologia Marina. UABCS
	La Paz, MEXICO.


From coral at aoml.noaa.gov  Fri Jan 16 11:44:41 1998
From: coral at aoml.noaa.gov (Coral Health and Monitoring Program)
Date: Fri, 16 Jan 1998 11:44:41 -0500 (EST)
Subject: Coral mortality II
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.980116113544.9493A-100000@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>


Dear Hector,

	As most coral-listers are aware, there are many viewpoints and
many literature sources on the phenomenon of coral bleaching.  A quick
look at the Literature Abstracts section of the CHAMP Home Page
(http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov) will gain you some familiarity with the
subject.  Below are some titles from the "Bleaching" section, but a
further perusal of that page will reveal other related topics (e.g.,
"Climate and Weather Changes Affecting Coral Reefs," and "El Nino Related
Damage").  Incidentally, our esteemed Librarian, Linda Pikula, will soon
be updating the Liberature Abstracts page with a fairly comprehensive
survey of the literature for 1996 and 1997.

------------

         Bacterial infection and coral bleaching. [1996]

         Bacterial Ecology of Selected Corals Following the 1994 South
Central Pacific Bleaching Event. [1995]

         Bacteria Associated with Bleached and Nonbleached areas of
Monastrea annularis. [1993]

         Applying MCSST to coral reef bleaching

	Coral Bleaching Threatens Ocean, Life

	Lingering Effects of the 1987 Mass Bleaching of Puerto Rican
Coral Reefs in Mid to Late 1988. [1991]

         Elevated Temperatures and Bleaching on a High Latitude Coral
Reef: The 1988 Bermuda Event. [1990]

         The 1982-1983 El Nino: Impact of Eastern Pacific Reef Carbonate
Budgets and Implications for Severe Bleaching Disturbances--published. [1992]

         Recovery of the Coral Montastrea Annularis in the Florida Keys
after the 1987 Caribbean "Bleaching Event". [1993]

         Seawater Temperature and Sublethal Coral Bleaching in Jamaica.[1990]

         Coral Reef Bleaching: Ecological Perspectives. [1993]

         Coral reef bleaching in the 1980s and possible connections with
global warming. [1991]

         Reduced Growth Rate of Montastrea Annularis Following the
1987-1988 Coral-Bleaching Event. [1990]

         Remote Detection of Coral "Bleaching" Using Pulsed-Laser
Fluorescence Spectroscopy. [1992]

         Changes in Pigmentation Associated with the Bleaching of Stony
Corals. [1989]

         Bleaching in Reef Corals: Physiological and Stable Isotopic
Responses. [1989]

         Naturally Occurring and Laboratory Induced Bleaching in Two
Caribbean Coral Species. [1991]

         The Effects of Prolonged "Bleaching" on the Tissue Biomass and
Reproduction of the Reef Coral Montastrea Annularis. [1990]

         Response of Sponges with Autotrophic Endosymbionts During the
Coral-Bleaching Episode in Puerto Rico. [1990]

         Mechanisms of Bleaching of Zooxanthellate Symbioses. [1991]

         Bleaching of Caribbean Coral Reef Symbionts in
1987-1988--published. [1988]

         The World-Wide Coral Reef Bleaching Cycle and Related Sources of
Coral Mortality. [1990]

         Bleaching of Reef Organisms in the Santa Marta Region, Colombia:
1987 Caribbean-Wide Event. [1987]

---

	Hope this helps.

	Cheers,
	Jim Hendee



From gulko at hawaii.edu  Sun Jan 18 16:58:09 1998
From: gulko at hawaii.edu (Dave Alan Gulko)
Date: Sun, 18 Jan 1998 11:58:09 -1000
Subject: Chlorine Use on Coral Reefs (fwd)
Message-ID: <Pine.GSO.3.95q.980118115725.3140C-100000@uhunix5>



Does anyone know of any recent references on 
	- the use of chlorine products to capture reef fish? 
	- the effects of chlorine products on the physiology of reef
		organisms?
	Please direct responses directly to Dave Gulko at gulko at hawaii.edu
	Thank you for any assistance you may be able to provide.
		Sincerely,
			Dave Gulko





From skean1 at mindspring.com  Sun Jan 18 15:07:20 1998
From: skean1 at mindspring.com (Sander)
Date: Sun, 18 Jan 1998 20:07:20 +0000
Subject: weed lines
Message-ID: <34C260EA.EC408B89@mindspring.com>

I have heard recently of a company(based, I believe, in So. Carolina)
that is harvesting sargassum on the open sea for fertilizers, among
other things. I am looking for information on the harvesting of the
weedlines for an investigative report pointing out the tragedy of
destroying these important eco systems. Any information can be emailed
directly to me at <skean1 at mindspring.com>. Thanks, peace
Sander


From JSprung at compuserve.com  Tue Jan 20 23:20:53 1998
From: JSprung at compuserve.com (Julian F. Sprung)
Date: Tue, 20 Jan 1998 23:20:53 -0500
Subject: Message from Internet
Message-ID: <199801202321_MC2-300E-D482@compuserve.com>

Hello Everyone,

I wanted to comment on some of the statements in James Cervino's posted
message from January 15. Haven't had time to reply until now. Before I do,
I wanted to explain that my experience with corals is based on observations
in the wild (Caribbean mostly, but also Western Pacific, a little Eastern
Pacific and Red Sea), and also with growing corals in closed system
aquariums. My reason for writing this reply is that my experience
contradicts some of what Mr. Cervino wrote. For example:


>"Localized bleaching might be due to anthropogenic stressors such as
pollution, sewage >runoff, agricultural runoff, storm damage, and
sedimentation."

While sudden salinity drops from storm runoff can cause a bleaching event,
in general corals exposed to sewage runoff DARKEN as the zooxanthelae
either develop more pigment or increase in population in response to the
nutrients. When there are sufficient herbivores present, sewage runoff
should encourage the corals to grow more rapidly, unless they are in a
severely enclosed embayment with little tidal flushing.


>"Global Bleaching Events: Present evidence suggests that global scale
>bleaching events are due to elevated sea temperatures and high solar
>irradiance (UV wavelengths) (Glynn, '93,  Coral Reefs 12:1-17; Goreau &
>Hayes, '94, Ambio)."

This statement corresponds with what I've seen too, and not surprisingly we
(aquarists) see exactly the same thing in aquaria. When new lighting
systems are installed that produce high intensities of UV wavelengths, the
corals bleach and produce bright pigments. When organic rich yellow
aquarium water is filtered through activated carbon to remove the tint, the
sudden increase in UV penetration makes the corals bleach. Part of the
cause is apparently superoxide radicals (active oxygen) stimulated by
photosynthesis under UV light. High temperatures also cause bleaching
events in aquaria. High temperature also seems to increase the incidence of
what we call RTN in aquaria, short for rapid tissue necrosis, in Acroporid
and Pocilloporid corals. This rapid loss of tissue is often confused with
bleaching by aquarists, and I wonder if some of the "bleaching" events
reported in nature weren't sudden death due to such coral diseases. Two
types of RTN are common in aquaria. One is caused by bacteria (possibly
Vibrio spp.) and the other is caused by protozoans (possibly Helicostoma
sp.). There is some literature about this in aquarium journals and books.


>"After the expulsion of zooxanthellae (corals photosynthesizes), the
corals'
>metabolic activity is weakened, and the coral is basically starving. That
>leads to: a decline in its calcium laying ability, which has stopped
>growth and calcification); impairment of reproduction; and, tissue
>necrosis."

I believe that tissue necrosis is a secondary event, an infection of some
origin. I agree that after expulsion of the zoox's the coral is in a
starvation mode... but notice the contradiction here: in aquaria a speedy
recovery can be achieved by feeding the corals...by INCREASING the nutrient
availability in the water. This helps the zoox's repopulate the coral
tissue. A bleached coral living in nutrient poor water is on a downward
spiral of health if the temperature does not cool down or the water become
turbid, which would relieve the stress from the light. A cool, turbid,
nutrient rich upwelling is what bleached corals need.


>"Cyanobacterial invasion will disrupt the symbiosis between host and
zooxanthellae,"
>increase mucus-secretory production causing a wider surface area on the
>surface of the coral, and cell erosion. Bacterial populations will lead to
>the development of anoxic conditions on the surface of the coral, inviting
>a community of heterotrophic sulfide oxidizing bacteria, and sulfate
>reducers. This will lead to the corals demise (Peters, E. 84)."

I presume the cyanobacteria you refer to is Phormidium/black band and that
you are describing the process occuring at the bands. This relates to the
statement below...


>"According to personal observations since 1980, and photos from the '70s,
I
>have seen higher indices of coral reef diseases at reefs suffering from
>eutrophication, compared to reefs with less stresses due to excess
>nutrients. (PERSONAL OBSERVATIONS AND COMMUNICATIONS!)"


That statement is the one I disagree with most. Everywhere I have observed
coral reefs (Caribbean, Australia, Fiji, Solomons, Red Sea) I seem to find
bleaching and coral diseases in the most nutrient poor water and healthy
corals in the most nutrient rich water. (the only exception being extreme
temperature exposure causing bleaching in shallow inshore nutrient rich
areas). It is true that there is more algae on the nutrient rich reefs, but
the corals are generally healthier there. Incidentally black band disease
occurs in aquariums too...only under the most nutrient poor conditions.
Apparently Phormidium does not tolerate high nutrients. I should clarify
here that high nutrients in closed system aquaria are orders of magnitude
higher than anything ever seen in the wild.

I don't know if Marlin Atkinson is a subscriber to this list, but he has
been doing some interesting work with measurements in the aquaria at the
Waikiki Aquarium. A report by him and Bruce Carlson appeared in Coral Reefs
a while back, describing the nitrogen rich CO2 rich seawater used at the
Waikiki aquarium, which seems to produce rapid growth in reef building
corals.


So, to answer this statement-

>"Nutrients and Corals: Are Reefs Oligotrophic? The role of nutrient
enrichment as a >concomitant factor enhancing the growth rate and carrying
capacity of the macroalgal >overgrowth on corals needs to be investigated
following bleaching events."

I agree this must be investigated! The most nutrient poor ocean water will
still support lush algal growth on a highly illuminated suface (i.e. a
bared coral skeleton). Perhaps a little extra nutrient availability would
give a bleached coral strength to fight off the growth of algae (via it's
own mucus and antibiotic substances). Given too much nutrients the algae
certainly win, but strong herbivory can give the corals a damn good
fighting chance in the most nutrient rich circumstances. There are multiple
tests to be done!

Well that's my two cents worth. I may be wrong...but not entirely, based on
what I've seen.

Julian Sprung


From coral at aoml.noaa.gov  Wed Jan 21 12:18:40 1998
From: coral at aoml.noaa.gov (Coral Health and Monitoring Program)
Date: Wed, 21 Jan 1998 12:18:40 -0500 (EST)
Subject: Coral Bleaching in Galapagos
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.980121121552.22152A-100000@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>


FYI, a NOAA Press Release:


CONTACT:        Joyce Gross  202/482-8360 email: Joyce.W.Gross at noaa.gov

EL NINO CAUSING CORAL BLEACHING IN GALAPAGOS, NOAA ANNOUNCES

        El Ni?o's extremely warm waters in the Pacific Ocean have caused
coral bleaching in the waters around the Galapagos Islands, the Commerce
Department's National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration announced
today.

        Warm waters that are two to three degrees Celsius above the
maximum temperatures that are typically expected to develop during the
entire year, are continuing to develop down the coast of South America.
These Galapagos "hot spots," with temperatures well above last year's
levels, have been identified by NOAA satellite data.

        "The Galapagos, on the Equator off the coast of Ecuador, lie in
some of the warmest waters of this El NiZo," said NOAA oceanographer Al
Strong."Sea surface temperatures in the area are currently about 29
degrees Celsius, nearly a whole degree and a half warmer than what is
critical for bleaching at that site."  Strong reports that the satellite
data for the area have been confirmed by data from NOAA's data buoys.

        Corals at the Galapagos thrive as long as temperatures remain at
or below 27 degrees Celsius -- the normal maximum sea surface temperature
at this site.  An increase of one or two degrees above the usual maximum
temperatures can be deadly to these animals.  The temperature range for
corals to thrive varies from site to site by only a few degrees.

        Coral reefs -- the "rainforests of the oceans" -- support a
variety of sea life and provide resources of significant economic
importance such as fishing and recreation.  Coral bleaching, induced by
high water temperatures, has raised concerns about these fragile
ecosystems.  Coral bleaching occurs as coral tissue expels zooxanthellae,
a type of algae that resides in the structure of the coral, and is
essential to the coral's survival.  Corals normally recover, unless high
ocean temperatures persist for too long a period or become too warm.

        During the 1997-98 El NiZo, NOAA has also confirmed coral
bleaching in the Western Hemisphere at sites in the Florida Keys, Baja
California, Pacific Coast of Panama, the Yucatan coast, Caymans, and the
Netherland Antilles.

        "With 1998 named the Year of the Ocean, it is appropriate that we
focus our attention on these extremely important ecosystems," Strong said.

	Video animations of coral reef Hot Spots and sea surface
temperatures are available on the World Wide Web at:
http://manati.wwb.noaa.gov/orad

NOTE:  All NOAA press releases, and links to other NOAA material, can be
found on the Internet at http://www.noaa.gov/public-affairs.  Constituents
who wish to be added to our press release distribution list, or who wish
to switch from fax to e-mail delivery, can send an e-mail to the
individual listed above or fax to (202) 501-2953.  Do not use the reply
function of your e-mail program because your message does not go to the
contact person.






From tvjred at tlali.iztacala.unam.mx  Wed Jan 21 18:44:58 1998
From: tvjred at tlali.iztacala.unam.mx (Tovar Juarez Edgar)
Date: Wed, 21 Jan 1998 17:44:58 -0600 (CST)
Subject: Biogeochemical cycles
Message-ID: <Pine.LNX.3.95.980121173718.30512A-100000@tlali.iztacala.unam.mx>



   Does anyone know of any recent references on:

    Biogeochemical cycles of heavy metals in coral-reef ecosystems
    Heavy Metals in Thalassia testudinium & Ulva lactuca

    Please direct responses directly to Edgar Tovar at
    tvjred at tlali.iztacala.unam.mx

    Thank you for any assistance you may be able to provide.

     Sincerely:

                  Edgar Tovar.


From coral at aoml.noaa.gov  Thu Jan 22 09:39:04 1998
From: coral at aoml.noaa.gov (Coral Health and Monitoring Program)
Date: Thu, 22 Jan 1998 09:39:04 -0500 (EST)
Subject: Symposium Report: Coral Reefs and Global Change 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.980122093201.24944A-100000@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>


We are pleased to present a document received today from Bob Buddemeier,
Co-Organizer of the symposium, "Coral Reefs and Global Change:
Adaptation, Acclimation or Extinction?," held January 3-11, 1998 in
Boston, Massachusetts.  The location of the document on the Web is:

	http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/themes/coral_cg.html


Following is the text of the Executive Summary:

-------------------------------------

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Major revisions of concepts about corals and reef systems were developed
by an international working group of scientific experts that met in
conjunction with the Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology, the
International Society for Reef Studies, and the Ecological Society of
America (Boston, January 3-11, 1998) to evaluate the scientific basis for
growing concerns about the survival of coral reef ecosystems facing global
change and local stresses. The group, sponsored by the Scientific
Committee on Oceanic Research (SCOR) and the Land-Ocean Interactions in
the Coastal Zone (LOICZ) core project of the International
Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP), and with the support of the NOAA
Coastal Ocean Program, produced an interdisciplinary synthesis with
important implications for research, assessment, and management. Key
conclusions were:

+ The calcification rates of corals, coralline algae, and coral-algal
communities depends on the calcium carbonate saturation state of surface
seawater, and are expected to be reduced by rising atmospheric carbon
dioxide. This represents a global, systemic, climate-related threat to the
functioning of reef ecosystems that will interact with the more immediate
anthropogenic local stresses.

+ Coral reefs and communities are products of processes operating over a
wide range of interacting time and space scales, with fundamentally
different controls operating at different scales. While short-term
responses will be controlled by local environmental conditions and biotic
responses, the longer-term sustainability of a reef system depends on the
recruitment, dispersal, persistence, and interactions of populations at
larger scales.

+ Corals, and to some extent reef communities, possess numerous mechanisms
for acclimatization and adaptation - diverse reproductive strategies,
flexible symbiotic relationships, physiological acclimatization, habitat
tolerance, and a range of community interactions. However, current
understanding of these mechanisms, as well as of the critically important
calcification mechanisms, is inadequate to explain the past success of
corals and reefs or to ensure their conservation for the future.

Unlike many terrestrial ecosystems, coral reef ecosystems appear to be
directly threatened by globally increasing atmospheric CO2. Therefore,
conservation or management strategies aimed at removing or mitigating only
local, human-derived, or recently applied environmental stresses are
likely to be inadequate. Corals and reefs are potentially robust and
resilient, but realizing that potential requires the development of new
approaches and greater integration of fundamental and applied research,
conservation, and management.



From coral at aoml.noaa.gov  Thu Jan 22 09:52:23 1998
From: coral at aoml.noaa.gov (Coral Health and Monitoring Program)
Date: Thu, 22 Jan 1998 09:52:23 -0500 (EST)
Subject: Pecheux's CO2 Program
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.980122094932.25046A-100000@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>


Martin Pecheux's CO2 Program, "co2chimie," which is a Macintosh executable
he used for CO2 work in corals, may be found, along with documentation and
source code, at:

	ftp://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/pub/champ/software/pecheux/

Please direct any enquiries concerning the software to him at:

	martinpecheux at minitel.net



From eakin at ogp.noaa.gov  Thu Jan 22 10:32:20 1998
From: eakin at ogp.noaa.gov (Mark Eakin)
Date: 22 Jan 1998 10:32:20 U
Subject: Kidney Hoax
Message-ID: <n1326657270.72398@ogp.noaa.gov>

        Reply to:   Kidney Hoax

Aren't these scams wonderful.  First it was "Good Times" and its related e-mail virus hoaxes.  Then it was the hoax about the American Cancer Society and little Jessica Mydek.  Now it is hoaxes about kidney thieves run amok.  This one isn't even new!

Let's not turn our e-mail capabilities into an uninvited copy of the National Enquirer.  Please, think before you press that send or forward button.  If you do not know something is fact, don't send it on.  Most importantly, let's keep the messages appropriate to the forum.  I do not subscribe to coral-list to receive hoxes about kidney thieves.

If you don't believe me that it's a hoax, try the following sources:
http://urbanlegends.miningco.com/library/blkidney.htm
      - 11/20/97, even cites the disclaimer by the Daily Texan
   http://www.urbanlegends.com/medical/organ.theft/new_orleans_debunk.html

http://www.unos.org/Newsroom/archive_statement_022197.htm

Cheers,
Mark


From fthomas at jaguar1.usouthal.edu  Thu Jan 22 15:35:50 1998
From: fthomas at jaguar1.usouthal.edu (Flo Thomas)
Date: Thu, 22 Jan 1998 14:35:50 -0600
Subject: Graduate fellowship available
Message-ID: <199801222040.OAA04892@wahoo.mobile.gulf.net>

The University of South Alabama invites applications for their graduate
program in Marine Sciences.  Several Masters and Ph.D fellowships are
available that include a stipend and tuition. The deadline is April 1,
1998.   The research areas of the faculty include, fisheries science,
biomechanics, chemical oceanography, biological oceanography, zooplankton
ecology, coral reef ecology, seagrass ecology, invertebrate reproduction,
invertebrate biology, trophic ecology, wetlands ecology, biogeochemistry,
nutrient dynamics of estuarine systems, evolution and paleoecology of coral
reefs. 
	The student will spend the majority of their time at the Dauphin Island
Sea Lab.

The primary research faculty are:

Dr. Richard Aronson
Dr. Jim Cowan
Dr. Monty Graham
Dr. Ken Heck
Dr. Ron Kiene
Dr. Jon Pennock
Dr. Robert Shipp
Dr. Judy Stout
Dr. Florence Thomas
Dr. John Valentine


For further information on the faculty and facilities please see the
Dauphin Island Sea Lab Web Page at 
	http://sites.gulf.net/sealab
For a information about application procedure contact Amada Gonzales
(agonzle at jaguar1.usouthal.edu)  334- 460-7136 or Dr. Florence Thomas
(jaguar1.usouthal.edu).


From buddrw at pangaea.kgs.ukans.edu  Fri Jan 23 18:34:47 1998
From: buddrw at pangaea.kgs.ukans.edu (Bob Buddemeier)
Date: Fri, 23 Jan 1998 17:34:47 -0600
Subject: Meeting report
Message-ID: <s4c8d4c3.034@kgs.ukans.edu>

Dear Coral-Listers,

Jim Hendee has kindly posted the initial report the Boston Symposium and
working group meeting at
http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/themes/coral_cg.html.  For the benefit of
those who don't have good www access or who haven't had time to get
there yet, I am attaching the executive summary below.  A Proceedings
volume of American Zoologist is in preparation.

I want to acknowledge the participation and contributions of those who
presented contributed papers at the meeting, and the audience at the
symposium sessions.  It was an unusually interactive and productive
experience.  In particular, I need to point out that the contributed
paper* presented by Chris Langdon (langdon at ldeo.columbia.edu) and
colleagues was a particularly important contribution to the recognition
of the importance of saturation state controls on calcification, which
effectively complemented the symposium presentations of Gattuso,
Kleypas, and Opdyke.

*Effect of carbonate saturation state on the rate of calcification of an
experimental coral reef.  C. Langdon, T, Takahashi, T. McConnaughey, H.
Anderson and H. West.  Abstract published on p 72A, American Zoologist
vol 37 no. 5, 1997.

A couple of personal comments (not, repeat not, pretending to speak for
the rest of the group):  
     One of the lessons that I thought I already knew, but that got
strongly reinforced, is that coral reef science is not
*interdisciplinary* by virtue of the fact that different specialists
publish mutually incomprehensible (or ignored) papers in the same
journal.  It gets really interdisciplinary when people put their minds
and efforts into understanding a very different viewpoint and unfamiliar
data sets, often presented in words that sound familiar but are defined
differently.  When that happens, the conceptual models and questions
change rapidly.
     My view of how this all fits into the past, present and future
focus on reef-related issues is that our results (1) add an additional
sense of urgency (in case we needed any), (2) complicate further the
development of conservation and management strategies by pointing out
the importance of factors operating at uncomfortably large time and
space scales (nobody will think we needed any more complication, I'm
sure), and (3) simplify or clarify research strategies by offering some
directions to head that will yield a better formulation of the problems
-- which is usually a prerequisite for their solution (not just *more
research/monitoring is needed,* but what it is that we need to
understand and measure). 

Hermatypically yours,

Bob Buddemeier

________________________________________________________________
CORAL REEFS AND GLOBAL  CHANGE:  ADAPTATION, ACCLIMATION OR EXTINCTION?
-- INITIAL REPORT OF A SYMPOSIUM AND WORKSHOP


EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

 Major revisions of concepts about corals and reef systems were
developed by an international working group of scientific experts that
met in conjunction with the Society for Integrative and Comparative
Biology, the International Society for Reef Studies, and the Ecological
Society of America (Boston, January 3-11, 1998) to evaluate the
scientific basis for growing concerns about the survival of coral reef
ecosystems facing global change and local stresses.  The group,
sponsored by the Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research (SCOR) and the
Land-Ocean Interactions in the Coastal Zone (LOICZ) core project of the
International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP), and with the support
of the NOAA Coastal Ocean Program, produced an interdisciplinary
synthesis with important implications for research, assessment, and
management.  Key conclusions were:

*  The calcification rates of corals, coralline algae, and coral-algal
communities depend on the calcium carbonate saturation state of surface
seawater, and are expected to be reduced by rising atmospheric carbon
dioxide.  This represents a global, systemic, climate-related threat to
the functioning of reef ecosystems that will interact with the more
immediate anthropogenic local stresses.

*  Coral reefs and communities are products of processes operating over
a wide range of interacting time and space scales, with fundamentally
different controls operating at different scales.  While short-term
responses will be controlled by local environmental conditions and
biotic responses, the longer-term sustainability of a reef system
depends on the recruitment, dispersal, persistence, and interactions of
populations at larger scales.

*  Corals, and to some extent reef communities, possess numerous
mechanisms for acclimatization and adaptation -- diverse reproductive
strategies, flexible symbiotic relationships, physiological
acclimatization, habitat tolerance, and a range of community
interactions.  However, current understanding of these mechanisms, as
well as of the critically important calcification mechanisms, is
inadequate to explain the past success of corals and reefs or to ensure
their conservation for the future.

 Unlike many terrestrial ecosystems, coral reef ecosystems appear to be
directly threatened by globally increasing atmospheric CO2. Therefore,
conservation or management strategies aimed at removing or mitigating
only local, human-derived, or recently applied environmental stresses
are likely to be inadequate.  Corals and reefs are potentially robust
and resilient, but realizing that potential requires the development of
new approaches and greater integration of fundamental and applied
research, conservation, and management.





















From fthomas at jaguar1.usouthal.edu  Sat Jan 24 12:24:37 1998
From: fthomas at jaguar1.usouthal.edu (Flo Thomas)
Date: Sat, 24 Jan 1998 11:24:37 -0600
Subject: Graduate fellowships available
References: <3496DD4C.3FF8@worldnet.att.net>
Message-ID: <34CA23D5.BE3@jaguar1.usouthal.edu>

The University of South Alabama invites applications for their graduate
program in Marine Sciences.  Several Masters and Ph.D fellowships are
available that include a stipend and tuition. The deadline is April 1,
1998.   The research areas of the faculty include, fisheries science,
biomechanics, chemical oceanography, biological oceanography, 
zooplankton
ecology, coral reef ecology, seagrass ecology, invertebrate 
reproduction,
invertebrate biology, trophic ecology, wetlands ecology, 
biogeochemistry,
nutrient dynamics of estuarine systems, evolution and paleoecology of 
coral
reefs.
        The student will spend the majority of their time at the Dauphin 
Island
Sea Lab.

The primary research faculty are:

Dr. Richard Aronson
Dr. Jim Cowan
Dr. Monty Graham
Dr. Ken Heck
Dr. Ron Kiene
Dr. Jon Pennock
Dr. Robert Shipp
Dr. Judy Stout
Dr. Florence Thomas
Dr. John Valentine


For further information on the faculty and facilities please see the
Dauphin Island Sea Lab Web Page at
        http://sites.gulf.net/sealab
For a information about application procedure contact the deartment 
through Amada Gonzales
(agonzale at jaguar1.usouthal.edu)  334- 460-7136 or the faculty through 
Dr. Florence Thomas 334-861-7544
(jaguar1.usouthal.edu).


From kenn at mail.bogo.co.uk  Sun Jan 25 17:04:29 1998
From: kenn at mail.bogo.co.uk (K.H. von Kaufmann)
Date: Sun, 25 Jan 1998 22:04:29 +0000
Subject: E. Africa floods effect on reefs?
Message-ID: <3.0.5.16.19980125220429.2defedbc@mail.bogo.co.uk>

Dear Coral-list,

Firstly I have just joined the list so apologies if you have covered this
recently:

Over the past few months there have been exceptional rains in East Africa,
in particular Northern Kenya and Southern Somalia.  There is much land
clearance and soil erosion upcountry, and even normally the rivers such as
the Tana and Juba are now thick with silt.  I am sure this must be having
an effect on the reefs of the entire coast, from Tanzania to Somalia. I am
sure the sea must be visibly brown from space. Does anybody know of anyone
monitoring this (I will post this to the UNEP Infoterra list as well)?
Anywhere I might find examples of this in the past and other regions?  I
will pass on what I find to those who are interested.

Thanks,
Kenn.

K.H. von Kaufmann, 
2 Hamilton House,
High Park Road,
Kew, Richmond,
Surrey,
TW9 4BJ
UK
Tel:(0181) 878 2055.  
kenn at bogo.co.uk


From skean1 at mindspring.com  Sun Jan 18 15:07:20 1998
From: skean1 at mindspring.com (Sander)
Date: Sun, 18 Jan 1998 20:07:20 +0000
Subject: weed lines
Message-ID: <34C260EA.EC408B89@mindspring.com>

I have heard recently of a company(based, I believe, in So. Carolina)
that is harvesting sargassum on the open sea for fertilizers, among
other things. I am looking for information on the harvesting of the
weedlines for an investigative report pointing out the tragedy of
destroying these important eco systems. Any information can be emailed
directly to me at <skean1 at mindspring.com>. Thanks, peace
Sander



From heiss at cerege.fr  Mon Jan 26 08:24:12 1998
From: heiss at cerege.fr (Georg Heiss)
Date: Mon, 26 Jan 1998 14:24:12 +0100
Subject: Q: Coral spawning in the Seychelles?
Message-ID: <v03110703b0f23d048284@[193.49.98.91]>

Dear list members,

Does anyone know something about the time of coral spawning in the Seychelles?

Thank you for your time.  Could you please reply to me directly.

Georg

___________________
Dr. Georg A. Heiss
Centre des Faibles Radioactivit?s
Laboratoire Mixte CNRS-CEA
Domaine du CNRS
91198 Gif sur Yvette Cedex FRANCE
Georg.Heiss at cfr.cnrs-gif.fr

CEREGE
BP 80
F-13545 Aix-en-Provence cedex 4
heiss at cerege.fr



From coral at aoml.noaa.gov  Mon Jan 26 14:45:09 1998
From: coral at aoml.noaa.gov (Coral Health and Monitoring Program)
Date: Mon, 26 Jan 1998 14:45:09 -0500 (EST)
Subject: Forwarded mail....
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.980126144426.7194A-100000@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>


Date: Mon, 26 Jan 98 13:51:27 -0500
Subject: Re: Bleaching? and Coral spawning in the Seychelles?
To: Georg Heiss <heiss at cerege.fr>, coral-list
From: astrong at nesdis.noaa.gov

Georg -- We have been noting SSTs close to what are critial levels [30C]
for bleaching near the Seychelles for a couple months now....has anyone
heard of/seen notes of recent bleaching from this location?  We had heard
that some bleaching was observed last April [1997].

Thanks,
Al Strong

On Mon, 26 Jan 1998, Georg Heiss <heiss at cerege.fr> wrote:
>Dear list members,
>
>Does anyone know something about the time of coral spawning in the Seychelles?
>
>Thank you for your time.  Could you please reply to me directly.
>
>Georg
>
>___________________
>Dr. Georg A. Heiss
>Centre des Faibles Radioactivit?s
>Laboratoire Mixte CNRS-CEA
>Domaine du CNRS
>91198 Gif sur Yvette Cedex FRANCE
>Georg.Heiss at cfr.cnrs-gif.fr
>
>CEREGE
>BP 80
>F-13545 Aix-en-Provence cedex 4
>heiss at cerege.fr
>
>
>
**** <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< *****
Alan E. Strong
  Phys Scientist/Oceanographer                Adj Assoc Res Professor
    NOAA/NESDIS/ORA/ORAD -- E/RA3            US Naval Academy
    NOAA Science Center -- RM 711W                Oceanography Department
      5200 Auth Road                              Annapolis, MD 21402
      Camp Springs, MD 20746                      410-293-6550
Alan.E.Strong at noaa.gov
     301-763-8102 x170   FAX: 301-763-8108
          http://manati.wwb.noaa.gov/orad


From astrong at nesdis.noaa.gov  Tue Jan 27 10:14:25 1998
From: astrong at nesdis.noaa.gov (astrong at nesdis.noaa.gov)
Date: Tue, 27 Jan 98 10:14:25 -0500
Subject: Tahiti Bleaching
In-Reply-To: <Pine.SGI.3.92.980126144426.7194A-100000@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Message-ID: <199801271407.JAA07253@orbit8i.nesdis.noaa.gov>

We just received this query about possible bleaching near Tahiti:

....our response follows [posted at the HotSpot WebSite]...

Dear Alan,

 We have reports that SST  around Tahiti and Moorea has raised to 30? C,
but we do not have any information on the conditions under which such
values are recorded (e.g. lagoon waters, open ocean ...) If such values are
representative of the true situation, then conditions for a bleaching event
could me met.  From your satellite data, could you confirm that something
is brewing?

 Many thanks and kind regards

Michel [Pichon]

(http://psbsgi1.nesdis.noaa.gov:8080/PSB/EPS/SST/climohot.html)

NOTES:    January 27, 1998 -- HotSpots

SSTs have inched a bit higher in the vicinity of the 
Galapagos, approaching 29C within the El Nino 
"HotSpot," showing values nearly 3 deg C above 
the warmest climatological SST for the ENTIRE year; 
30C SSTs can be seen to the NE off the coast of 
Central America.  The HotSpot envelope has pressed 
southward toward Tahiti during the past few weeks 
and there is some concern that the 30C [plus] SSTs 
near 150W/15S may expand toward Tahiti and 
French Polynesia.

In the Indian Ocean, the large HotSpot that has been
elongated NW-SE shows signs of weakening.  Concern
has been expressed that these extreme SSTs may have
caused some bleaching near the Seychelles.

AES





**** <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< *****
Alan E. Strong
  Phys Scientist/Oceanographer               Adj Assoc Res Professor
    NOAA/NESDIS/ORA/ORAD -- E/RA3            US Naval Academy
    NOAA Science Center -- RM 711W           Oceanography Department
      5200 Auth Road                              Annapolis, MD 21402
      Camp Springs, MD 20746                      410-293-6550
               Alan.E.Strong at noaa.gov
               301-763-8102 x170   FAX: 301-763-8108
                         http://manati.wwb.noaa.gov/orad


From bhaskell at fknms.nos.noaa.gov  Tue Jan 27 14:44:16 1998
From: bhaskell at fknms.nos.noaa.gov (Haskell, Ben)
Date: Tue, 27 Jan 1998 15:44:16 -0400
Subject: Bonaire Marine Park
Message-ID: <v03007802b0f3a2ffd40b@[192.111.123.202]>

Dear Coraleros:

Does anyone have a phone and fax number for the Bonaire Marine Park? Thank
you. Please reply to bhaskell at fknms.nos.noaa.gov




From ccc at coralcay.demon.co.uk  Thu Jan 29 12:11:43 1998
From: ccc at coralcay.demon.co.uk (ccc at coralcay.demon.co.uk)
Date: Thu, 29 Jan 1998 17:11:43 +0000
Subject: Bleaching in Borneo
Message-ID: <199801291700.RAA28720@coralcay.demon.co.uk>

Coral Cay Conservation is currently initiating a major series 
of baseline surveys in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Initial 
observations have reported significant coral bleaching, reaching 
60-70% at some depths. Interestingly the water is much colder than 
normal (approximately 23 degrees) and there are also extensive 
plankton blooms. If anyone else has similar observations from this 
area I would be keen to hear about them. I would also appreciate 
comments on whether these oceanographic conditions are typical for 
the area at this time of year or perhaps linked to El Nino.

I hope to post more detailed data on the extent of coral 
bleaching over the next few months.

Many thanks,

Alastair Harborne
Science Co-ordinator.
--
Coral Cay Conservation Ltd.  154 Clapham Park Road, London, SW4 7DE, UK.
Tel: +44 (0)171 498 6248         Fax: +44 (0)171 498 8447 / 622 6126
E-Mail: ccc at coralcay.demon.co.uk | "Providing resources for the protection and
WWW:    http://www.coralcay.org/ |  sustainable use of coastal environments."


From bhatton at alphalogic.com  Fri Jan 30 00:02:44 1998
From: bhatton at alphalogic.com (Barry Hatton)
Date: Thu, 29 Jan 1998 21:02:44 -0800 (PST)
Subject: 1998 Western Marine Conference
Message-ID: <199801300502.VAA19307@wolfenet.com>

The 1998 Western Marine Conference, hosted by the Puget Sound Aquarium
Society, will be held on April 3-5, 1998 in Seattle, WA.

Speakers include :

Craig Bingman - Chemistry in the Reef Aquarium
Bruce Carlson - Why Some Animals are "Impossible" and Will That Always Be True?
Charles Delbeek - Keeping Non-Photosynthetic Corals Such as Gorgonians and
Dendronepthea
Paul Hough - Captive Breeding of Great Barrier Reef Corals
Scott Michael - Invertebrate-Friendly Fish
Martin Moe - Breakthroughs in Rearing Tropical Marine Fish
Alf Nilsen - Reef Hobby Overview - History and Status
Dana Riddle - Coral Pigmentation
Ron Shimek - The Message of Morphology - The Reef Aquarium as an Ecosystem
Julian Sprung - Mangroves

Visit the conference website at http://www.pnweb.com/psas/wmc98 for
information on schedule, speakers, venue, and more. Online registration is
available for attendees and vendors. 

Information can also available be obtained by calling (888)751-WMC1 or by
sending email to wmc98 at pnweb.com.