From SMW at iucnearo.org Tue Aug 1 04:07:46 2000 From: SMW at iucnearo.org (WELLS Sue) Date: Tue, 01 Aug 2000 11:07:46 +0300 Subject: Position announcement Message-ID: PLEASE RESPOND AS REQUESTED IN ADVERT BELOW - NOT TO THE SENDER OF THIS E-MAIL The following position has a substantial marine component (establishment of a marine park, and sea turtle conservation programme) POSITION ANNOUNCEMENT IUCN-The World Conservation Union CHIEF TECHNICAL ADVISOR--Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Development Project Based in Moroni, Grande Comore, R.F.I. des Comores IUCN - The World Conservation Union is an international organization that seeks to influence, encourage and assist societies throughout the world to conserve the integrity and diversity of nature, and to ensure that any use of natural resources is ecologically sustainable and equitable. In the Comores, the Eastern Africa Regional Office (EARO) of IUCN is implementing an integrated GEF/Capacity 21 project to build Comorian capacity to conserve biodiversity within a framework of sustainable development. The project, of five years duration and now in its second year, will assist to establish the legal, financial, institutional and operational frameworks and essential technical skills for collaborative management and sustainable use of biodiversity. IUCN EARO is looking for an experienced professional as the Chief Technical Advisor (CTA) to implement the project with the Directorate General of the Environment within the Ministry of Production, and the Environment. The CTA will play a supportive role to the Director General of Environment, and will work closely with the National Project Coordinator and other project staff. He/She will be the focal point for the coordination and delivery of the overall IUCN technical assistance programme under the project and management of the project finances under the IUCN budget lines. He/she will need technical expertise and direct experience in the following areas: ? Development of governmental and non-governmental institutions and personnel, including cross-sectoral coordinating mechanisms, and working with counterparts; ? Biodiversity conservation activities--such as PA design and management and species recovery plan development and implementation; ? Community-based natural resource management and/or biodiversity conservation, including development of collaborative management frameworks and agreements; ? Mechanisms for funding conservation, (including proposal writing). (Direct experience with endowment funds will be an advantage.) The ideal candidates should have: ? Minimum Masters degree in a discipline related to Natural Resource Management and ten years experience, preferably in Small Island Developing States and/or Africa; ? Proficiency in spoken and written French and English; ? Project management experience, excellent interpersonal and team building skills, and an ability to organize and motivate others; ? Demonstrated skills in facilitation, training, conflict resolution and communications. The contract will be for two years, renewable, and will start as soon as possible. Applicants should submit their detailed CV with contacts of three referees to the Regional Representative, IUCN EARO, P.O. Box 68200, Nairobi, Kenya, fax: 254-2-890615, by 30 October 2000. Only shortlisted candidates will be contacted. IUCN is an equal opportunity employer. Bureau R?gional d'Afrique Orientale UICN -Union Mondiale pour la Nature CONSEILLER TECHNIQUE PRINCIPAL - Projet de Conservation de la Biodiversit? et D?veloppement Durable en R?publique F?d?rale Islamique des Comores. Le Bureau R?gional d'Afrique Orientale de l'UICN - l'Union Mondiale Pour la Nature (UICN-BRAO) cherche ? recruter un Conseiller Technique Principal (CTP) pour le projet mentionn? ci-dessus. Ce projet pluridisciplinaire de cinq ans, ex?cut? par le Direction G?n?rale de l'Environnement, a d?marr? en 1998. Il a pour objectif d'?tablir les cadres op?rationnels, institutionnels, financiers et l?gaux et de d?velopper les capacit?s techniques n?cessaires pour une gestion participative de la biodiversit? et son utilisation durable. Le CTP aura pour t?che de conseiller et d'aider ? la gestion et ? la supervision g?n?rale du projet. Les diverses composantes du projet sont : le renforcement des capacit?s, la mise en place du cadre institutionnel, l?gal et financier, la planification d'aires prot?g?es bas?es sur la cogestion, la conservation d'esp?ces menac?es, la sensibilisation et la participation des communaut?s locales et l'am?lioration des sources de revenu de celles-ci. Le CTP aura un r?le de catalyseur et de facilitateur et gardera le souci de d?velopper les capacit?s des institutions existantes et de leur personnel. Le candidat id?al a une ma?trise dans une discipline pertinente et environ dix ann?es d'exp?rience professionnelle dans la gestion des ressources naturelles et la planification de l'environnement, de pr?f?rence dans les petites ?les en d?veloppement et/ou en Afrique. Elle/il doit avoir une expertise technique et une exp?rience concr?te dans suffisamment de domaines tels que le renforcement des capacit?s des institutions et du personnel, les m?canismes de coordination intersectorielle, la formation, les activit?s de conservation de la biodiversit? comme par exemple les aires prot?g?es et la conservation des esp?ces, la gestion communautaire des ressources naturelles et/ou leur conservation, et les m?canismes de financement de la conservation de l'environnement. Elle/il a fait preuve de ses capacit?s en tant que facilitateur et pourra former et guider une ?quipe bas?e sur le terrain. Elle/il doit imp?rativement avoir de l'exp?rience en gestion de projets et avoir d'excellentes comp?tences interpersonnelles de communication, de formation et d'animation d'?quipes. Finalement, elle/il doit parler et ?crire couramment le fran?ais et avoir une tr?s bonne connaissance de l'anglais. Le contrat est de deux ans renouvelable et le poste est ? pourvoir d?s que possible. Les candidats doivent envoyer leur lettre de candidature, leur curriculum vitae d?taill? et les noms et coordonn?es de trois r?pondants professionnels ? : Le Repr?sentant R?gional, UICN Bureau R?gional de l'Afrique Oriental, B P 68200, Nairobi, Kenya, fax 254 2 890615 au plus tard le 30 octobre 2000. Seuls les candidats pr?s?lectionn?s seront contact?s. Sue Wells Co-ordinator, E.A. Marine Programme IUCN Eastern African Regional Office P.O. Box 68200 Nairobi, Kenya Tel: +254 2 890605 Fax: +254 2 890615 e-mail: smw at iucnearo.org (home tel: +254 2 891499) From gesbrd at vsnl.com Tue Aug 1 08:43:06 2000 From: gesbrd at vsnl.com (gujarat ecological society) Date: Tue, 01 Aug 2000 18:13:06 +0530 Subject: red coral References: Message-ID: <3986C5DA.3671C6AB@vsnl.com> I am searching for references on 'red corals' : the scientific name and distribution particulry in the Indian Ocean region.. Can any one help me? Thanks Geetanjali Deshmukhe From GBUCK at crs.loc.gov Tue Aug 1 11:42:27 2000 From: GBUCK at crs.loc.gov (Gene Buck) Date: Tue, 01 Aug 2000 11:42:27 -0400 Subject: Red coral - Indian Ocean? Message-ID: Please respond directly to: gesbrd at vsnl.com I am searching for references on 'red corals' : the scientific name and distribution particulry in the Indian Ocean region.. Can any one help me? Thanks Geetanjali Deshmukhe From tdone at aims.gov.au Thu Aug 3 02:00:00 2000 From: tdone at aims.gov.au (Terry Done) Date: Thu, 03 Aug 2000 16:00:00 +1000 Subject: Another reminder: Register for Bali Message-ID: <3.0.5.32.20000803160000.00882bd0@email.aims.gov.au> A non-text attachment was scrubbed... Name: not available Type: text/enriched Size: 1081 bytes Desc: not available Url : http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/pipermail/coral-list-old/attachments/20000803/7f966aa5/attachment.bin From crmpriau at pbaru.wasantara.net.id Thu Aug 3 03:08:00 2000 From: crmpriau at pbaru.wasantara.net.id (CRITC COREMAP PROPINSI RIAU) Date: Thu, 3 Aug 2000 14:08:00 +0700 Subject: SOS - Offshore Sand Mining Message-ID: <000301bffd1d$d78a30a0$0100a8c0@pbaru.wasantara.net.id> Please response to < crmpriau at pbaru.wasantara.net.id > I am Wijayanto, I have been working for Coral Reef Rehabilitation and Management Program (COREMAP) at Regional Planning and Devcelopment Board of Riau Province, Indonesia. Does anyone can explain or have any references regarding the impact of offshore sand mining. I am very greatful if you can help me to save our island and coral reef. Thank you very much in advance. Regards, WIJAYANTO Coral Reef Rehabilitation and Management Program (COREMAP) Regional Planning and Development Board (BAPPEDA) Of Riau Province Jln Gajah Mada No 200 Pekanbaru 28116 - Riau - INDONESIA Phone/Faks : 61 761 47007 E-mail : crmpriau at pbaru.wasantara.net.id -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/pipermail/coral-list-old/attachments/20000803/b4f56bd7/attachment.html From Courtney.Lee at EPAMAIL.EPA.GOV Thu Aug 3 08:20:32 2000 From: Courtney.Lee at EPAMAIL.EPA.GOV (Courtney.Lee at EPAMAIL.EPA.GOV) Date: Thu, 03 Aug 2000 07:20:32 -0500 Subject: SOS - Offshore Sand Mining Message-ID: <85256930.0043313E.00@EPAHUB2.RTP.EPA.GOV> FYI The attachment to the email below and distributed via the coral-list server contained a virus (WScript.KakWorm ). This is a warning to anyone receiving the message who is not running current virus detection software, please check your system so that this virus does not damage your system or so that you do not transmit it further. Also, the originator, please check and clean your system before transmitting additional messages. Thank You |--------+-------------------------------> | | crmpriau at pbaru.wasant| | | ara.net.id | | | | | | 08/03/2000 02:08 AM | | | Please respond to | | | crmpriau | | | | |--------+-------------------------------> >----------------------------------------------------------------------------| | | | To: coastal_list at udel.edu, c.a.bennink at rikz.rws.minvenw.nl, | | coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov | | cc: | | Subject: SOS - Offshore Sand Mining | >----------------------------------------------------------------------------| Please response to < crmpriau at pbaru.wasantara.net.id > I am Wijayanto, I have been working for Coral Reef Rehabilitation and Management Program (COREMAP) at Regional Planning and Devcelopment Board of Riau Province, Indonesia. Does anyone can explain or have any references regarding the impact of offshore sand mining. I am very greatful if you can help me to save our island and coral reef. Thank you very much in advance. Regards, WIJAYANTO Coral Reef Rehabilitation and Management Program (COREMAP) Regional Planning and Development Board (BAPPEDA) Of Riau Province Jln Gajah Mada No 200 Pekanbaru 28116 - Riau - INDONESIA Phone/Faks : 61 761 47007 E-mail : crmpriau at pbaru.wasantara.net.id [The file (Embedded image moved to file: pic24082.pcx) - att1.htm contained a virus and was deleted.] -------------- next part -------------- A non-text attachment was scrubbed... Name: pic24082.pcx Type: application/octet-stream Size: 1761 bytes Desc: not available Url : http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/pipermail/coral-list-old/attachments/20000803/27d308e9/attachment.obj From danaher at aoml.noaa.gov Thu Aug 3 09:19:00 2000 From: danaher at aoml.noaa.gov (Deborah Danaher) Date: Thu, 03 Aug 2000 09:19:00 -0400 Subject: Virus concerns Message-ID: <3.0.32.20000803091900.009a9a20@pop.aoml.noaa.gov> A non-text attachment was scrubbed... Name: not available Type: text/enriched Size: 324 bytes Desc: not available Url : http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/pipermail/coral-list-old/attachments/20000803/76ecaa9c/attachment.bin From danaher at aoml.noaa.gov Thu Aug 3 11:25:20 2000 From: danaher at aoml.noaa.gov (Deborah Danaher) Date: Thu, 03 Aug 2000 11:25:20 -0400 Subject: server back up Message-ID: <3.0.32.20000803112520.0097c330@pop.aoml.noaa.gov> A non-text attachment was scrubbed... Name: not available Type: text/enriched Size: 680 bytes Desc: not available Url : http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/pipermail/coral-list-old/attachments/20000803/ab63ed38/attachment.bin From mnolan01 at sprynet.com Thu Aug 3 13:13:16 2000 From: mnolan01 at sprynet.com (Mike Nolan) Date: Thu, 03 Aug 2000 13:13:16 -0400 Subject: [Fwd: Scholarships! Dominica 2001] Message-ID: <3989A82C.6AEA@sprynet.com> List Members: Sending this opportunity to the list on behalf of Sascha Steiner, Ph.D. of ITME/Dominica. Thank you. -- Sincerely, Mike Nolan *********************************************************************** Rainforest and Reef 501 (c)(3) non-profit 29 Prospect NE Suite #8 Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503 USA Phone/Fax: (616) 776-5928/Toll Free: (877) 769-3086 E-mail: rainforest at mail.org or mnolan01 at sprynet.com ICQ #62481102 "Outstanding/Affordable Field Courses in Rainforest and Marine Ecology" *********************************************************************** -------------- next part -------------- An embedded message was scrubbed... From: "ITME Institute for Tropical Marine Ecology" Subject: Scholarships! Dominica 2001 Date: Tue, 1 Aug 2000 15:38:07 -0700 Size: 2904 Url: http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/pipermail/coral-list-old/attachments/20000803/9ccc75ea/attachment.mht From bjenkins at calacademy.org Thu Aug 3 13:34:27 2000 From: bjenkins at calacademy.org (Bob Jenkins) Date: Thu, 03 Aug 2000 10:34:27 -0700 Subject: Japanese Corals in Pet Shops Message-ID: <3989AD23.84BD9DA1@calacademy.org> http://www.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/getarticle.pl5?nn20000803b3.htm The Japan Times: Aug. 3, 2000 Rare corals sold in pet shops contributing to species' decline Various types of live coral from coastal areas in Japan, including rare species, are being sold in pet shops in and around Tokyo, a group monitoring wildlife trafficking said Wednesday. A survey conducted by the Japan office of the Trade Records Analysis Flora and Fauna in Commerce found that up to 60 species of coral were being sold in one shop alone, with the highest price for one piece being 40,000 yen.

This deer's-horn coral can be seen at a Tokyo aquarium. Coral does not survive in standard fish tanks. In conjunction with experts, the group confirmed 12 of the 16 pet and tropical fish shops they visited in Tokyo, Kanagawa and Chiba prefectures sold coral from such coastal areas as the Kii Peninsula, Shikoku and Kumamoto Prefecture. Among those on display were rare species. There are almost no regulations controlling the coral trade in Japan. The number of enthusiasts keeping coral in their own tanks has increased over the past couple of years, and rare species are advertised on Web sites, the group said. Members of the group and the World Wide Fund for Nature submitted petitions Wednesday to the environment and fisheries agencies asking them to conduct detailed examinations of the coral trade. They said the trade in coral damages its habitats, which have been shrinking due to increasing environmental destruction. Even though prefectures such as Tokyo and Okinawa ban the collection of coral by divers not engaged in the fisheries business, authorities cannot establish a case unless they catch perpetrators red-handed. Aquarium officials said the indiscriminate hunting of coral has been increasing. (C) All rights reserved -- Robert L. Jenkins, Director, Steinhart Aquarium NOTE: In accordance with Title 17 U.S.C. section 107, any copyrighted material herein is distributed without profit or payment to those who have expressed a prior interest in receiving this information for non-profit research and educational purposes only. From mkirda at dsl.telocity.com Thu Aug 3 14:29:09 2000 From: mkirda at dsl.telocity.com (Mike Kirda) Date: Thu, 03 Aug 2000 13:29:09 -0500 Subject: server back up References: <3.0.32.20000803112520.0097c330@pop.aoml.noaa.gov> Message-ID: <3989B9F5.790A63B5@dsl.telocity.com> Deborah Danaher wrote: > > I am trying to find out what the virus was intended to do and will post what I find out. I do know that the Windows operating system is the target, so MACophiles can just sit back and watch us squirm. > Deborah Danaher Deborah, For everyone- a bookmark to McAfee's Virus Library: http://vil.nai.com/villib/alpha.asp For information on this specific virus, please see: http://vil.nai.com/villib/dispvirus.asp?virus_k=10509 A perfect example of why building a web browser into an operating system is not such a great idea. Thanks, Microsoft. For anyone still using Outlook (Express), follow the instructions and you will turn off all methods of infection for this type of VB scripting virus. Regards. Mike Kirda From danaher at aoml.noaa.gov Thu Aug 3 15:25:11 2000 From: danaher at aoml.noaa.gov (Deborah Danaher) Date: Thu, 03 Aug 2000 15:25:11 -0400 Subject: disinfecting Message-ID: <3.0.32.20000803152511.0094ba70@pop.aoml.noaa.gov> A non-text attachment was scrubbed... Name: not available Type: text/enriched Size: 1940 bytes Desc: not available Url : http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/pipermail/coral-list-old/attachments/20000803/cd4d65d0/attachment.bin From matz at ibch.ibch.ru Fri Aug 4 03:31:48 2000 From: matz at ibch.ibch.ru (Mikhail Matz) Date: Fri, 04 Aug 2000 11:31:48 +0400 Subject: Orange Montastrea cavernosa recruits? References: <003001bff70c$891e5d40$204834d0@infochan.com> Message-ID: <398A7164.3E71C6FF@ibch.siobc.ras.ru> ??? Dear Dr. Murray, ??? thank you very much for your posting. So, here comes the reasoning against photoprotection function of fluorescent pigments from corals. These pigments are (in the majority of cases) proteins homologous to green fluorescent protein (GFP) from Aequorea victoria, as we recently found out? (Matz et al, Nat.Biotechnol. 17: 969-973, 1999). ??? We already had a bit of this discussion with prof. Ove Hoegh-Guldberg of the University of Queensland (oveh at uq.edu.au), who was also suggesting photoprotection as the major role of fluorescent proteins. Here is a part of what I wrote to him directly in responce: Concerning photoprotection I would rather disagree with you. First of all, corals possess a multitude of low-molecular sunscreen compounds for this purpose (see, for example, Dunlap, W.C. et al. Nature's sunscreen from the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. International Journal of Cosmetic Science 20, 41-51 (1998)), so additional recruitment of specialized proteins for the same purpose seems rather tedious. Still, if it still was protection from UV, there is no difference which fluorescent color to use - green or red, they are both UV-excitable. Meanwhile, our most recent data on molecular features of red-emitters suggest that they are advanced versions of greens, so that a point mutation would most likely damage the red protein making it green. Therefore, red color should have some special role in nature (different from green!) to be maintained by natural selection, otherwise all the red-emitters would have long since deteriorated into greens due to mutation pressure. In addition, red-emitters are heavily suboptimal in comparison to greens in terms of photoprotection - they all have much lower quantum yields of fluorescence. ??? So, I think that the coral fluorescence file is still far from being closed. ??? I would be happy to continue this discussion, especially taking in account that the question of the fluorescent proteins function in corals is exactly the subject of my current research. sincerely yours Mikhail Matz, Ph.D. Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10 117871 Moscow, Russia ? Robert Murray wrote: > Hi Iain et al,?Coral photobiology is not my area of study, although I > did examine the topic some years ago. I believe it is fairly common > for many corals to exhibit brightly coloured fluorescence pigments > (especially those in shallowest water conditions where light intensity > is greatest).?From some of the literature I have read I seem to > remember a plausible case for these pigments operating as some sort of > protection against the destructive energy of short (UV) wavelengths, > by liberating some of this energy as harmless (less energetic) visible > fluorescence. Perhaps this is one of the discredited theories now. If > so, I would be interested to hear the evidence against it.?Regards to > all?Robert Murray.??(What's up Iain?)??======================= > ROBERT MURRAY? BSc, FGA, > Discovery Bay Marine Laboratory, > Discovery Bay, Jamaica, W.I. > > Tel. (876) 973 2946 > Fax. (876) 973 3091 > rmurray at infochan.com > WWW.DBML.ORG > =======================? > > ----- Original Message ----- > From: Mikhail Matz > To: Iain Macdonald ; coral list > Sent: Tuesday, July 25, 2000 11:33 > Subject: Re: Orange Montastrea cavernosa recruits? > ?Hi Iain, > we know a little bit what is the substance causing the > fluorescence in > corals, > and observations, measurements and photos were made about > this > (see http://www.nightsea.com/references.htm for the list of > related > papers and websites) > Moreover, in particular M.cavernosa fluorescence was > measured (in situ) > by Charles Mazel > and is studied by me (in vitro) right now. > > However, so far we have absolutely no clue as to the > function of this > fluorescence in > nature (if we forget for a moment about older hypotheses all > of which > seem wrong by now), > and the subject is my primary interest. Your observation is, > as far as I > know, the first > information which might help to link fluorescence to some > aspect of coral > ecology. I would be > extremely grateful if you could provide some more details on > your > observations. > I would like to ask all coral listers as well - perhaps you > saw > something like Iain? Anything > which could give a hint about the function of fluorescence? > Or perhaps I > simply missed something > in literature? > best wishes, > > Mike Matz > ? > > Iain Macdonald wrote: > > > During a recent field trip i noted the following along my > transects. > > > > M. cavernosa recruits (i use the plural as this was seen > three > > different times), of only one polyp was noted at approx. > 15-20m depth > > to appear to the unaided eye as fluorescent orange. Close > by (ie > > 10cm away) 5 polyps were the typical olive green colour > with this > > "day glow" orange colour around its edges. Again a few cms > away > > larger colonies 20-25 polyps were only olive green. Is > this typical > > for recruits (i think not) or maybe as a result of some > stress > > (sediment) stimulus? I was startled to see such colour > from this type > > of coral and would like to konw of any other observations. > > > > > Cheers > > > > Iain Macd. > > > > Room E402 John Dalton Extension Building, > > Department of Environmental and Geographical Science, > > Manchester Metropolitian University, > > Chester Street, > > Manchester, > > M1 5GD > > Tel: 0161 247 6234 > > Fax: 0161 247 6318 > ? > -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/pipermail/coral-list-old/attachments/20000804/348132f4/attachment.html From woodley at uwimona.edu.jm Fri Aug 4 08:29:56 2000 From: woodley at uwimona.edu.jm (Jeremy Woodley) Date: Fri, 4 Aug 2000 07:29:56 -0500 (GMT-0500) Subject: Orange Montastrea cavernosa recruits? In-Reply-To: <398A7164.3E71C6FF@ibch.siobc.ras.ru> Message-ID: Does the fluorescence make more of the energy of uv light available for photosynthesis? I am not sufficiently familiar with the action spectra to judge for myself. Jeremy Woodley PO Box 269, McMaster University, Tel: (905) 627-0393 1280 Main Street West, Fax: (905) 627-3966 Hamilton, ON L8S 1C0, woodley at uwimona.edu.jm Canada. or chopwood at hwcn.org On Fri, 4 Aug 2000, Mikhail Matz wrote: > ??? Dear Dr. Murray, > ??? thank you very much for your posting. So, here comes the reasoning > against photoprotection function of fluorescent pigments from corals. > These pigments are (in the majority of cases) proteins homologous to > green fluorescent protein (GFP) from Aequorea victoria, as we recently > found out? (Matz et al, Nat.Biotechnol. 17: 969-973, 1999). > ??? We already had a bit of this discussion with prof. Ove > Hoegh-Guldberg of the University of Queensland (oveh at uq.edu.au), who was > also suggesting photoprotection as the major role of fluorescent > proteins. Here is a part of what I wrote to him directly in responce: > > Concerning photoprotection I would rather disagree with you. First of > all, corals possess a multitude of low-molecular sunscreen > compounds for this purpose (see, for example, Dunlap, W.C. et al. > Nature's sunscreen from the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. International > Journal of Cosmetic Science 20, 41-51 (1998)), so additional recruitment > of specialized proteins > for the same purpose seems rather tedious. Still, if it still was > protection from UV, there is no difference which > fluorescent color to use - green or red, they are both UV-excitable. > Meanwhile, our most recent data on molecular features of red-emitters > suggest that they are advanced versions of greens, so that a point > mutation would most likely damage > the red protein making it green. Therefore, red color should have some > special role in nature (different from green!) > to be maintained by natural selection, otherwise all the red-emitters > would have long since deteriorated into greens due to mutation pressure. > In addition, red-emitters are heavily suboptimal in comparison to greens > in terms of photoprotection - they all have much lower quantum yields of > fluorescence. > > ??? So, I think that the coral fluorescence file is still far from being > closed. > ??? I would be happy to continue this discussion, especially taking in > account that the question of the fluorescent proteins function in corals > is exactly the subject of my current research. > > sincerely yours > > Mikhail Matz, Ph.D. > Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry > Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10 > 117871 Moscow, Russia > ? > > Robert Murray wrote: > > > Hi Iain et al,?Coral photobiology is not my area of study, although I > > did examine the topic some years ago. I believe it is fairly common > > for many corals to exhibit brightly coloured fluorescence pigments > > (especially those in shallowest water conditions where light intensity > > is greatest).?From some of the literature I have read I seem to > > remember a plausible case for these pigments operating as some sort of > > protection against the destructive energy of short (UV) wavelengths, > > by liberating some of this energy as harmless (less energetic) visible > > fluorescence. Perhaps this is one of the discredited theories now. If > > so, I would be interested to hear the evidence against it.?Regards to > > all?Robert Murray.??(What's up Iain?)??======================= > > ROBERT MURRAY? BSc, FGA, > > Discovery Bay Marine Laboratory, > > Discovery Bay, Jamaica, W.I. > > > > Tel. (876) 973 2946 > > Fax. (876) 973 3091 > > rmurray at infochan.com > > WWW.DBML.ORG > > =======================? > > > > ----- Original Message ----- > > From: Mikhail Matz > > To: Iain Macdonald ; coral list > > Sent: Tuesday, July 25, 2000 11:33 > > Subject: Re: Orange Montastrea cavernosa recruits? > > ?Hi Iain, > > we know a little bit what is the substance causing the > > fluorescence in > > corals, > > and observations, measurements and photos were made about > > this > > (see http://www.nightsea.com/references.htm for the list of > > related > > papers and websites) > > Moreover, in particular M.cavernosa fluorescence was > > measured (in situ) > > by Charles Mazel > > and is studied by me (in vitro) right now. > > > > However, so far we have absolutely no clue as to the > > function of this > > fluorescence in > > nature (if we forget for a moment about older hypotheses all > > of which > > seem wrong by now), > > and the subject is my primary interest. Your observation is, > > as far as I > > know, the first > > information which might help to link fluorescence to some > > aspect of coral > > ecology. I would be > > extremely grateful if you could provide some more details on > > your > > observations. > > I would like to ask all coral listers as well - perhaps you > > saw > > something like Iain? Anything > > which could give a hint about the function of fluorescence? > > Or perhaps I > > simply missed something > > in literature? > > best wishes, > > > > Mike Matz > > ? > > > > Iain Macdonald wrote: > > > > > During a recent field trip i noted the following along my > > transects. > > > > > > M. cavernosa recruits (i use the plural as this was seen > > three > > > different times), of only one polyp was noted at approx. > > 15-20m depth > > > to appear to the unaided eye as fluorescent orange. Close > > by (ie > > > 10cm away) 5 polyps were the typical olive green colour > > with this > > > "day glow" orange colour around its edges. Again a few cms > > away > > > larger colonies 20-25 polyps were only olive green. Is > > this typical > > > for recruits (i think not) or maybe as a result of some > > stress > > > (sediment) stimulus? I was startled to see such colour > > from this type > > > of coral and would like to konw of any other observations. > > > > > > > > Cheers > > > > > > Iain Macd. > > > > > > Room E402 John Dalton Extension Building, > > > Department of Environmental and Geographical Science, > > > Manchester Metropolitian University, > > > Chester Street, > > > Manchester, > > > M1 5GD > > > Tel: 0161 247 6234 > > > Fax: 0161 247 6318 > > ? > > > From mazel at psicorp.com Fri Aug 4 08:42:07 2000 From: mazel at psicorp.com (Charles Mazel) Date: Fri, 04 Aug 2000 08:42:07 -0400 Subject: Orange Montastrea cavernosa recruits? Message-ID: I concur with Mikhail's comments, and would add that there are other arguments against photoprotection as a general role that fall into the categories spatial, spectral, and ecological. Spatial- In many cases the host fluorescent pigments are not distributed over the entire coral surface, and are concentrated along features such as skeletal ridges or polyp mouths. These features are often exactly where zooxanthellae concentration is low, so the fluorescent pigments would not be affording protection to the light-sensitive algae. Spectral The excitation spectrum for the fluorescent pigments often exhibits a minor ultraviolet peak, but the main absorption peak us usually in the visible (ref. Mazel, 1997. Coral fluorescence characteristics: excitation - emission spectra, fluorescence efficiencies, and contribution to apparent reflectance, Proc. Ocean Optics XIII, SPIE Vol. 2963: pp. 240-245.) When there is a uv excitation peak it falls in the mid-to-long portion of the UV, above 350 nm. In contrast, the known uv-protective MAA's referred to in Mikhail's message are more generally distributed and have a clear, strong absorption peak at shorter uv wavelengths that are known to have damaging biological effects. The MAA's are not fluorescent. Ecological The MAA's tend to decrease with depth, as would be expected for a pigment with a photoprotective role. No corresponding correlation of coral host-fluorescent pigments with depth has yet been found. It is quite common to find strongly fluorescent corals at relatively deep depths, and non-fluorescent specimens of the same species exposed in shallow water.. The occurrence of the fluorescence is also patchy at any given depth, in the sense that one often finds seemingly quite healthy fluorescent and non-fluorescent specimens of a given species in close proximity. As a side note, I know that coarl list messages are saved in an archive at the CHAMP web site, but for convenience I have also preserved all of the messages exchanged on the coral fluorescence topic at http://www.nightsea.com/discussion/ under the topic 'Coral-List coral fluorescence discussion'. Regards, Charlie Mazel ---------------------------------------------- Charles Mazel Principal Research Scientist Physical Sciences Inc. 20 New England Business Center Andover, MA 01810 (978) 689-0003 (978) 689-3232 (fax) >>> Mikhail Matz 08/04/00 03:31AM >>> *** Dear Dr. Murray, *** thank you very much for your posting. So, here comes the reasoning against photoprotection function of fluorescent pigments from corals. These pigments are (in the majority of cases) proteins homologous to green fluorescent protein (GFP) from Aequorea victoria, as we recently found out* (Matz et al, Nat.Biotechnol. 17: 969-973, 1999). *** We already had a bit of this discussion with prof. Ove Hoegh-Guldberg of the University of Queensland (oveh at uq.edu.au), who was also suggesting photoprotection as the major role of fluorescent proteins. Here is a part of what I wrote to him directly in responce: Concerning photoprotection I would rather disagree with you. First of all, corals possess a multitude of low-molecular sunscreen compounds for this purpose (see, for example, Dunlap, W.C. et al. Nature's sunscreen from the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. International Journal of Cosmetic Science 20, 41-51 (1998)), so additional recruitment of specialized proteins for the same purpose seems rather tedious. Still, if it still was protection from UV, there is no difference which fluorescent color to use - green or red, they are both UV-excitable. Meanwhile, our most recent data on molecular features of red-emitters suggest that they are advanced versions of greens, so that a point mutation would most likely damage the red protein making it green. Therefore, red color should have some special role in nature (different from green!) to be maintained by natural selection, otherwise all the red-emitters would have long since deteriorated into greens due to mutation pressure. In addition, red-emitters are heavily suboptimal in comparison to greens in terms of photoprotection - they all have much lower quantum yields of fluorescence. *** So, I think that the coral fluorescence file is still far from being closed. *** I would be happy to continue this discussion, especially taking in account that the question of the fluorescent proteins function in corals is exactly the subject of my current research. sincerely yours Mikhail Matz, Ph.D. Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10 117871 Moscow, Russia * Robert Murray wrote: > Hi Iain et al,*Coral photobiology is not my area of study, although I > did examine the topic some years ago. I believe it is fairly common > for many corals to exhibit brightly coloured fluorescence pigments > (especially those in shallowest water conditions where light intensity > is greatest).*From some of the literature I have read I seem to > remember a plausible case for these pigments operating as some sort of > protection against the destructive energy of short (UV) wavelengths, > by liberating some of this energy as harmless (less energetic) visible > fluorescence. Perhaps this is one of the discredited theories now. If > so, I would be interested to hear the evidence against it.*Regards to > all*Robert Murray.**(What's up Iain?)**======================= > ROBERT MURRAY* BSc, FGA, > Discovery Bay Marine Laboratory, > Discovery Bay, Jamaica, W.I. > > Tel. (876) 973 2946 > Fax. (876) 973 3091 > rmurray at infochan.com > www.DBML.ORG > =======================* > From mcall at superaje.com Fri Aug 4 08:58:55 2000 From: mcall at superaje.com (Don McAllister) Date: Fri, 04 Aug 2000 08:58:55 -0400 Subject: Deepwater coral symposium Message-ID: <398ABE0F.191A89F9@superaje.com> REPORT ON THE FIRST INSTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON DEEP SEA CORALS JULY 30 - AUGUST 3, 2000, HALIFAX, CANADA The symposium was very well organised and a great success. About 120 persons attended from numerous countries and their were papers from Norway, UK, Germany, Holland, Australia, USA, Canada, including government, university, environmental and fishing organisations, as well as individual fishers. Many presentations expressed views that: * Deepwater corals comprised significant habitat for commercial fishes, documented by data and videos * That biodiversity levels were higher in deepwater coral aggregations than in adjacent areas. documented in data and videos * That fishing gear, especially trawls, were damaging deepwater corals. This was documented in data and videos. * That more research is need on where these corals were found, their life history (especially larvae), and taxonomy. * That individual deepwater corals reach ages measurable in centures * That some corals, such as Lophelia, do form reefs which build up a platform of broken or deceased corals underneath them and that such reefs can reach ages measurable in millennia * That these ecosystems are in need of conservation through establishing marine protected areas including areas on the high seas beyond national boundaries and that curtailment of fishing on coral aggregations or switches/changes to fishing gear are needed. don Don McAllister From jogden at seas.marine.usf.edu Fri Aug 4 09:32:15 2000 From: jogden at seas.marine.usf.edu (John C. Ogden) Date: Fri, 04 Aug 2000 09:32:15 -0400 Subject: Ridgetop to reef Message-ID: <3.0.5.32.20000804093215.008d1490@marine.usf.edu> I need some help from any of you Hawaiians. The ancient scheme for managing human disturbance from "ridgetop to reef" I have phonetically spelled ahu'pu'a'a. Is this right? Does anyone have any details on this most interesting concept? Many thanks. John C. Ogden, Director Florida Institute of Oceanography 830 First Street South St. Petersburg, FL 33701 USA Tel: 727/553-1100 Fax: 727-553-1109 FIO Web Page: http://www.marine.usf.edu/FIO From ioi-admin at Kilcom1.UCIS.Dal.Ca Fri Aug 4 13:01:23 2000 From: ioi-admin at Kilcom1.UCIS.Dal.Ca (admin, ioi) Date: Fri, 4 Aug 2000 13:01:23 AST Subject: New Articles - GPA News Forum Message-ID: <26D1FE5638A@kilcom1.ucis.dal.ca> UNEP/GPA News Forum Update August 4, 2000 The UNEP/GPA Coordination Office and the International Ocean Institute invite you to visit the UNEP/GPA News Forum web site to view the articles that have been posted recently and to participate in the online discussions. The GPA News Forum is a news and information service for the Global Programme of Action for the Protection of the Marine Environment from Land-based Activities. As an integral part of the GPA clearing-house, the News Forum provides information on recent GPA-related activities at the national, regional, and global levels, including capacity-building opportunities, progress in key or pilot projects, and upcoming meetings, workshops, and conferences. Visit the News Forum at http://gpanews.unep.org for more information. Listed below is a sample of what you will find there. ------------ Contents ------------ 1. Environmental Report Card For Australia's Huon Estuary 2. Southeast Asia Integrated Regional Model of River Basin Inputs to the Coastal Zones (SEA/BASINS 3. Reducing Litter: Governmental and Private Initiatives in Chennai 4. Consistent Methods, Consistent Benefits 5. Water: A Lesson From Grenoble 6. Optimizing the Structure of International Marine Environmental Management Programmes 7. Coastal Zone Canada 2000 Conference on Coastal Stewardship: Lessons Learned and the Paths Ahead ---------- PLEASE NOTE: Some mailers do not support two-line links. Should this occur, you may either copy the web page address into your Internet browser or use the directions given below to navigate through the News Forum web site categories to the article. ---------- 1. Environmental Report Card For Australia's Huon Estuary, by Craig MacAulay Marine scientists have given the Huon Estuary, one of Australia's most lucrative fish farming production sites, an environmental all-clear, but have called for further monitoring to ensure that the fish farming industry does not further pollute the estuary. Funded by the Commonwealth Scientific Industrial Research Organisation, the study calls for a whole-of-estuary management approach to ensure that the human activities putting pressure on the Huon Estuary do not jeopardize the environmental sustainability of the eco-system. http://gpanews.unep.org/nationalFinal.cfm?GroupID=15 (or navigate through National/A-to-C/Australia) ---------- 2. Southeast Asia Integrated Regional Model of River Basin Inputs to the Coastal Zones (SEA/BASINS), by Dr. Anond Snidvongs Rapid development and population growth in the Southeast Asian Region has placed increasing pressure on river basins and their downstream coastal ecosystems. However, the Southeast Asia Global Change System for Analysis, Research and Training Regional Center (SEA START RC), in collaboration with the University of Washington's School of Oceanography, have initiated the SEA/BASINS program, which involves the creation of a hydrology model designed to help researchers understand the exact impacts of development and population growth on the region's waterways and marine areas, as well as inform a future plan of action to deal with the varying demands placed on Southeast Asia's marine ecosystems. http://gpanews.unep.org/nationalFinal.cfm?GroupID=43 (or navigate through News From NGOs/Regional NGOs) ---------- 3. Reducing Litter: Governmental and Private Initiatives in Chennai, by Dr. Ahana Lakshmi Growing concern about pollution caused by the accumulation and improper disposal of solid wastes has led to the preparation of national legislation and the implementation of local initiatives in Chennai. The most successful of these programmes has been developed by EXNORA, a community-based NGO, which uses street- and block-level groups to collect solid waste from households. http://gpanews.unep.org/categoriesFinal.cfm?GroupID=28 (or navigate through National/H-to-L/India) ------------------------------------------------------------------- Discussion Forum Contributions ------------------------------------------------------------------- All are welcome to take part in this open, moderated debate. Simply visit the discussion forum at http://gpanews.unep.org and register your name and e-mail address. ---------- 4. Consistent Methods, Consistent Benefits, by Stephen Zoota The privatization experience inevitably leads to a better, more cost-effective product for consumers and the environment, argues Poseidon Resources Corporation's Stephen Zoota. With that in mind, Zoota writes that governments must adopt a coherent, consistent strategy for dealing with private partners in the water industry. Only then will the privatization of water services be of maximum benefit to governments, corporations, and the public. (Navigate through Discussion Forums/Public-Private Partnerships in Sewage Management) ---------- 5. Water: A Lesson From Grenoble, by l'Association pour la Democratie, l'Eecologie et la Solidarite After ten years of privatized water services, the town of Grenoble reclaimed control of its water utilities. In this article, l'Association pour la Democratie, l'Ecologie et la Solidarite, describes the struggle it undertook to return water services to public control. (Navigate through Discussion Forums/Public-Private Partnerships in Sewage Management) ---------- 6. Optimizing the Structure of International Marine Environmental Management Programmes, by Dr. Bruce Hatcher Dr. Bruce Hatcher notes that current environmental governance structures are centred around Large Marine Ecosystems, but pay little attention to the social, political, and economic characteristics of and differences between the states that share an LME. As an alternative to this model, Hatcher proposes the Geo-Political Ecosystem approach to ocean governance, which considers these variables in an effort to optimize marine resource management. (Navigate through Discussion Forums/Global Ocean Governance) ---------- Events ---------- 7. Coastal Zone Canada 2000 Conference on Coastal Stewardship: Lessons Learned and the Paths Ahead September 17-22, 2000 Saint John, Canada The Fourth International Conference of the Coastal Zone Canada Association will focus on the integrated management of coastal regions. Sessions will be organized by the subthemes of aboriginal practices, community-based actions, coastal health, and oceans governance. Of particular interest are three sessions focusing on the GPA: "GPA -- Experiences to Date and Lessons Learned" "GPA -- A Focus on Sewage/Municipal Wastewater" "GPAC -- The GPA Coalition for the Gulf of Maine" Presentations and panel discussions will examine experiences in Canada and around the world. http://gpanews.unep.org/calendarFinal.cfm?EventID=19 (or navigate through Calendar of Events) ---------- If you have any comments or questions, would like to contribute articles, calendar events, and reviews of recent publications, or discuss future ideas for articles for the News Forum, please contact the International Ocean Institute - Canada by telephone (1.902.494.1737), fax (1.902.494.2034), or e-mail (ioihfx at dal.ca). From rmurray at infochan.com Sat Aug 5 16:40:30 2000 From: rmurray at infochan.com (Robert Murray) Date: Sat, 5 Aug 2000 15:40:30 -0500 Subject: Orange Montastrea cavernosa recruits? References: Message-ID: <00dc01bfff24$410c64a0$014834d0@infochan.com> Hi corallites, Now you mention it Jeremy, I remember that your suggestion was also made in the literature I was reading some way back. It seemed like an interesting complimentary idea then too, i.e. that by simply making the light visible it can potentially contribute to PUR, but I can't remember if there is any hard evidence for or against this either. Plant physiologists and aquarists know that photosynthesis tends to use more of the short visible wavelengths. But to provide a little more detail here are a few "raw" notes from my brief venture into this topic several years ago, and a reference list attached as a "Word" document for those interested. PHOTOSYNTHETIC PIGMENTS ABSORB BROADLY BETWEEN 400-550nm & NARROWLY BETWEEN 650-700nm (KINZIE ET AL): LIKE THE BLUE OPEN OCEAN THE WAVELENGTHS THAT PENETRATE MOST ON CORAL REEFS ARE BETWEEN 440-490NM. THIS HAS THE IMMEDIATE CONSEQUENCE OF CHARACTERIZING THE PHOTOSYNTHETIC PIGMENTS OF THE ZOOXANTHELLAE SUCH THAT CHL A, CHL C, & THE CAROTENOID PERIDININ, WHICH COLLECTIVELY CONSTITUTE THE MAIN LIGHT HARVESTING COMPLEX ASSOCIATED WITH PSII, SHOW THEIR GREATEST ABSORPTION BETWEEN 400-550NM. NON-VISIBLE WAVELENGTHS INCLUDE ULTRAVIOLET AND INFRA-RED. AS FAR AS INFRA-RED WAVELENGTHS ARE CONCERNED THERE ISN'T MUCH KNOWN. BUT CORALS ARE HIGHLY REFLECTIVE TO THESE WAVELENGTHS, AND EMIT A GREAT DEAL OF INFRA-RED LIGHT IN COMPARISON TO OTHER REEF EPIFAUNA. THIS FEATURE HAS BEEN USED IN THE MAPPING OF CORAL REEFS. THERE IS AN INTERESTING IDEA IN FALKOWSKI ET AL THAT THERE MAY IN FACT BE SOME CONVERSION OF PAR INTO INFRA-RED. FLUORESCENCE UNDER BOTH NATURAL & ARTIFICIAL UV. USUALLY GREEN, ALSO ORANGE, PINK & RED. FLUORESCENT PIGMENT EXISTS AS SPHERULES <2mm DIFFUSE OR ENCASED IN GRANULES IN EPITHELIAL LAYER, ONLY IN TISSUES EXPOSED TO DAYLIGHT. PIGMENT IS STABLE TO OXIDIZING & REDUCING CONDITIONS BUT IS NOT STABLE TO P.H., & DISSOLVES READILY IN DISTILLED WATER. FUNCTION UNKNOWN BUT NOT RESPIRATORY. ABSORBS IN UV REGION AT 330nm & EMITS LIGHT AT 450-510nm: POSSIBLY A PROTECTIVE & PHOTOSYNTHETIC ACCESSORY (KAWAGUTI 1944). Regards, Robert Murray. ========================== ROBERT MURRAY BSc, FGA, Discovery Bay Marine Laboratory, Discovery Bay, Jamaica, W.I. Tel. (876) 973 2946 Fax. (876) 973 3091 rmurray at infochan.com WWW.DBML.ORG ========================== ----- Original Message ----- From: Jeremy Woodley To: Mikhail Matz Cc: Robert Murray ; coral list Sent: Friday, August 04, 2000 07:29 Subject: Re: Orange Montastrea cavernosa recruits? Does the fluorescence make more of the energy of uv light available for photosynthesis? I am not sufficiently familiar with the action spectra to judge for myself. Jeremy Woodley -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/pipermail/coral-list-old/attachments/20000805/d5999e95/attachment.html From rmurray at infochan.com Sat Aug 5 18:10:11 2000 From: rmurray at infochan.com (Robert Murray) Date: Sat, 5 Aug 2000 17:10:11 -0500 Subject: Fw: Orange Montastrea cavernosa recruits? FORGOTTEN ATTACHMENT Message-ID: <001101bfff29$f66947a0$214834d0@infochan.com> Sorry to those who read my last message and expected the references. Here is the attachment. Robert Murray. ========================== ROBERT MURRAY BSc, FGA, Discovery Bay Marine Laboratory, Discovery Bay, Jamaica, W.I. Tel. (876) 973 2946 Fax. (876) 973 3091 rmurray at infochan.com WWW.DBML.ORG ========================== -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/pipermail/coral-list-old/attachments/20000805/95fd7811/attachment.html -------------- next part -------------- A non-text attachment was scrubbed... Name: Refs.doc Type: application/msword Size: 19456 bytes Desc: not available Url : http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/pipermail/coral-list-old/attachments/20000805/95fd7811/attachment.doc From buddrw at kgs.ukans.edu Sun Aug 6 12:56:18 2000 From: buddrw at kgs.ukans.edu (Bob Buddemeier) Date: Sun, 06 Aug 2000 11:56:18 -0500 Subject: No subject Message-ID: <4.2.0.58.20000806115125.00a18680@mail.kgs.ukans.edu> CALL FOR SUBMISSION OF MANUSCRIPTS Special Issue of CORAL REEFS on Large-scale Dynamics of Coral Reef Systems Volume 20 of CORAL REEFS will include a Special Issue entitled "Large-scale Dynamics of Coral Reef Systems". As the title suggests, the purpose of the issue is to provide an overview of current research and developing issues in this broad area that encompasses biogeography, biodiversity, epidemiology, evolution, and the relationship of all of these to contemporary issues of environmental variability and reef responses at global and regional scales. Manuscripts may be empirical or theoretical, long or short. Reviews and Reef Sites on an appropriate theme are also welcome. Interested authors should contact one of the Guest Editors as soon as possible about their intended submission. General information will be posted and updated at: http://water.kgs.ukans.edu:8888/public/CR/bigpicture.htm Guest Editor for the issue is: Robert W. Buddemeier (phone 1-785-864-2112, fax 1-785-864-5317, email buddrw at kgs.ukans.edu; mail to Kansas Geological Survey, 1930 Constant Avenue, Lawrence, KS 66047 USA) Associate Guest Editor(s): Daphne G. Fautin (phone 1-785-864-3062, fax 1-785-864-5321, email fautin at ukans.edu; mail to Biological Sciences, Haworth Hall, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA). Additional Associate Guest Editors may be named. Advice to prospective authors: 1. Because of the nature of the topic, synthesis or review papers, rather than focused reports of experimental results, are expected to occupy a substantial amount of the available space. 2. Small-scale studies are acceptable provided that they are well integrated into, and serve to illustrate or explain, processes operating at larger scales. 3. Papers accepted for publication will contain explicit definitions of the key terms used (in particular, "coral reef" and any variant of the term "community"), and quantitative specification of the scales addressed. No particular definition is required or preferred, but specification is essential. Examples, references, and identification of specific issues are available from the Guest Editors. 4. The editors have identified the following topics as of particular interest. a. Non-reefal occurrence of the biota normally associated with coral reefs: the role of such species in the biogeography, biodiversity, and adaptive responses of the organisms and communities. b. Reefs as self-seeding versus linked entities: taxonomic, geographic, and geologic patterns through space and time. c. High-latitude, deep-sea, and non-coral reefs: what their similarities to and differences from tropical, shallow-water coral reefs can teach us about coral reefs. The issue (approximately 100 pages) will be published in 2001 as soon as 12 papers have been accepted; additional submissions will be considered for publication in subsequent issues of CORAL REEFS. To ensure a speedy publication, manuscripts should be submitted as soon as possible to one of the Guest Editors. Robert W. Buddemeier Kansas Geological Survey University of Kansas Lawrence, KS 66047 USA tel: (785) 864-2112 fax: (785) 864-5317 email: buddrw at kgs.ukans.edu From rmurray at infochan.com Sun Aug 6 13:05:28 2000 From: rmurray at infochan.com (Robert Murray) Date: Sun, 6 Aug 2000 12:05:28 -0500 Subject: Fw: Orange Montastrea cavernosa recruits? FORGOTTEN ATTACHMENT References: Message-ID: <005c01bfffc9$7d6a6fa0$214834d0@infochan.com> As requested. Fluorescence references in "txt" format. Regards, Robert Murray. ========================== ROBERT MURRAY BSc, FGA, Discovery Bay Marine Laboratory, Discovery Bay, Jamaica, W.I. Tel. (876) 973 2946 Fax. (876) 973 3091 rmurray at infochan.com WWW.DBML.ORG ========================== ----- Original Message ----- From: C. W. Wright (1698) To: Robert Murray Sent: Sunday, August 06, 2000 06:12 Subject: Re: Fw: Orange Montastrea cavernosa recruits? FORGOTTEN ATTACHMENT Hi Robert, Could you possibly send your attachment as a "pdf" or raw text file? Those of us in the linux/unix world can't easily deal with word files. Word file attachements are also infamous for containing viruses. Kind regards, C. Wayne Wright -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/pipermail/coral-list-old/attachments/20000806/2d59344d/attachment.html -------------- next part -------------- An embedded and charset-unspecified text was scrubbed... Name: Refs.txt Url: http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/pipermail/coral-list-old/attachments/20000806/2d59344d/attachment.txt From gesbrd at vsnl.com Mon Aug 7 04:16:49 2000 From: gesbrd at vsnl.com (gujarat ecological society) Date: Mon, 07 Aug 2000 13:46:49 +0530 Subject: (no subject) Message-ID: <398E7071.D50CDA80@vsnl.com> Hello everybody; Thank you all very much for replying me on "Red Corals". Geetanjali From emueller at mote.org Mon Aug 7 14:43:16 2000 From: emueller at mote.org (Erich Mueller) Date: Mon, 7 Aug 2000 14:43:16 -0400 (Eastern Daylight Time) Subject: Bleaching watch in the Keys? In-Reply-To: Message-ID: Jim and Al, As part of our NOAA-funded MEERA (MArine Ecosystem Event Response and Assessment) project, we are keeping our eye out for reports. Also, we have had several bleaching projects going on here this summer. In general, people have had a hard time finding bleached corals although there have been some sightings. Several groups found bleached Porites astreoides at Pigeon Key. This area can get very warm (I've recorded 34 C in past years) but no body got any temperatures there. They can be considerably different around the island than at the Sombrero C-Man station. I've also seen a bit of light, patchy bleaching in the Lower Keys but nothing I would call an "event". I will be on a Keys-wide coral disease cruise starting Thursday and we will be recording bleaching. The OSV Peter Anderson actually left Miami this AM to start in the BNP and Upper Keys. I join at Looe Key and we work our way westward to the Tortugas. Will let you know what we see. Will return on the 18th. Ciao, Erich <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Erich Mueller, Ph.D., Director Phone: (305) 745-2729 Mote Marine Laboratory FAX: (305) 745-2730 Center for Tropical Research Email: emueller at mote.org 24244 Overseas Highway (US 1) Summerland Key, FL 33042 Center Website-> http://www.mote.org/~emueller/CTRHome.phtml Mote Marine Laboratory Website-> http://www.mote.org Remarks are personal opinion and do not reflect institutional policy unless so indicated. <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> From flotsam at manado.wasantara.net.id Tue Aug 8 22:43:00 2000 From: flotsam at manado.wasantara.net.id (Mark and Arnaz Erdmann) Date: Wed, 09 Aug 2000 10:43:00 +0800 Subject: 9ICRS scientific field trips Message-ID: <4.2.2.20000809104257.00a43dd0@manado.wasantara.net.id> Dear Colleagues, A surge of bookings before the July 30th deadline has allowed most of the 9ICRS scientific fieldtrips to meet or exceed their respective minimum booking requirements. Now that this critical date has passed and the fieldtrips will move forward, bookings for 9ICRS Scientific Fieldtrips will still be accepted and spaces will be granted in priority sequence to those participants who make payment in full. Interested participants should read details of these trips on the 9ICRS website , or can direct their enquiries to Mr. Pat O'Connell at Asia Transpacific Journeys (pat at southeastasia.com). Due to the very limited number of spaces available on these fieldtrips, please indicate first and second choice trips on the Scientific Field Trip Order Form available on the website. A brief summary of the trip itineraries is offered below: PRE-SYMPOSIUM TRIPS North Sulawesi, Oct 17-22, M/V Serenade Scientific Trip Leader: Dr. Jan Steffan, Marine Program Advisor for Yayasan KEHATI, the Indonesian Biodiversity Foundation focusing on sustainable use and community-based management of marine resources. Komodo, Oct 16-22, M/V Evening Star II Scientific Trip Leader: Dr. Peter Mous, Senior Program Officer of the Nature Conservancy Coastal and Marine Program Indonesia. Bali, Oct 20-23, M/Y Sea Safari VI Scientific Trip Leader: Dr. Carden Wallace, Director of the Museum of Tropical Queensland in Townsville, Australia. Tukang Besi, Oct 17-22, M/V Baruna Adventurer Scientific Trip Leader: Dr. Mark Erdmann, Marine Protected Areas Advisor for the Natural Resources Management Project, Indonesia. POST-SYMPOSIUM TRIPS North Sulawesi, Oct 28-Nov 2, M/V Serenade Scientific Trip Leader: Helen Fox, PhD candidate at Univ. California Berkeley, conducting field work in Indonesia that focuses on coral regrowth and rehabilitation after blast fishing. Komodo, Oct 28-Nov 2, M/Y Sea Safari VI Scientific Trip Leaders: Dr. Peter Mous, Senior Program Officer of The Nature Conservancy Coastal and Marine Program Indonesia and Dr. Lida Pet-Soede, tropical marine fisheries specialist (with over 5 years' Indonesian experience). Komodo, Oct 28-Nov 2, M/Y Adelaar Scientific Trip Leader: Dr. Mark Erdmann, Marine Protected Areas Advisor for the Natural Resources Management Project, Indonesia. Bali, Oct 28-31, M/V Baruna Adventurer Scientific Trip Leader: Dr. Ghislaine Llewellyn, Marine Conservation Science Program Manager with WWF Indonesia's Wallacea program. Sincerely, Arnaz Mehta -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/pipermail/coral-list-old/attachments/20000809/fe317f50/attachment.html From N.D.Chapman at hw.ac.uk Fri Aug 11 06:24:41 2000 From: N.D.Chapman at hw.ac.uk (Nicola Diane Chapman) Date: Fri, 11 Aug 2000 11:24:41 +0100 (GMT Daylight Time) Subject: Measuring volume insitu Message-ID: Hello, I am studying the growth of local serpulid reefs in situ using photgrammetric methods.However I wish to measure an increase in volume as well as height.Image proplus and Optimas software packages can be used for increases in height once the photograph is placed on C.D.However I was wondering whether anyone knows of a software package to measure INCREASES IN VOLUME. A comparative coral to these reefs would morphologically be acropora. If anyone can point me ina suitable direction I would be very grateful. Thanks very much, Nikki -- Nicola Diane Chapman Heriot-Watt University From mlsarameg at canl.nc Fri Aug 11 07:57:09 2000 From: mlsarameg at canl.nc (=?iso-8859-1?Q?SARRAMEGNA_S=E9bastien?=) Date: Fri, 11 Aug 2000 22:57:09 +1100 Subject: No subject Message-ID: Hello coral-listers, Does any one have information about the effets of turbidity, and of somme elements such as carbonate, cobalt, Nickel, copper, So4, on coral reef. On corals themselves but also on reef fish and invertebrates. I am looking for information about the level of toxicity, ant the effects of this toxicity on growth, and on survival of coral reef organisms. Thank you. Dr.SARRAMEGNA S?bastien Tel/Fax : (687) 35 38 88 Mob : (687) 83 07 80 B.P. 3945 Noum?a, 98846 Nouvelle-Cal?donie Email : mlsarameg at canl.nc From RMurphy000 at aol.com Wed Aug 9 15:32:10 2000 From: RMurphy000 at aol.com (RMurphy000 at aol.com) Date: Wed, 9 Aug 2000 15:32:10 EDT Subject: bleaching Message-ID: <200008121411.OAA22586@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> August, 2000 Fiji Coral Bleaching Update from Ed Lovell and Richard Murphy, Beginning in February 2000 hard and soft corals on some reefs in Fiji began bleaching. Bleaching continued and became more dramatic through March and April. According to Al Strong's HotSpot data, there was a pool of warm water in the Fiji region during this time. By mid July a few colonies where still bleached but most were either well on their way to recovery or had already died. Colonies which did not survive are now colonised, or being colonised, by algae. The only scars on the reefs are areas previously inhabited by Sinularia or Sarcophyton. Ed surveyed reefs in southern Viti Levu, the largest island of Fiji, and Richard worked in Savusavu region on Vanua Levu, the 2nd largest Fijian island in an attempt to assess the consequences of this bleaching event. On Savusavu reefs, by mid July, there were still a few colonies which were white, purple or yellow, but the bleaching had subsided with the cooler waters. At depths down to about 10 meters, some reefs appeared to have experienced 60 to 80 % hard and soft coral mortality. Acroporids were among the hardest hit and the larger the colony, the greater the likelihood of it being killed. Certain genera such as Diploastrea, Echinopora and Turbinaria seemed much more resistant. Some species (Pocillopora eydouxi and Acropora crateriformis) had minimal mortality. Not all reefs were equally affected. Some, which previously had lower coral diversity and abundance, seem to have suffered less than those with greater diversity and % cover. We did a few line transects at 33 meters and found much less mortality (7%-10%) with bleaching also reduced. The bleaching/mortality event seems to have been patchy in Fiji. The highest mortality has occurred along the southern portion of Viti Levu and Vanua Levu. Even within these areas of highest bleaching, the mortality has been variable. There appears to be a positive relationship between greater survivorship and areas of turbid waters, such as inshore reefs. Additionally, a Reef Check survey of the Great Sea Reef area north of Vanua Levu has determined minimal bleaching. This should be no surprise as NOAA's hotspot data showed the water to be cooler during the period when the temperatures were elevated to the south of the larger islands. This large area of healthy coral, as well as deeper reefs, which were less affected, should bode well for a large recruitment to the areas of high mortality. We have set up a number of permanent quadrats and transects and will continue to monitor them. One thing of particular interest was the dramatic colour changes, which sometimes preceded bleaching. Some colonies of the genera Acropora and Montipora became a vivid purple, pink or yellow. Likewise some Sinularia and Sarcophyton colonies became yellow or bleached to brilliant white. We would be interested to know if the pre-bleaching colours we describe have been observed by others who witnessed the development of bleaching events in the South Pacific and Indian Oceans. Ed Lovell Biological Consultants, Fiji lovell at suva.is.com.fj Richard Murphy Ocean Futures Society Rmurphy000 at aol.com From robbie at bbsr.edu Thu Aug 17 12:07:51 2000 From: robbie at bbsr.edu (robbie at bbsr.edu) Date: Thu, 17 Aug 2000 12:07:51 -0400 Subject: Bleaching in Bermuda Message-ID: Dear Listers, I just wanted to inform everyone that we are seeing signs of bleaching in the Northern outer reef zones from 5 to 20 m depth. Millepora alcicornis, Montastraea franksii and Meandrina meandrites are the species most affected so far, generally pale or patchily bleached. I estimate that about 20 % of the colonies of each species at the site visited to date are showing signs of bleaching. SSTs have been around 29 oC since late July. Cheers, Robbie ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Struan Robertson Smith, Ph.D. Assistant Research Scientist Bermuda Biological Station for Research, Inc. Ferry Reach GE01 Bermuda Tel: 441 297 1880 ext. 240 Fax: 441 297 8143 From jware at erols.com Fri Aug 18 10:33:46 2000 From: jware at erols.com (John Ware) Date: Fri, 18 Aug 2000 10:33:46 -0400 Subject: Search Message-ID: <399D494A.B024BEA2@erols.com> Dear List, I am trying to reach either Ralph Butcher or Tanya Barnett. They are not in the ISRS or the NOAA list, but I believe they read these messages. Thanks, John -- ************************************************************* * * * John R. Ware, PhD * * President * * SeaServices, Inc. * * 19572 Club House Road * * Montgomery Village, MD, 20886 * * 301 987-8507 * * jware at erols.com * * fax: 301 987-8531 * * _ * * | * * ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~|~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * * _|_ * * | _ | * * _______________________________| |________ * * |\/__ Undersea Technology for the 21st Century \ * * |/\____________________________________________/ * ************************************************************** From hendee at aoml.noaa.gov Fri Aug 18 12:36:15 2000 From: hendee at aoml.noaa.gov (Jim Hendee) Date: Fri, 18 Aug 2000 12:36:15 -0400 (EDT) Subject: Adopt a Reef question Message-ID: Greetings, I thought coral-listers might be able to offer assistance to Greg Johnson and his class concerning the note he left on our CHAMP Web Page comment form (see below). Please respond directly to Greg. Cheers, Jim 01_FirstName: Greg 02_LastName: Johnson 03_Email: buntforhit at hotmail.com 04_Reason: EnjoyPage 05_Rating: Excellent 06_Informative: Excellent 07_Comments: I am a 7th grade history teacher in Blue Springs, Missouri, just east of Kansas City. This year, our school building theme is Sea Quest. Therefore, our school will be conducting activities throughout the year based on the sea and aquatic life. I was curious to know if there are ways my students could adopt a portion of a coral reef, or we might aid in the effort to preserve them. Any information you could provide would be extremely helpful. Thanks so much! Sincerely, Greg Johnson From mrshok at hotmail.com Sat Aug 19 09:54:10 2000 From: mrshok at hotmail.com (Mohammad Reza Shokri) Date: Sat, 19 Aug 2000 09:54:10 IRST Subject: A request for information Message-ID: Dear Listers, I have been searching for literature regarding the extent of symbiotic algae reagin by corals after bleaching. Could anyone direct me to specific references and introduce someone who is working on this subject. regards Mohammad Reza Shokri Iranian National Center for Oceanography Living Resources Department #51, Bozorgmehr Ave., Tehran, 14168, Iran Tel: +98-21-6419891 Fax: +98-21-6419978 Email: mrshok at hotmail.com ________________________________________________________________________ Get Your Private, Free E-mail from MSN Hotmail at http://www.hotmail.com From dudu.zakai at nature-parks.org.il Sat Aug 19 02:14:54 2000 From: dudu.zakai at nature-parks.org.il (David Zakai) Date: Sat, 19 Aug 2000 09:14:54 +0300 Subject: Commercial production of reef corals Message-ID: <399E25DE.6861FEB5@nature-parks.org.il> Dear All, My name is David Zakai and I work for Israel Nature & Parks Protection Authority. I need your kind advises concerning the issue of commercial production of live reef corals for saltwater aquariums industry: 1. I?m familiar with the demand of corals for saltwater aquariums, but is growth of corals on aquacultur bases is solving the problem of harvesting from nature? Is it really can be a substitute for a very low-price corals from South East Asia, available on the "world markets" today (as its legal by CITES)? 2. The northern tip of the Gulf of Aqaba (Northern Red Sea) is the most northern distribution for reef corals. Together with that, the geomorphologic structure of partly separated water body, created, during evolutionary time, a unique populations of fauna, and high rates of endemic species, comparing with other tropical coral reef around the world. Is it will be wise to allow growth of corals on aquacultur facilities in land, of local species as well as exotic ones to import, and local markets? And by that, maybe causing contamination of the unique local and imported ecosystems with exotic corals (assuming that coral or coral larvae will get in to the near by reefs at country of arrival)? 3. If the answer to question 2, is to allow such growth of corals, which species will be preferable? Any other advice will be most appreciated. Regards, David Zakai Red Sea Marine Biologist Israel Nature & Parks Authority P.O.Box 667, Eilat, Israel AND The Interuniversity Institute for Marine Science of Eilat, P.O.Box 469, Eilat, Israel Tel +972-7-637-3988 Fax +972-7-637-5047 Lab: +972-7-636-0166 Mobile + 972-3-776-2308 From gregorh at pacific.net.hk Sun Aug 20 01:42:09 2000 From: gregorh at pacific.net.hk (Gregor Hodgson) Date: Sat, 19 Aug 2000 22:42:09 -0700 Subject: Adopt a Reef question References: Message-ID: <399F6FB1.B4C4784B@pacific.net.hk> Reef Check has an international and US "Adopt a Reef" program. The details are found at: www.ReefCheck.org/adopt.htm We would welcome any contributions toward this effort. Regards, Greg Jim Hendee wrote: > Greetings, > > I thought coral-listers might be able to offer assistance to Greg > Johnson and his class concerning the note he left on our CHAMP Web Page > comment form (see below). Please respond directly to Greg. > > Cheers, > Jim > > 01_FirstName: Greg > 02_LastName: Johnson > 03_Email: buntforhit at hotmail.com > 04_Reason: EnjoyPage > 05_Rating: Excellent > 06_Informative: Excellent > 07_Comments: I am a 7th grade history teacher in Blue Springs, Missouri, > just east of Kansas City. This year, our school building theme is Sea Quest. > Therefore, our school will be conducting activities throughout the year > based on the sea and aquatic life. I was curious to know if there are ways > my students could adopt a portion of a coral reef, or we might aid in the > effort to preserve them. Any information you could provide would be > extremely helpful. > Thanks so much! > Sincerely, > Greg Johnson -- NEW MAILING ADDRESS Gregor Hodgson, PhD Director, Reef Check Foundation Visiting Professor, Institute of the Environment University of California at Los Angeles 1652 Hershey Hall 149607 Los Angeles, CA 90095-1496 USA Office Tel: 310-206-9193 Direct 310-794-4985 Fax: 310-825-9663 ************************* Email: gregorh at pacific.net.hk or gregorh at ucla.edu Web: www.ReefCheck.org From kandl at net-link.net Sun Aug 20 09:44:30 2000 From: kandl at net-link.net (Keith and Lisa) Date: Sun, 20 Aug 2000 09:44:30 -0400 Subject: Commercial production of reef corals References: <399E25DE.6861FEB5@nature-parks.org.il> Message-ID: <007201c00ab4$9f31b580$9c8e59cf@oemcomputer> David, As a hobbyist I can tell you that the demand for aquaculture corals is growing, especially amongst the online community. Most members of the online community have realized that this is the only way to continue in this hobby for the future. Most prefer aquacultured specimens especially in the area of the so called "small polyp scleractinians" or "SPS" as we call them in the hobby. Speaking for my community on line, we would love to see more aquacultured corals available to the mass markets. Most of us who keep marine aquariums truly love the reefs. We are aware of the destruction that has occurred in the past and still occurs. . We have been calling for the top level players in the industry to clean up their act for a few years. We would like it to see it stopped in all areas destruction, not just hobby related issues We would love to see a way for us to discriminate coral that are aquacultured as opposed to being wild harvested. There is a small operation in the Solomon Islands that is using a base to grow out small coral fragments on for the hobby. I have not seen any from them in this area for quite awhile, this might be due to the civil unrest in the area. As far as the issue of preferred species: Beginners in the hobby prefer "soft corals" such sarcophyton, sinularia, xenia, nepthea, zoanthids etc. More advanced hobbyist prefer the "SPS" corals. On size: Hobbyist prefer small specimens 7-8 centimeters. We prefer this size because it is easier to ship and for the coral to acclimate to our tank conditions. There also needs to be a source for aquacultured live rock. (Hard to believe that you can run out of rock but some experts seem to think so) I am aware of a few companies in Florida have already tons of rock in the ocean and they are beginning to harvest and sell a viable product. Whether they are able to provide enough rock for the future needs of the hobby remains to be seen. I cannot speak to the issue of CITES, though I do know that there are those that would love to see the hobby closed down in the U.S. Perhaps you can help with this issue if you are willing to aquaculture corals for the hobby instead of "destroying" the reefs. I cannot speak to the issue of raising "exotic imports." though I am aware that Hawaii does enforce strict laws on importation of marine life in order to preserve the endemic fauna. Here in the US animals from the Red Sea area are considered exotic perhaps that could be a way of marketing your product. I have at one point or another aquaculterd everything in my possession that could be cut up and grown out. I currently maintain a small tank just for that purpose. I have about ten species that I grow out for trade or sell on a fairly regular basis. If you should require any further input from a hobbyist stand point please do not hesitate to write Sorry for the length of the post. Sincerely; Reef lover and Hobbyist Keith Langdon kandl at net-link.net www.net-link.net/kandl/ .?. , . .???`?. ><(((?> `?.?.???`?...?><(((?>? ><(((?> ?.??.???`?... : Dear All, : My name is David Zakai and I work for Israel Nature & Parks Protection : Authority. I need your kind advises concerning the issue of commercial : production of live reef corals for saltwater aquariums industry: From fpl10 at calva.net Sun Aug 20 15:39:57 2000 From: fpl10 at calva.net (Fabrice POIRAUD-LAMBERT) Date: Sun, 20 Aug 2000 21:39:57 +0200 (MET DST) Subject: Commercial production of reef corals Message-ID: Hi, I fully agree. This exactly the same situation here in Europe, at least in France. Some people are also trying to set up farms here, even by using Electricity technics to increase growth rates. As people are getting better and better in Captive Farming technics, the Fragment Market between hobbists is increasing, to share species (for backup and diversity purpose) at low cost with no impact on the reef. However, we don't know how CITES should/could/need to be used here (and my bet is that it will not by applied by hobbists for their own production). Captive raised coral would be very well accepted by the market but as Keith said, we never saw captive raised colonies here, and each time we asked Farms (such as the one in the Solomons), we failed. Does someone know why ? There is also a Farm in the Philippines, but for the Local market only, because of the local laws about coral exportations : have a look here : http://mars.reefkeepers.net/Articles/CoralFarm/CoralFarmUS.html To be more specific about your 3rd question, the most researched corals are the colorfull ones, obviously because they are more beautiful ! However, that's quite amazing to see that most of the brown type Acroporides can get colored after a while under 250 or 400 W blue metal halide bulbes (10 000?K or higher)... Just a question however : in the case of coral farming in the wild, how do you ensure that all the wild colonies arround the farm are not harvested regularly to produce "captive raised" colonies ? What would be the impact of a commercial Farm in case of a high demand according to the production speed without using wild resources ? Best Fabrice POIRAUD-LAMBERT Reef Lover, Hobbist & Diver ----- A (At) 9:44 20/08/0, Keith and Lisa ecrivait (wrote): >David, > >As a hobbyist I can tell you that the demand for aquaculture corals is >growing, especially amongst the online community. Most members of the >online community have realized that this is the only way to continue >in this hobby for the future. Most prefer aquacultured specimens >especially in the area of the so called "small polyp scleractinians" >or "SPS" as we call them in the hobby. > >Speaking for my community on line, we would love to see more >aquacultured corals available to the mass markets. Most of us who keep >marine aquariums truly love the reefs. We are aware of the destruction >that has occurred in the past and still occurs. . We have been calling >for the top level players in the industry to clean up their act for a >few years. We would like it to see it stopped in all areas >destruction, not just hobby related issues > >We would love to see a way for us to discriminate coral that are >aquacultured as opposed to being wild harvested. There is a small >operation in the Solomon Islands that is using a base to grow out >small coral fragments on for the hobby. I have not seen any from them >in this area for quite awhile, this might be due to the civil unrest >in the area. > >As far as the issue of preferred species: >Beginners in the hobby prefer "soft corals" such sarcophyton, >sinularia, xenia, nepthea, zoanthids etc. >More advanced hobbyist prefer the "SPS" corals. > >On size: >Hobbyist prefer small specimens 7-8 centimeters. We prefer this size >because it is easier to ship and for the coral to acclimate to our >tank conditions. > >There also needs to be a source for aquacultured live rock. (Hard to >believe that you can run out of rock but some experts seem to think >so) >I am aware of a few companies in Florida have already tons of rock in >the ocean and they are beginning to harvest and sell a viable product. >Whether they are able to provide enough rock for the future needs of >the hobby remains to be seen. > >I cannot speak to the issue of CITES, though I do know that there are >those that would love to see the hobby closed down in the U.S. >Perhaps you can help with this issue if you are willing to aquaculture >corals for the hobby instead of "destroying" the reefs. >I cannot speak to the issue of raising "exotic imports." though I am >aware that Hawaii does enforce strict laws on importation of marine >life in order to preserve the endemic fauna. Here in the US animals >from the Red Sea area are considered exotic perhaps that could be a >way of marketing your product. > >I have at one point or another aquaculterd everything in my possession >that could be cut up and grown out. I currently maintain a small tank >just for that purpose. I have about ten species that I grow out for >trade or sell on a fairly regular basis. > >If you should require any further input from a hobbyist stand point >please do not hesitate to write > >Sorry for the length of the post. > >Sincerely; >Reef lover and Hobbyist >Keith Langdon >kandl at net-link.net >www.net-link.net/kandl/ > >.?. , . .???`?. > ><(((?> `?.?.???`?...?><(((?>? > ><(((?> ?.??.???`?... > > >: Dear All, >: My name is David Zakai and I work for Israel Nature & Parks >Protection >: Authority. I need your kind advises concerning the issue of >commercial >: production of live reef corals for saltwater aquariums industry: From fishxing at mindspring.com Sun Aug 20 20:38:24 2000 From: fishxing at mindspring.com (Stanley Brown) Date: Sun, 20 Aug 2000 17:38:24 -0700 Subject: Commercial production of reef corals References: <6.a6be94a.26d01b2f@aol.com> Message-ID: <39A07A00.D4E8FB70@mindspring.com> Dear David, Farmed corals are very feasible and (at least in the US) there seems to be a growing demand for them. They are available from mariculture operations as well as small scale (and a few large) inland closed systems which use artificial sea water and lighting. Unfortunately, there are some who are simply taking larger collected colonies and breaking them up into many smaller fragments and offering them as propagated specimens. Larger collected colonies seem to have a poor survival rate and fragmenting newly arrived specimens at least offers a chance of survival, although I believe they should not be offered as propgated or captive grown corals. Captive growth colonies can get quite large and taking cuttings (literally pruning the colony) becomes a necessity to insure the health and survival of the colony. The larger colonies which need routine pruning become excellent "mother" colonies. I am not aware of any commercial source for corals propagated sexually. It would seem an ideal way to produce large numbers of specimens, however, grow out time required to reach a marketable size could be an economical deterrent. Introduction of non endemic species is an issue. To ban the culturing of non endemic would me that local markets (retail) would also need to be banned. I suspect that non endemic species are already available in local consumer markets, not to mention shipments from mailorder/Internet sources (and there are many). I believe that there is a larger market for soft corals and the larger polyp hard coral species. The small polyp stony corals (SPS) represents a smaller market. Species which can live in lower light environments would have a larger market than those requiring intense lighting. Finally, for any and all species, color, color, color! The more colorful varieties almost always command a higher price. Size also has a direct impact on pricing, but I believe this is offset by the increased shipping costs. I Cheers Stanley Brown The Breeder's Registry Sacramento, California > In a message dated 8/19/00 12:27:23 AM Pacific Daylight Time, > dudu.zakai at nature-parks.org.il writes: > > << Subj: Commercial production of reef corals > Date: 8/19/00 12:27:23 AM Pacific Daylight Time > From: dudu.zakai at nature-parks.org.il (David Zakai) > Sender: owner-coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov > To: coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov, avi at ias.agri.gov.il (Avi > Perevelotski), shalmonb at netvision.net.il (B Shalmon), yosiloya at post.tau.ac.il > (Yossi Loya), moghrabi_sam at hotmail.com (Salim Al-Moghrabi), > moghrabi at ju.edu.jo (Salim), dubinz at mail.biu.ac.il (Prof. Zvy Dubinsky), > eliezer.frankenberg at nature-parks.org.il (Eliezer Frankenberg), > dubinsk at attglobal.net (Dubinski Zvy), amatzia at vms.huji.ac.il (Amatzia Genin), > alon at arava.org (Alon Tal) > CC: simon.nemtzov at nature-parks.org.il (Simon Nemtzov) > > Dear All, > My name is David Zakai and I work for Israel Nature & Parks Protection > Authority. I need your kind advises concerning the issue of commercial > production of live reef corals for saltwater aquariums industry: > > 1. I???m familiar with the demand of corals for saltwater aquariums, but > is growth of corals on aquacultur bases is solving the problem of > harvesting from nature? Is it really can be a substitute for a very > low-price corals from South East Asia, available on the "world markets" > today (as its legal by CITES)? > > 2. The northern tip of the Gulf of Aqaba (Northern Red Sea) is the most > northern distribution for reef corals. Together with that, the > geomorphologic structure of partly separated water body, created, during > evolutionary time, a unique populations of fauna, and high rates of > endemic species, comparing with other tropical coral reef around the > world. Is it will be wise to allow growth of corals on aquacultur > facilities in land, of local species as well as exotic ones to import, > and local markets? And by that, maybe causing contamination of the > unique local and imported ecosystems with exotic corals (assuming that > coral or coral larvae will get in to the near by reefs at country of > arrival)? > > 3. If the answer to question 2, is to allow such growth of corals, which > species will be preferable? > > Any other advice will be most appreciated. > > Regards, > > David Zakai > Red Sea Marine Biologist > Israel Nature & Parks Authority > P.O.Box 667, Eilat, Israel > AND > The Interuniversity Institute for Marine Science > of Eilat, P.O.Box 469, Eilat, Israel > > Tel +972-7-637-3988 > Fax +972-7-637-5047 > Lab: +972-7-636-0166 > Mobile + 972-3-776-2308 >> > > ------------------------------------------------------------------------ > From danaher at aoml.noaa.gov Mon Aug 21 13:15:26 2000 From: danaher at aoml.noaa.gov (Deborah Danaher) Date: Mon, 21 Aug 2000 13:15:26 -0400 Subject: Lizard Island Fellowship Message-ID: <3.0.32.20000821131526.009acd00@pop.aoml.noaa.gov> A non-text attachment was scrubbed... Name: not available Type: text/enriched Size: 1300 bytes Desc: not available Url : http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/pipermail/coral-list-old/attachments/20000821/aea6518c/attachment.bin From BGreenstein at cornell-iowa.edu Mon Aug 21 15:36:18 2000 From: BGreenstein at cornell-iowa.edu (BGreenstein at cornell-iowa.edu) Date: Mon, 21 Aug 2000 14:36:18 -0500 Subject: Genome help Message-ID: Coral listers, My colleague and I are beginning a project investigating the relationship between genetic signature and colony morphology in Millepora complanata and M. alcicornis. We have thus far identified several colony growth forms for analysis, isolated DNA and begun RAPD analysis. We want to start AFLP analysis and wonder if anyone knows the genome size of this hydrozoan. Many thanks, Ben Greenstein ********************** Ben Greenstein, Ph.D. Associate Professor Department of Geology Cornell College 600 First St. West Mt. Vernon, Iowa 52314 ******************************* http://www.cornell-iowa.edu/~bgreenstein bgreenstein at cornell-iowa.edu PH (319) 895-4307 FAX (319) 895-5667 From iguch at nesdis.noaa.gov Tue Aug 22 09:24:06 2000 From: iguch at nesdis.noaa.gov (Ingrid Guch) Date: Tue, 22 Aug 2000 09:24:06 -0400 Subject: Fwd: Re: Bleaching in Bermuda Message-ID: <200008221324.JAA18092@nes1.nesdis.noaa.gov> Greetings, I work with Al Strong's team to maintain the NOAA HotSpot & related web sites. I thought I'd put in a few words about what we are seeing with Bermuda looking at our satellite SST & related data... NOAA's experimental satellite-derived tropical ocean coral bleaching indices show Bermuda has experienced a bit more than 5 degree heating weeks, in this case indicating about 5 weeks of SSTs 1 degree warmer than the expected summertime maximum temperature. In September 1998 Bermuda got up to 11 degree heating weeks, but I don't remember receiving reports of significant bleaching. NOAA's main site (24 global reefs, includes Bermuda) is at http://psbsgi1.nesdis.noaa.gov:8080/PSB/EPS/SST/dhw_news.html NOAA's additional site (made up of sites which have been specifically requested, includes Florida Keys and many others) is at http://psbsgi1.nesdis.noaa.gov:8080/PSB/EPS/SST/dhw_coop.html Both sites are updated on Tuesdays and Saturdays. Some recent updates to the website- You can now click on the lat-lon of each site and see the ReefBase map, along with links to the appropriate HotSpot chart (regions where SSTs are at least 1 degree above the expected summertime maximum temperature), degree heating weeks chart (accumulations of HotSpots), satellite-derived ocean surface winds and the day/night average SST chart. We hope to improve the resolution of the available imagery as resources and funding permit. The current resolution is 50km for HotSpots and degree heating weeks. If you have comments, suggestions for additional reef sites or links to add, please contact us by using the feedback link on the web site. finally, retrospective dhw images from 1998 & most of 1999 are at http://psbsgi1.nesdis.noaa.gov:8080/PSB/EPS/icg/hdweeks1_black.html I hope you find this information useful. regards, Ingrid. >At 12:07 PM 8/17/00 , robbie at bbsr.edu wrote: >>Dear Listers, >>I just wanted to inform everyone that we are seeing signs of bleaching in >>the Northern outer reef zones from 5 to 20 m depth. Millepora alcicornis, >>Montastraea franksii and Meandrina meandrites are the species most affected >>so far, generally pale or patchily bleached. I estimate that about 20 % of >>the colonies of each species at the site visited to date are showing signs >>of bleaching. SSTs have been around 29 oC since late July. >>Cheers, >>Robbie >> >> >>^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ >> >>Struan Robertson Smith, Ph.D. >> >>Assistant Research Scientist >>Bermuda Biological Station for Research, Inc. >>Ferry Reach GE01 Bermuda >> >>Tel: 441 297 1880 ext. 240 >>Fax: 441 297 8143 >> > Ingrid C. Guch NOAA/NESDIS ********************************************* phone: 301-457-0913 ext 140 fax: 301-457-0918 email: iguch at nesdis.noaa.gov Mailing Address: E/SP13, RM 2322, FB-4 NOAA 5200 AUTH RD SUITLAND MD 20746-4304 From adaley at coral.org Mon Aug 21 13:51:58 2000 From: adaley at coral.org (Anita Daley) Date: Mon, 21 Aug 2000 10:51:58 -0700 Subject: Adopt a Reef question In-Reply-To: References: Message-ID: Hi Greg. I heard about your "Adopt-A-Reef" question. Try contacting the Center for Ecosystem Survival. They have a program that sounds perfect for your students. Here's the URL: http://www.savenature.org/reef.htm Good luck, Anita >Greetings, > > I thought coral-listers might be able to offer assistance to Greg >Johnson and his class concerning the note he left on our CHAMP Web Page >comment form (see below). Please respond directly to Greg. > > Cheers, > Jim > > >01_FirstName: Greg >02_LastName: Johnson >03_Email: buntforhit at hotmail.com >04_Reason: EnjoyPage >05_Rating: Excellent >06_Informative: Excellent >07_Comments: I am a 7th grade history teacher in Blue Springs, Missouri, >just east of Kansas City. This year, our school building theme is Sea Quest. >Therefore, our school will be conducting activities throughout the year >based on the sea and aquatic life. I was curious to know if there are ways >my students could adopt a portion of a coral reef, or we might aid in the >effort to preserve them. Any information you could provide would be >extremely helpful. >Thanks so much! >Sincerely, >Greg Johnson -- Anita Daley Project Coordinator The Coral Reef Alliance 2014 Shattuck Avenue Berkeley, CA 94704 (510) 848-0110 ext. 313 (510) 848-3720 fax www.coral.org "Working together to keep coral reefs alive." From hendee at aoml.noaa.gov Tue Aug 22 13:30:12 2000 From: hendee at aoml.noaa.gov (Jim Hendee) Date: Tue, 22 Aug 2000 13:30:12 -0400 (EDT) Subject: Hurricane Debby Message-ID: Greetings, Since it appears highly likely that we will be under a hurricane watch in the very near future, the coral.aoml.noaa.gov workstation may have to be shutdown some time this week. Thus, coral-list and the CHAMP Home Page may not be available for service later this week. Cheers, Jim Hendee CHAMP Administrator From capman at augsburg.edu Tue Aug 22 17:09:44 2000 From: capman at augsburg.edu (capman at augsburg.edu) Date: Tue, 22 Aug 2000 16:09:44 -0500 Subject: Legality of Caribbean stony corals on maricultured live rock? Message-ID: As I understand it, the maricultured live rock being produced in the Florida Keys and elsewhere for the aquarium trade is often colonized by a variety of different stony coral species. Does anyone on the list know enough about the CITES regulations (which as I understand it prohibit the keeping of Caribbean stony corals in aquaria) to say whether keeping these otherwise illegal corals in aquaria is legal if they crop up on legally produced cultivated live rock? Bill From delbeek at hawaii.edu Tue Aug 22 18:03:42 2000 From: delbeek at hawaii.edu (J. Charles Delbeek) Date: Tue, 22 Aug 2000 12:03:42 -1000 Subject: Legality of Caribbean stony corals on maricultured live rock? In-Reply-To: Message-ID: On Tue, 22 Aug 2000 capman at augsburg.edu wrote: > As I understand it, the maricultured live rock being produced in the > Florida Keys and elsewhere for the aquarium trade is often colonized by a > variety of different stony coral species. Does anyone on the list know > enough about the CITES regulations (which as I understand it prohibit the > keeping of Caribbean stony corals in aquaria) to say whether keeping these > otherwise illegal corals in aquaria is legal if they crop up on legally > produced cultivated live rock? Bill: I don't think it is illegal to keep any stony corals in captivity. CITIES is primarily a tracking system to help keep track of the movement of organisms around the world as well as to regulate their export and import. I do not believe Caribbean corals are treated any differently by CITIES than say stony corals from Fiji. What DOES differ are the regulations of individual countries and states as to collection and import/export live coral. For example, it is illegal to collect stony corals in Hawaii, it is illegal to export stony corals and it is illegal to import soft and stony corals, unless you have the necessary permits. Regarding the coral that settles out on aquacultured live rock in Florida waters, this is perfectly legal according to state regulations concerning live rock aquaculture. These sites are situated in open sandy plains, far from any actual reefs. The feeling is that any corals or other organisms that settle on rock in these barren areas, would not have settled there to begin with. Aloha J. Charles Delbeek From mlsarameg at canl.nc Wed Aug 23 09:40:05 2000 From: mlsarameg at canl.nc (=?iso-8859-1?Q?SARRAMEGNA_S=E9bastien?=) Date: Thu, 24 Aug 2000 00:40:05 +1100 Subject: No subject Message-ID: I want to thank every people who send a lot of informations. Thank you very much. Yours sincerely SARRAMEGNA S?bastien Tel/Fax : (687) 35 38 88 Mob : (687) 83 07 80 B.P. 3945 Noum?a, 98846 Nouvelle-Cal?donie Email : mlsarameg at canl.nc From jordanl at ocean.nova.edu Wed Aug 23 15:43:42 2000 From: jordanl at ocean.nova.edu (Lance Jordan) Date: Wed, 23 Aug 2000 15:43:42 -0400 Subject: Slippery dick disease -not a joke Message-ID: <3.0.4.32.20000823154342.00912704@ocean.nova.edu> Hello and sorry for any duplicate messages, I am a grad student studying coral reef fishes in South Florida -mainly off the coast of Broward Co. In the last couple weeks of diving I have noticed that a large percentage of 5-7cm slippery dicks (Halichoeres bivittatus) appear to have fleshy lesions growing upon them. Has anyone in our area or elsewhere in the Caribbean come across these apparently diseased fish? Is anyone familiar with species-specific diseases which affect particular age/size classes of a population? Thanks, Lance Jordan ___________________________________________________________________ Lance K. B. Jordan Graduate Research Assistant Nova Southeastern University Phone: (954) 262-3619 Oceanographic Center Fax: (954) 262-4098 8000 N. Ocean Drive Email: JordanL at ocean.nova.edu Dania, FL 33004 USA From bmalon01 at fiu.edu Wed Aug 23 17:45:04 2000 From: bmalon01 at fiu.edu (Barbara Maloney) Date: Wed, 23 Aug 2000 17:45:04 -0400 Subject: subject title missing Message-ID: <39A445DF.CFEA95B@fiu.edu> Dear Group - with today's viruses, would everybody mind putting something in the subject area in your email.. Thank you. From osha at oshadavidson.com Wed Aug 23 17:47:50 2000 From: osha at oshadavidson.com (Osha Gray Davidson) Date: Wed, 23 Aug 2000 16:47:50 -0500 Subject: Plague Type II Message-ID: <4.2.0.58.20000823164355.0096d730@mail.dns-host.com> Dear coral-listers, With the traditional Plague Type II "season" 2/3 of the way through (for the Caribbean), I was wondering if someone can tell me where I can find any updates on recent outbreaks of this disease. Thanks, Osha Osha Gray Davidson Home page: www.OshaDavidson.com 14 S. Governor St. Iowa City, IA 52240 USA From prtaylor at nsf.gov Thu Aug 24 08:11:06 2000 From: prtaylor at nsf.gov (Taylor, Phillip R) Date: Thu, 24 Aug 2000 08:11:06 -0400 Subject: News from U.S.- N.S.F. supported science Message-ID: See NSF Press Release below. **************************************** Phillip R. Taylor, Director Biological Oceanography Program Division of Ocean Sciences National Science Foundation 4201 Wilson Blvd., Suite 725 Arlington, Virginia, USA 22230 703-292-8582, fax: 703-292-9085 -- new phone and fax prtaylor at nsf.gov -----Original Message----- From: Jackson, Ketrina M Sent: Wednesday, August 23, 2000 3:29 PM To: Edwards, Michelle; Joyner, Tarri; Weir, Ellen Cc: West, Peter T; Dybas, Cheryl; Noxon, William C Subject: August 23, 2000 Tipsheet August 23, 2000 ***SPECIAL EDITION*** FROM THE SHORE TO THE MOUNTAINS THERE'S NO VACATION FROM SCIENCE For more information on these science news and feature story tips, please contact the public information officer at the end of each item at(703) 292-8070. Editor: Peter West As the summer winds down, many head to the mountains or the beach to take a last-minute holiday. Scientists supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF), meanwhile, head to the mountains, the beach and even further afield to continue their research. SUNBURNED CORAL REEFS? Recent evidence of "sunburned" Caribbean coral reefs seems to confirm not only the gradual warming of the world's oceans, but also the effect of warming on ocean ecology. "Coral is very photo- and temperature-sensitive," explains marine ecologist William Fitt, an NSF-funded researcher at University of Georgia. "We know that if water temperature is too high for too long, everything goes wrong very quickly -- like throwing a screwdriver into a running engine." In addition to excessively warm water temperatures, a number of other factors, including pollution, may be contributing to widespread bleaching of corals. But Fitt says his research team has now "caught the bandit in the act." A key protein in photosynthesis, known as the D1 protein, is extremely temperature sensitive. Tropical corals are actually made up of algae, living inside a coral animal. If seawater temperatures during summer remain too high for too long, photosynthesis in the coral's algae breaks down, leaving the coral with less food. The animal starves, and its white skeleton becomes visible--hence the bleached white color. "Tropical corals are already on the edge of the 'temperature envelope' of life during most summers. If warmer waters push it that little bit higher or longer, the results are very evident," says Fitt. [Cheryl Dybas] From crawdaddyhale at hotmail.com Thu Aug 24 15:00:36 2000 From: crawdaddyhale at hotmail.com (Crawdaddy Hale) Date: Thu, 24 Aug 2000 15:00:36 EDT Subject: TNC also has a reef adoption program Message-ID: : Jim Hendee CC: coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov, Greg Johnson Save Address Subject: Re: Adopt a Reef question Date: Sat, 19 Aug 2000 22:42:09 -0700 Reef adoption through "RESCUE THE REEF" is also offered by the international non-profit land trust THE NATURE CONSERVANCY https://tncnt.tnc.org/frames/index.html?https://tncnt.tnc.org/tncforms/secure/adopt_reef.asp Did you know... Coral reefs are considered the "rainforests of the ocean"? Corals are animals, not plants, made up of thousands of living organisms called polyps? Corals produce a natural sunscreen which chemists are developing to market in Australia? Corals' porous limestone skeletons have been used for bone grafts in humans? -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- French Angel Fish, Little Cayman Island photo by William Garvin -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The sad news is...Reefs are being destroyed by pollution, over-fishing, anchor damage, and destructive fishing practices like dynamiting and use of toxic chemicals. This fragile environment is sending an SOS to anyone who will listen. Fish populations are already down. Coral growth is slowing. If we don't help them, they'll be lost...forever. How can you help? Join the Rescue the Reef program. RESCUE THE REEF 10 MOST ASKED QUESTIONS Why does The Nature Conservancy sponsor reefs for adoption? Coral reefs are a beautiful and very important marine ecosystem which, like rainforests, protect a wide diversity of species. Reefs are home to one quarter of all marine species and we are still learning about the importance of reefs to land and human life. The Rescue the Reef program permits individuals to do something direct and positive to protect our reef habitats. It puts into action the Conservancy's message that there are real opportunities for individuals to make a difference. By establishing the connection between concerned individuals and the area they want to protect, The Nature Conservancy offers the opportunity to save threatened reefs. May I visit the reef habitat I protect? The Nature Conservancy is working to protect reefs around the world, and we will tell you where your reef habitat is located. While reefs such as the Florida Keys are easily accessible, others are in remote areas of the world and may be ill-equipped for visitors - so it is not always possible to visit the region. In addition, the health of an ecosystem is often dependent on its inaccessibility. The Nature Conservancy does, however, sponsor a wide range of trips to reefs and other ecosystems. You may contact the Conservancy for information about our International Trips Program. How will my money be used? The money you send for Rescue the Reef will be used to protect selected threatened reef habitats. Funds go to coral protection work in the Florida Keys, the Caribbean and the Pacific, including the costs of scientific and diver programs to identify and save rare species. In addition, a wide range of activities are financed, from installing mooring buoys to reduce boat damage, to hiring and training park rangers, conducting environmental education programs, and developing environmentally compatible methods of resource use that do not destroy the reef. Your contribution to Rescue the Reef signifies a commitment to finance the crucial protection of these areas. Your gift is tax-deductible. Who will own or manage the reef habitat? The Nature Conservancy never takes reef habitat out of local control. We are committed to developing the local capacity to manage natural ecosystems and the resources to permanently protect areas that are threatened. All conservation programs we support are monitored by the Conservancy and are carried out by local conservationists in private and public conservation organizations. The reef you protect will be managed by a local private conservation group or may become part of a marine park or reserve protected by the government. What does my Deed signify? It is an honorary deed only. It does not signify ownership but something much more important: your commitment to do something specific and tangible to save a critical and threatened ecosystem: the coral reef communities of tropical waters. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Anemone, Bonaire, Caribbean photo by William Garvin -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- How can I find out about the reef I protect? Once you protect a reef, The Nature Conservancy will send you information about the area where it is located. This will include information about new discoveries of marine plants and animals, as well as the work being done to protect the area. Two or three times a year, you'll receive our newsletter, Global Currents describing the focus and successes of our conservation efforts. How can I be sure that the reef I rescue is really being protected? The Nature Conservancy works hard to carefully choose our projects and partners. The reef you protect is located in a key area where a real opportunity exists to identify endangered species and establish lasting protection. In Global Currents, you will be able to read about the actual results that are being achieved with your investment. If the Conservancy is working there, you can be sure there is an excellent chance of success. How did you arrive at $35 for rescuing a reef habitat? We have developed a specific budget for each Rescue the Reef site. Each budget includes the expenses for the project such as: scientific and diver programs, mooring and coral protection safeguards, community education and reef management. Analyzing the budgets of past and current successful projects, we have calculated the median figure for funding protection efforts for a "typical" reef habitat. How does Rescue the Reef differ from other marine protection efforts? Coral reef destruction is caused by so many different factors - many of them originating on land - that a wide variety of efforts are needed to fight the problem. Lobbying, education and public awareness have all been utilized to attack reef destruction, and many other kinds of efforts are needed. The Rescue the Reef program has one main purpose: to provide funds to actively protect threatened coral reefs and the species that depend on them. Why should we care about reefs? We are only just learning how much we rely on reefs and other natural ecosystems. We know that reefs are an important human food source and provide at least ten percent of all fish consumed by people. Reef species are being widely researched as the basis for important medical products, especially for cures of diseases like cancer and AIDS. Reefs also provide barriers from coastal erosion and provide key recreation and vacation areas. Reefs are often home to as many plants and animals as are rainforests, and reef habitat is being destroyed at an alarming rate. Yes! I'd like to join the Rescue the Reef Program Copyright 1999 The Nature Conservancy http://www.tnc.org/frames/index.html?/html/list.html ________________________________________________________________________ Get Your Private, Free E-mail from MSN Hotmail at http://www.hotmail.com From JSprung at compuserve.com Fri Aug 25 01:12:03 2000 From: JSprung at compuserve.com (Julian Sprung) Date: Fri, 25 Aug 2000 01:12:03 -0400 Subject: NSF Press Release Message-ID: <200008250112_MC2-B0EA-4C05@compuserve.com> Dear Phillip Taylor, I write to you since you posted the attached article to our list. Do you or anyone on the list know the author of this piece, Cheryl Dybas. Please advise her that she is with good intentions perpetuating an often repeated myth. Mass coral bleaching and subsequent coral death has nothing whatsoever to do with starvation. Nor is water pollution a factor. It is simply hot water and light that combined do the damage. The corals in a hot spot may bleach and die in a matter of just a few days. Corals don't starve so quickly. Also, when you find survivors of bleaching events they tend to be in more polluted (nutrient rich) habitats. That can be explained at least partly by the fact that these habitats have lower light penetration due to turbidity and may also have shading caused by growths of macroalgae. Sincerely, Julian Sprung Please see: Jones, R, Hoegh-Guldberg, O, Larkum, AWL and Schreiber, U. (1998) Temperature induced bleaching of corals begins with impairment of dark metabolism in zooxanthellae. Plant Cell and Environment. ---------------------------- SUNBURNED CORAL REEFS? Recent evidence of "sunburned" Caribbean coral reefs seems to confirm not only the gradual warming of the world's oceans, but also the effect of warming on ocean ecology. "Coral is very photo- and temperature-sensitive," explains marine ecologist William Fitt, an NSF-funded researcher at University of Georgia. "We know that if water temperature is too high for too long, everything goes wrong very quickly -- like throwing a screwdriver into a running engine." In addition to excessively warm water temperatures, a number of other factors, including pollution, may be contributing to widespread bleaching of corals. But Fitt says his research team has now "caught the bandit in the act." A key protein in photosynthesis, known as the D1 protein, is extremely temperature sensitive. Tropical corals are actually made up of algae, living inside a coral animal. If seawater temperatures during summer remain too high for too long, photosynthesis in the coral's algae breaks down, leaving the coral with less food. The animal starves, and its white skeleton becomes visible--hence the bleached white color. "Tropical corals are already on the edge of the 'temperature envelope' of life during most summers. If warmer waters push it that little bit higher or longer, the results are very evident," says Fitt. [Cheryl Dybas] From hendee at aoml.noaa.gov Fri Aug 25 06:18:22 2000 From: hendee at aoml.noaa.gov (Jim Hendee) Date: Fri, 25 Aug 2000 06:18:22 -0400 (EDT) Subject: gorgonian growth rates Message-ID: Greetings, Dr. Anne Cohen's (acohen at whoi.edu) literature reference Web page on gorgonian growth rates has been updated: http://www.coral.noaa.gov/bib/gorgonians.html Please contact her directly if you have any updates. Cheers, Jim From ecnewton at operamail.com Fri Aug 25 07:23:33 2000 From: ecnewton at operamail.com (Eric C. Newton) Date: Fri, 25 Aug 2000 07:23:33 -0400 Subject: Legality of Caribbean stony corals on maricultured live rock? In-Reply-To: References: Message-ID: <39A61EF5.29768.1C23E3D@localhost> Dia 22 Aug 2000, na 12:03, J. Charles Delbeek a skirbi: > On Tue, 22 Aug 2000 capman at augsburg.edu wrote: > > > As I understand it, the maricultured live rock being produced in the > > Florida Keys and elsewhere for the aquarium trade is often colonized > > by a variety of different stony coral species. Does anyone on the > > list know enough about the CITES regulations (which as I understand it > > prohibit the keeping of Caribbean stony corals in aquaria) to say > > whether keeping these otherwise illegal corals in aquaria is legal if > > they crop up on legally produced cultivated live rock? > > Bill: I don't think it is illegal to keep any stony corals in > captivity. CITIES is primarily a tracking system to help keep track of > the movement of organisms around the world as well as to regulate their > export and import. I do not believe Caribbean corals are treated any > differently by CITIES than say stony corals from Fiji. What DOES differ > are the regulations of individual countries and states as to collection > and import/export live coral. For example, it is illegal to collect > stony corals in Hawaii, it is illegal to export stony corals and it is > illegal to import soft and stony corals, unless you have the necessary > permits. > > Regarding the coral that settles out on aquacultured live rock in > Florida waters, this is perfectly legal according to state regulations > concerning live rock aquaculture. These sites are situated in open sandy > plains, far from any actual reefs. The feeling is that any corals or > other organisms that settle on rock in these barren areas, would not > have settled there to begin with. > > Aloha > J. Charles Delbeek Still, a CITES permit is needed if this live rock is exported. As corals are listed on Appendix II of CITES, such a permit can be issued if a Scientific Authority declares that this export will not be detrimental to the survival of the species in the wild, which will probably be the case. Cheers, **** **** **** Eric C. Newton Neth. Antilles **** **** **** From Jonathan.Kelsey at noaa.gov Fri Aug 25 08:52:23 2000 From: Jonathan.Kelsey at noaa.gov (Jonathan Kelsey) Date: Fri, 25 Aug 2000 08:52:23 -0400 Subject: Julian Sprung's email. References: <200008250112_MC2-B0EA-4C05@compuserve.com> Message-ID: <39A66C07.472F58FE@noaa.gov> Coral Listers, I am very interested further discussion of these theories raised in Mr. Sprung's email: 1.) "Mass coral bleaching and subsequent coral death has nothing whatsoever to do with starvation. Nor is water pollution a factor. It is simply hot water and light that combined do the damage. The corals in a hot spot may bleach and die in a matter of just a few days. Corals don't starve so quickly." 2.) "Also, when you find survivors of bleaching events they tend to be in more polluted (nutrient rich) habitats. That can be explained at least partly by the fact that these habitats have lower light penetration due to turbidity and may also have shading caused by growths of macroalgae." -Are these generally accepted concepts? -Can one accurately assess coral mortality rates associated with a bleaching event after "a matter of just a few days"? -Are there quantitative studies showing that there is a greater bleaching survival rate among corals in polluted waters versus those in non-polluted water? -Any comments and/or further discussion would be greatly appreciated. From hzibrowi at com.univ-mrs.fr Fri Aug 25 11:40:37 2000 From: hzibrowi at com.univ-mrs.fr (Helmut ZIBROWIUS) Date: Fri, 25 Aug 2000 16:40:37 +0100 Subject: Legality of Caribbean stony corals on maricultured live rock? In-Reply-To: <39A61EF5.29768.1C23E3D@localhost> References: Message-ID: A non-text attachment was scrubbed... Name: not available Type: text/enriched Size: 1726 bytes Desc: not available Url : http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/pipermail/coral-list-old/attachments/20000825/db61840a/attachment.bin From thomassi at com.univ-mrs.fr Fri Aug 25 12:30:26 2000 From: thomassi at com.univ-mrs.fr (Bernard A. Thomassin) Date: Fri, 25 Aug 2000 16:30:26 GMT Subject: Julian Sprung's email. Message-ID: <200008251630.QAA59736@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> Jonathan.Kelsey at noaa.gov wrote : >-Are these generally accepted concepts? >-Can one accurately assess coral mortality rates associated with a bleachin >event after "a matter of just a few days"? >-Are there quantitative studies showing that there is a greater bleaching >survival rate among corals in polluted waters versus those in non-polluted >water? -Any comments and/or further discussion would be greatly appreciated. We will presented a poste about the subject at bali meeting. In Mayotte Is., North Mozambique Channel, a huge bleaching occurred in 1998 spring (end of summer season there) and most of 90 percent of the shallow coral of the barrier reefs died. Those corals that surveyed the best are from the muddy environnements in bays, on fringing reef fronts and patches, even the harbour !why ? Because the corals living in oceanic cooler waters of the barrier reef belt (170 km long) are less adapted to tolerate hot waters and high level of light (some got "sun burns" as table acroporas). In opposite population of corals (same species) living in neritic coastal waters, in inner areas of the lagoon, are genetically more adapted to tolerate : high temperature, turbid waters after rainfalls, even falls of salinity. Today in Mayotte, probably the recovering ibn coral of the mid-lagoon patch reefs (recruitement) is due to larvae coming from these coastal coral populations. These is one of the main reasons to protect these "special" reefs in muddy environments from all the effects of coastal works (marinas, dredgings, infilling of littoral for roads, etc...). This is a good way for researches.. and from where larvae that recruit are coming. Bernard A. Thomassin Directeur de recherches au C.N.R.S. G.I.S. "Lag-May" (Groupement d'Int=E9r=EAt Scientifique Environnement marin et littoral de Mayotte") & Centre d'Oceanologie de Marseille, Station Marine d'Endoume, rue de la Batterie des Lions, 13007 Marseille 9l. (33) 04 91 0416 17 9l. GSM 06 63 14 91 78 fax. (33) 04 91 04 16 35 (0 l'attention de...) e-mail : thomassi at sme.com.univ-mrs.fr From hendee at aoml.noaa.gov Fri Aug 25 12:33:40 2000 From: hendee at aoml.noaa.gov (Coral-List Admin) Date: Fri, 25 Aug 2000 16:33:40 GMT Subject: Please listen up! Message-ID: <200008251633.QAA60134@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> Some people just don't get it, so I'll say this again, only a little louder: THIS IS A U.S. GOVERNMENT SPONSORED LISTSERVER. I CAN NOT CONDONE THE CIRCULATION OF INAPPROPRIATE MESSAGES. THESE INCLUDE RACIST, SEXIST, HATEFUL, NASTY, ILLEGAL, INSULTING OR OTHERWISE OBVIOUSLY INFLAMMATORY OR INDECENT LANGUAGE. As a government employee, I am bound by the laws that make this country great. Your country may not honor these same laws and/or customs, but if you're going to use coral-list to circulate your comments, you have to respect the laws of the US and the rules of coral-list, or be removed from the list, like H. Zibrowius just has for his tasteless comment. Jim Hendee coral-list administrator From carlson at soest.hawaii.edu Fri Aug 25 14:14:51 2000 From: carlson at soest.hawaii.edu (Bruce Carlson) Date: Fri, 25 Aug 2000 08:14:51 -1000 Subject: Julian Sprung's email. References: <200008251630.QAA59736@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> Message-ID: <002701c00ec0$60bd43e0$22477aa6@waquarium.org> Bernard, Did you also notice that corals in areas with swift flowing water (usually from tides) also survived better than nearby reefs with low flows? I noticed this in Fiji on the shallow barrier reef of the University of the South Pacific, and in Palau near the lighthouse reef -- both are similar reef environments with strong laminar water flow (the water is shallow enough to stand up at mid-tide, but the current knocks you over -- I don't have a more precise current measurement). Why would flow rate matter? Perhaps there is something related to diffusion rates (which would increase in strong water flow) which offers some protection during bleaching???? If Ove is right about superoxides forming during warm water events, maybe this observation is relevant. Also, in Fiji, we noticed that reefs near river mouths also showed good survival rates. The outer barrier reefs in Palau and Fiji seemed to be hit the hardest. Bruce ----- Original Message ----- From: Bernard A. Thomassin To: Sent: Friday, August 25, 2000 6:30 AM Subject: Re: Julian Sprung's email. > > Jonathan.Kelsey at noaa.gov wrote : > > >-Are these generally accepted concepts? > >-Can one accurately assess coral mortality rates associated with a bleachin > >event after "a matter of just a few days"? > >-Are there quantitative studies showing that there is a greater bleaching > >survival rate among corals in polluted waters versus those in non-polluted > >water? -Any comments and/or further discussion would be greatly appreciated. > > We will presented a poste about the subject at bali meeting. In Mayotte > Is., North Mozambique Channel, a huge bleaching occurred in 1998 spring > (end of summer season there) and most of 90 percent of the shallow coral of > the barrier reefs died. > Those corals that surveyed the best are from the muddy environnements in > bays, on fringing reef fronts and patches, even the harbour !why ? Because > the corals living in oceanic cooler waters of the barrier reef belt (170 km > long) are less adapted to tolerate hot waters and high level of light (some > got "sun burns" as table acroporas). In opposite population of corals (same > species) living in neritic coastal waters, in inner areas of the lagoon, > are genetically more adapted to tolerate : high temperature, turbid waters > after rainfalls, even falls of salinity. Today in Mayotte, probably the > recovering ibn coral of the mid-lagoon patch reefs (recruitement) is due to > larvae coming from these coastal coral populations. These is one of the > main reasons to protect these "special" reefs in muddy environments from > all the effects of coastal works (marinas, dredgings, infilling of littoral > for roads, etc...). > > This is a good way for researches.. and from where larvae that recruit are > coming. > > Bernard A. Thomassin > Directeur de recherches au C.N.R.S. > > G.I.S. "Lag-May" > (Groupement d'Int=E9r=EAt Scientifique Environnement marin et littoral de > Mayotte") > & Centre d'Oceanologie de Marseille, > Station Marine d'Endoume, > rue de la Batterie des Lions, > 13007 Marseille > 9l. (33) 04 91 0416 17 > 9l. GSM 06 63 14 91 78 > fax. (33) 04 91 04 16 35 (0 l'attention de...) > e-mail : thomassi at sme.com.univ-mrs.fr > > > From EricHugo at aol.com Fri Aug 25 19:03:51 2000 From: EricHugo at aol.com (EricHugo at aol.com) Date: Fri, 25 Aug 2000 19:03:51 EDT Subject: Julian Sprung's email. Message-ID: <4d.e6ab4.26d85557@aol.com> Hi Julian: I can see where the article is misleading in that it sort of lumps together bleaching and certain mass bleaching events. Still, if you read carefully, I think that it states that other factors may contribute to the "widespread" bleaching of corals. In fact, nowhere in this article do I even see the use of the words "mass bleaching" or anything about subsequent coral death except by inference through the word "starves." Pollution, for example herbicides, pesticides, oils, and other chemicals, have been linked to bleaching. So, its really not that inaccurate. Also, starvation does appear to play a role in the death of corals during prolonged bleaching events, and while you are correct in that starvation will not occur in days, it is still more or less correct in terms of a general statement on bleaching for the general level of this article. Or so I feel. ;-) Eric Borneman From carlson at soest.hawaii.edu Fri Aug 25 20:05:09 2000 From: carlson at soest.hawaii.edu (Bruce Carlson) Date: Fri, 25 Aug 2000 14:05:09 -1000 Subject: Fw: Julian Sprung's Email Message-ID: <013601c00ef1$4cb03f20$22477aa6@waquarium.org> Bill, Let me add a comment to your message (below). Objects in shallow water exposed to strong sunlight can and do get warmer than the surrounding water. I can detect that all the time in our outdoor coral tanks (but I haven't taken the actual temperatures of the corals to know how much warmer). But interestingly (and I'm sure others will corroborate this), during the 1998 bleaching event in Palau, corals in very shallow water survived much better than those just a few feet deeper. You'd think these shallow corals would get extremely hot and of course there is no water flow when exposed to air. Presumably corals on these these shallow water reefs are acclimated/adapted (?) to extreme heat and sun due to exposure during low spring tides, and therefore better able to survive a warm water anomaly (FYI, I'm thinking of shallow patch reefs near German Channel). >From what I've seen in Fiji and Palau, there are four reef environments where corals have a better chance of survival during a warm water anomaly: 1. Reefs that are exposed at low spring tide 2. Reefs close to shore especially near rivers 3. Reefs with strong water flow during changing tides 4. Reefs below about 30 meters depth I'm sure a lot will be said at the Bali conference about the variability of coral survival during the 1998 event and recent 2000 event in the south-central Pacific region. Bruce > Bruce, > > If you have ever laid out in the sun to get a tan on a real calm day did you > notice how hot your skin got. Did you notice how just a little breeze cooled > you off. > > My hypothesis is that during El Nino years there are more days where the > waters are exceptionally calm with little water see-sawing over coral heads. > This gives rise to rapid heating of the coral tissue. It is no surprise to > me that coral bathed by moving water would be able to survive better. The > flow of water cools the coral tissue. > > I contend that extended periods of calm/still water is a significant factor > coupled with higher sea surface temperature that affects coral bleaching. > > ... Bill Mahood, PhD From mcall at superaje.com Fri Aug 25 20:47:43 2000 From: mcall at superaje.com (Don McAllister) Date: Fri, 25 Aug 2000 20:47:43 -0400 Subject: Julian Sprung's email. References: <4d.e6ab4.26d85557@aol.com> Message-ID: <39A713AF.6D9CA65B@superaje.com> EricHugo at aol.com wrote: > Hi Julian: > > I can see where the article is misleading in that it sort of lumps together > bleaching and certain mass bleaching events. S The papers like Goreau which analyze the major bleaching events related to extended above-normal warm season temperatures usually speak of "widespread bleaching." Widespread bleaching is a new phenomenon. Bleaching due to heavy rain at low tide, sedimentation, pollution, etc. are usually local. For more info see the home pages of Global Coral Reef Alliance and NOAA. don Don McAllister From oveh at uq.edu.au Sat Aug 26 00:33:14 2000 From: oveh at uq.edu.au (Ove Hoegh-Guldberg) Date: Sat, 26 Aug 2000 14:33:14 +1000 Subject: Julian Sprung's Email In-Reply-To: <013601c00ef1$4cb03f20$22477aa6@waquarium.org> Message-ID: Dear Bruce, I couldn't help but comment on your recent email. The issue with the interaction between high temperature and high light is one related to the exacerbating effect of light once thermal stress has been initiated. The warming effects of high (PAR) light are minimal and are even hard to measure. Cheers, Ove Professor Ove Hoegh-Guldberg Director, Centre for Marine Studies University of Queensland St Lucia, 4072, QLD Phone: +61 07 3365 4333 Fax: +61 07 3365 4755 Email: oveh at uq.edu.au http://www.marine.uq.edu.au/ohg/index.htm -----Original Message----- From: owner-coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov [mailto:owner-coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov]On Behalf Of Bruce Carlson Sent: Saturday, 26 August 2000 10:05 AM To: coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov Subject: Fw: Julian Sprung's Email Bill, Let me add a comment to your message (below). Objects in shallow water exposed to strong sunlight can and do get warmer than the surrounding water. I can detect that all the time in our outdoor coral tanks (but I haven't taken the actual temperatures of the corals to know how much warmer). But interestingly (and I'm sure others will corroborate this), during the 1998 bleaching event in Palau, corals in very shallow water survived much better than those just a few feet deeper. You'd think these shallow corals would get extremely hot and of course there is no water flow when exposed to air. Presumably corals on these these shallow water reefs are acclimated/adapted (?) to extreme heat and sun due to exposure during low spring tides, and therefore better able to survive a warm water anomaly (FYI, I'm thinking of shallow patch reefs near German Channel). >From what I've seen in Fiji and Palau, there are four reef environments where corals have a better chance of survival during a warm water anomaly: 1. Reefs that are exposed at low spring tide 2. Reefs close to shore especially near rivers 3. Reefs with strong water flow during changing tides 4. Reefs below about 30 meters depth I'm sure a lot will be said at the Bali conference about the variability of coral survival during the 1998 event and recent 2000 event in the south-central Pacific region. Bruce > Bruce, > > If you have ever laid out in the sun to get a tan on a real calm day did you > notice how hot your skin got. Did you notice how just a little breeze cooled > you off. > > My hypothesis is that during El Nino years there are more days where the > waters are exceptionally calm with little water see-sawing over coral heads. > This gives rise to rapid heating of the coral tissue. It is no surprise to > me that coral bathed by moving water would be able to survive better. The > flow of water cools the coral tissue. > > I contend that extended periods of calm/still water is a significant factor > coupled with higher sea surface temperature that affects coral bleaching. > > ... Bill Mahood, PhD From oveh at uq.edu.au Sat Aug 26 00:37:21 2000 From: oveh at uq.edu.au (Ove Hoegh-Guldberg) Date: Sat, 26 Aug 2000 14:37:21 +1000 Subject: Julian Sprung's email. In-Reply-To: <002701c00ec0$60bd43e0$22477aa6@waquarium.org> Message-ID: Flow probably has some effect through the removal of some of the feedback effects of the high oxygen tensions that occur during the daylight hours. If the increased production of active oxygen after thermal stress (a'la Jones et al 1998, reviewed in Hoegh-Guldberg 1999), then flow might have an ameliorating effect through the decreased boundary layer thickness and hence oxygen tensions close to coral surfaces. Survival near rivers might be related to the decreased light stress due to the higher turbidity of rivers. Just some ideas ... Cheers, Ove Professor Ove Hoegh-Guldberg Director, Centre for Marine Studies University of Queensland St Lucia, 4072, QLD Director, Heron, Stradborke and Low Isles Research Stations President, Australian Coral Reef Society Phone: +61 07 3365 4333 Fax: +61 07 3365 4755 Email: oveh at uq.edu.au http://www.marine.uq.edu.au/ohg/index.htm -----Original Message----- From: owner-coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov [mailto:owner-coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov]On Behalf Of Bruce Carlson Sent: Saturday, 26 August 2000 4:15 AM To: Bernard A. Thomassin; coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov Subject: Re: Julian Sprung's email. Bernard, Did you also notice that corals in areas with swift flowing water (usually from tides) also survived better than nearby reefs with low flows? I noticed this in Fiji on the shallow barrier reef of the University of the South Pacific, and in Palau near the lighthouse reef -- both are similar reef environments with strong laminar water flow (the water is shallow enough to stand up at mid-tide, but the current knocks you over -- I don't have a more precise current measurement). Why would flow rate matter? Perhaps there is something related to diffusion rates (which would increase in strong water flow) which offers some protection during bleaching???? If Ove is right about superoxides forming during warm water events, maybe this observation is relevant. Also, in Fiji, we noticed that reefs near river mouths also showed good survival rates. The outer barrier reefs in Palau and Fiji seemed to be hit the hardest. Bruce ----- Original Message ----- From: Bernard A. Thomassin To: Sent: Friday, August 25, 2000 6:30 AM Subject: Re: Julian Sprung's email. > > Jonathan.Kelsey at noaa.gov wrote : > > >-Are these generally accepted concepts? > >-Can one accurately assess coral mortality rates associated with a bleachin > >event after "a matter of just a few days"? > >-Are there quantitative studies showing that there is a greater bleaching > >survival rate among corals in polluted waters versus those in non-polluted > >water? -Any comments and/or further discussion would be greatly appreciated. > > We will presented a poste about the subject at bali meeting. In Mayotte > Is., North Mozambique Channel, a huge bleaching occurred in 1998 spring > (end of summer season there) and most of 90 percent of the shallow coral of > the barrier reefs died. > Those corals that surveyed the best are from the muddy environnements in > bays, on fringing reef fronts and patches, even the harbour !why ? Because > the corals living in oceanic cooler waters of the barrier reef belt (170 km > long) are less adapted to tolerate hot waters and high level of light (some > got "sun burns" as table acroporas). In opposite population of corals (same > species) living in neritic coastal waters, in inner areas of the lagoon, > are genetically more adapted to tolerate : high temperature, turbid waters > after rainfalls, even falls of salinity. Today in Mayotte, probably the > recovering ibn coral of the mid-lagoon patch reefs (recruitement) is due to > larvae coming from these coastal coral populations. These is one of the > main reasons to protect these "special" reefs in muddy environments from > all the effects of coastal works (marinas, dredgings, infilling of littoral > for roads, etc...). > > This is a good way for researches.. and from where larvae that recruit are > coming. > > Bernard A. Thomassin > Directeur de recherches au C.N.R.S. > > G.I.S. "Lag-May" > (Groupement d'Int=E9r=EAt Scientifique Environnement marin et littoral de > Mayotte") > & Centre d'Oceanologie de Marseille, > Station Marine d'Endoume, > rue de la Batterie des Lions, > 13007 Marseille > 9l. (33) 04 91 0416 17 > 9l. GSM 06 63 14 91 78 > fax. (33) 04 91 04 16 35 (0 l'attention de...) > e-mail : thomassi at sme.com.univ-mrs.fr > > > From rmurray at infochan.com Sat Aug 26 10:26:01 2000 From: rmurray at infochan.com (Robert Murray) Date: Sat, 26 Aug 2000 09:26:01 -0500 Subject: Julian Sprung's email. References: <200008251630.QAA59736@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> <002701c00ec0$60bd43e0$22477aa6@waquarium.org> Message-ID: <008701c00f69$93f89b20$104834d0@infochan.com> Flowing water would reduce risk of small-scale hotspots (measured up to 90'F) which we notice in Discovery Bay every year when temperatures regularly reach 86-88'F around the bay towards end of Summer when the winds drop. We notice quite a regular bleaching pattern annually involving these sorts of temperatures. Also would "still" water enhance UV penetration more evenly over small areas. ?? Robert Murray. ========================== ROBERT MURRAY BSc, FGA, Discovery Bay Marine Laboratory, Discovery Bay, Jamaica, W.I. Tel. (876) 973 2946 Fax. (876) 973 3091 rmurray at infochan.com WWW.DBML.ORG ========================== ----- Original Message ----- From: Bruce Carlson To: Bernard A. Thomassin ; coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov Sent: Friday, August 25, 2000 13:14 Subject: Re: Julian Sprung's email. Bernard, Did you also notice that corals in areas with swift flowing water (usually from tides) also survived better than nearby reefs with low flows? I noticed this in Fiji on the shallow barrier reef of the University of the South Pacific, and in Palau near the lighthouse reef -- both are similar reef environments with strong laminar water flow (the water is shallow enough to stand up at mid-tide, but the current knocks you over -- I don't have a more precise current measurement). Why would flow rate matter? Perhaps there is something related to diffusion rates (which would increase in strong water flow) which offers some protection during bleaching???? If Ove is right about superoxides forming during warm water events, maybe this observation is relevant. Also, in Fiji, we noticed that reefs near river mouths also showed good survival rates. The outer barrier reefs in Palau and Fiji seemed to be hit the hardest. Bruce ----- Original Message ----- From: Bernard A. Thomassin To: Sent: Friday, August 25, 2000 6:30 AM Subject: Re: Julian Sprung's email. > > Jonathan.Kelsey at noaa.gov wrote : > > >-Are these generally accepted concepts? > >-Can one accurately assess coral mortality rates associated with a bleachin > >event after "a matter of just a few days"? > >-Are there quantitative studies showing that there is a greater bleaching > >survival rate among corals in polluted waters versus those in non-polluted > >water? -Any comments and/or further discussion would be greatly appreciated. > > We will presented a poste about the subject at bali meeting. In Mayotte > Is., North Mozambique Channel, a huge bleaching occurred in 1998 spring > (end of summer season there) and most of 90 percent of the shallow coral of > the barrier reefs died. > Those corals that surveyed the best are from the muddy environnements in > bays, on fringing reef fronts and patches, even the harbour !why ? Because > the corals living in oceanic cooler waters of the barrier reef belt (170 km > long) are less adapted to tolerate hot waters and high level of light (some > got "sun burns" as table acroporas). In opposite population of corals (same > species) living in neritic coastal waters, in inner areas of the lagoon, > are genetically more adapted to tolerate : high temperature, turbid waters > after rainfalls, even falls of salinity. Today in Mayotte, probably the > recovering ibn coral of the mid-lagoon patch reefs (recruitement) is due to > larvae coming from these coastal coral populations. These is one of the > main reasons to protect these "special" reefs in muddy environments from > all the effects of coastal works (marinas, dredgings, infilling of littoral > for roads, etc...). > > This is a good way for researches.. and from where larvae that recruit are > coming. > > Bernard A. Thomassin > Directeur de recherches au C.N.R.S. > > G.I.S. "Lag-May" > (Groupement d'Int=E9r=EAt Scientifique Environnement marin et littoral de > Mayotte") > & Centre d'Oceanologie de Marseille, > Station Marine d'Endoume, > rue de la Batterie des Lions, > 13007 Marseille > 9l. (33) 04 91 0416 17 > 9l. GSM 06 63 14 91 78 > fax. (33) 04 91 04 16 35 (0 l'attention de...) > e-mail : thomassi at sme.com.univ-mrs.fr > > > -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/pipermail/coral-list-old/attachments/20000826/8e7b30bb/attachment.html From Roger.B.Griffis at hdq.noaa.gov Sat Aug 26 14:31:45 2000 From: Roger.B.Griffis at hdq.noaa.gov (Roger B Griffis) Date: Sat, 26 Aug 2000 13:31:45 -0500 Subject: Call for nominations: MPA Federal Advisory Committee Message-ID: <39A80D11.100C14A2@hdq.noaa.gov> [Call for nominations: Please distribute] RE: Federal register notice calling for nominations for a U.S. Federal Advisory Committee on marine protected areas. On May 26, 2000, President Clinton signed Executive Order #13158 on marine protected areas (MPAs) which, among other things, directs the Secretary of Commerce to form a Federal Advisory Committee to "seek the expert advice and recommendations on non-Federal scients, resource managers, and other interested persons and organizations". The Advisory Committee is to provide input to the Secretary of Commerce and the Secretary of the Interior on implementing portions of the Executive Order, specifically on strategies and priorities for developing a national system of MPAs. A Federal Register notice calling for nominations for the Marine Protected Area Advisory Committee was posted August 18, 2000 (Fed Reg Vol 65, No. 161, pg 50503, I.D.081500CM). The deadline for nominations is October 2, 2000. The Federal Register notice and the MPA Executive Order are available via the web site http://www.mpa.gov. Please distribute this information as broadly as possible. For further information on the Federal Advisory Committee or the Executive Order please contact me or Anne Marie Goldsmith (phone: 202-482-2160; email: anne.marie.goldsmith at noaa.gov). Thank you. Roger Griffis National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration U.S. Department of Commerce P: 202-482-5034 email: roger.b.griffis at noaa.gov -------------- next part -------------- A non-text attachment was scrubbed... Name: Roger.B.Griffis.vcf Type: text/x-vcard Size: 424 bytes Desc: Card for Roger B Griffis Url : http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/pipermail/coral-list-old/attachments/20000826/5ccc451c/attachment.vcf From cbingman at panix.com Sat Aug 26 14:01:12 2000 From: cbingman at panix.com (Craig Bingman) Date: Sat, 26 Aug 2000 14:01:12 -0400 (EDT) Subject: Julian Sprung's email. In-Reply-To: <008701c00f69$93f89b20$104834d0@infochan.com> Message-ID: On Sat, 26 Aug 2000, Robert Murray wrote: > Also would "still" water enhance UV penetration more evenly over small > areas. Yes, it probably would, especially if the sun was nearly overhead. There are primarily two ways that UV light is attenuated by seawater, scattering by suspended/dissolved particles and direct absorption by organic molcules dissolved in the water. Compound mechanisms are also possible, as in small suspended plankton both absorbing and scatering light. In any event absorption is going to be related to the path length that light takes to reach an object in the water. If the water surface is rough, then the typical path length for light to reach an object will be longer than it would be if the water is still. Craig Bingman cbingman at panix.com < New Primary E-Mail Address http://fpage1.ba.best.com/~cbingman From Billy.Causey at noaa.gov Sun Aug 27 11:25:20 2000 From: Billy.Causey at noaa.gov (Billy Causey) Date: Sun, 27 Aug 2000 11:25:20 -0400 Subject: Julian Sprung's email. References: Message-ID: <39A932DD.917B6FE3@noaa.gov> Ove and others, I am interested in your comments about the role of oxygen. For years I have sounded like a broken record, exclaiming that while hot water is one of the stressors leading to coral bleaching, that I suspect the slick-calm, doldrum weather patterns lead to a drop in dissolved oxygen levels in the coral reef environment, especially at night. I sometimes think we take the level of dissolved oxygen on coral reefs for granted .... and tend to not believe there could be a significant enough change to affect corals for example. During years when we have had severe bleaching in the Florida Keys, I have observed reef fish respiring very heavily .... in the middle of the day. So I have often suspected the oxygen levels as being low .... during "hot water" events ... even during daylight hours. Is it possible that the zooxanethellae, existing inside the coral polyp tissue starts competing with the coral polyp for oxygen at night ... when dissolved oxygen levels are low anyway .... and something has to give? Imagine ... day after day and night after night, during periods of low mixing and natural aeration of surface waters, the oxygen level drops below a threshold and the coral polyp is in a state of competing for oxygen with the zooxanethellae. Folks ... be kind to me! I am not a coral physiologist, in fact I wasn't very good in biochemistry .... just a coral reef manager with thousands of hours of observations that make me think the coral bleaching trigger and mechanisms are simpler than we realize. I am curious about opinions on this idea. Cheers, Billy Causey Ove Hoegh-Guldberg wrote: > Flow probably has some effect through the removal of some of the feedback effects of the high oxygen > tensions that occur during the daylight hours. If the increased production of active oxygen after > thermal stress (a'la Jones et al 1998, reviewed in Hoegh-Guldberg 1999), then flow might have an > ameliorating effect through the decreased boundary layer thickness and hence oxygen tensions close > to coral surfaces. > > Survival near rivers might be related to the decreased light stress due to the higher turbidity of > rivers. > > Just some ideas ... > > Cheers, > > Ove > > Professor Ove Hoegh-Guldberg > Director, Centre for Marine Studies > University of Queensland > St Lucia, 4072, QLD > > Director, Heron, Stradborke and Low Isles Research Stations > President, Australian Coral Reef Society > > Phone: +61 07 3365 4333 > Fax: +61 07 3365 4755 > Email: oveh at uq.edu.au > http://www.marine.uq.edu.au/ohg/index.htm > > -----Original Message----- > From: owner-coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov > [mailto:owner-coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov]On Behalf Of Bruce Carlson > Sent: Saturday, 26 August 2000 4:15 AM > To: Bernard A. Thomassin; coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov > Subject: Re: Julian Sprung's email. > > Bernard, > > Did you also notice that corals in areas with swift flowing water (usually > from tides) also survived better than nearby reefs with low flows? I > noticed this in Fiji on the shallow barrier reef of the University of the > South Pacific, and in Palau near the lighthouse reef -- both are similar > reef environments with strong laminar water flow (the water is shallow > enough to stand up at mid-tide, but the current knocks you over -- I don't > have a more precise current measurement). Why would flow rate matter? > Perhaps there is something related to diffusion rates (which would increase > in strong water flow) which offers some protection during bleaching???? If > Ove is right about superoxides forming during warm water events, maybe this > observation is relevant. > > Also, in Fiji, we noticed that reefs near river mouths also showed good > survival rates. The outer barrier reefs in Palau and Fiji seemed to be hit > the hardest. > > Bruce > > ----- Original Message ----- > From: Bernard A. Thomassin > To: > Sent: Friday, August 25, 2000 6:30 AM > Subject: Re: Julian Sprung's email. > > > > > Jonathan.Kelsey at noaa.gov wrote : > > > > >-Are these generally accepted concepts? > > >-Can one accurately assess coral mortality rates associated with a > bleachin > > >event after "a matter of just a few days"? > > >-Are there quantitative studies showing that there is a greater bleaching > > >survival rate among corals in polluted waters versus those in > non-polluted > > >water? -Any comments and/or further discussion would be greatly > appreciated. > > > > We will presented a poste about the subject at bali meeting. In Mayotte > > Is., North Mozambique Channel, a huge bleaching occurred in 1998 spring > > (end of summer season there) and most of 90 percent of the shallow coral > of > > the barrier reefs died. > > Those corals that surveyed the best are from the muddy environnements in > > bays, on fringing reef fronts and patches, even the harbour !why ? Because > > the corals living in oceanic cooler waters of the barrier reef belt (170 > km > > long) are less adapted to tolerate hot waters and high level of light > (some > > got "sun burns" as table acroporas). In opposite population of corals > (same > > species) living in neritic coastal waters, in inner areas of the lagoon, > > are genetically more adapted to tolerate : high temperature, turbid waters > > after rainfalls, even falls of salinity. Today in Mayotte, probably the > > recovering ibn coral of the mid-lagoon patch reefs (recruitement) is due > to > > larvae coming from these coastal coral populations. These is one of the > > main reasons to protect these "special" reefs in muddy environments from > > all the effects of coastal works (marinas, dredgings, infilling of > littoral > > for roads, etc...). > > > > This is a good way for researches.. and from where larvae that recruit are > > coming. > > > > Bernard A. Thomassin > > Directeur de recherches au C.N.R.S. > > > > G.I.S. "Lag-May" > > (Groupement d'Int=E9r=EAt Scientifique Environnement marin et littoral de > > Mayotte") > > & Centre d'Oceanologie de Marseille, > > Station Marine d'Endoume, > > rue de la Batterie des Lions, > > 13007 Marseille > > 9l. (33) 04 91 0416 17 > > 9l. GSM 06 63 14 91 78 > > fax. (33) 04 91 04 16 35 (0 l'attention de...) > > e-mail : thomassi at sme.com.univ-mrs.fr > > > > > > -- Billy D. Causey, Superintendent Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary PO Box 500368 Marathon, FL 33050 Phone (305) 743.2437, Fax (305) 743.2357 http://www.fknms.nos.noaa.gov/ From iclarm at candwbvi.net Sun Aug 27 14:33:59 2000 From: iclarm at candwbvi.net (ICLARM CEPO) Date: Sun, 27 Aug 2000 15:33:59 -0300 Subject: Reef Encounter 28, Call for Contributions References: <39A80D11.100C14A2@hdq.noaa.gov> Message-ID: <003701c01055$84bfc9c0$f1d380ce@johnlm> REEF ENCOUNTER No. 28 News, Views and Reviews. NEWSLETTER OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR REEF STUDIES CALL FOR CONTRIBUTIONS Reef Encounter is looking for articles for the next issue (due out December 2000). We welcome contributions from 300 - 1200 words on any aspect of reef studies, including news, comments, short reviews (but not original scientific data) and also illustrations/cartoons. Our final deadline is 1st October, but because we need to finish the editing before the 9ICRS in late October we would appreciate receiving contributions as soon as possible. Please do not reply directly to this email, but send your ideas for articles and the articles themselves to our email address ReefEncounter at bigfoot.com. You will receive an email acknowledgement from one of the editors within a couple of days (if you don't please check back!). Illustrations and hard copy can be mailed to the following address: Maggie Watson, c/o P.O. Box 305498, PMB 158, St. Thomas VI00803, U. S. Virgin Islands If you need style guidelines, take a look at recent back issues at the society's webpage www.uncwil.edu/isrs. If you are interested in joining the society and receiving Reef Encounter and the journal Coral Reefs, you can also find more details on the web page. Thank you! Maggie Watson Kristian Teleki, Maria Joao Rodrigues From oveh at uq.edu.au Sun Aug 27 17:13:14 2000 From: oveh at uq.edu.au (Ove Hoegh-Guldberg) Date: Mon, 28 Aug 2000 07:13:14 +1000 Subject: Julian Sprung's email. In-Reply-To: <39A932DD.917B6FE3@noaa.gov> Message-ID: Dear Bill, Interesting comments. My feeling is that oxygen is involved (either as an promoter of the photoinhibitory production and build-up of active oxygen within the zooxanthellae - that is, as a secondary variable). We know that thermal stress collapses oxygen production and increases respiration (see papers by Coles and Jokiel: Marine Biology. 1977; 43:209-216, Hoegh-Guldberg and Smith - J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 1989; 129:279-303 and others). If the photosynthetic production of oxygen is down and respiration is up (and probably, bacterial consumption up due to decaying tissue), then oxygen at night over reefs under low flow (especially on reefs where corals dominate) would be expected to decrease, perhaps to critical levels. While not a primary factor, I would see this as an important follow on effect. It may actually be an important determinant of mortality. I am interested in following up the aggravating effect of oxygen - it would be useful if oxygen was monitored during the next set of bleaching events. Perhaps water motion (over small patches of reef) might help ameliorate the ultimate impact of a thermal event. Just a thought. That and shading a reef might be useful for managers of small show pieces of reefs. But - just for those journalists our there - this would not be useful for anything more than a few hundred square metres! Cheers to all, Ove -----Original Message----- From: owner-coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov [mailto:owner-coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov]On Behalf Of Billy Causey Sent: Monday, 28 August 2000 1:25 AM To: oveh at uq.edu.au Cc: Bruce Carlson; Bernard A. Thomassin; coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov Subject: Re: Julian Sprung's email. Ove and others, I am interested in your comments about the role of oxygen. For years I have sounded like a broken record, exclaiming that while hot water is one of the stressors leading to coral bleaching, that I suspect the slick-calm, doldrum weather patterns lead to a drop in dissolved oxygen levels in the coral reef environment, especially at night. I sometimes think we take the level of dissolved oxygen on coral reefs for granted .... and tend to not believe there could be a significant enough change to affect corals for example. During years when we have had severe bleaching in the Florida Keys, I have observed reef fish respiring very heavily .... in the middle of the day. So I have often suspected the oxygen levels as being low .... during "hot water" events ... even during daylight hours. Is it possible that the zooxanethellae, existing inside the coral polyp tissue starts competing with the coral polyp for oxygen at night ... when dissolved oxygen levels are low anyway .... and something has to give? Imagine ... day after day and night after night, during periods of low mixing and natural aeration of surface waters, the oxygen level drops below a threshold and the coral polyp is in a state of competing for oxygen with the zooxanethellae. Folks ... be kind to me! I am not a coral physiologist, in fact I wasn't very good in biochemistry .... just a coral reef manager with thousands of hours of observations that make me think the coral bleaching trigger and mechanisms are simpler than we realize. I am curious about opinions on this idea. Cheers, Billy Causey Ove Hoegh-Guldberg wrote: > Flow probably has some effect through the removal of some of the feedback effects of the high oxygen > tensions that occur during the daylight hours. If the increased production of active oxygen after > thermal stress (a'la Jones et al 1998, reviewed in Hoegh-Guldberg 1999), then flow might have an > ameliorating effect through the decreased boundary layer thickness and hence oxygen tensions close > to coral surfaces. > > Survival near rivers might be related to the decreased light stress due to the higher turbidity of > rivers. > > Just some ideas ... > > Cheers, > > Ove > > Professor Ove Hoegh-Guldberg > Director, Centre for Marine Studies > University of Queensland > St Lucia, 4072, QLD > > Director, Heron, Stradborke and Low Isles Research Stations > President, Australian Coral Reef Society > > Phone: +61 07 3365 4333 > Fax: +61 07 3365 4755 > Email: oveh at uq.edu.au > http://www.marine.uq.edu.au/ohg/index.htm > > -----Original Message----- > From: owner-coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov > [mailto:owner-coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov]On Behalf Of Bruce Carlson > Sent: Saturday, 26 August 2000 4:15 AM > To: Bernard A. Thomassin; coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov > Subject: Re: Julian Sprung's email. > > Bernard, > > Did you also notice that corals in areas with swift flowing water (usually > from tides) also survived better than nearby reefs with low flows? I > noticed this in Fiji on the shallow barrier reef of the University of the > South Pacific, and in Palau near the lighthouse reef -- both are similar > reef environments with strong laminar water flow (the water is shallow > enough to stand up at mid-tide, but the current knocks you over -- I don't > have a more precise current measurement). Why would flow rate matter? > Perhaps there is something related to diffusion rates (which would increase > in strong water flow) which offers some protection during bleaching???? If > Ove is right about superoxides forming during warm water events, maybe this > observation is relevant. > > Also, in Fiji, we noticed that reefs near river mouths also showed good > survival rates. The outer barrier reefs in Palau and Fiji seemed to be hit > the hardest. > > Bruce > > ----- Original Message ----- > From: Bernard A. Thomassin > To: > Sent: Friday, August 25, 2000 6:30 AM > Subject: Re: Julian Sprung's email. > > > > > Jonathan.Kelsey at noaa.gov wrote : > > > > >-Are these generally accepted concepts? > > >-Can one accurately assess coral mortality rates associated with a > bleachin > > >event after "a matter of just a few days"? > > >-Are there quantitative studies showing that there is a greater bleaching > > >survival rate among corals in polluted waters versus those in > non-polluted > > >water? -Any comments and/or further discussion would be greatly > appreciated. > > > > We will presented a poste about the subject at bali meeting. In Mayotte > > Is., North Mozambique Channel, a huge bleaching occurred in 1998 spring > > (end of summer season there) and most of 90 percent of the shallow coral > of > > the barrier reefs died. > > Those corals that surveyed the best are from the muddy environnements in > > bays, on fringing reef fronts and patches, even the harbour !why ? Because > > the corals living in oceanic cooler waters of the barrier reef belt (170 > km > > long) are less adapted to tolerate hot waters and high level of light > (some > > got "sun burns" as table acroporas). In opposite population of corals > (same > > species) living in neritic coastal waters, in inner areas of the lagoon, > > are genetically more adapted to tolerate : high temperature, turbid waters > > after rainfalls, even falls of salinity. Today in Mayotte, probably the > > recovering ibn coral of the mid-lagoon patch reefs (recruitement) is due > to > > larvae coming from these coastal coral populations. These is one of the > > main reasons to protect these "special" reefs in muddy environments from > > all the effects of coastal works (marinas, dredgings, infilling of > littoral > > for roads, etc...). > > > > This is a good way for researches.. and from where larvae that recruit are > > coming. > > > > Bernard A. Thomassin > > Directeur de recherches au C.N.R.S. > > > > G.I.S. "Lag-May" > > (Groupement d'Int=E9r=EAt Scientifique Environnement marin et littoral de > > Mayotte") > > & Centre d'Oceanologie de Marseille, > > Station Marine d'Endoume, > > rue de la Batterie des Lions, > > 13007 Marseille > > 9l. (33) 04 91 0416 17 > > 9l. GSM 06 63 14 91 78 > > fax. (33) 04 91 04 16 35 (0 l'attention de...) > > e-mail : thomassi at sme.com.univ-mrs.fr > > > > > > -- Billy D. Causey, Superintendent Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary PO Box 500368 Marathon, FL 33050 Phone (305) 743.2437, Fax (305) 743.2357 http://www.fknms.nos.noaa.gov/ From carlson at soest.hawaii.edu Sun Aug 27 18:14:38 2000 From: carlson at soest.hawaii.edu (Bruce Carlson) Date: Sun, 27 Aug 2000 12:14:38 -1000 Subject: Julian Sprung's email. References: Message-ID: <003e01c01074$31c94a60$22477aa6@waquarium.org> Ove, Just to add some anecdotal observations I made in Fiji and Palau that seem to be consistent with your hypothesis: very small acroporids (better surface to volume ratio?), and those in the shade under larger colonies were the few survivors, and on the Suva barrier reef (where the water flow is strong), one patch of Acropora muricata that I have monitored since 1972 was bleached in April -- or so it appeared on first inspection. However, the undersides of every branch were brown -- apparently a shading effect (by brown, I mean "normal" in appearance presumably with zooxanthellae present in large numbers). Temperature, sunlight and water flow must all have an effect. I recorded this on video tape. I did not notice this on any of the bleached corals on the outer barrier reef where mortality among acroporids approached 100%. I will check this colony again in November to see if it has recovered. Unrelated to bleaching, the Suva barrier reef has been overgrown by Sargassum since 1972. I first noticed it growing around the corals in 1995, but this year it has taken over on top of the reef (I have photos showing the progression over the years). It snags on the Porites cylindrica and has killed those large old colonies. The only coral colony free of the Sargassum was "my" old A. muricata colony. Presumably the large Stegastes sp. damsels in that patch are keeping it clean = a small oasis in a "sea of Sargassum". Why is the Sargassum taking over? My first guess would be increased nutrients over the years from farming, coming down the nearby Rewa river delta, but over fishing of herbivores may also be a factor. Bruce ----- Original Message ----- From: Ove Hoegh-Guldberg To: Billy Causey Cc: Bruce Carlson ; Bernard A. Thomassin ; Sent: Sunday, August 27, 2000 11:13 AM Subject: RE: Julian Sprung's email. > Dear Bill, > > Interesting comments. My feeling is that oxygen is involved (either as an promoter of the > photoinhibitory production and build-up of active oxygen within the zooxanthellae - that is, as a > secondary variable). We know that thermal stress collapses oxygen production and increases > respiration (see papers by Coles and Jokiel: Marine Biology. 1977; 43:209-216, Hoegh-Guldberg and > Smith - J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 1989; 129:279-303 and others). If the photosynthetic production of > oxygen is down and respiration is up (and probably, bacterial consumption up due to decaying > tissue), then oxygen at night over reefs under low flow (especially on reefs where corals dominate) > would be expected to decrease, perhaps to critical levels. While not a primary factor, I would see > this as an important follow on effect. It may actually be an important determinant of mortality. > > I am interested in following up the aggravating effect of oxygen - it would be useful if oxygen was > monitored during the next set of bleaching events. Perhaps water motion (over small patches of > reef) might help ameliorate the ultimate impact of a thermal event. Just a thought. That and > shading a reef might be useful for managers of small show pieces of reefs. But - just for those > journalists our there - this would not be useful for anything more than a few hundred square metres! > > Cheers to all, > > Ove > > -----Original Message----- > From: owner-coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov > [mailto:owner-coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov]On Behalf Of Billy Causey > Sent: Monday, 28 August 2000 1:25 AM > To: oveh at uq.edu.au > Cc: Bruce Carlson; Bernard A. Thomassin; coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov > Subject: Re: Julian Sprung's email. > > > Ove and others, > > I am interested in your comments about the role of oxygen. For years I have sounded like a broken > record, exclaiming that while hot water is one of the stressors leading to coral bleaching, that I > suspect the slick-calm, doldrum weather patterns lead to a drop in dissolved oxygen levels in the > coral > reef environment, especially at night. I sometimes think we take the level of dissolved oxygen on > coral reefs for granted .... and tend to not believe there could be a significant enough change to > affect corals for example. > > During years when we have had severe bleaching in the Florida Keys, I have observed reef fish > respiring > very heavily .... in the middle of the day. So I have often suspected the oxygen levels as being > low > .... during "hot water" events ... even during daylight hours. > > Is it possible that the zooxanethellae, existing inside the coral polyp tissue starts competing with > the coral polyp for oxygen at night ... when dissolved oxygen levels are low anyway .... and > something > has to give? Imagine ... day after day and night after night, during periods of low mixing and > natural > aeration of surface waters, the oxygen level drops below a threshold and the coral polyp is in a > state > of competing for oxygen with the zooxanethellae. > > Folks ... be kind to me! I am not a coral physiologist, in fact I wasn't very good in biochemistry > .... just a coral reef manager with thousands of hours of observations that make me think the coral > bleaching trigger and mechanisms are simpler than we realize. I am curious about opinions on this > idea. > > Cheers, Billy Causey > > Ove Hoegh-Guldberg wrote: > > > Flow probably has some effect through the removal of some of the feedback effects of the high > oxygen > > tensions that occur during the daylight hours. If the increased production of active oxygen after > > thermal stress (a'la Jones et al 1998, reviewed in Hoegh-Guldberg 1999), then flow might have an > > ameliorating effect through the decreased boundary layer thickness and hence oxygen tensions close > > to coral surfaces. > > > > Survival near rivers might be related to the decreased light stress due to the higher turbidity of > > rivers. > > > > Just some ideas ... > > > > Cheers, > > > > Ove > > > > Professor Ove Hoegh-Guldberg > > Director, Centre for Marine Studies > > University of Queensland > > St Lucia, 4072, QLD > > > > Director, Heron, Stradborke and Low Isles Research Stations > > President, Australian Coral Reef Society > > > > Phone: +61 07 3365 4333 > > Fax: +61 07 3365 4755 > > Email: oveh at uq.edu.au > > http://www.marine.uq.edu.au/ohg/index.htm > > > > -----Original Message----- > > From: owner-coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov > > [mailto:owner-coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov]On Behalf Of Bruce Carlson > > Sent: Saturday, 26 August 2000 4:15 AM > > To: Bernard A. Thomassin; coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov > > Subject: Re: Julian Sprung's email. > > > > Bernard, > > > > Did you also notice that corals in areas with swift flowing water (usually > > from tides) also survived better than nearby reefs with low flows? I > > noticed this in Fiji on the shallow barrier reef of the University of the > > South Pacific, and in Palau near the lighthouse reef -- both are similar > > reef environments with strong laminar water flow (the water is shallow > > enough to stand up at mid-tide, but the current knocks you over -- I don't > > have a more precise current measurement). Why would flow rate matter? > > Perhaps there is something related to diffusion rates (which would increase > > in strong water flow) which offers some protection during bleaching???? If > > Ove is right about superoxides forming during warm water events, maybe this > > observation is relevant. > > > > Also, in Fiji, we noticed that reefs near river mouths also showed good > > survival rates. The outer barrier reefs in Palau and Fiji seemed to be hit > > the hardest. > > > > Bruce > > > > ----- Original Message ----- > > From: Bernard A. Thomassin > > To: > > Sent: Friday, August 25, 2000 6:30 AM > > Subject: Re: Julian Sprung's email. > > > > > > > > Jonathan.Kelsey at noaa.gov wrote : > > > > > > >-Are these generally accepted concepts? > > > >-Can one accurately assess coral mortality rates associated with a > > bleachin > > > >event after "a matter of just a few days"? > > > >-Are there quantitative studies showing that there is a greater bleaching > > > >survival rate among corals in polluted waters versus those in > > non-polluted > > > >water? -Any comments and/or further discussion would be greatly > > appreciated. > > > > > > We will presented a poste about the subject at bali meeting. In Mayotte > > > Is., North Mozambique Channel, a huge bleaching occurred in 1998 spring > > > (end of summer season there) and most of 90 percent of the shallow coral > > of > > > the barrier reefs died. > > > Those corals that surveyed the best are from the muddy environnements in > > > bays, on fringing reef fronts and patches, even the harbour !why ? Because > > > the corals living in oceanic cooler waters of the barrier reef belt (170 > > km > > > long) are less adapted to tolerate hot waters and high level of light > > (some > > > got "sun burns" as table acroporas). In opposite population of corals > > (same > > > species) living in neritic coastal waters, in inner areas of the lagoon, > > > are genetically more adapted to tolerate : high temperature, turbid waters > > > after rainfalls, even falls of salinity. Today in Mayotte, probably the > > > recovering ibn coral of the mid-lagoon patch reefs (recruitement) is due > > to > > > larvae coming from these coastal coral populations. These is one of the > > > main reasons to protect these "special" reefs in muddy environments from > > > all the effects of coastal works (marinas, dredgings, infilling of > > littoral > > > for roads, etc...). > > > > > > This is a good way for researches.. and from where larvae that recruit are > > > coming. > > > > > > Bernard A. Thomassin > > > Directeur de recherches au C.N.R.S. > > > > > > G.I.S. "Lag-May" > > > (Groupement d'Int=E9r=EAt Scientifique Environnement marin et littoral de > > > Mayotte") > > > & Centre d'Oceanologie de Marseille, > > > Station Marine d'Endoume, > > > rue de la Batterie des Lions, > > > 13007 Marseille > > > 9l. (33) 04 91 0416 17 > > > 9l. GSM 06 63 14 91 78 > > > fax. (33) 04 91 04 16 35 (0 l'attention de...) > > > e-mail : thomassi at sme.com.univ-mrs.fr > > > > > > > > > > > -- > Billy D. Causey, Superintendent > Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary > PO Box 500368 > Marathon, FL 33050 > Phone (305) 743.2437, Fax (305) 743.2357 > http://www.fknms.nos.noaa.gov/ > > > > From buddrw at kgs.ukans.edu Sun Aug 27 19:34:51 2000 From: buddrw at kgs.ukans.edu (Bob Buddemeier) Date: Sun, 27 Aug 2000 18:34:51 -0500 Subject: Julian Sprung's email. In-Reply-To: <39A932DD.917B6FE3@noaa.gov> References: Message-ID: <4.2.0.58.20000827181517.009b1100@mail.kgs.ukans.edu> Editorial comment -- only thing wrong with Billy Causey's note is the excessive modesty -- physiologist envy is a dangerous thing, and seldom warranted. Water motion is greatly underrated. Reef calcification is strongly linked to water motion, which I attribute to a trade-off in terms of saturation state -- with good flushing the non-advective, non-symbiotic calcifiers (which includes endoliths down to the bacterial level) can get the CO2 out of their boundary layers faster. Algal symbiosis compensates to a substantial degree, but there's no free lunch -- something is always the limiting nutrient (or toxin). With no motion and especially with high light, excess oxygen becomes a problem by day, oxygen depletion by night. Which, in this age of microelectrodes, ought to be quite measurable. Question/suggestion -- of all of the myriad experiments that have been done on inducing bleaching by cranking up the temperature (which Steve Vogel aptly characterized as 'everybody's favorite abscissa'), how many have quantitatively controlled for or measured, much less experimentally varied, light dose and especially water motion at/near the organism's surface? Substantive answers solicited -- please send them to me as well as the server, since I only get around to sampling the contributions about once a week. Bob Buddemeier At 10:25 8/27/00 , Billy Causey wrote: >Ove and others, > >I am interested in your comments about the role of oxygen. For years I >have sounded like a broken >record, exclaiming that while hot water is one of the stressors leading to >coral bleaching, that I >suspect the slick-calm, doldrum weather patterns lead to a drop in >dissolved oxygen levels in the coral >reef environment, especially at night. I sometimes think we take the >level of dissolved oxygen on >coral reefs for granted .... and tend to not believe there could be a >significant enough change to >affect corals for example. > >During years when we have had severe bleaching in the Florida Keys, I have >observed reef fish respiring >very heavily .... in the middle of the day. So I have often suspected the >oxygen levels as being low >.... during "hot water" events ... even during daylight hours. > >Is it possible that the zooxanethellae, existing inside the coral polyp >tissue starts competing with >the coral polyp for oxygen at night ... when dissolved oxygen levels are >low anyway .... and something >has to give? Imagine ... day after day and night after night, during >periods of low mixing and natural >aeration of surface waters, the oxygen level drops below a threshold and >the coral polyp is in a state >of competing for oxygen with the zooxanethellae. > >Folks ... be kind to me! I am not a coral physiologist, in fact I wasn't >very good in biochemistry >.... just a coral reef manager with thousands of hours of observations >that make me think the coral >bleaching trigger and mechanisms are simpler than we realize. I am >curious about opinions on this >idea. > >Cheers, Billy Causey > >Ove Hoegh-Guldberg wrote: > > > Flow probably has some effect through the removal of some of the > feedback effects of the high oxygen > > tensions that occur during the daylight hours. If the increased > production of active oxygen after > > thermal stress (a'la Jones et al 1998, reviewed in Hoegh-Guldberg > 1999), then flow might have an > > ameliorating effect through the decreased boundary layer thickness and > hence oxygen tensions close > > to coral surfaces. > > > > Survival near rivers might be related to the decreased light stress due > to the higher turbidity of > > rivers. > > > > Just some ideas ... > > > > Cheers, > > > > Ove > > > > Professor Ove Hoegh-Guldberg > > Director, Centre for Marine Studies > > University of Queensland > > St Lucia, 4072, QLD > > > > Director, Heron, Stradborke and Low Isles Research Stations > > President, Australian Coral Reef Society > > > > Phone: +61 07 3365 4333 > > Fax: +61 07 3365 4755 > > Email: oveh at uq.edu.au > > http://www.marine.uq.edu.au/ohg/index.htm > > > > -----Original Message----- > > From: owner-coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov > > [mailto:owner-coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov]On Behalf Of Bruce Carlson > > Sent: Saturday, 26 August 2000 4:15 AM > > To: Bernard A. Thomassin; coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov > > Subject: Re: Julian Sprung's email. > > > > Bernard, > > > > Did you also notice that corals in areas with swift flowing water (usually > > from tides) also survived better than nearby reefs with low flows? I > > noticed this in Fiji on the shallow barrier reef of the University of the > > South Pacific, and in Palau near the lighthouse reef -- both are similar > > reef environments with strong laminar water flow (the water is shallow > > enough to stand up at mid-tide, but the current knocks you over -- I don't > > have a more precise current measurement). Why would flow rate matter? > > Perhaps there is something related to diffusion rates (which would increase > > in strong water flow) which offers some protection during bleaching???? If > > Ove is right about superoxides forming during warm water events, maybe this > > observation is relevant. > > > > Also, in Fiji, we noticed that reefs near river mouths also showed good > > survival rates. The outer barrier reefs in Palau and Fiji seemed to be hit > > the hardest. > > > > Bruce > > > > ----- Original Message ----- > > From: Bernard A. Thomassin > > To: > > Sent: Friday, August 25, 2000 6:30 AM > > Subject: Re: Julian Sprung's email. > > > > > > > > Jonathan.Kelsey at noaa.gov wrote : > > > > > > >-Are these generally accepted concepts? > > > >-Can one accurately assess coral mortality rates associated with a > > bleachin > > > >event after "a matter of just a few days"? > > > >-Are there quantitative studies showing that there is a greater > bleaching > > > >survival rate among corals in polluted waters versus those in > > non-polluted > > > >water? -Any comments and/or further discussion would be greatly > > appreciated. > > > > > > We will presented a poste about the subject at bali meeting. In Mayotte > > > Is., North Mozambique Channel, a huge bleaching occurred in 1998 spring > > > (end of summer season there) and most of 90 percent of the shallow coral > > of > > > the barrier reefs died. > > > Those corals that surveyed the best are from the muddy environnements in > > > bays, on fringing reef fronts and patches, even the harbour !why ? > Because > > > the corals living in oceanic cooler waters of the barrier reef belt (170 > > km > > > long) are less adapted to tolerate hot waters and high level of light > > (some > > > got "sun burns" as table acroporas). In opposite population of corals > > (same > > > species) living in neritic coastal waters, in inner areas of the lagoon, > > > are genetically more adapted to tolerate : high temperature, turbid > waters > > > after rainfalls, even falls of salinity. Today in Mayotte, probably the > > > recovering ibn coral of the mid-lagoon patch reefs (recruitement) is due > > to > > > larvae coming from these coastal coral populations. These is one of the > > > main reasons to protect these "special" reefs in muddy environments from > > > all the effects of coastal works (marinas, dredgings, infilling of > > littoral > > > for roads, etc...). > > > > > > This is a good way for researches.. and from where larvae that > recruit are > > > coming. > > > > > > Bernard A. Thomassin > > > Directeur de recherches au C.N.R.S. > > > > > > G.I.S. "Lag-May" > > > (Groupement d'Int=E9r=EAt Scientifique Environnement marin et littoral de > > > Mayotte") > > > & Centre d'Oceanologie de Marseille, > > > Station Marine d'Endoume, > > > rue de la Batterie des Lions, > > > 13007 Marseille > > > 9l. (33) 04 91 0416 17 > > > 9l. GSM 06 63 14 91 78 > > > fax. (33) 04 91 04 16 35 (0 l'attention de...) > > > e-mail : thomassi at sme.com.univ-mrs.fr > > > > > > > > > > >-- >Billy D. Causey, Superintendent >Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary >PO Box 500368 >Marathon, FL 33050 >Phone (305) 743.2437, Fax (305) 743.2357 >http://www.fknms.nos.noaa.gov/ > Robert W. Buddemeier Kansas Geological Survey University of Kansas Lawrence, KS 66047 USA tel: (785) 864-2112 fax: (785) 864-5317 email: buddrw at kgs.ukans.edu From Lawrance.Ferns at nre.vic.gov.au Sun Aug 27 22:23:26 2000 From: Lawrance.Ferns at nre.vic.gov.au (Lawrance.Ferns at nre.vic.gov.au) Date: Mon, 28 Aug 2000 12:23:26 +1000 Subject: Advice for Coral Zonation/Assemblage Study Publication Message-ID: <4A256949.000D2EE9.00@ctln06.nre.vic.gov.au> Hello Coral List I recently wrote a paper describing the community composition of a macrotidal coral reef / algae assemblage of East Darwin Foreshore (Nightcliff Reef, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia). The work represents the first detailed quantitative assessment of a 'finging' intertidal coral assemblage for this region of Australia. The paper compares and builds on the type of work previously undertaken on Magnetic Island, off Townsville Australia (eg Morrissey, Bull). Corals in the intertidal at Magnetic Island are similar in that they exist in nearshore muddy waters. The paper also overviews other work in the Indo Pacific, hence it also looks at georaphic affinities and differences to other published data (such as Sheperd in the Arabian region). The assemblage is unusual in that it exists under extreme environmental conditions. The intertidal area on a low spring tide is over 500 m. The tides reach up to 7m, and large colonies of Goniastrea aspera attain heights up to 1.8m which are totally exposed at low tide. The paper attempts to follow (and review) the 'best' elements of sampling design to undertake coral community analysis, then provides a comparsion with other published work which documents community assemblage patterns within the region. I believe we may have also discovered an undescribed species of Porities which dominates much of the intertidal/fringing assemblages throughout the region. I am wondering if any established publishers of zonation / distribution studies can recommend appropriate journal? It appears 'Coral Reefs' and 'J. Marine and Freshwater Research' no longer publish material on zonation/distribution studies. I have been advised to contact 'Atoll Research Bulletin' but cannot find any details for publication through the WWW? Regards Lawrance Ferns Senior Marine Strategist Parks, Flora and Fauna Division Department of Natural Resources and Environment 14 / 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia Telehone: (03) 9637 8404 Fax: (03) 9637 8117 EMail: lawrance.ferns at nre.vic.gov.au From blakeway at cyllene.uwa.edu.au Mon Aug 28 02:38:57 2000 From: blakeway at cyllene.uwa.edu.au (David Blakeway) Date: Mon, 28 Aug 2000 14:38:57 +0800 Subject: Billy Causey's email on dissolved oxygen In-Reply-To: <39A932DD.917B6FE3@noaa.gov> References: <39A932DD.917B6FE3@noaa.gov> Message-ID: <200008280638.e7S6cvR07029@cyllene.uwa.edu.au> Hello coral-listers, I believe Billy could be right in considering dissolved oxygen depletion to be a cause of some coral bleaching and mortality. I attributed bleaching and mortality of Acropora and Montipora spp. at some of my PhD sites in the Houtman Abrolhos Islands, Western Australia to oxygen depletion. The sites are deep (10 to 30m) depressions in the reef. DO concentrations below 1 mg/L in some instances. Transplanted Acropora branches bleached and died within a week at DO's of 2 to 4 mg. Handling controls suffered no (visible) ill effects. I can't be sure that oxygen depletion was responsible, as other variables were uncontrolled. Water temperature was only 24 deg C though. Is anybody doing any controlled field or lab experiments? I still feel that temperature is critical in many cases. I have a Hydnophora pilosa colony in an aquarium that bleaches as soon as water temperature exceeds 28 deg C, but recovers at lower temperatures. The aquarium has strong circulation, so the colony ?should be getting plenty of oxygen. Dave David Blakeway Institute for Regional Development University of Western Australia Nedlands WA 6907 Australia From jondee at planetark.org Mon Aug 28 04:25:45 2000 From: jondee at planetark.org (Jon Dee) Date: 28 Aug 2000 18:25:45 +1000 Subject: Coral Stories in the News Media Message-ID: <200008280726.RAA04634@online.tmx.com.au> Reply to: Coral Stories in the News Media Re: Coral Stories in the News Media Dear Coral Listers, For your information, Planet Ark has over 35 Reuters news stories from the last year about coral related issues. You can access these coral news stories via: http://www.planetark.org/searchresults.cfm?criteria=coral&sortorder=date&showweeks=-52 These stories cover the main coral news stories in the media from the last 12 months. Please let me know if they're of use to you. Best regards, Jon Dee Founder Planet Ark Environmental Foundation jondee at planetark.org -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/pipermail/coral-list-old/attachments/20000828/9e06fea5/attachment.html From jsteffen at cbn.net.id Sun Aug 27 22:54:30 2000 From: jsteffen at cbn.net.id (Jan Henning Steffen) Date: Mon, 28 Aug 2000 09:54:30 +0700 Subject: Coral Reef Educational Database Message-ID: Dear Colleagues, The Indonesian Coral Reef Foundation TERANGI has recently been commissioned by Johns Hopkins University/Center for Communication Program to develop a database for coral reef educational media within the frame of the Indonesian COREMAP ? Coral Reef Rehabilitation and Management Project. In order to develop an extensive and up to date database of educational booklets, teacher manuals, audiovisual training aids, etc., we were sending out more than 800 letters and e-mails about two months ago, asking for information on existing educational media on coral reef issues. Surprisingly, the turnout was much less than expected: We got all together 35 replies, five institutions filled out the media information form and 7 institutions sent material, all resulting in 12 entries in the database, of which 5 are from Oman - alhamdulillah ;-) Trying to figure out the reasons for the low response, we wonder, whether many of you actually have been out teaching or studying in the field during the summer period or just returned from summer vacation. Since we aim to include the efforts and products of as many institutions and individuals as possible in this database, we would be happy if those of you who produced material or who know about available media on coral reef education would contact us or fill out the attached form. Through the database we hope to facilitate the communication among institutions and projects by providing contact addresses of authors and distributors together with information on content, intended target groups, specific use categories, age classes, etc. . We hope that this approach will benefit international stakeholders in coral reef management and education projects as well as Indonesian efforts to increase awareness and to build capacity for coral reef management and conservation. The database will be made available to all interested stakeholders on CD-ROM and on the Internet. We hope, that the database can be launched on a website in time for this years 9th International Coral Reef Symposium in Bali and that a joint display can be organized, in which a large number of the included media can be explored by interested participants. Therefore we would really appreciate if you could spent a few minutes of your time to support this effort with information on educational media on coral reefs Sincerely yours, Jan Henning Steffen (TERANGI) Douglas Storey (JHU/COREMAP) Marlina Purwadi (TERANGI) PS Below you find our previous letter. -- _________________________________________________________________________ TERANGI - The Indonesian Coral Reef Foundation Jl. Kemang Timur Kompl. IAPCO No. 12 Jakarta Indonesia T/F +62 (21) 7179 3372 e-mail terangi at cbn.net.id _________________________________________________________________________ BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT Two of five main programs of the Indonesian Coral Reef Foundation TERANGI focus on the increase of public awareness and training/education regarding management and wise use of coral reef resources. Therefore, we began more than a year ago to search for appropriate books, publications, training manuals and audiovisual material in order to carry out education and public awareness activities focusing on general reef ecology, the values and threats of coral reefs, as well as on community based CR management. In agreement with the authors, some of the materials, including two videos, a book, a monitoring manual and an educational flipchart are currently being translated or adapted for the use in Indonesia. During this process it became apparent, that in line with the "ICRI (International Coral Reef Initiative) - CALL TO ACTION" in Dumaguete in the Philippines in 1995, the "Year of the Reef" in 1997 and the "ICRI Reaffirmation of the Call to Action and Framework for Action" on the "ITMEMS-International Tropical Marine Ecosystems Management Symposium" in Townsville in 1998, many new and creative media have been developed in order to communicate coral reef related issues to a wider public in general and to several target groups in schools, Universities and Government Institutions in particular. Nevertheless, when asked for recommended publications by other institutions, many national and international NGOs and donor agencies stated, that they found it difficult to keep track with new releases. Many were surprised to find out, that they were not aware of several new and valuable existing media. In order to support and strengthen the national and international mechanisms for gathering and sharing educational information and expertise on the sustainable management of coral reefs and related ecosystems, Johns Hopkins Universities Center for Communication Programs decided to fund TERANGIs efforts regarding the development of an educational coral reef media database within the framework of the JHU-CCP Coral Reef Public Awareness Project within the Indonesian COREMAP (Coral Reef Rehabilitation and Management) Program. THE DATABASE It is planned to collect information on as many existing media as possible, including books or educational booklets, training manuals, school project documentation, Posters, games, audiovisual material, educational slide collections, interactive CD-ROMs and websites. These will be categorized regarding subject, target group etc. and entered into a clearing house database, which will be made available to interested stakeholders on CD-ROM and on the Internet, similar to former Johns Hopkins-Projects, such as the Zambia Health Communication Database (see http://www.jhuccp.org/mmc). It is hoped, that the website can be launched in time for this years 9th International Coral Reef Symposium in Bali and that a joint display can be organized, in which a large number of the media can be explored by interested participants. OUR REQUEST FOR SUPPORT Please make copies of the attached form, and fill out one form for each kind of media you or your institution produced and/or which you would like to see included in the database. You can fax the form to +62-21-717 933 72, send it by mail, or enter information directly in the attached document and send it to our e-mail terangi at cbn.net.id In order to display as many different existing educational materials as possible at the Bali conference, it would be very helpful, if you could send a sample of your product/s to the following address Yayasan TERANGI PO Box 4346 JKTM 12700 Jakarta, Indonesia If you or your institution will be present at the Bali conference, please consider to bring or ship copies of your product, to enable interested participants to purchase them easily. If you send an example, please note, whether you would like us to send your sample back to you after the conference or whether you agree, that the collected samples will be provided as a future information source to students, local NGOs, government officials and other stakeholders through TERANGIs clearing house facility in its growing coral reef information and training center library in Jakarta. We hope to be able to update the database in regular intervals, so please inform us in the future, if you would like other products to be added. We hope, that our joint effort will benefit the growing community of institutions and individuals caring for the conservation and the sustainable use of coral reefs and thank you very much for your consideration and support, Yours sincerely _________________________________ Marlina Purwadi and Jan Henning Steffen, PhD Program for Marine Science and Education TERANGI ? The Indonesian Coral Reef Foundation ___________________________ Dr. Douglas Storey Teamleader COREMAP Public Awareness JHU CCP ? Johns Hopkins University / Center for Communication Programs ____________________________________________________________________________ D A T A B A S E E N TR Y F O R M Please fill out the form below to help us to describe your product in the database. Please make copies of the form in case you produced several coral reef education media. You can e-mail the form(s) to terangi at cbn.net.id or fax it to +62-21 717 93372 or send it by mail to Yayasan TERANGI PO BOX 4346 JKTM 12700 Jakarta - Indonesia - If you send a sample of your material you don?t need to fill out the form(s). - In case you are sending any product please notify us by short e?mail, fax or letter to enable us to check with the post office in case there is a delay with their arrival. If you are not sure, whether your material fits the database, below a short help to identify the kind of product the database would like to list: We are looking for materials for coral reef educational efforts, which are often, but not necessarily elementary - school - based (for example in regard to outreach work in coastal communities). Defining the target group categories, we asked ourselves the following questions: How do we educate children, students and adults about coral reef issues and what do we consider to be essential "coral reef knowledge" for each target group? We would like to list also more advanced education and training manuals on reef conservation and management for specific target groups, such as university students and field staff of coral reef conservation projects. Your Name : Institution : Kind of Material: (For example Book, Journal, Report, News Letter, Article Magazine, Fact Sheet, Audio Visual, Poster, Web Site, Educational game ) Title : ????????? Author/ Institution : ????????? Publisher : ????????? Year : ????????? Language : ????????? Total Pages : ????????? Volume : ????????? ISSN Number : ????????? For Audio Visual Duration : ??????? minutes Kind of Audio-Visual : (cross/high light appropriate category) 1. Video 2. CD-ROM 3. Audio-Cassette 4. VCD 5???? For Web Site Web Address : ??????????????????? Type of Information : ??????????????????? For Visual Material (cross/high light appropriate category) 1. Flip Chart 2. Poster 3. Educational Brochure 5. Slide Collection 6. ?????????? Category : (cross/high light appropriate categories) 1. Public Awareness 2. Coral Monitoring 3. Coral Reef Ecology 4. Coral Reef Invertebrate 5. Coral Reef Fishes 6. Coral Taxonomy 7. Coral Reef Management 8. Coral Reef Status 9. ??????????? Potential User : (cross/high light appropriate category) 1. Teacher/Lecturer 2. NGO 3. General 4. Student (a. kindergarten b. elementary c. high school d. college) 5. ? Abstract/Summary : Key Words : Please characterize/evaluate the material in your words: (if applicable) About the material : (cross the appropriate category) 1 You send this form to TERANGI 2 You send a sample of the material and would like us to send it back to you after the Bali Symposium 3 You send a sample of the material and you agree that it will become part of a non-profit Clearing House Library after The Symposium 4 You will bring the material to the symposium and would like us to provide space for it in the exhibition. Where and how can interested parties access or order the Material? Institution : ????????????????? Contact person : ????????????????? Division : ????????????????? Address : ????????????????? Country : ????????????????? Zip : ????????????????? Telp : ????????????????? Fax : ????????????????? e-mail : ????????????????? web-site : ????????????????? Notes, recommendations or remarks From mcall at superaje.com Mon Aug 28 08:14:25 2000 From: mcall at superaje.com (Don McAllister) Date: Mon, 28 Aug 2000 08:14:25 -0400 Subject: Julian Sprung's email. References: <39A932DD.917B6FE3@noaa.gov> Message-ID: <39AA57A1.8F0846FC@superaje.com> Hi Bill, Your comments on high temperatures and low oxygen are interesting. Sounds like it would be worth following up. It would seem we know so little of basic biology of coral colonies and their inhabitants. The high respiration rates are interesting too. Tropical fishes are supposed to be more stenothermal - have a more limited range of optimal temperatures than boreal fishes. That might combine with low oxygen levels It would be interesting to see if there will be direct stresses on coral reef fishes as well as through the loss of habitat. don Don McAllister Billy Causey wrote: > Ove and others, > > I am interested in your comments about the role of oxygen. For years I have sounded like a broken > record, exclaiming that while hot water is one of the stressors leading to coral bleaching, that I > suspect the slick-calm, doldrum weather patterns lead to a drop in dissolved oxygen levels in the coral > reef environment, especially at night. I sometimes think we take the level of dissolved oxygen on > coral reefs for granted .... and tend to not believe there could be a significant enough change to > affect corals for example. > > During years when we have had severe bleaching in the Florida Keys, I have observed reef fish respiring > very heavily .... in the middle of the day. So I have often suspected the oxygen levels as being low > .... during "hot water" events ... even during daylight hours. > > Is it possible that the zooxanethellae, existing inside the coral polyp tissue starts competing with From sjameson at coralseas.com Mon Aug 28 11:47:21 2000 From: sjameson at coralseas.com (Stephen C Jameson) Date: Mon, 28 Aug 00 11:47:21 -0400 Subject: Advice for Coral Zonation/Assemblage Study Publication Message-ID: <200008281437.KAA30407@radagast.wizard.net> Dear Lawrance and other interested coral-listers, Regarding: >I am wondering if any established publishers of zonation / distribution >studies can recommend appropriate journal? It appears 'Coral Reefs' and 'J. Marine >and Freshwater Research' no longer publish material on zonation/distribution >studies. I have been advised to contact 'Atoll Research Bulletin' but cannot >find any details for publication through the WWW? > >Regards > >Lawrance Ferns >Senior Marine Strategist >Parks, Flora and Fauna Division >Department of Natural Resources and Environment > >14 / 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia For info on Atoll Research Bulletin contact Dr. Ian MacIntyre at macintyre.ian at nmnh.si.edu Best regards, Dr. Stephen C. Jameson, President Coral Seas Inc. - Integrated Coastal Zone Management 4254 Hungry Run Road, The Plains, VA 20198-1715 USA Office: 703-754-8690, Fax: 703-754-9139 Email: sjameson at coralseas.com Web Site: www.coralseas.com From joe at mountaincorals.com Mon Aug 28 12:24:51 2000 From: joe at mountaincorals.com (Joseph S. Jones) Date: Mon, 28 Aug 2000 16:24:51 GMT Subject: commercial production of reef corals Message-ID: <200008281624.QAA69153@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> Hi, My name is Joseph S. Jones. Along with my wife I own a company called Mountain Corals. We started our business a little over two years ago based on a small coral propagating operation that we ran out of our home. We were quite successful growing a variety of hard and soft corals and selling them to the local aquarium stores. While we were attending a conference we lost our propagation grow out system along with most of our brood stock. We have not restarted our operation yet. But, that is not the question. I was only trying to give a little history of my experience to address this question of commercial production of reef corals. I know that it can be done as I have done so on a small scale. I have observed LeRoy Headlee of G.A.R.F. teach many people both basic and advanced techniques for propagating various corals. I know that virtually all soft corals can be successfully propagated and grown as can almost all SPS corals. The real question that Mr. Zakai is asking is not if reef corals can be grown but would there be a possibility of getting larvae from the imported corals into the Red Sea. What Mr. Zakai seems to not realize is that there is no commercial growing of corals through sexual reproduction. There has been very little successful research done on this aspect and as far as I know no-one has advanced to this stage commercially. In any propagation facility there may occur spontaneous, unexpected reproduction via spawning. To prevent this from getting out of the facility would be a fairly simple procedure. Just empty all water into a well and treat it to kill any larvae. To get foreign larvae into the Red Sea would virtually take a deliberate act of eco- terrorism. As to whether commercially growing reef corals can be done, my answer is that yes it can and has been being done so by many different groups all over the world for several years. Whether it can be done safely is just a matter of following simple precautionary procedures. Joseph S. Jones Mountain Corals, The home of Velvet Green and Rotifers, Nature's Premium Planktons From oveh at uq.edu.au Mon Aug 28 16:22:13 2000 From: oveh at uq.edu.au (Ove Hoegh-Guldberg) Date: Tue, 29 Aug 2000 06:22:13 +1000 Subject: Julian Sprung's email. In-Reply-To: <4.2.0.58.20000827181517.009b1100@mail.kgs.ukans.edu> Message-ID: I agree with Bob's point. I believe we are at the point that temperature as a primary variable (for explaining recent mass bleaching) is nailed down. The interesting questions right now pertain to the deviations from the rule which I would see as important secondary variables. The combination of light (cloudiness, UVR), genetics, period of exposure, flow, oxygen and other (secondary) variables with temperature anomalies over reefs should hold the key to explaining the variation seen between corals and across reefs. Ove -----Original Message----- From: owner-coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov [mailto:owner-coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov]On Behalf Of Bob Buddemeier Sent: Monday, 28 August 2000 9:35 AM To: Billy Causey; oveh at uq.edu.au Cc: Bruce Carlson; Bernard A. Thomassin; coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov Subject: Re: Julian Sprung's email. Editorial comment -- only thing wrong with Billy Causey's note is the excessive modesty -- physiologist envy is a dangerous thing, and seldom warranted. Water motion is greatly underrated. Reef calcification is strongly linked to water motion, which I attribute to a trade-off in terms of saturation state -- with good flushing the non-advective, non-symbiotic calcifiers (which includes endoliths down to the bacterial level) can get the CO2 out of their boundary layers faster. Algal symbiosis compensates to a substantial degree, but there's no free lunch -- something is always the limiting nutrient (or toxin). With no motion and especially with high light, excess oxygen becomes a problem by day, oxygen depletion by night. Which, in this age of microelectrodes, ought to be quite measurable. Question/suggestion -- of all of the myriad experiments that have been done on inducing bleaching by cranking up the temperature (which Steve Vogel aptly characterized as 'everybody's favorite abscissa'), how many have quantitatively controlled for or measured, much less experimentally varied, light dose and especially water motion at/near the organism's surface? Substantive answers solicited -- please send them to me as well as the server, since I only get around to sampling the contributions about once a week. Bob Buddemeier At 10:25 8/27/00 , Billy Causey wrote: >Ove and others, > >I am interested in your comments about the role of oxygen. For years I >have sounded like a broken >record, exclaiming that while hot water is one of the stressors leading to >coral bleaching, that I >suspect the slick-calm, doldrum weather patterns lead to a drop in >dissolved oxygen levels in the coral >reef environment, especially at night. I sometimes think we take the >level of dissolved oxygen on >coral reefs for granted .... and tend to not believe there could be a >significant enough change to >affect corals for example. > >During years when we have had severe bleaching in the Florida Keys, I have >observed reef fish respiring >very heavily .... in the middle of the day. So I have often suspected the >oxygen levels as being low >.... during "hot water" events ... even during daylight hours. > >Is it possible that the zooxanethellae, existing inside the coral polyp >tissue starts competing with >the coral polyp for oxygen at night ... when dissolved oxygen levels are >low anyway .... and something >has to give? Imagine ... day after day and night after night, during >periods of low mixing and natural >aeration of surface waters, the oxygen level drops below a threshold and >the coral polyp is in a state >of competing for oxygen with the zooxanethellae. > >Folks ... be kind to me! I am not a coral physiologist, in fact I wasn't >very good in biochemistry >.... just a coral reef manager with thousands of hours of observations >that make me think the coral >bleaching trigger and mechanisms are simpler than we realize. I am >curious about opinions on this >idea. > >Cheers, Billy Causey > >Ove Hoegh-Guldberg wrote: > > > Flow probably has some effect through the removal of some of the > feedback effects of the high oxygen > > tensions that occur during the daylight hours. If the increased > production of active oxygen after > > thermal stress (a'la Jones et al 1998, reviewed in Hoegh-Guldberg > 1999), then flow might have an > > ameliorating effect through the decreased boundary layer thickness and > hence oxygen tensions close > > to coral surfaces. > > > > Survival near rivers might be related to the decreased light stress due > to the higher turbidity of > > rivers. > > > > Just some ideas ... > > > > Cheers, > > > > Ove > > > > Professor Ove Hoegh-Guldberg > > Director, Centre for Marine Studies > > University of Queensland > > St Lucia, 4072, QLD > > > > Director, Heron, Stradborke and Low Isles Research Stations > > President, Australian Coral Reef Society > > > > Phone: +61 07 3365 4333 > > Fax: +61 07 3365 4755 > > Email: oveh at uq.edu.au > > http://www.marine.uq.edu.au/ohg/index.htm > > > > -----Original Message----- > > From: owner-coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov > > [mailto:owner-coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov]On Behalf Of Bruce Carlson > > Sent: Saturday, 26 August 2000 4:15 AM > > To: Bernard A. Thomassin; coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov > > Subject: Re: Julian Sprung's email. > > > > Bernard, > > > > Did you also notice that corals in areas with swift flowing water (usually > > from tides) also survived better than nearby reefs with low flows? I > > noticed this in Fiji on the shallow barrier reef of the University of the > > South Pacific, and in Palau near the lighthouse reef -- both are similar > > reef environments with strong laminar water flow (the water is shallow > > enough to stand up at mid-tide, but the current knocks you over -- I don't > > have a more precise current measurement). Why would flow rate matter? > > Perhaps there is something related to diffusion rates (which would increase > > in strong water flow) which offers some protection during bleaching???? If > > Ove is right about superoxides forming during warm water events, maybe this > > observation is relevant. > > > > Also, in Fiji, we noticed that reefs near river mouths also showed good > > survival rates. The outer barrier reefs in Palau and Fiji seemed to be hit > > the hardest. > > > > Bruce > > > > ----- Original Message ----- > > From: Bernard A. Thomassin > > To: > > Sent: Friday, August 25, 2000 6:30 AM > > Subject: Re: Julian Sprung's email. > > > > > > > > Jonathan.Kelsey at noaa.gov wrote : > > > > > > >-Are these generally accepted concepts? > > > >-Can one accurately assess coral mortality rates associated with a > > bleachin > > > >event after "a matter of just a few days"? > > > >-Are there quantitative studies showing that there is a greater > bleaching > > > >survival rate among corals in polluted waters versus those in > > non-polluted > > > >water? -Any comments and/or further discussion would be greatly > > appreciated. > > > > > > We will presented a poste about the subject at bali meeting. In Mayotte > > > Is., North Mozambique Channel, a huge bleaching occurred in 1998 spring > > > (end of summer season there) and most of 90 percent of the shallow coral > > of > > > the barrier reefs died. > > > Those corals that surveyed the best are from the muddy environnements in > > > bays, on fringing reef fronts and patches, even the harbour !why ? > Because > > > the corals living in oceanic cooler waters of the barrier reef belt (170 > > km > > > long) are less adapted to tolerate hot waters and high level of light > > (some > > > got "sun burns" as table acroporas). In opposite population of corals > > (same > > > species) living in neritic coastal waters, in inner areas of the lagoon, > > > are genetically more adapted to tolerate : high temperature, turbid > waters > > > after rainfalls, even falls of salinity. Today in Mayotte, probably the > > > recovering ibn coral of the mid-lagoon patch reefs (recruitement) is due > > to > > > larvae coming from these coastal coral populations. These is one of the > > > main reasons to protect these "special" reefs in muddy environments from > > > all the effects of coastal works (marinas, dredgings, infilling of > > littoral > > > for roads, etc...). > > > > > > This is a good way for researches.. and from where larvae that > recruit are > > > coming. > > > > > > Bernard A. Thomassin > > > Directeur de recherches au C.N.R.S. > > > > > > G.I.S. "Lag-May" > > > (Groupement d'Int=E9r=EAt Scientifique Environnement marin et littoral de > > > Mayotte") > > > & Centre d'Oceanologie de Marseille, > > > Station Marine d'Endoume, > > > rue de la Batterie des Lions, > > > 13007 Marseille > > > 9l. (33) 04 91 0416 17 > > > 9l. GSM 06 63 14 91 78 > > > fax. (33) 04 91 04 16 35 (0 l'attention de...) > > > e-mail : thomassi at sme.com.univ-mrs.fr > > > > > > > > > > >-- >Billy D. Causey, Superintendent >Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary >PO Box 500368 >Marathon, FL 33050 >Phone (305) 743.2437, Fax (305) 743.2357 >http://www.fknms.nos.noaa.gov/ > Robert W. Buddemeier Kansas Geological Survey University of Kansas Lawrence, KS 66047 USA tel: (785) 864-2112 fax: (785) 864-5317 email: buddrw at kgs.ukans.edu From Ron.Hill at noaa.gov Mon Aug 28 17:39:49 2000 From: Ron.Hill at noaa.gov (Ron Hill) Date: Mon, 28 Aug 2000 16:39:49 -0500 Subject: [Fwd: Another great contribution of aquaculture practices!!] Message-ID: <39AADC25.33F88B6C@noaa.gov> This message from the fish-sci list is worth passing on to the coral-list. I was trying to compose a response to the question about the culture of exotic corals near the Red Sea and the danger of releasing non-native corals in the surrounding area when this came across my computer screen. It is exactly the point I wanted to make...about the adaptability of species and the fallibility of our safeguards. The Atlantic Salmon farmed on the west coast are supposed to be contained throughout their lives and never released - they have escaped. They were not supposed to venture into fresh water -- they have. They were not supposed to be able to breed even if they did escape - there is every indication that there are now breeding populations and the impacts on native salmon and trout are yet to be determined. This same scenario (mistake) has been repeated over and over. When are we going to learn that the only environmentally friendly aquaculture means native species only when there is even the most remote possibility of escape? ron -------- Original Message -------- Subject: Another great contribution of aquaculture practices!! Date: Mon, 28 Aug 2000 13:45:08 -0700 From: Paulo Petry Reply-To: Scientific forum on fish and fisheries To: FISH-SCI at SEGATE.SUNET.SE >From http://www.adn.com/metro/story/0,2633,189630,00.html Also see http://www.enn.com/news/enn-stories/2000/06/06072000/wildsalmon_13647.asp for a good article dealing with a researcher's documentation of the occurrence of Atlantics in BC. ------ ATLANTIC SALMON CATCHES WORRY FISH AND GAME The Associated Press (Published August 27, 2000) Ketchikan -- Commercial fishermen in Southeast Alaska have caught more than 20 Atlantic salmon, raising concerns that the farmed salmon will spread disease to wild species. All the Atlantic salmon were caught south of Ketchikan, some in the Tree Point area, said Phil Doherty, an Alaska Department of Fish and Game biologist for commercial fishing. "This is a real problem," Doherty said, pointing to the six, 10- to 12-pound Atlantic salmon spread out in the conference room Friday at Ketchikan's Fish and Game office. Not only are the Atlantic salmon a threat to Pacific salmon because of competition for food in the open ocean, but they also carry a threat of disease. "The big problems are the diseases that these imported fish bring; from viruses to external parasites," he said. Two weeks ago, more than 35,000 farmed Atlantic salmon escaped from a pen in Johnstone Strait, off the northern tip of Vancouver Island. "Whether they are a part of the 35,000 that spilled out of that farm a few days ago, I don't know," Doherty said. "It seems like a lot of water to cover in such a short time, but they are showing up in Southeast [Alaska]." It was once believed that Atlantic salmon would not venture into freshwater, but several pen-reared salmon have been found in freshwater streams. In 1998, an Atlantic salmon was recovered north of Ketchikan at Ward Creek. The Atlantic salmon was sexually mature and had a mate that eluded capture. "If there's one here and there are thousands of freshwater streams in Southeast Alaska, it's very likely there are more in some of those streams," Doherty said. Unlike traditional hatcheries where the fish are released to grow in the seas, farmed Atlantic salmon are supposed to spend their entire life in captivity. Atlantic salmon, which resemble steelhead trout, stay alive after spawning, unlike Pacific salmon, Doherty said. Expansion of British Columbia's fish farm industry has been halted since 1995 when a moratorium was established. Doherty said Fish and Game hopes that the moratorium is not lifted. "We don't want to see fish farms as close as Prince Rupert [British Columbia]," he said. -- Jay DeLong Olympia, WA Best Fishes, Paulo fishnwine at psnw.com ><> ><> ><> ><> ><> ><> ><> ><> ><> ><> ><> ><> ><> ><> ><> ><> To leave the Fish-Sci list, Send blank message to: mailto:FISH-SCI-SIGNOFF-REQUEST at SEGATE.SUNET.SE Need help? Contact FISH-SCI-REQUEST at SEGATE.SUNET.SE ><> ><> ><> ><> ><> ><> ><> ><> ><> ><> ><> ><> ><> ><> ><> ><> From delbeek at hawaii.edu Mon Aug 28 20:03:03 2000 From: delbeek at hawaii.edu (J. Charles Delbeek) Date: Mon, 28 Aug 2000 14:03:03 -1000 Subject: [Fwd: Another great contribution of aquaculture practices!!] In-Reply-To: <39AADC25.33F88B6C@noaa.gov> Message-ID: On Mon, 28 Aug 2000, Ron Hill wrote: > This message from the fish-sci list is worth passing on to the > coral-list. I was trying to compose a response to the question about > the culture of exotic corals near the Red Sea and the danger of > releasing non-native corals in the surrounding area when this came > across my computer screen. It is exactly the point I wanted to > make...about the adaptability of species and the fallibility of our > safeguards. The Atlantic Salmon farmed on the west coast are supposed > to be contained throughout their lives and never released - they have > escaped. They were not supposed to venture into fresh water -- they > have. They were not supposed to be able to breed even if they did > escape - there is every indication that there are now breeding > populations and the impacts on native salmon and trout are yet to be > determined. Mmmm .. .shades of the book Jurassic Park! Aloha! Charles From jnbio98 at usa.net Wed Aug 30 00:17:11 2000 From: jnbio98 at usa.net (jesse) Date: 29 Aug 00 20:17:11 PST Subject: calcification rate anyone? Message-ID: <20000829121711.17245.qmail@nwcst285.netaddress.usa.net> greetings! can anyone tell me the calcification rate of a tropical reef? i need this information for my current study on bioerosion. i have difficulty acquiring such info. i would also appreciate any reprints about bioerosion in tropical reefs. thank you very much. regards, jesse jesse neil c. bongalo department of biology university of san carlos cebu city 6000 philippines email: jnbio98 at usa.net ____________________________________________________________________ Get free email and a permanent address at http://www.netaddress.com/?N=1 From gjgast at tropicbird.fol.nl Tue Aug 29 14:20:30 2000 From: gjgast at tropicbird.fol.nl (gjgast at tropicbird.fol.nl) Date: Tue, 29 Aug 2000 18:20:30 GMT Subject: CITES and breeding Message-ID: <200008291820.SAA72747@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> Dear all, Recently we have seen interesting contributions on the list on CITES and breeding of corals. Here I will try to clarify a few points as I understand them to be and raise a few other questions. The information is based on my own experience with the CITES legislation and the Dutch CITES homepages (info is also available at http://www.cites.org ). I hope that members with experience or contacts in CITES enforcing bodies may be able to correct possible misunderstandings and produce some answers. CITES stands for Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of wild flora and fauna. It is an international treaty designed to protect threatened animals and plants by reducing the transport of organisms taken from the wild to other countries. In the CITES legislation organisms are classified in 3 categories depending on how endangered they are thought to be. Category I: all trade completely forbidden for organisms from the wild (e.g. whales, gorillas, lions, elephants, etc.). Permits can be given for individuals bred in captivity. An export permit is needed at the one end and an import permit at the other. Category II: Trade is allowed, but restricted (all hard corals, most soft corals, snakes, crocodiles, etc.). Import and export permits are needed. Numbers are restricted depending on the abundance so that sufficient individuals remain for the natural population to survive. Category III: Trade is allowed and monitored. Only export permit needed. CITES only concerns trade or transport between countries. You would not have to deal with CITES to send corals from Hawaii to any other US state or within the European Union. However, countries or states may have other laws to further protect wildlife. As I understand from Charles, Hawaii has its own laws regulating trade or transport from and to Hawaii. Hence, you need a different permit from Hawaii authorities. Other laws or regulations may apply as well. The Netherlands law forbids private individuals to have apes and large cats in their possession. Only zoo's, universities, etc. can get a permit. Another example is the law at Curacao, which forbids one to break off, remove, sell, buy, process, deliver or transport corals from Curacao waters. Some sort of equivalent laws are in place in many other countries. CITES applies to all corals in all countries that have rectified the convention. There is no difference between Caribbean, Red Sea or Indo-Pacific corals. CITES does not only apply to whole living individuals, but also to dead bodies or parts of organisms. Obviously, trade in elephant tusks and rhino horns has been the problem behind this decision. So CITES applies to coral skeletons, this so called "live rock" (isn't that a contradictio interminis???) and jewels made out of black and blood coral. By the way, CITES regulations also apply to coral larvae (don't know why). CITES was designed for trade. We scientists often do not sell corals, but we take them to our own lab or give them collegues for research purposes. CITES still applies. However, non- commercial trade or transport for scientific studies is recognised and permitted. Scientific institutions can have themselves registered as such with the CITES authorities. The benefit of this is that exchange is made much easier. You get a pile of preprinted registration cards in advance. You fill in names and addresses of sender and receiver as well as the contents of the package. Glue the card on the package and send it away. No need to arrange import and export permits in advance. The limitation is that this only works between registered institutions, but it certainly helps to be one. Hope this helps to a clearer picture on CITES. Now to breeding. Trade in individuals bred in captivity is no problem. For example, in your zoo you have lion Bill and lioness Monica. By some kind of miracle one morning you find a litter with kittens Al and George. Once you get the paperwork right, you have no problem to export George to a zoo in Moskow and Al to another in Tokyo. Likewise, hobbyists exchange parrots, cockatoos, snakes, lizards, etc. bred and raised in cages in their homes. Yes, David, export and import of bred corals is certainly allowed under the CITES regulations. I do, however, see a little problem: What is bred coral? The example above with names has another reason than trying to be funny. My impression is that the CITES legislation was written with large organisms in mind (mammals, birds, etc.). Trade, transport and place of birth can easily be established for such individuals. Al and George were born from known parents in a zoo and they will stay in captivity their whole life (at least one would hope so). Reproductive things are not so simple with corals, as we all know. One way to propagate corals is by fragmentation. Obviously, the genet / ramet question raises its ugly head. Does CITES recognise genetic individuals or separate colonies as individuals for which permits are needed? As with the Bill and Monica example above, one would be safe to have parent colonies in aquarium (local laws permitting) and sell possible offspring. The baby corals would be bred in captivity. Things get vaguer when one takes corals from the reef to produce offspring by some sort of IVF. As the babies would still be bred in captivity, I think that this is still okay under CITES. Right? One step further from captivity is the procedure with plates (used in COREMAP for example). Plates are put in water, spat settles and the desired corals are grown by removing the wrong ones. Common sense would say "no problem", because there is so much spat drifting around and one does not harm the existing reef. But imagine a bunch of lawyers having a party on this one in court (where common sense blew out of the window a long time ago). These corals were definitely not bred in captivity. Wild larvae (to which CITES applies) were captured on the plates and removed from the water. They could have settled on the reef (stolen opportunity, right?). If trade in colonies growing on plates is allowed, this would also hold for corals growing on other anthropogenic artificial structures such as pipes, dams, piers, jetties, cars, boats, ships, waterscooters, pontoons, cannons, oil drums, chairs, bottles, wood, anchors and all those other beauties I've seen underwater. Another question arises when one puts the fragments or baby corals back on the reef to let them grow up and collect them when they are large enough to sell. They were bred in captivity, but reared in the wild. Are these wild animals or not????? David on your other questions: 1. Yes, I believe that propagation in captivity of corals could replace the trade in wild corals chopped off from reefs. Furthermore, I hope that the CITES authorities will stop all import permits for wild corals when sufficient cultured ones are available. 2. The issue of xenobionts (foreign creatures) is a very interesting one. One could have an interesting philosophical discussion whether the Caribbean would be a more interesting area after invasion by a bunch of more flashy Red Sea and Pacific corals. But this is not the way we deal with nature. There are too many examples of disasters, such as the salmon story sent before. One can also think of cane toads and rabbits in Australia, ciclids in African lakes, sparrows and rats all over the globe, etc. etc.. Sometimes scientists think it is safe, but apparently they forgot Murphy's law. The things always break out sooner or later. Maybe one could safely grow foreign corals in a completely closed artificial seawater system, so that larvae can not escape. Such a system would be very expensive. The way to breed corals from different area's would be to set up coral farms in each area. Hence, one in the Carib for those corals, one near your place for Red Sea corals, one in Oz for GBR corals, etc.. Anybody happening to have a few loose millions? My two cents. Have a good one, GJ. =============================================== Dr. Gert Jan Gast Oostelijke Handelskade 31 1019BL Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Phone int 31 (0)20 4198607 Please use for large attachments and if you happen to know I am abroad. From JKoven at aol.com Tue Aug 29 16:11:09 2000 From: JKoven at aol.com (JKoven at aol.com) Date: Tue, 29 Aug 2000 16:11:09 EDT Subject: No Subject Message-ID: <57.a8afe53.26dd72dd@aol.com> The corals on Fiji?s Astrolabe Reefs appear to have fared somewhat better during the widespread bleaching event reported on by Dick Murphy, Ed Lovell and Bruce Carlson. Half of all specimens counted there were alive and unbleached a month after the SST?s had lowered. I suggest that this is due to fewer anthropogenic influences (inhabitants of the islands within the lagoon are counted in hundreds, not thousands) and their location amid ocean currents unmitigated by any large land mass. Except for the area around Kadavu, the only high island, there is not a lot of fresh water run-off into the lagoon and there are virtually no farm-based nutrients. It does not explain why often 1 of 2 or more specimens of the same species occurring side by side was bleached and the other not. In late May and early June I assessed the extent of coral bleaching on the Great and North Astrolabe Reefs in Fiji. The northern most parts of these reefs are located 30 -35 NM south of Suva, below the Beqa reefs but still well within the range of the higher SST?s that occurred from Feb-April. The survey included sites inside the lagoon and relatively close to the inhabited Dravuni Island as well as those outside the reefs and at a remote windward corner of the North Reef which is rarely visited/fished. General observations: As reported by others, most of the bleaching was within the first 25 M although there were some very large completely bleached specimens of Montastrea and Montipora near the first bench at 27 M, on the leeward side. Some very large (3-4 M high and wide) Porites colonies in alleys behind the outer reef pinnacles were bleached. Bleaching was rare between 27 and 40 M and almost non-existant below that. 34% of the corals in the lagoon of the Great Astrolabe Reef were bleached - 17% had died recently and were already covered by blue-green algae. 26% of corals on the leeward side of the GAR and windward on the North Reef were currently bleached with another 20% recently dead. Among the Acropora 16% of those in the lagoon were bleached but 33% had died recently and were over-grown by blue-greens. As Bruce Carlson reported, the smaller specimens (>10 cm) were unaffected. Some of the large Acropora robusta and formosa specimens in the lagoon exhibited the ?shade effect? mentioned by Bruce with the underside of branches appearing normal, the upperside bleached. Only 9% of Acroporids outside the lagoon were bleached but 28% had died recently. The Seriatopora were almost entirely wiped out - in 60 dives I saw only one live specimen. On the survey sites all of them had bleached, died and been covered by blue-greens. Stylenocoellia and Symphyllia., both with a small number of representatives, were either bleached or dead at these sites, but.were seen live elsewhere. Whereas in the past I had seen Millepora move in after the death of other corals, with bleaching their representation has been cut by nearly 65%. 43% of the Halimetra pileus specimens at a deep lagoon site were a brilliant fluorescent yellow with another 31% bleached or partially bleached. The normally hardy Diploastrea was never seen completely bleached but often bore a mottled appearance. In one case the outer 10 cm rim of a large colony was completely white. Lobophyllia colonies were also often mottled with individual corallites being bleached, completely unbleached or somewhere in between. Sinularia and Sarcophyton were almost all bleached, as were many anemone. Least affected were Achrelia, Anacropora, Euphyllia, Goniastrea, Goniopora/Alveopora, Pectinia, Turbinaria, Tubastrea. There was an outbreak of Acanthaster plancii on the crest of the North Astrolabe Reef with 35 specimens in one 300 square meter area along the crest - I have never seen that many in all of 12 years on these reefs. Although they were not that numerous in other areas of the reef this yar, there were more than ever seen before. From L.McCook at aims.gov.au Wed Aug 30 10:49:00 2000 From: L.McCook at aims.gov.au (Laurence McCook) Date: Wed, 30 Aug 2000 14:49:00 GMT Subject: New Book on physics-biology links on coral reefs Message-ID: <200008301449.OAA74692@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> Dr. Eric Wolanski, FSTE, has edited a new scientific book on physics-biology links in coral reefs and adjoining mangroves and seagrass. The book also deals with the implications for coastal, mangrove, seagrass and coral reef management. This will be published soon by CRC Press. The web address is http://www.crcpress.com/us/product.asp?sku=0833+++&dept%5Fid=1 Laurence McCook (Ph.D.) Research Scientist, Coral Reef Ecology, Australian Institute of Marine Science & The CRC: Reef Research, PMB 3 Townsville MC, Qld, 4810, Australia. Ph. 07 4753-4362 Fax 07 4772-5852 [in Australia] Ph. +61 7 4753-4362 Fax +61 7 4772-5852 [International] Email: L.McCook at AIMS.Gov.Au Research description at: http://www.reef.crc.org.au/4news/Exploring/feat17.html#1 From JKoven at aol.com Wed Aug 30 14:26:00 2000 From: JKoven at aol.com (JKoven at aol.com) Date: Wed, 30 Aug 2000 14:26:00 EDT Subject: prev. No subject= coral bleaching in Fiji Message-ID: <98.98b987e.26deabb8@aol.com> regret not to have titled report on Astrolabe Reefs' bleaching this year. You may have deleted it, as I would have, because it had no subject. The corals on Fiji?s Astrolabe Reefs appear to have fared somewhat better than those reported on by Dick Murphy, Ed Lovell and Bruce Carlson. Half of all specimens counted remained alive and unbleached a month after the SST?s had lowered. I suggest that this is due to fewer anthropogenic influences (inhabitants of the islands within the lagoon are counted in hundreds, not thousands) and their location amid ocean currents unmitigated by any large land mass. Except for the area around Kadavu, the only high island, there is not a lot of fresh water run-off into the lagoon and there are virtually no farm-based nutrients. It does not explain why often 1 of 2 or more specimens of the same species occurring side by side was bleached and the other not. In late May and early June I assessed the extent of coral bleaching on the Great and North Astrolabe Reefs in Fiji. The northern most parts of these reefs are located 30 -35 NM south of Suva, below the Beqa reefs but still well within the range of the higher SST?s that occurred from Feb-April. The survey included sites inside the lagoon and relatively close to the inhabited Dravuni Island as well as those outside the reefs and at a remote windward corner of the North Reef which is rarely visited/fished. General observations: As reported by others, most of the bleaching was within the first 25 M although there were some very large completely bleached specimens of Montastrea and Montipora near the first bench at 27 M, on the leeward side. Some very large (3-4 M high and wide) Porites colonies in alleys behind the outer reef pinnacles were bleached. Bleaching was rare between 27 and 40 M and almost non-existant below that. 34% of the corals in the lagoon of the Great Astrolabe Reef were bleached - 17% had died recently and were already covered by blue-green algae. 26% of corals on the leeward side of the GAR and windward on the North Reef were currently bleached with another 20% recently dead. Among the Acropora 16% of those in the lagoon were bleached but 33% had died recently and were over-grown by blue-greens. As Bruce Carlson reported, the smaller specimens (>10 cm) were unaffected. Some of the large Acropora robusta and formosa specimens in the lagoon exhibited the ?shade effect? mentioned by Bruce with the underside of branches appearing normal, the upperside bleached. Only 9% of Acroporids outside the lagoon were bleached but 28% had died recently. The Seriatopora were almost entirely wiped out - in 60 dives I saw only one live specimen. On the survey sites all of them had bleached, died and been covered by blue-greens. Stylenocoellia and Symphyllia., both with a small number of representatives, were either bleached or dead at these sites, but.were seen live elsewhere. Whereas in the past I had seen Millepora move in after the death of other corals, with bleaching their representation has been cut by nearly 65%. 43% of the Halimetra pileus specimens at a deep lagoon site were a brilliant fluorescent yellow with another 31% bleached or partially bleached. The normally hardy Diploastrea was never seen completely bleached but often bore a mottled appearance. In one case the outer 10 cm rim of a large colony was completely white. Lobophyllia colonies were also often mottled with individual corallites being bleached, completely unbleached or somewhere in between. Sinularia and Sarcophyton were almost all bleached, as were many anemone. Least affected were Achrelia, Anacropora, Euphyllia, Goniastrea, Goniopora/Alveopora, Pectinia, Turbinaria, Tubastrea. There was an outbreak of Acanthaster plancii on the crest of the North Astrolabe Reef with 35 specimens in one 300 square meter area along the crest - I have never seen that many in all of 12 years on these reefs. Although they were not that numerous in other areas of the reef this yar, there were more than ever seen before. From George.Schmahl at noaa.gov Wed Aug 30 19:08:57 2000 From: George.Schmahl at noaa.gov (George Schmahl) Date: Wed, 30 Aug 2000 17:08:57 -0600 Subject: Coral Spawning Report Message-ID: <39AD93E5.4DE42AF0@noaa.gov> It seems that a bunch of question marks got imbedded in my previous message about coral spawning. Here is how it was supposed to look: Coral spawning report - Flower Garden Banks, Northwest Gulf of Mexico - August 2000 Researchers, resources managers, and recreational divers witnessed the spectacular event of the annual mass coral spawning at the Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary during the evenings of August 21-23, 2000. Details of the spawning are as follows: (Times given are Central Standard Time) August 21, 2000 (7th night after the August full moon) - East Flower Garden Bank, 60-80' depth 2000 (or earlier) - 2220hrs - Diploria strigosa 2030 (or earlier) - 2130(+) hrs - Montastraea cavernosa males 2055-2200 hrs - M. cavernosa females 2145-2230 - M. franksii 2220-2300 - Stephanocoenia intercepta males 2230-2300 - S. intercepta females 2300-2330 - M. faveolata August 22, 2000 - East Flower Garden Bank 2030 (or earlier) - - D. strigosa 2200 - - M. franksii 2230 - ? - S. intercepta males 2230 - ? - S. intercepta females 2300-2330 - M. faveolata August 23, 2000 - West Flower Garden Bank 2030 - 2110 - Colpophyllia natans (not many colonies) Other spawning species observed: August 21, 2000 Ophioderma rubicundum - ruby brittle star (evening) Spirobranchus giganteus - Christmas tree worms (evening) Ectyoplasia ferox - volcano (or octopus) sponge - males (day) - Note: females had extruded eggs around 8/17, and eggs were still present on many colonies. This is the first documented sighting of sperm release at the Flower Garden Banks (eggs had been observed in previous years). August 22, 2000 2030-2100 - O. rubicundum - ruby brittle stars - males 2100 - 2110 - O. rubicundum - ruby brittle stars - females No interaction noted between males and females. Approximately 100 individuals were observed in one dive on top of coral heads - up to 5 individuals per head. Ectyoplasia ferox - volcano sponge - male (day) - see note above. August 23, 3000 O. rubicundum - ruby brittle star (evening) 2030 - 2100 - unidentified large orange/red brittle stars 60 -70 individuals were observed, multiple individuals per head. Observed multiple males on one coral head or one female interacting/interlocking with one male. Males hold arms up in water when spawning. In both species of brittle stars, females raise up on tentacles and convulse as red eggs are released. G.P. Schmahl & Emma Hickerson (FGBNMS) with assistance from Dr. Peter Vize and Derek Hagman (University of Texas) -- G.P. Schmahl Sanctuary Manager National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary 216 W. 26th Street, Suite 104 Bryan, TX 77803 ***NOTE NEW AREA CODE!*** (979) 779-2705 (979) 779-2334 (fax) george.schmahl at noaa.gov http://www.flowergarden.nos.noaa.gov From jamaluddin.jompa at jcu.edu.au Wed Aug 30 21:12:15 2000 From: jamaluddin.jompa at jcu.edu.au (Jamaluddin Jompa) Date: Thu, 31 Aug 2000 11:12:15 +1000 Subject: Julian Sprung's email. In-Reply-To: <39A66C07.472F58FE@noaa.gov> References: <200008250112_MC2-B0EA-4C05@compuserve.com> Message-ID: <3.0.5.32.20000831111215.009e9b40@pop.jcu.edu.au> Dear Jonathan Kelsey and Coral listers, I am interested in your suggestion on the possibility of macroalgal shading in reducing the effect of bleaching on corals (point 2 below). During the 1998 mass coral bleaching event, on the inshore reefs of the GBR, we observed relatively lower rate of bleached corals in control plots where macroalgal (mainly Sargassum)canopy were left intact (dense and ~ 1 m high) compared to plots where the canopy had been experimentally removed. I would be pleased to hear more information about this phenomenon. The preliminary result can be seen on http://www.gbrmpa.gov.au/corp_site/info_services/publications/reef_research/ issue2_98/2seaweeds.html Best regard, Jamal At 08:52 25/08/00 -0400, Jonathan Kelsey wrote: >Coral Listers, >I am very interested further discussion of these theories raised in Mr. >Sprung's email: > >1.) "Mass coral bleaching and subsequent coral death has nothing whatsoever to >do with starvation. Nor is water pollution a factor. It is simply hot water and >light that combined do the damage. The corals in a hot spot may bleach and die >in a matter of just a few days. Corals don't starve so quickly." > >2.) "Also, when you find survivors of bleaching events they tend to be in more >polluted (nutrient rich) habitats. That can be explained at least partly by the >fact that these habitats have lower light penetration due to turbidity and may >also have shading caused by growths of macroalgae." > >-Are these generally accepted concepts? >-Can one accurately assess coral mortality rates associated with a bleaching >event after "a matter of just a few days"? >-Are there quantitative studies showing that there is a greater bleaching >survival rate among corals in polluted waters versus those in non-polluted >water? >-Any comments and/or further discussion would be greatly appreciated. > > From seshserebiah at hotmail.com Thu Aug 31 13:30:28 2000 From: seshserebiah at hotmail.com (sesh serebiah) Date: Thu, 31 Aug 2000 13:30:28 IST Subject: message from sesh,India Message-ID: Dear sir I am introducing myself as a research scholar working in the mangrove habitat with its associated fauna in Gulf of Kachchh, India. According to the information in internet about the polycheate and meiofauna, I am very much having thrust to contact you. My main focus is in meiofauna and benthic faunal assemblage. But I am frequently stood in the problem of identifying the meiofauna. My country have seems to be very poor work and getting the ID key is very difficult from those sparsely delicates. In this regard I would be very grateful if you could send the minimum possible materials. Apart from if you have any publication related with mangrove benthic macro and meio fauna, please send it me. I will be expecting your voluble encouragement in my endeavor. Please inform if any other related workshop/ symposium /seminar in related to mangrove macro meiofauna. Thanking you sesh serebiah Gujarat institute of desert ecology patwadinaka Bhuj Kachchh (DT) India _________________________________________________________________________ Get Your Private, Free E-mail from MSN Hotmail at http://www.hotmail.com. Share information about yourself, create your own public profile at http://profiles.msn.com. From gidw at post.tau.ac.il Thu Aug 31 12:47:52 2000 From: gidw at post.tau.ac.il (gidon winters) Date: Thu, 31 Aug 2000 18:47:52 +0200 Subject: mortality in the coral trade Message-ID: <39AE8C38.8410CFC6@post.tau.ac.il> Hi to all from the Red Sea in Israel regarding coral trade, does anyone know/have any info on the percent of corals (out of the total harvested) that die during the transport (from harvesting site to the "shipping", storage or warehouse site) stage ? death due to desiccation, mis handling etc... Thanks Winters Gidon Inter University Institute, Eilat (the Red Sea) Israel From BobFenner at aol.com Thu Aug 31 12:54:53 2000 From: BobFenner at aol.com (BobFenner at aol.com) Date: Thu, 31 Aug 2000 12:54:53 EDT Subject: mortality in the coral trade Message-ID: <40.546679.26dfe7dd@aol.com> In a message dated 8/31/00 9:22:41 AM Pacific Daylight Time, gidw at post.tau.ac.il writes: << Subj: mortality in the coral trade Date: 8/31/00 9:22:41 AM Pacific Daylight Time From: gidw at post.tau.ac.il (gidon winters) Sender: owner-coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov To: coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov Hi to all from the Red Sea in Israel regarding coral trade, does anyone know/have any info on the percent of corals (out of the total harvested) that die during the transport (from harvesting site to the "shipping", storage or warehouse site) stage ? death due to desiccation, mis handling etc... Thanks Winters Gidon Inter University Institute, Eilat (the Red Sea) Israel >> Numbers are highly variable (regionally-further/longer haul times, seasonally-warmer months higher, supplier/vendor rating-A,B,other...) and though not entirely anecdotal, a matter of propriety (i.e. industry secrets). Of the "A" players (QM in L.A., SDC in L.A., TMC in the UK, WSI out of Fiji, and few others) the landed mortality ("rules" vary in the trade for claims), averages something around 10% (historical survivability within three days being the reciprocal...) with a std. dev. of 6% or so... For "B" enterprises these numbers are much higher (but unknown quantitatively to me, associates, perhaps to all)... but I would hazard a guess at easily twice the number lost and much higher than twice the dev. Lastly, the "other" category of small time transshippers, wholesaler/jobbers and direct importers/break-pack retailers and "hobby farms" trying to be businesses, incidental mortality and variability are highest... with probably half of all new arrivals DOA within three days and a 30 some % variability in the apparent quality of shipments. Related (albeit once again anecdotal) information should be volunteered re the preponderance of business (pieces, mass of organisms traded) by these respective "scored" business types (i.e. A,B,C). The vast majority (I'd hazard 80%) of what the trade considers "corals" (scleractinians, alcyonaceans, gorgonians, zoanthids, corallimorphs, some "hard" hydrozoans... but not actinarians), make their way through the hands of the secondary ("B") distributors... an artifact of current disposition by consumers (i.e. an economic expedient). Much more on the latter, or any aspect of the ornamental trade on/off line if the list is interested in my input. Bob/Robert Fenner, a person in the business (as a "consultant" and content provider nowadays) for many years. From gregorh at ucla.edu Thu Aug 31 13:17:59 2000 From: gregorh at ucla.edu (Gregor Hodgson) Date: Thu, 31 Aug 2000 17:17:59 GMT Subject: New Home For Reef Check! Message-ID: <200008311717.RAA75747@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> 1) We are very pleased to announce that Reef Check has moved headquarters to UCLA. Please update your address books, and send all future correspondence to the new address and contact numbers given below. Reef Check Institute of the Environment 1652 Hershey Hall 149607 University of California at Los Angeles Los Angeles, CA 90095-1496 USA Office Tel: 310-206-9193 Direct 310-794-4985 Fax: 310-825-9663 Email: rcheck at ucla.edu Website: www.ReefCheck.org 2) Keith Kei will continue to man our Reef Check Foundation office in Hong Kong and all the old numbers and addresses will continue to function, so don't worry about lost messages or mail as they will be forwarded as needed. 3) As of September 1, Ladan Mohajerani will start as RC Operations Manager. Ladan is a marine biologist and divemaster with research interests in reef fish, and previously designed and implemented a volunteer kelp monitoring project in Santa Monica Bay. Ladan will be available to answer all your queries at 4) Note my new email -- Gregor Hodgson, PhD Director, Reef Check Foundation Visiting Professor, Institute of the Environment University of California at Los Angeles 1652 Hershey Hall 149607 Los Angeles, CA 90095-1496 USA Office Tel: 310-206-9193 Direct 310-794-4985 Fax: 310-825-9663 ************************* Email: gregorh at ucla.edu Web: www.ReefCheck.org