Julian Sprung's email.

Bob Buddemeier buddrw at kgs.ukans.edu
Sun Aug 27 19:34:51 EDT 2000


Editorial comment -- only thing wrong with Billy Causey's note is the 
excessive modesty -- physiologist envy is a dangerous thing, and seldom 
warranted.

Water motion is greatly underrated.  Reef calcification is strongly linked 
to water motion, which I attribute to a trade-off in terms of saturation 
state -- with good flushing the non-advective, non-symbiotic calcifiers 
(which includes endoliths down to the bacterial level) can get the CO2 out 
of their boundary layers faster.  Algal symbiosis compensates to a 
substantial degree, but there's no free lunch -- something is always the 
limiting nutrient (or toxin).  With no motion and especially with high 
light, excess oxygen becomes a problem by day, oxygen depletion by 
night.  Which, in this age of microelectrodes, ought to be quite measurable.

Question/suggestion -- of all of the myriad experiments that have been done 
on inducing bleaching by cranking up the temperature (which Steve Vogel 
aptly characterized as 'everybody's favorite abscissa'), how many have 
quantitatively controlled for or measured, much less experimentally varied, 
light dose and especially water motion at/near the organism's surface?

Substantive answers solicited -- please send them to me as well as the 
server, since I only get around to sampling the contributions about once a 
week.

Bob Buddemeier

At 10:25 8/27/00 , Billy Causey wrote:
>Ove and others,
>
>I am interested in your comments about the role of oxygen.  For years I 
>have sounded like a broken
>record, exclaiming that while hot water is one of the stressors leading to 
>coral bleaching, that I
>suspect the slick-calm, doldrum weather patterns lead to a drop in 
>dissolved oxygen levels in the coral
>reef environment, especially at night.  I sometimes think we take the 
>level of dissolved oxygen on
>coral reefs for granted .... and tend to not believe there could be a 
>significant enough change to
>affect corals for example.
>
>During years when we have had severe bleaching in the Florida Keys, I have 
>observed reef fish respiring
>very heavily .... in the middle of the day.  So I have often suspected the 
>oxygen levels as being low
>.... during "hot water" events ... even during daylight hours.
>
>Is it possible that the zooxanethellae, existing inside the coral polyp 
>tissue starts competing with
>the coral polyp for oxygen at night ... when dissolved oxygen levels are 
>low anyway .... and something
>has to give?  Imagine ... day after day and night after night, during 
>periods of low mixing and natural
>aeration of surface waters, the oxygen level drops below a threshold and 
>the coral polyp is in a state
>of competing for oxygen with the zooxanethellae.
>
>Folks ... be kind to me!  I am not a coral physiologist, in fact I wasn't 
>very good in biochemistry
>.... just a coral reef manager with thousands of hours of observations 
>that make me think the coral
>bleaching trigger and mechanisms are simpler than we realize.  I am 
>curious about opinions on this
>idea.
>
>Cheers, Billy Causey
>
>Ove Hoegh-Guldberg wrote:
>
> > Flow probably has some effect through the removal of some of the 
> feedback effects of the high oxygen
> > tensions that occur during the daylight hours.  If the increased 
> production of active oxygen after
> > thermal stress (a'la Jones et al 1998, reviewed in Hoegh-Guldberg 
> 1999), then flow might have an
> > ameliorating effect through the decreased boundary layer thickness and 
> hence oxygen tensions close
> > to coral surfaces.
> >
> > Survival near rivers might be related to the decreased light stress due 
> to the higher turbidity of
> > rivers.
> >
> > Just some ideas ...
> >
> > Cheers,
> >
> > Ove
> >
> > Professor Ove Hoegh-Guldberg
> > Director, Centre for Marine Studies
> > University of Queensland
> > St Lucia, 4072, QLD
> >
> > Director, Heron, Stradborke and Low Isles Research Stations
> > President, Australian Coral Reef Society
> >
> > Phone:  +61 07 3365 4333
> > Fax:       +61 07 3365 4755
> > Email:    oveh at uq.edu.au
> > http://www.marine.uq.edu.au/ohg/index.htm
> >
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: owner-coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
> > [mailto:owner-coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov]On Behalf Of Bruce Carlson
> > Sent: Saturday, 26 August 2000 4:15 AM
> > To: Bernard A. Thomassin; coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
> > Subject: Re: Julian Sprung's email.
> >
> > Bernard,
> >
> > Did you also notice that corals in areas with swift flowing water (usually
> > from tides) also survived better than nearby reefs with low flows?  I
> > noticed this in Fiji on the shallow barrier reef of the University of the
> > South Pacific, and in Palau near the lighthouse reef -- both are similar
> > reef environments with strong laminar water flow (the water is shallow
> > enough to stand up at mid-tide, but the current knocks you over -- I don't
> > have a more precise current measurement).  Why would flow rate matter?
> > Perhaps there is something related to diffusion rates (which would increase
> > in strong water flow) which offers some protection during bleaching????  If
> > Ove is right about superoxides forming during warm water events, maybe this
> > observation is relevant.
> >
> > Also, in Fiji, we noticed that reefs near river mouths also showed good
> > survival rates.  The outer barrier reefs in Palau and Fiji seemed to be hit
> > the hardest.
> >
> > Bruce
> >
> > ----- Original Message -----
> > From: Bernard A. Thomassin <thomassi at com.univ-mrs.fr>
> > To: <coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
> > Sent: Friday, August 25, 2000 6:30 AM
> > Subject: Re: Julian Sprung's email.
> >
> > >
> > > Jonathan.Kelsey at noaa.gov wrote :
> > >
> > > >-Are these generally accepted concepts?
> > > >-Can one accurately assess coral mortality rates associated with a
> > bleachin
> > > >event after "a matter of just a few days"?
> > > >-Are there quantitative studies showing that there is a greater 
> bleaching
> > > >survival rate among corals in polluted waters versus those in
> > non-polluted
> > > >water? -Any comments and/or further discussion would be greatly
> > appreciated.
> > >
> > > We will presented a poste about the subject at bali meeting. In Mayotte
> > > Is., North Mozambique Channel, a huge bleaching occurred in 1998 spring
> > > (end of summer season there) and most of 90 percent of the shallow coral
> > of
> > > the barrier reefs died.
> > > Those corals that surveyed the best are from the muddy environnements in
> > > bays, on fringing reef fronts and patches, even the harbour !why ? 
> Because
> > > the corals living in oceanic cooler waters of the barrier reef belt (170
> > km
> > > long) are less adapted to tolerate hot waters and high level of light
> > (some
> > > got "sun burns" as table acroporas). In opposite population of corals
> > (same
> > > species) living in neritic coastal waters, in inner areas of the lagoon,
> > > are genetically more adapted to tolerate : high temperature, turbid 
> waters
> > > after rainfalls, even falls of salinity. Today in Mayotte, probably the
> > > recovering ibn coral of the mid-lagoon patch reefs (recruitement) is due
> > to
> > > larvae coming from these coastal coral populations. These is one of the
> > > main reasons to protect these "special" reefs in muddy environments from
> > > all the effects of coastal works (marinas, dredgings, infilling of
> > littoral
> > > for roads, etc...).
> > >
> > > This is a good way for researches.. and from where larvae that 
> recruit are
> > > coming.
> > >
> > > Bernard A. Thomassin
> > > Directeur de recherches au C.N.R.S.
> > >
> > > G.I.S. "Lag-May"
> > > (Groupement d'Int=E9r=EAt Scientifique Environnement marin et littoral de
> > > Mayotte")
> > > & Centre d'Oceanologie de Marseille,
> > > Station Marine d'Endoume,
> > > rue de la Batterie des Lions,
> > > 13007 Marseille
> > > 9l. (33) 04 91 0416 17
> > > 9l. GSM 06 63 14 91 78
> > > fax. (33) 04 91 04 16 35 (0 l'attention de...)
> > > e-mail : thomassi at sme.com.univ-mrs.fr
> > >
> > >
> > >
>
>--
>Billy D. Causey, Superintendent
>Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary
>PO Box 500368
>Marathon, FL 33050
>Phone (305) 743.2437, Fax (305) 743.2357
>http://www.fknms.nos.noaa.gov/
>

Robert W. Buddemeier
Kansas Geological Survey
University of Kansas
Lawrence, KS  66047 USA
tel: (785) 864-2112
fax: (785) 864-5317
email: buddrw at kgs.ukans.edu



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