From gjgast at tropicbird.fol.nl Fri Sep 1 16:27:49 2000 From: gjgast at tropicbird.fol.nl (GJ Gast) Date: Fri, 1 Sep 2000 16:27:49 +1:00 Subject: CITES: some answers Message-ID: <39AFD905.10534.1018732@localhost> A non-text attachment was scrubbed... Name: not available Type: text/enriched Size: 5004 bytes Desc: not available Url : http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/pipermail/coral-list-old/attachments/20000901/c0775ba0/attachment.bin From reef at bellsouth.net Fri Sep 1 13:30:41 2000 From: reef at bellsouth.net (WebMaster) Date: Fri, 01 Sep 2000 13:30:41 -0400 Subject: [Fwd: ACTION ALERT: Florida Fish Feeding Ban Final Vote!] Message-ID: <39AFE7C0.E2E59C4A@bellsouth.net> -------------- next part -------------- An embedded message was scrubbed... From: "Reef Relief" Subject: ACTION ALERT: Florida Fish Feeding Ban Final Vote! Date: 1 Sep 2000 13:22:07 -0000 Size: 11699 Url: http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/pipermail/coral-list-old/attachments/20000901/f28e88bd/attachment.mht From cuda at arches.uga.edu Fri Sep 1 21:54:33 2000 From: cuda at arches.uga.edu (Shane Paterson) Date: Fri, 1 Sep 2000 21:54:33 -0400 (EDT) Subject: Julian Sprung's email. In-Reply-To: <002701c00ec0$60bd43e0$22477aa6@waquarium.org> Message-ID: On Fri, 25 Aug 2000, Bruce Carlson wrote: > Bernard, > > Did you also notice that corals in areas with swift flowing water (usually > from tides) also survived better than nearby reefs with low flows? I > noticed this in Fiji on the shallow barrier reef of the University of the > South Pacific, and in Palau near the lighthouse reef -- both are similar > reef environments with strong laminar water flow (the water is shallow > enough to stand up at mid-tide, but the current knocks you over -- I don't > have a more precise current measurement). Why would flow rate matter? More anecdotal stuff along the same lines: One of the people running the MV _Moonlighting_ liveaboard dive boat in the Madang area of Papua New Guinea recently told me that the extensive bleaching that's lately been affecting Madang Lagoon isn't anywhere near as apparent around the islands further offshore. Current velocities in the passes and along the Madang barrier reef can be very high, but the more distant islands are known for having quite extreme currents. I don't know how different the water temperatures are at these sites, but I'd guess that those in the Lagoon are higher and water exchange would certainly be lower. Of course, then there are all of the other potential factors... Shane { { { { Shane Paterson Institute of Ecology University of Georgia Athens, Georgia 30602 USA e-mail: cuda at arches.uga.edu WWW: http://www.uga.edu/cuda }<))))))o> }<))))))o> }<))))))o> }<))))))o> From nick at tualang.unimas.my Fri Sep 1 23:07:01 2000 From: nick at tualang.unimas.my (Nicolas J. Pilcher) Date: Sat, 02 Sep 2000 11:07:01 +0800 Subject: Corals and human disturbance Message-ID: <3.0.1.32.20000902110701.007e8210@mailhost.unimas.my> Hi Folks: Could anybody point me in the correct direction for authoritative publications on corals and human disturbance, other than Bernart Salvat's (ed.) Human impacts on coral reefs. I am trying to make an updated listing of human impacts on coral reefs. My draft list is as below. Any comments, additions would be welcome. Thanks and regards, Nick Collection of corals Construction Jewelry Aquarium industry (including bringing corals to surface just to get the fish) Decoration Souvenirs Destructive Fishing Blast Fishing Cyanide Fishing Muro Ami Discharges Untreated sewage Abattoir refuse Petroleum hydrocarbons Drilling muds Refineries Oil Spills Industrial effluents Heavy metals Cooling brine Chlorinated effluents Radioactivity Cement dust Solid waste dumping Plastics, metal containers, wood, tyres, cars Construction Coastal reclamation Port development Dredging Deepening ports and navigation channels Direct churning of water by dredger propellers Direct coral removal Sedimentatation Construction of marinas (Saudi) Recreation Flipper damage Anchor damage Shipping and Port Activities Groundings Discharges Sewage Solid waste Bilge water Ballast water Fertilisers, phosphate, manganese and bauxite spills War Related Oil spills Target practice Development of military bases Indirect Global warming and bleaching Agricultural practices in the runoff of fertilisers and pesticides Logging and erosion in the form of sedimentation Nicolas J. Picher, PhD Shell Research Fellow Institute of Biodiversity and Environmental Conservation University Malaysia Sarawak 94300 Kota Samarahan Sarawak, Malaysia Tel. ++ 60 82 671000 Ext 181/257 Fax. ++ 60 82 671903 Email: nick at tualang.unimas.my From SMHoke at aol.com Sat Sep 2 03:53:15 2000 From: SMHoke at aol.com (SMHoke at aol.com) Date: Sat, 2 Sep 2000 03:53:15 EDT Subject: Corals & Human Disturbance Message-ID: <54.8dc6765.26e20beb@aol.com> Dr. Picher: Have a look at The State of the World, 1993 (Brown et al., 1993. ISBN: 0-393-30963-0). Chapter 3 is entitled "Reviving Coral Reefs." I found it to be an excellent and well researched overview of anthropogenic disturbances of reefs around the world. The State of the World, 2000 also appears to have some pertinent information on this topic, but I have not as yet read that one. S. Michael Hoke Graduate Student NSU Oceanographic Ctr. Dania, Florida - USA SMHoke at AOL.com From sjameson at coralseas.com Sat Sep 2 13:34:36 2000 From: sjameson at coralseas.com (Stephen C Jameson) Date: Sat, 2 Sep 00 13:34:36 -0400 Subject: Corals and human disturbance Message-ID: <200009021624.MAA16525@radagast.wizard.net> Dear Nicolas and other interested coral listers, Regarding: >Could anybody point me in the correct direction for authoritative >publications on corals and human disturbance, other than Bernart Salvat's >(ed.) Here are some web sites that will be helpful. - For the International Coral Reef Initiative "State of the Reefs" Report (Jameson et al. 1995) see: www.ogp.noaa.gov/misc/coral/sor/ - For the World Resources Institute "Reefs at Risk" report see: www.wri.org/indictrs/reefrisk.htm - For the latest (1998) Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network (GCRMN) report see: www.aims.gov.au/scr1998 - For the Reef Check (now part of the GCRMN) web site see: www.ReefCheck.org PS. For a concise summary of "US monitoring efforts" over the last 50 years see "Development of Biological Criteria for Coral Reef Ecosystem Assessment" (Jameson et al. 1998) at: www.epa.gov/owow/oceans/coral Best regards, Dr. Stephen C. Jameson, President Coral Seas Inc. - Integrated Coastal Zone Management 4254 Hungry Run Road, The Plains, VA 20198-1715 USA Office: 703-754-8690, Fax: 703-754-9139 Email: sjameson at coralseas.com Web Site: www.coralseas.com From szmanta at uncwil.edu Sat Sep 2 17:30:37 2000 From: szmanta at uncwil.edu (Alina M. Szmant) Date: Sat, 02 Sep 2000 17:30:37 -0400 Subject: FWD: New Scholarships for Spring 2001 in Marine Biology/Ecology Message-ID: <3.0.32.20000902173036.006d8360@pop.uncwil.edu> >Return-path: >Date: Fri, 01 Sep 2000 13:15:44 -0400 >From: "Mary L. Akers, ITME Student Affairs" >Subject: New Scholarships for Spring 2001 in Marine Biology/Ecology > >*************** > >The Institute for Tropical Marine Ecology is pleased to announce the >availability of a limited number of >scholarships for its Spring 2001 semester program in >Dominica. > >Thanks to our new Martina Kelly Memorial Grant, we are now able to offer up >to $ 3,000.00 off our already low regular tuition to qualifying students >with demonstrated financial need. This now makes us the lowest priced >marine semester abroad program in the Caribbean! > >Dominica (NOT the Dominica Republic) boasts lush tropical rainforests and >unspoiled emerald waters in which to study, experience, and conserve >nature's bounty. > >Consider all the benefits covered by your tuition: > >* 15 academic credit hours >* 5 courses in marine ecology and conservation >* 12 weeks full room and board >* 30 - 40 fully paid SCUBA/snorkeling excursions >* exciting guest lecturers >* sight seeing to Dominica's amazing Boiling Lake and other island attractions >* travel in and around Dominica >* intensive, hands-on training and field work >* the opportunity to be among the first to research >Dominica's vastly uncharted marine habitats >* participation in community outreach and environmental education > >To view our on-going research please visit our photo gallery >at http://www.itme.org > >Contact us for further information at admin at itme.org > >We look forward to hearing from you. > >Sincerely, > >Mary L. Akers >Student Affairs Coordinator / Admissions >Institute for Tropical Marine Ecology ITME >ITME Inc. >Roseau, Commonwealth of Dominica >West Indies > >Phone (767) 449 3725 >Fax (801) 504 4369 [web based] >admin at itme.org >http://www.itme.org > > ***************************************************************** Dr. Alina M. Szmant Center for Marine Science University of North Carolina at Wilmington One Marvin K. Moss Lane Wilmington NC 28409 TEL: (910)962-2362 FAX: (910)962-2410 email: szmanta at uncwil.edu ***************************************************************** From gusol423 at student.otago.ac.nz Tue Sep 5 17:48:37 2000 From: gusol423 at student.otago.ac.nz (Oliver Gussmann) Date: Wed, 6 Sep 2000 09:48:37 +1200 Subject: Pacific Science Congress 98/99 Proceedings? Message-ID: Hi there, Does anybody know if the invited talks at the PSA-Intercongress, Ecology and conservation of coral reef in the Pacific", 15-22 November, 1998, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, have been published in proceedings or elsewhere? I have the same question for the keynote addresses given at Pacific Science Congress 1999, Sydney, Australia Coral Reef and Fish Symposia. Any help would be greatly appreciated. Cheers, Oliver -- ____________________________________ Oliver A. Gussmann, PhD Student Department of Marine Science University of Otago P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand Fax: + 64-3-479-8336 Email: GUSOL423 at student.otago.ac.nz -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/pipermail/coral-list-old/attachments/20000906/b5f22ac3/attachment.html From cnidaria at earthlink.net Wed Sep 6 19:53:48 2000 From: cnidaria at earthlink.net (James M. Cervino) Date: Wed, 6 Sep 2000 19:53:48 -0400 Subject: Coral Nurseries for Reef Restoration Message-ID: >SPECIAL WORKSHOP ANNOUNCEMENT > >Biorock Coral Nurseries for Reef Restoration, Mariculture, and Shore >Protection >Pondok Sari Hotel, Pemuteran, Bali, Oct. 28-29, 2000 > >Tom Goreau, Wolf Hilbertz, Azeez Hakeem, Yos Amerta > >BIOROCK (Mineral Accretion) is the revolutionary simple low-cost >technology that is the ONLY method for growing solid limestone >artificial reefs, coral nurseries, breakwaters, and other structures >underwater using renewable energy. The growth rate of corals and >shellfish are increased many times faster than normal, accelerating >reef restoration even in badly damaged areas. This workshop provides >hands-on training in design, construction, and installation of >practical solutions to a wide variety of ecological restoration, >mariculture, fisheries, shore protection, construction, and global >climate change problems, directly from its inventors. > > PRELIMINARY SCHEDULE: >Saturday, Oct. 28 >8:00 Bus transportation leaves Nusa Dua for Pemuteran >12:00 Lunch >13:00 Opening (Pemuteran Village Mayor, Rep. of >Indonesian Ministry of Marine Affairs) >13:30 Introduction: state of Bali reefs (Amerta) >14:00 Slides and videos of past and ongoing projects (Hilbertz) >14:45 Principles of mineral accretion, applications to >coral nurseries, reef restoration, mariculture, > shore protection, and other projects (Goreau) >15:45 Maintenance and monitoring (Hakeem) >16:00 Dive and snorkeling trip to Bunbung Biorock Coral >Nursery and surrounding Pemuteran Protected Area >17:00 Design, construction, and wiring of a coral nursery structure >19:00 Dinner >20:00 Roundtable on the beach > >Sunday, Oct. 29 >08:00 Breakfast >09:00 Preparation of coral nursery structures >10:00 Installation of coral nursery structures >11:00 Attachment and maintenance of coral transplants >12:00 Lunch >13:00 Diving on dynamite and cyanide damaged reefs and >natural reef sites in the vicinity >15:00 Conclusions, policy questions, future project >planning, and wrap-up >16:00 Bus transportation leaves Pemuteran for Nusa Dua > >Fees: (Include transportation to and from Nusa Dua, meals, 1 night >hotel stay, and diving) >Fees will also be used to cover costs of materials and to >subsidize cost of local participants. Any surplus will be used >towards larger community-based reef restoration projects in the >Pemuteran area. > >Bali Fishermen (simultaneous translation from English into >Balinese or Bahasa Indonesia) FREE >Developing country NGOs, scientists, and divers > US$100 >NGOs, scientists, and divers from North America, Europe, Australia, >and Japan US$300 >Representatives from Funding Agencies > US$400 > >The workshop is sponsored by BALI WATERSPORTS AND DIVING >FEDERATION, BIOROCK INC., GLOBAL CORAL REEF ALLIANCE, SUN & SEA, & >THE VILLAGE OF PEMUTERAN, & Pemuteran hotels and dive shops >To register or obtain more details contact: goreau at bestweb.net, >saya at loxinfo.co. th, or yosbali at indosat.net.id -- *************************************** James M. Cervino PhD. Candidate Marine Science Dept. University of South Carolina Columbia, SC 29208 (803)996-6470 e-mail :cnidaria at earthlink.net *************************************** -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/pipermail/coral-list-old/attachments/20000906/54315faa/attachment.html From scip7318 at nus.edu.sg Wed Sep 6 22:29:33 2000 From: scip7318 at nus.edu.sg (Angela Dikou) Date: Thu, 7 Sep 2000 10:29:33 +0800 Subject: Identification guides for hard coral recruits ... Message-ID: <415039BB7DE8D011BC4600805F311E1603731845@exs25.ex.nus.edu.sg> Hello everybody, I am working on recruitment of hard corals in Singapore waters and I am looking for taxonomic identification guides (photos from Scanning Electron Microscopy and maybe some text). I am only aware of the English et al. 1997. Survey mannual for tropical marine resouces. However, the photographs available in this work are limited in number and probably just representative of some taxa. If you know who has such a database or where it is published, you would give me a great deal of help. Thank you very much. Angela Dikou Biological Sciences Dep. National University of Singapore 10 Kent Ridge Crescent Singapore 119260 From jcfrank at vm.sc.edu Thu Sep 7 03:06:38 2000 From: jcfrank at vm.sc.edu (James C. Frank) Date: Thu, 7 Sep 2000 03:06:38 -0400 Subject: Philippines and the aquarium trade... Message-ID: <007901c0189a$2b338200$3362fc81@sc.edu> Dear all- I'm writing because I need to establish contacts with NGOs and institutions for an integrated research project regarding the effects of the aquarium industry on natural ecosystems, and possibly involving some aspects of the localized socioeconomics of this issue. Any direct responses or contacting tips would be greatly appreciated. I can be reached directly via email: jcfrank at sc.edu In formulating a research topic, I came up with some questions: *What is presently being done in the Philippines to enhance collection practices for the benefit of the environment and the marine ornamental collectors? *What organizations and/or individuals are involved in the implimentation and development of better techniques? *What other countries presently supply the hobby? *Where does the Philippines rank in export mass among marine ornamental suppliers? ...Or are these numbers even counted by anyone? Thank you for any help that can be offered. -James C. Frank, The University of South Carolina Marine Science Program ><)));> ><)));> ><)));> ><)));> ><)));> ><)));> ><)));> ><)));> ><)));> James C. Frank Marine Science Major - The University of South Carolina Aquarist - Riverbanks Zoo, Columbia, SC Aquarist Intern - National Aquarium In Baltimore http://mudflat.geol.sc.edu/~jcfrank Jcfrank at sc.edu (803)544-1157 -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/pipermail/coral-list-old/attachments/20000907/a9cdd386/attachment.html From andrewbaird at ozemail.com.au Thu Sep 7 12:22:45 2000 From: andrewbaird at ozemail.com.au (andrew baird) Date: Thu, 7 Sep 2000 16:22:45 GMT Subject: Identification guides for hard coral recruits ... Message-ID: <200009071622.QAA98778@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> Dear Angela Sender: owner-coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov The SEMs you refer to in English et al. (1994) are based on the work of Dr Russ Babcock. A more extensive collection of Russ's SEM are presented in Babcock (1992). This work includes photos of representative juveniles, raised from known parents, of 11 of the 15 Families of scleractinian corals. Babcock's conclusion was that only 3 Familes have sufficient characteristics to enable unequivocal classification, the Acroporidae, the Pocilloporidae and the Poritiidae. This is the generally accepted level of resolution in the literature. Isoporan acroporids can also be distinguished early on because they are much larger at settlement than other acroporids. Recent work by Baird & Babcock (2000) demonstrates that within the Pocilloporidae the genera can be distinguished by the diameter of the primary coralite (I have included the abstract below). Dr Babcock, Dr Bette Willis, and I have continued this work and have now reared the larvae of 32 species from 20 genera in 13 Families of Indo-Pacific corals. We hope to have this work ready for publication very shortly. Babcock RC (1992) Measuring coral recruitment. In: Workshop on coral and fish recruitment. Report Number 7. Boliano Marine Laboratory, Marine Science Institute, University of the Philippines. ISBN 642 19281 2.=20 English et al. (1997) Ed. Survey manual for tropical marine resource. Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville 368p Baird & Babcock (2000) Morphological differences among three species of newly settled pocilloporid coral recruits. ABSTRACT: The study of the life history of corals is hampered by an inability to identify early recruits. In this study, the pattern of formation and morphology of the juvenile skeleton of three laboratory reared pocilloporids, Seriatopora hystrix, Stylophora pistillata and Pocillopora damicornis, was compared to determine whether they could be reliably distinguished. The pattern of skeleton formation, including the origin and structure of the septa, columella and corallite wall was similar in all species. Following the completion of the primary corallite wall after 4-5 days these species could be identified by differences in the diameter of the primary corallite. The mean diameter (=B1 SE) of each specie= s differed markedly: S. hystrix 400 =B1 2.7 mm, range 325-450 mm; S. pistillata 505 =B1 3.5 mm, range 400-550 mm; P. damicornis 697 =B1 7.5 mm, range 492-885 mm. Values for the primary corallite diameter overlapped in only 3 % of samples demonstrating the potential utility of this feature as a tool for classifying recruits obtained from the field. English S, Wilkinson C, Baker V (1994) Survey manual for tropical marine resources. In: (eds.) Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, p. 368 sincerely ANDREW BAIRD PHONE: AH 61 (0)2 9460 9958 14 GREENDALE ST BH 61 (0)2 9460 8249 GREENWICH NSW 2065 FAX 61 (2) 85885471 AUSTRALIA EMAIL : andrewbaird at ozemail.com.au From s96008249 at usp.ac.fj Fri Sep 8 11:49:56 2000 From: s96008249 at usp.ac.fj (s96008249 at usp.ac.fj) Date: Fri, 08 Sep 2000 08:49:56 -0700 Subject: enquiry Message-ID: <01JTXAK5MVGW001J6G@usp.ac.fj> Hi everybody, Could someone please pass on William Kiene's e-mail contact to me. He was in the Geology Department of ANU in 1992. I have some quieries about sea urchin's impact on corals to be sorted out with him in regards to a paper he wrote. Your help would be highly appreciated. Thanks, Subhashni Appana. From BobFenner at aol.com Fri Sep 8 10:54:27 2000 From: BobFenner at aol.com (BobFenner at aol.com) Date: Fri, 8 Sep 2000 10:54:27 EDT Subject: Coral color for aquarium specimens Message-ID: <58.64faa8.26ea57a3@aol.com> In a message dated 9/8/00 4:59:41 AM Pacific Daylight Time, S96007966 at student.usp.ac.fj writes: << Subj: Coral color for aquarium specimens Date: 9/8/00 4:59:41 AM Pacific Daylight Time From: S96007966 at student.usp.ac.fj (Ron Devine Vave) To: bobfenner at aol.com Hello Bob! I am a Postgraduate student in Marine science at the University of the South Pacific, in Fiji; wanting to undertake a Masters (MSc) by research next year (2001) and look into the colour and growth forms of corals for the aquarium and curio (ornamental) trade. Could you help me with the research methodology for this; maybe in the form of: [a] what factors to look at? [b] past research work in the same field? [c] people(s) who I could contact [d] how can color be maintained for aquarium corals? Thanking you in advance. Best regards from Fiji, Ron Devine Vave, Marine Studies Program, University of the South Pacific, Suva, Fiji Islands. >> From sale at uwindsor.ca Fri Sep 8 13:58:56 2000 From: sale at uwindsor.ca (sale at uwindsor.ca) Date: Fri, 8 Sep 2000 13:58:56 -0400 Subject: graduate and post-doctoral opportunities in fish ecology Message-ID: Colleagues, Please draw this announcement to the attention of pospective graduate students or post-docs. Research opportunities in recruitment ecology of fishes I am seeking up to three graduate students, and one post-doctoral to contribute to two research projects in my lab. The first project concerns recruitment ecology of walleye in Lake Erie, commenced this year, and can support two additional students. The second, concerns recruitment ecology of reef fishes in meso-america, will commence this winter, and will support two additional students plus a post-doc. While the projects are structured financially so that they will be most attractive to Canadians, I am interested in students of any nationality who have the necessary academic and non-academic skills. The post-doctoral position is also open to all nationalities, and is for three years. Non-academic skills for both projects include small boat experience. The reef fish project also requires SCUBA experience, and students or post-docs with some conversational Spanish will also be favored. The walleye recruitment project is a multidisciplinary project including a microchemist (Dr. Brian Fryer) and a molecular geneticist (Dr. Brian Dixon) as well as three ecologists (myself, Dr. Tim Johnson from Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, and Dr. Tom Pratt, Post-doc on the project). Walleye breed in a number of locations within Lake Erie and in its tributary rivers, but the fish subsequently mix extensively within the lake. Our project seeks to improve capacity for fisheries management by determining the relative importance of different spawning grounds. We plan to discriminate fish produced on different spawning grounds in the lake or in tributary rivers, and to assess the relative success of recruits derived from different grounds. There is a broad range of possible research topics within the project, including ones that focus on use of microchemical analyses of fish otoliths, or of molecular immunogenetics to provide natural tags identifying fish origins. Walleye are the most important fish in Lake Erie, supporting a major recreational fishery on both sides of the border, and the largest commercial freshwater fishery (in economic value) in the world, on the Canadian side of the border. Funding is secure for three years with possibility of renewal. The reef fish project, ECONAR (Ecological CONnections Among Reefs), is also multidisciplinary, including a microchemist (Fryer), two molecular geneticists (Dixon and Dr. Dan Heath), two coral reef ecologists (Dr. Bruce Hatcher, and myself), and two physical oceanographers (Drs. Barry Ruddick and Jinyu Sheng), plus two post-doctoral fellows and several students. The project is centered at University of Windsor but Dixon is at Univ. of Waterloo, and Hatcher, Ruddick and Sheng are at Dalhousie University. The project is designed to run collaboratively with a large international development project driven by CCAD and the World Bank, and involving Mexico, Belize, Guatemala, and Honduras, with the probable participation of a group of European scientists funded through the EU INCO-DEV program. ECONAR, itself, is funded by Canada for three years with possibility of renewal, and there will be opportunities for graduate students recruited to Windsor to focus on the ecological components, or on the molecular approaches being used. The goal of ECONAR is to characterize the extent of interconnection among reef fish communities on a regional scale, by examining patterns of larval recruitment, and applying several techniques to determine origins of larvae recruited to particular sites. This is one of the most important unanswered questions for our understanding of coral reef ecology, and for the effective management of marine protected areas and coral reef systems. The integration of ecological, molecular, and physical oceanographic methods, the international collaboration, and the fact that this project is being undertaken on a spatial scale measured in several hundreds of kilometers, make this a unique opportunity for talented students interested in tropical marine science. Both projects are outlined on my web-site: http://www.uwindsor.ca/Sale (tense is sensative, lower case s will not work) Interested persons should reply, sending a resume, a statement of interests and experience, an unofficial undergraduate record (list of courses taken, and grades obtained sufficient at this stage), a statement of long-term career goals, and the names and e-mail contacts for three individuals able to act as academic referees. I anticipate recruiting people by January 2001, although arrival in May 2001 is also possible. Peter F. Sale Professor of Biology, and Acting Director, Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research University of Windsor Windsor ON Canada N9B 3P4 519-253-3000, ext. 2727 519-971-3609 FAX sale at uwindsor.ca From BobFenner at aol.com Fri Sep 8 16:47:54 2000 From: BobFenner at aol.com (BobFenner at aol.com) Date: Fri, 8 Sep 2000 16:47:54 EDT Subject: Coral color for aquarium specimens Message-ID: <5c.6752c8.26eaaa7a@aol.com> In a message dated 9/8/00 1:11:22 PM Pacific Daylight Time, Eric Hugo writes: << Subj: Re: Coral color for aquarium specimens Date: 9/8/00 1:11:22 PM Pacific Daylight Time From: Eric Hugo To: Bob Fenner, S96007966 at student.usp.ac.fj Hi Bob and Ron: I have too many references on coral coloration to know where to start. One of the first questions I must ask is the actual color group you are looking at. The animal biochromes, the fluorescing proteins, and the pigmentation of the zooxanthellae are three very distinct groups all with their own factors. I would need to know this aspect and more about the study - i.e. a more concise version of the hypthesis and null hypothesis to be able to narrow it down to a reeasonable request I would also add that asking people like Walt, Noel, Dick, etc is asking for completely anecdotal advice, as are the comments on iodine, alkalinity, protein skimming etc. Water quality and lighting will likely have an effect on the phtosoynthetic pigmentation in a number of ways, and food certainly for the azooxanthellate species in terms of pigments present and ability to be biosynthesized (if at all). Lighting will also affect those corals possessing the pigments pocilloporin and related compounds. May also have to do with at least the GFP group, although possibly not the other fluorescing protein groups. Too new a field (Matz, et al 1999). Almost all observations coming from the aquarium populace are not worthy of serious consideration in an academic paper except in simple "by the way" comments. Let me know what the scope and needs are and I will send you some references to get you going. Eric Borneman >> Ah, good to see/hear you out there... Now, where in tarnation is that book of yours!? Do disagree with your overall apparent disdain of "contacts" in the trade and hobby... In reviewing such requests for assistance, I suspect people are looking for "help" in a more general sense... as in contacts for specimens, even pragmatic matters like "how to gather, transport, keep alive specimens..." As such, industry types are invaluable... as they have indeed, been there, done that. Bob Fenner From oveh at uq.edu.au Sun Sep 10 17:56:32 2000 From: oveh at uq.edu.au (Ove Hoegh-Guldberg) Date: Mon, 11 Sep 2000 07:56:32 +1000 Subject: Coral color for aquarium specimens In-Reply-To: <5c.6752c8.26eaaa7a@aol.com> Message-ID: Take a look at this months issue of Coral Reefs. Coral colour explained! We have isolated, purified and structurally characterised gfps from reef-building corals. Most colour (visible and UV stimulated) has to do with the pocilloporins (which resemble gfp). Cheers, Ove -----Original Message----- From: owner-coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov [mailto:owner-coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov]On Behalf Of BobFenner at aol.com Sent: Saturday, 9 September 2000 6:48 AM To: EricHugo at aol.com; jabulani47 at hotmail.com; fishxing at mindspring.com; perry at creationstreet.com.sg; dcrews at ncweb.com; coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov; J. Charles Delbeek; d.fenner at aims.gov.au; Julian Sprung; pablo at nlpublish.com; John Veron; Twalsh at curley.loyola.edu; wsi at is.com.fj; jturner at HBOI.edu; Dave Sheehy; SDMAS at egroups.com; Robert; mike paletta; Fernando Nosratpour; lty at mail.nysu.edu; carman9941 at msn.com; systems at rk2.com; support at proteinskimmer.com; tfrakes at aquariumsystems.com; FerncaseM at aol.com; Chris Clevers Subject: Re: Coral color for aquarium specimens In a message dated 9/8/00 1:11:22 PM Pacific Daylight Time, Eric Hugo writes: << Subj: Re: Coral color for aquarium specimens Date: 9/8/00 1:11:22 PM Pacific Daylight Time From: Eric Hugo To: Bob Fenner, S96007966 at student.usp.ac.fj Hi Bob and Ron: I have too many references on coral coloration to know where to start. One of the first questions I must ask is the actual color group you are looking at. The animal biochromes, the fluorescing proteins, and the pigmentation of the zooxanthellae are three very distinct groups all with their own factors. I would need to know this aspect and more about the study - i.e. a more concise version of the hypthesis and null hypothesis to be able to narrow it down to a reeasonable request I would also add that asking people like Walt, Noel, Dick, etc is asking for completely anecdotal advice, as are the comments on iodine, alkalinity, protein skimming etc. Water quality and lighting will likely have an effect on the phtosoynthetic pigmentation in a number of ways, and food certainly for the azooxanthellate species in terms of pigments present and ability to be biosynthesized (if at all). Lighting will also affect those corals possessing the pigments pocilloporin and related compounds. May also have to do with at least the GFP group, although possibly not the other fluorescing protein groups. Too new a field (Matz, et al 1999). Almost all observations coming from the aquarium populace are not worthy of serious consideration in an academic paper except in simple "by the way" comments. Let me know what the scope and needs are and I will send you some references to get you going. Eric Borneman >> Ah, good to see/hear you out there... Now, where in tarnation is that book of yours!? Do disagree with your overall apparent disdain of "contacts" in the trade and hobby... In reviewing such requests for assistance, I suspect people are looking for "help" in a more general sense... as in contacts for specimens, even pragmatic matters like "how to gather, transport, keep alive specimens..." As such, industry types are invaluable... as they have indeed, been there, done that. Bob Fenner From gregorh at ucla.edu Mon Sep 11 03:34:56 2000 From: gregorh at ucla.edu (Gregor Hodgson) Date: Mon, 11 Sep 2000 00:34:56 -0700 Subject: Reef Check Update September 2000 Message-ID: <39BC8B20.66AC28FC@ucla.edu> 1) Reef Check at ICRS 9 Bali October 2000 -- We will have an RC information session on Monday night at 8 pm (in either Lotus or Jasmine Room on 3rd floor of Sheraton Nusa Indah Hotel). We welcome all marine scientists and managers. If you have heard about Reef Check and wanted to participate but did not yet have the chance, come and meet coordinators and team leaders from around the world and find out about how to join this unique and valuable enterprise. 2) The Reef Check/GCRMN joint Symposium will take place on Monday (all day) and Tuesday morning (see full schedule at http://www.nova.edu/ocean/9icrs/news.html). Several of the Tuesday morning sessions will be on case studies of RC implementation from around the world. Questions on how to find sponsorship, how to organize the community, how to carry out training will be addressed. 3) The Post-symposium RC/GCRMN Workshop at Nusa Penida October 28-30 is full, however, a waiting list has been opened and cancellations are expected. If you would like to join the waiting list please read the June 20 bulletin in the above website and send a note to: Ketut Sarjana Putra or contact either Ketut or I at the symposium. 4) For those divers who would like to get involved in RC early, facilities will be available on several pre-symposium field trips to carry out RC. Check with the trip organizer. The instructions for RC are available on our website: www.ReefCheck.org or email the Operations Manager, Ladan Mojaherani at 5) Reef Check 2000 is in full swing throughout the tropics. Reminder to all teams: Please try to send video and still photos to us as well as emailing the data. These help us with our press briefings (and make your team famous!) For those teams who have completed surveys. Remember: please don't wait to send in your data. Send the data now before they get buried. REMINDER: All Reef Check data and correspondence should now be sent to the new mailing address at UCLA given below. (Any mail sent to Hong Kong will still be forwarded.) -- Reef Check Institute of the Environment 1652 Hershey Hall 149607 University of California at Los Angeles Los Angeles, CA 90095-1496 USA Office Tel: 310-206-9193 Direct 310-794-4985 Fax: 310-825-9663 ************************* Email: rcheck at ucla.edu Web: www.ReefCheck.org From jsteffen at cbn.net.id Tue Sep 12 03:15:30 2000 From: jsteffen at cbn.net.id (Jan Henning Steffen) Date: Tue, 12 Sep 2000 14:15:30 +0700 Subject: Looking for David D. Message-ID: Dear coral-listers, if anybody happens to have it, please forward the e-mail address of David Doubilet to the e-mail address above directly. It would be highly appreciated, since we need to contact him in an urgent matter, thanks a lot, Jan -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Jan H. Steffen Marine Program Advisor KEHATI - THE INDONESIAN BIODIVERSITY FOUNDATION Patra Jasa Building, 2nd Floor, Room II E1 Jl. Jend. Gatot Subroto Kav.32-34 Jakarta 12950 Indonesia Tel. +62 (21) 522 8031 Tel. +62 (21) 522 8032 Fax. +62 (21) 522 8033 E-mail: jsteffen at cbn.net.id website: www.kehati.or.id - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - From JandL at rivnet.net Tue Sep 12 17:31:32 2000 From: JandL at rivnet.net (Judith Lang & Lynton Land) Date: Tue, 12 Sep 2000 17:31:32 -0400 Subject: 68.75% Missing from U.S. Senate Committee Bill to NOAA for Coral Reefs Message-ID: To: U.S. Coral Reef Listers From: Cliff McCreedy, Oceanwatch at aol.com Judy Lang, JandL at rivnet.net Coral reefs are among Earth's most diverse and biologically complex ecosystems, each year providing over $3 billion in economic benefits for the United States, and nearly $500 billion worldwide. Perhaps 10% of the world 's reefs have already been lost, and about 60% are threatened by bleaching, disease, and direct human activities. The current U.S. Senate bill eliminates $11 million of the $16 million requested by the NOAA National Ocean Service and National Marine Fisheries Service for "mapping, monitoring, research, managing and restoring corals reefs." Proper funding of the Administration's request would help us all to better understand coral diseases, contribute to the development of strategies for protecting reef ecosystems and the fisheries they sustain, and be used to clean up coral reefs that are damaged by oil spills, ship groundings, and other causes. PLEASE, call your Senators and ask them to support restoring this large cut in NOAA's national coral reef program. Say that the funds would be used for coral research (including the diseases that affect coral reef organisms in U.S. waters), mapping, monitoring, restoration, and fisheries management. This bill could be on the Senate floor as soon as September 18. Your actions are important--- the companion House funding bill completely eliminates NOAA's coral reef budget. US Capitol Switchboard - 202-224-3121 To contact your senators - http://www.senate.gov/contacting/index.cfm From JandL at rivnet.net Wed Sep 13 12:20:14 2000 From: JandL at rivnet.net (Judith Lang & Lynton Land) Date: Wed, 13 Sep 2000 12:20:14 -0400 Subject: important follow-up detail re US Senate Committee Bill to NOAA for Coral Reefs Message-ID: Hello again U.S. Coral Reef Listers, Several of you asked for the bill number that could soon be on the Senate floor. I've been advised that it is H.R.4690: that is the bill number BOTH the House and Senate will be considering. Sorry for any inconvenience, Judy From leroy at garf.org Wed Sep 13 12:02:18 2000 From: leroy at garf.org (leroy at garf.org) Date: Wed, 13 Sep 2000 16:02:18 GMT Subject: David Zakai's questions about coral farming Message-ID: <200009131602.QAA16081@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> >My name is David Zakai and I work for Israel Nature & Parks Protection >Authority. I need your kind advises concerning the issue of commercial >production of live reef corals for saltwater aquariums industry: >1. I?m familiar with the demand of corals for saltwater aquariums, but >is growth of corals on aquacultur bases is solving the problem of >harvesting from nature? Is it really can be a substitute for a very >low-price corals from South East Asia, available on the "world markets" >today (as its legal by CITES)? Hello, My name is LeRoy Headlee and we teach coral farming here at GARF and we are certain that captive raised corals can and do compete with wild collected corals. We are having the sixth annual Coral Farming Seminar this October in, of all places, the totally land locked state of Idaho. We have pre-registered 112 people and that will beat last years attendance by over 25 attendees. Most of these people either already farm corals or they are in the planning stages. Very low priced adult corals are not as hardy as domesticated corals, we have funded a research project to learn the best way to accomplish much faster the changes that happen to the corals symbiotic colonies as they are domesticated. After the coral strains have been in captivity for several semesters they become able to tolerate high temperatures that often kill the same strain when it is freshly imported. We also teach people from around the world to make their own live rock from white cement. We have started two ocean based rock farms. One is in Fiji. This source of sand molded rock can and does compete with wild rock. People are so interested in having a Zero Impact reef that they are willing to purchase this rock for $3.00 a pound dry. Israel will be a great place to operate an coral farm and the research that can be done in land locked farms is both safe and valuable. LeRoy Headlee Director of Research Geothermal Aquaculture Research Foundation http://www.garf.org 800-600-6163 From oveh at uq.edu.au Thu Sep 14 01:49:57 2000 From: oveh at uq.edu.au (Ove Hoegh-Guldberg) Date: Thu, 14 Sep 2000 15:49:57 +1000 Subject: Special session in Bali - Coral Reefs and Climate change In-Reply-To: <39BC8B20.66AC28FC@ucla.edu> Message-ID: Special evening session within the International Coral Reef Symposium, Bali, 22-27 Oct "Coral Reefs and Climate change A chance to discuss and debate " Thursday, 26 October 2000. Auditorium Room 6 Starts at 8 pm This exciting evening session should be of considerable interest to a wide group of scientists, students, managers and others interested in the future of coral reefs. The principal participants will mostly be the symposium chairs listed in the table (below). Each panel member will deliver a 5-7 minute summary of their symposium or research area, particularly as it might relate to coral reefs and climate change. The symposium chairs will then form a panel that will lead a discussion of key questions associated with the debate concerning coral reefs in changing climate. It is hoped that opinions from the audience will be a centrepiece of the second part of the evening and that lively debate will develop. Some of the questions to be addressed are: a. Is climate change affecting the world's coral reefs? If so, how do we know? b. Does climate change represent a risk to coral reefs? If so, what are the three most "worrying" variables? b. Will reefs adapt? If so, what does it depend on and how would we know if it adaptation was set to occur? c. Are we set for a climate related decline in coral reefs over the next 50 years or is this simply alarmist rhetoric? d. What actions can we, the reef science community, promote in our efforts to (1) better understand these issues and (2) mitigate the negative effects. The proceedings of the debate will be recorded and written up as a summary of the state of knowledge that we currently have on these issues. It is hoped that this debate will clarify what we know and don?t know, and will focus the attention on the issues that require addressing in the next four years of research. Ove Hoegh-Guldberg (Centre for Marine Studies, University of Queensland) will mediate the event. The following symposium chairs have agreed to participate (order of presentation). Panel member Symposium or area to be summarized ==================================================================================================== ============ Dr. Joanie Kleypas + Global Climate Change and Coral Reefs, 1. The Science Behind the Prognostications of Gloom Dr Chris Langdon Dr Ben Greenstein + Lessons from the Past: Reef Palaeoecology and Its Applications Dr. Mairi M.R. Best Dr Al Strong NOAA's on-going coral bleaching and SST program and efforts. HotSpot accumulations and resultant bleaching Dr. William Fitt + Global Climate Change and Coral Reefs, 2. Bleaching of Reef Corals and Other Symbioses Dr Ove Hoegh-Guldberg Dr Andrew Baker Biodiversity, Ecology and Biogeography of Zooxanthellae in Coral- Algal Symbiosis Dr Piers Larcombe Coral Reefs in Turbid Environments: Geological and Ecological Significance Dr Paul Kench Global Climate Change and Coral Reefs, 4.Coral Reef and Reef Island Response to Sea-Level Rise. Dr. Tom Spencer + Global Climate Change and Coral Reefs, 2. - Geographic and Ecological Perspectives Dr Kristian Teleki Dr Heidi Schuttenberg Global Climate Change and Coral Reefs, 3.Coral Bleaching: Assessing and Linking Ecological and Socio-Economic Impacts, Future Trends and Mitigation Planning Dr. Clive Wilkinson Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network and Reef Check. Joint Symposium on Education, Monitoring and Management From oveh at uq.edu.au Thu Sep 14 19:11:14 2000 From: oveh at uq.edu.au (Ove Hoegh-Guldberg) Date: Fri, 15 Sep 2000 09:11:14 +1000 Subject: Julian Sprung's email. In-Reply-To: <003e01c01074$31c94a60$22477aa6@waquarium.org> Message-ID: Dear Bruce, Very interesting - I am extremely interested in tracking microclimate variability as you know. One thing has struck me (and I have a field observation to back it up) is that these less stressful microclimates may represent reservoirs of coral and dinoflagellate tissue for regrowth following bleaching events. After the 1998 bleaching event, we lost many corals - Stylophora and Pocillpora were hit so hard at One tree Island that students who were working on these species had to find alternative species to work on. I was convinced that this was akin to a "local extinction event". To my surprise, almost the same abundance of large colonies of these two species could be found in surveys done in 2000 as prior to 1998. The size of the heads made it seem impossible for these individuals to be the result of settlement and growth over 18 months. Where did these coral colonies come from? I suspect that the internal areas of the Stylophora and Pocillopora coral heads survived (lower light) and that the coral heads that I thought were completely dead in fact regenerated from these living internal regions. Could the internal shading provided by coral heads act as a defence against thermal stress? Interesting area. Cheers, Ove -----Original Message----- From: owner-coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov [mailto:owner-coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov]On Behalf Of Bruce Carlson Sent: Monday, 28 August 2000 8:15 AM To: oveh at uq.edu.au; Billy Causey Cc: Bernard A. Thomassin; coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov Subject: Re: Julian Sprung's email. Ove, Just to add some anecdotal observations I made in Fiji and Palau that seem to be consistent with your hypothesis: very small acroporids (better surface to volume ratio?), and those in the shade under larger colonies were the few survivors, and on the Suva barrier reef (where the water flow is strong), one patch of Acropora muricata that I have monitored since 1972 was bleached in April -- or so it appeared on first inspection. However, the undersides of every branch were brown -- apparently a shading effect (by brown, I mean "normal" in appearance presumably with zooxanthellae present in large numbers). Temperature, sunlight and water flow must all have an effect. I recorded this on video tape. I did not notice this on any of the bleached corals on the outer barrier reef where mortality among acroporids approached 100%. I will check this colony again in November to see if it has recovered. Unrelated to bleaching, the Suva barrier reef has been overgrown by Sargassum since 1972. I first noticed it growing around the corals in 1995, but this year it has taken over on top of the reef (I have photos showing the progression over the years). It snags on the Porites cylindrica and has killed those large old colonies. The only coral colony free of the Sargassum was "my" old A. muricata colony. Presumably the large Stegastes sp. damsels in that patch are keeping it clean = a small oasis in a "sea of Sargassum". Why is the Sargassum taking over? My first guess would be increased nutrients over the years from farming, coming down the nearby Rewa river delta, but over fishing of herbivores may also be a factor. Bruce ----- Original Message ----- From: Ove Hoegh-Guldberg To: Billy Causey Cc: Bruce Carlson ; Bernard A. Thomassin ; Sent: Sunday, August 27, 2000 11:13 AM Subject: RE: Julian Sprung's email. > Dear Bill, > > Interesting comments. My feeling is that oxygen is involved (either as an promoter of the > photoinhibitory production and build-up of active oxygen within the zooxanthellae - that is, as a > secondary variable). We know that thermal stress collapses oxygen production and increases > respiration (see papers by Coles and Jokiel: Marine Biology. 1977; 43:209-216, Hoegh-Guldberg and > Smith - J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 1989; 129:279-303 and others). If the photosynthetic production of > oxygen is down and respiration is up (and probably, bacterial consumption up due to decaying > tissue), then oxygen at night over reefs under low flow (especially on reefs where corals dominate) > would be expected to decrease, perhaps to critical levels. While not a primary factor, I would see > this as an important follow on effect. It may actually be an important determinant of mortality. > > I am interested in following up the aggravating effect of oxygen - it would be useful if oxygen was > monitored during the next set of bleaching events. Perhaps water motion (over small patches of > reef) might help ameliorate the ultimate impact of a thermal event. Just a thought. That and > shading a reef might be useful for managers of small show pieces of reefs. But - just for those > journalists our there - this would not be useful for anything more than a few hundred square metres! > > Cheers to all, > > Ove > > -----Original Message----- > From: owner-coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov > [mailto:owner-coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov]On Behalf Of Billy Causey > Sent: Monday, 28 August 2000 1:25 AM > To: oveh at uq.edu.au > Cc: Bruce Carlson; Bernard A. Thomassin; coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov > Subject: Re: Julian Sprung's email. > > > Ove and others, > > I am interested in your comments about the role of oxygen. For years I have sounded like a broken > record, exclaiming that while hot water is one of the stressors leading to coral bleaching, that I > suspect the slick-calm, doldrum weather patterns lead to a drop in dissolved oxygen levels in the > coral > reef environment, especially at night. I sometimes think we take the level of dissolved oxygen on > coral reefs for granted .... and tend to not believe there could be a significant enough change to > affect corals for example. > > During years when we have had severe bleaching in the Florida Keys, I have observed reef fish > respiring > very heavily .... in the middle of the day. So I have often suspected the oxygen levels as being > low > .... during "hot water" events ... even during daylight hours. > > Is it possible that the zooxanethellae, existing inside the coral polyp tissue starts competing with > the coral polyp for oxygen at night ... when dissolved oxygen levels are low anyway .... and > something > has to give? Imagine ... day after day and night after night, during periods of low mixing and > natural > aeration of surface waters, the oxygen level drops below a threshold and the coral polyp is in a > state > of competing for oxygen with the zooxanethellae. > > Folks ... be kind to me! I am not a coral physiologist, in fact I wasn't very good in biochemistry > .... just a coral reef manager with thousands of hours of observations that make me think the coral > bleaching trigger and mechanisms are simpler than we realize. I am curious about opinions on this > idea. > > Cheers, Billy Causey > > Ove Hoegh-Guldberg wrote: > > > Flow probably has some effect through the removal of some of the feedback effects of the high > oxygen > > tensions that occur during the daylight hours. If the increased production of active oxygen after > > thermal stress (a'la Jones et al 1998, reviewed in Hoegh-Guldberg 1999), then flow might have an > > ameliorating effect through the decreased boundary layer thickness and hence oxygen tensions close > > to coral surfaces. > > > > Survival near rivers might be related to the decreased light stress due to the higher turbidity of > > rivers. > > > > Just some ideas ... > > > > Cheers, > > > > Ove > > > > Professor Ove Hoegh-Guldberg > > Director, Centre for Marine Studies > > University of Queensland > > St Lucia, 4072, QLD > > > > Director, Heron, Stradborke and Low Isles Research Stations > > President, Australian Coral Reef Society > > > > Phone: +61 07 3365 4333 > > Fax: +61 07 3365 4755 > > Email: oveh at uq.edu.au > > http://www.marine.uq.edu.au/ohg/index.htm > > > > -----Original Message----- > > From: owner-coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov > > [mailto:owner-coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov]On Behalf Of Bruce Carlson > > Sent: Saturday, 26 August 2000 4:15 AM > > To: Bernard A. Thomassin; coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov > > Subject: Re: Julian Sprung's email. > > > > Bernard, > > > > Did you also notice that corals in areas with swift flowing water (usually > > from tides) also survived better than nearby reefs with low flows? I > > noticed this in Fiji on the shallow barrier reef of the University of the > > South Pacific, and in Palau near the lighthouse reef -- both are similar > > reef environments with strong laminar water flow (the water is shallow > > enough to stand up at mid-tide, but the current knocks you over -- I don't > > have a more precise current measurement). Why would flow rate matter? > > Perhaps there is something related to diffusion rates (which would increase > > in strong water flow) which offers some protection during bleaching???? If > > Ove is right about superoxides forming during warm water events, maybe this > > observation is relevant. > > > > Also, in Fiji, we noticed that reefs near river mouths also showed good > > survival rates. The outer barrier reefs in Palau and Fiji seemed to be hit > > the hardest. > > > > Bruce > > > > ----- Original Message ----- > > From: Bernard A. Thomassin > > To: > > Sent: Friday, August 25, 2000 6:30 AM > > Subject: Re: Julian Sprung's email. > > > > > > > > Jonathan.Kelsey at noaa.gov wrote : > > > > > > >-Are these generally accepted concepts? > > > >-Can one accurately assess coral mortality rates associated with a > > bleachin > > > >event after "a matter of just a few days"? > > > >-Are there quantitative studies showing that there is a greater bleaching > > > >survival rate among corals in polluted waters versus those in > > non-polluted > > > >water? -Any comments and/or further discussion would be greatly > > appreciated. > > > > > > We will presented a poste about the subject at bali meeting. In Mayotte > > > Is., North Mozambique Channel, a huge bleaching occurred in 1998 spring > > > (end of summer season there) and most of 90 percent of the shallow coral > > of > > > the barrier reefs died. > > > Those corals that surveyed the best are from the muddy environnements in > > > bays, on fringing reef fronts and patches, even the harbour !why ? Because > > > the corals living in oceanic cooler waters of the barrier reef belt (170 > > km > > > long) are less adapted to tolerate hot waters and high level of light > > (some > > > got "sun burns" as table acroporas). In opposite population of corals > > (same > > > species) living in neritic coastal waters, in inner areas of the lagoon, > > > are genetically more adapted to tolerate : high temperature, turbid waters > > > after rainfalls, even falls of salinity. Today in Mayotte, probably the > > > recovering ibn coral of the mid-lagoon patch reefs (recruitement) is due > > to > > > larvae coming from these coastal coral populations. These is one of the > > > main reasons to protect these "special" reefs in muddy environments from > > > all the effects of coastal works (marinas, dredgings, infilling of > > littoral > > > for roads, etc...). > > > > > > This is a good way for researches.. and from where larvae that recruit are > > > coming. > > > > > > Bernard A. Thomassin > > > Directeur de recherches au C.N.R.S. > > > > > > G.I.S. "Lag-May" > > > (Groupement d'Int=E9r=EAt Scientifique Environnement marin et littoral de > > > Mayotte") > > > & Centre d'Oceanologie de Marseille, > > > Station Marine d'Endoume, > > > rue de la Batterie des Lions, > > > 13007 Marseille > > > 9l. (33) 04 91 0416 17 > > > 9l. GSM 06 63 14 91 78 > > > fax. (33) 04 91 04 16 35 (0 l'attention de...) > > > e-mail : thomassi at sme.com.univ-mrs.fr > > > > > > > > > > > -- > Billy D. Causey, Superintendent > Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary > PO Box 500368 > Marathon, FL 33050 > Phone (305) 743.2437, Fax (305) 743.2357 > http://www.fknms.nos.noaa.gov/ > > > > From s96008249 at usp.ac.fj Fri Sep 15 14:35:57 2000 From: s96008249 at usp.ac.fj (s96008249 at usp.ac.fj) Date: Fri, 15 Sep 2000 11:35:57 -0700 Subject: missing references Message-ID: <01JU78ED9F9400019E@usp.ac.fj> A non-text attachment was scrubbed... Name: not available Type: text/enriched Size: 379 bytes Desc: not available Url : http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/pipermail/coral-list-old/attachments/20000915/925c4540/attachment.bin From cindyh at hawaii.edu Thu Sep 14 21:50:30 2000 From: cindyh at hawaii.edu (Cindy Hunter) Date: Thu, 14 Sep 2000 15:50:30 -1000 Subject: Julian Sprung's email. References: Message-ID: <007e01c01eb7$55880580$03477aa6@waquarium.org> Dear Ove, The situation of "larger than they should be if they were from new sexual recruits" is reminiscent of the "Phoenix effect" documented in Hawaii by Paul Jokiel and others in Porites compressa. In this species, lowered salinity caused by episodic rainfall and flooding events resulted in a nearly complete loss of tissue on colony surfaces. The colonies most affected by the "freshwater kill" were those in the shallowest water (the lens of 15-18 ppt water extended to 1-2 m depth) and appeared (and smelled) to be completely putrefied--covered in gray or black algal/fungal mats. However, within two years, these nearshore reefs were once again fringed by large (up to 1 m diameter) Porites compressa colonies. They couldn't have been from new recruits. Dave Krupp and I presented an experimental verification of the phenomenon at SICB in Boston in 1997. After osmotic shock, a layer of residual cells and zoox shows up deep (0.5-1 cm) within the skeleton; these "ashes" can apparently de- and redifferentiate to form coral tissues and polyps in a matter of weeks. The twist in what you've seen in Pocillopora and Stylophora (as we did in Montipora) is that these genera are much less perforate than Porites, and the reservoir of viable tissues (and zoox) appears in shaded undersides or between branches, regrowing up and around the branches rather than from the inside out. In either case, it demonstrates (again) the remarkable resiliency that resides in these coral-algal associations. What this means for our thinking about their genetics, senescence, etc. is indeed interesting territory, Aloha, Cindy P.S. Shouldn't you be at the Opening Ceremonies? ----- Original Message ----- From: Ove Hoegh-Guldberg To: Bruce Carlson ; Billy Causey Cc: Bernard A. Thomassin ; Sent: Thursday, September 14, 2000 2:21 PM Subject: RE: Julian Sprung's email. > Dear Bruce, > > Very interesting - I am extremely interested in tracking microclimate variability as you know. One > thing has struck me (and I have a field observation to back it up) is that these less stressful > microclimates may represent reservoirs of coral and dinoflagellate tissue for regrowth following > bleaching events. After the 1998 bleaching event, we lost many corals - Stylophora and Pocillpora > were hit so hard at One tree Island that students who were working on these species had to find > alternative species to work on. I was convinced that this was akin to a "local extinction event". > To my surprise, almost the same abundance of large colonies of these two species could be found in > surveys done in 2000 as prior to 1998. The size of the heads made it seem impossible for these > individuals to be the result of settlement and growth over 18 months. Where did these coral > colonies come from? I suspect that the internal areas of the Stylophora and Pocillopora coral heads > survived (lower light) and that the coral heads that I thought were completely dead in fact > regenerated from these living internal regions. Could the internal shading provided by coral heads > act as a defence against thermal stress? Interesting area. > > Cheers, > > Ove > > -----Original Message----- > From: owner-coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov > [mailto:owner-coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov]On Behalf Of Bruce Carlson > Sent: Monday, 28 August 2000 8:15 AM > To: oveh at uq.edu.au; Billy Causey > Cc: Bernard A. Thomassin; coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov > Subject: Re: Julian Sprung's email. > > > Ove, > > Just to add some anecdotal observations I made in Fiji and Palau that seem > to be consistent with your hypothesis: very small acroporids (better > surface to volume ratio?), and those in the shade under larger colonies were > the few survivors, and on the Suva barrier reef (where the water flow is > strong), one patch of Acropora muricata that I have monitored since 1972 was > bleached in April -- or so it appeared on first inspection. However, the > undersides of every branch were brown -- apparently a shading effect (by > brown, I mean "normal" in appearance presumably with zooxanthellae present > in large numbers). Temperature, sunlight and water flow must all have an > effect. I recorded this on video tape. I did not notice this on any of the > bleached corals on the outer barrier reef where mortality among acroporids > approached 100%. I will check this colony again in November to see if it has > recovered. > > Unrelated to bleaching, the Suva barrier reef has been overgrown by > Sargassum since 1972. I first noticed it growing around the corals in 1995, > but this year it has taken over on top of the reef (I have photos showing > the progression over the years). It snags on the Porites cylindrica and has > killed those large old colonies. The only coral colony free of the > Sargassum was "my" old A. muricata colony. Presumably the large Stegastes > sp. damsels in that patch are keeping it clean = a small oasis in a "sea of > Sargassum". Why is the Sargassum taking over? My first guess would be > increased nutrients over the years from farming, coming down the nearby Rewa > river delta, but over fishing of herbivores may also be a factor. > > Bruce > > ----- Original Message ----- > From: Ove Hoegh-Guldberg > To: Billy Causey > Cc: Bruce Carlson ; Bernard A. Thomassin > ; > Sent: Sunday, August 27, 2000 11:13 AM > Subject: RE: Julian Sprung's email. > > > > Dear Bill, > > > > Interesting comments. My feeling is that oxygen is involved (either as an > promoter of the > > photoinhibitory production and build-up of active oxygen within the > zooxanthellae - that is, as a > > secondary variable). We know that thermal stress collapses oxygen > production and increases > > respiration (see papers by Coles and Jokiel: Marine Biology. 1977; > 43:209-216, Hoegh-Guldberg and > > Smith - J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 1989; 129:279-303 and others). If the > photosynthetic production of > > oxygen is down and respiration is up (and probably, bacterial consumption > up due to decaying > > tissue), then oxygen at night over reefs under low flow (especially on > reefs where corals dominate) > > would be expected to decrease, perhaps to critical levels. While not a > primary factor, I would see > > this as an important follow on effect. It may actually be an important > determinant of mortality. > > > > I am interested in following up the aggravating effect of oxygen - it > would be useful if oxygen was > > monitored during the next set of bleaching events. Perhaps water motion > (over small patches of > > reef) might help ameliorate the ultimate impact of a thermal event. Just > a thought. That and > > shading a reef might be useful for managers of small show pieces of reefs. > But - just for those > > journalists our there - this would not be useful for anything more than a > few hundred square metres! > > > > Cheers to all, > > > > Ove > > > > -----Original Message----- > > From: owner-coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov > > [mailto:owner-coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov]On Behalf Of Billy Causey > > Sent: Monday, 28 August 2000 1:25 AM > > To: oveh at uq.edu.au > > Cc: Bruce Carlson; Bernard A. Thomassin; coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov > > Subject: Re: Julian Sprung's email. > > > > > > Ove and others, > > > > I am interested in your comments about the role of oxygen. For years I > have sounded like a broken > > record, exclaiming that while hot water is one of the stressors leading to > coral bleaching, that I > > suspect the slick-calm, doldrum weather patterns lead to a drop in > dissolved oxygen levels in the > > coral > > reef environment, especially at night. I sometimes think we take the > level of dissolved oxygen on > > coral reefs for granted .... and tend to not believe there could be a > significant enough change to > > affect corals for example. > > > > During years when we have had severe bleaching in the Florida Keys, I have > observed reef fish > > respiring > > very heavily .... in the middle of the day. So I have often suspected the > oxygen levels as being > > low > > .... during "hot water" events ... even during daylight hours. > > > > Is it possible that the zooxanethellae, existing inside the coral polyp > tissue starts competing with > > the coral polyp for oxygen at night ... when dissolved oxygen levels are > low anyway .... and > > something > > has to give? Imagine ... day after day and night after night, during > periods of low mixing and > > natural > > aeration of surface waters, the oxygen level drops below a threshold and > the coral polyp is in a > > state > > of competing for oxygen with the zooxanethellae. > > > > Folks ... be kind to me! I am not a coral physiologist, in fact I wasn't > very good in biochemistry > > .... just a coral reef manager with thousands of hours of observations > that make me think the coral > > bleaching trigger and mechanisms are simpler than we realize. I am > curious about opinions on this > > idea. > > > > Cheers, Billy Causey > > > > Ove Hoegh-Guldberg wrote: > > > > > Flow probably has some effect through the removal of some of the > feedback effects of the high > > oxygen > > > tensions that occur during the daylight hours. If the increased > production of active oxygen after > > > thermal stress (a'la Jones et al 1998, reviewed in Hoegh-Guldberg 1999), > then flow might have an > > > ameliorating effect through the decreased boundary layer thickness and > hence oxygen tensions close > > > to coral surfaces. > > > > > > Survival near rivers might be related to the decreased light stress due > to the higher turbidity of > > > rivers. > > > > > > Just some ideas ... > > > > > > Cheers, > > > > > > Ove > > > > > > Professor Ove Hoegh-Guldberg > > > Director, Centre for Marine Studies > > > University of Queensland > > > St Lucia, 4072, QLD > > > > > > Director, Heron, Stradborke and Low Isles Research Stations > > > President, Australian Coral Reef Society > > > > > > Phone: +61 07 3365 4333 > > > Fax: +61 07 3365 4755 > > > Email: oveh at uq.edu.au > > > http://www.marine.uq.edu.au/ohg/index.htm > > > > > > -----Original Message----- > > > From: owner-coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov > > > [mailto:owner-coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov]On Behalf Of Bruce Carlson > > > Sent: Saturday, 26 August 2000 4:15 AM > > > To: Bernard A. Thomassin; coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov > > > Subject: Re: Julian Sprung's email. > > > > > > Bernard, > > > > > > Did you also notice that corals in areas with swift flowing water > (usually > > > from tides) also survived better than nearby reefs with low flows? I > > > noticed this in Fiji on the shallow barrier reef of the University of > the > > > South Pacific, and in Palau near the lighthouse reef -- both are similar > > > reef environments with strong laminar water flow (the water is shallow > > > enough to stand up at mid-tide, but the current knocks you over -- I > don't > > > have a more precise current measurement). Why would flow rate matter? > > > Perhaps there is something related to diffusion rates (which would > increase > > > in strong water flow) which offers some protection during bleaching???? > If > > > Ove is right about superoxides forming during warm water events, maybe > this > > > observation is relevant. > > > > > > Also, in Fiji, we noticed that reefs near river mouths also showed good > > > survival rates. The outer barrier reefs in Palau and Fiji seemed to be > hit > > > the hardest. > > > > > > Bruce > > > > > > ----- Original Message ----- > > > From: Bernard A. Thomassin > > > To: > > > Sent: Friday, August 25, 2000 6:30 AM > > > Subject: Re: Julian Sprung's email. > > > > > > > > > > > Jonathan.Kelsey at noaa.gov wrote : > > > > > > > > >-Are these generally accepted concepts? > > > > >-Can one accurately assess coral mortality rates associated with a > > > bleachin > > > > >event after "a matter of just a few days"? > > > > >-Are there quantitative studies showing that there is a greater > bleaching > > > > >survival rate among corals in polluted waters versus those in > > > non-polluted > > > > >water? -Any comments and/or further discussion would be greatly > > > appreciated. > > > > > > > > We will presented a poste about the subject at bali meeting. In > Mayotte > > > > Is., North Mozambique Channel, a huge bleaching occurred in 1998 > spring > > > > (end of summer season there) and most of 90 percent of the shallow > coral > > > of > > > > the barrier reefs died. > > > > Those corals that surveyed the best are from the muddy environnements > in > > > > bays, on fringing reef fronts and patches, even the harbour !why ? > Because > > > > the corals living in oceanic cooler waters of the barrier reef belt > (170 > > > km > > > > long) are less adapted to tolerate hot waters and high level of light > > > (some > > > > got "sun burns" as table acroporas). In opposite population of corals > > > (same > > > > species) living in neritic coastal waters, in inner areas of the > lagoon, > > > > are genetically more adapted to tolerate : high temperature, turbid > waters > > > > after rainfalls, even falls of salinity. Today in Mayotte, probably > the > > > > recovering ibn coral of the mid-lagoon patch reefs (recruitement) is > due > > > to > > > > larvae coming from these coastal coral populations. These is one of > the > > > > main reasons to protect these "special" reefs in muddy environments > from > > > > all the effects of coastal works (marinas, dredgings, infilling of > > > littoral > > > > for roads, etc...). > > > > > > > > This is a good way for researches.. and from where larvae that recruit > are > > > > coming. > > > > > > > > Bernard A. Thomassin > > > > Directeur de recherches au C.N.R.S. > > > > > > > > G.I.S. "Lag-May" > > > > (Groupement d'Int=E9r=EAt Scientifique Environnement marin et littoral > de > > > > Mayotte") > > > > & Centre d'Oceanologie de Marseille, > > > > Station Marine d'Endoume, > > > > rue de la Batterie des Lions, > > > > 13007 Marseille > > > > 9l. (33) 04 91 0416 17 > > > > 9l. GSM 06 63 14 91 78 > > > > fax. (33) 04 91 04 16 35 (0 l'attention de...) > > > > e-mail : thomassi at sme.com.univ-mrs.fr > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > -- > > Billy D. Causey, Superintendent > > Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary > > PO Box 500368 > > Marathon, FL 33050 > > Phone (305) 743.2437, Fax (305) 743.2357 > > http://www.fknms.nos.noaa.gov/ > > > > > > > > > > > From oveh at uq.edu.au Thu Sep 14 21:58:24 2000 From: oveh at uq.edu.au (Ove Hoegh-Guldberg) Date: Fri, 15 Sep 2000 11:58:24 +1000 Subject: Julian Sprung's email. In-Reply-To: <007e01c01eb7$55880580$03477aa6@waquarium.org> Message-ID: Hi Cindy, Yes - fascinating. This seems and area ripe for research projects (postgrad students!). Did you publish the SICB Boston stuff? I would be very interested in having a look at it. The microclimate idea also presents an additional explanation for the resilience of deep tissued corals like Porites (I discussed this in the 1999 article from a point of view of reduced damage due to to low light regions) ... deep tissues provide that reservior for promoting regrowth etc. You will be in Bali, right? Aloha, Ove PS Opening ceremonies - right now - did I miss an meeting or something? -----Original Message----- From: Cindy Hunter [mailto:cindyh at hawaii.edu] Sent: Friday, 15 September 2000 11:51 AM To: oveh at uq.edu.au; Bruce Carlson; Billy Causey Cc: Bernard A. Thomassin; coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov Subject: Re: Julian Sprung's email. Dear Ove, The situation of "larger than they should be if they were from new sexual recruits" is reminiscent of the "Phoenix effect" documented in Hawaii by Paul Jokiel and others in Porites compressa. In this species, lowered salinity caused by episodic rainfall and flooding events resulted in a nearly complete loss of tissue on colony surfaces. The colonies most affected by the "freshwater kill" were those in the shallowest water (the lens of 15-18 ppt water extended to 1-2 m depth) and appeared (and smelled) to be completely putrefied--covered in gray or black algal/fungal mats. However, within two years, these nearshore reefs were once again fringed by large (up to 1 m diameter) Porites compressa colonies. They couldn't have been from new recruits. Dave Krupp and I presented an experimental verification of the phenomenon at SICB in Boston in 1997. After osmotic shock, a layer of residual cells and zoox shows up deep (0.5-1 cm) within the skeleton; these "ashes" can apparently de- and redifferentiate to form coral tissues and polyps in a matter of weeks. The twist in what you've seen in Pocillopora and Stylophora (as we did in Montipora) is that these genera are much less perforate than Porites, and the reservoir of viable tissues (and zoox) appears in shaded undersides or between branches, regrowing up and around the branches rather than from the inside out. In either case, it demonstrates (again) the remarkable resiliency that resides in these coral-algal associations. What this means for our thinking about their genetics, senescence, etc. is indeed interesting territory, Aloha, Cindy P.S. Shouldn't you be at the Opening Ceremonies? ----- Original Message ----- From: Ove Hoegh-Guldberg To: Bruce Carlson ; Billy Causey Cc: Bernard A. Thomassin ; Sent: Thursday, September 14, 2000 2:21 PM Subject: RE: Julian Sprung's email. > Dear Bruce, > > Very interesting - I am extremely interested in tracking microclimate variability as you know. One > thing has struck me (and I have a field observation to back it up) is that these less stressful > microclimates may represent reservoirs of coral and dinoflagellate tissue for regrowth following > bleaching events. After the 1998 bleaching event, we lost many corals - Stylophora and Pocillpora > were hit so hard at One tree Island that students who were working on these species had to find > alternative species to work on. I was convinced that this was akin to a "local extinction event". > To my surprise, almost the same abundance of large colonies of these two species could be found in > surveys done in 2000 as prior to 1998. The size of the heads made it seem impossible for these > individuals to be the result of settlement and growth over 18 months. Where did these coral > colonies come from? I suspect that the internal areas of the Stylophora and Pocillopora coral heads > survived (lower light) and that the coral heads that I thought were completely dead in fact > regenerated from these living internal regions. Could the internal shading provided by coral heads > act as a defence against thermal stress? Interesting area. > > Cheers, > > Ove > > -----Original Message----- > From: owner-coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov > [mailto:owner-coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov]On Behalf Of Bruce Carlson > Sent: Monday, 28 August 2000 8:15 AM > To: oveh at uq.edu.au; Billy Causey > Cc: Bernard A. Thomassin; coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov > Subject: Re: Julian Sprung's email. > > > Ove, > > Just to add some anecdotal observations I made in Fiji and Palau that seem > to be consistent with your hypothesis: very small acroporids (better > surface to volume ratio?), and those in the shade under larger colonies were > the few survivors, and on the Suva barrier reef (where the water flow is > strong), one patch of Acropora muricata that I have monitored since 1972 was > bleached in April -- or so it appeared on first inspection. However, the > undersides of every branch were brown -- apparently a shading effect (by > brown, I mean "normal" in appearance presumably with zooxanthellae present > in large numbers). Temperature, sunlight and water flow must all have an > effect. I recorded this on video tape. I did not notice this on any of the > bleached corals on the outer barrier reef where mortality among acroporids > approached 100%. I will check this colony again in November to see if it has > recovered. > > Unrelated to bleaching, the Suva barrier reef has been overgrown by > Sargassum since 1972. I first noticed it growing around the corals in 1995, > but this year it has taken over on top of the reef (I have photos showing > the progression over the years). It snags on the Porites cylindrica and has > killed those large old colonies. The only coral colony free of the > Sargassum was "my" old A. muricata colony. Presumably the large Stegastes > sp. damsels in that patch are keeping it clean = a small oasis in a "sea of > Sargassum". Why is the Sargassum taking over? My first guess would be > increased nutrients over the years from farming, coming down the nearby Rewa > river delta, but over fishing of herbivores may also be a factor. > > Bruce > > ----- Original Message ----- > From: Ove Hoegh-Guldberg > To: Billy Causey > Cc: Bruce Carlson ; Bernard A. Thomassin > ; > Sent: Sunday, August 27, 2000 11:13 AM > Subject: RE: Julian Sprung's email. > > > > Dear Bill, > > > > Interesting comments. My feeling is that oxygen is involved (either as an > promoter of the > > photoinhibitory production and build-up of active oxygen within the > zooxanthellae - that is, as a > > secondary variable). We know that thermal stress collapses oxygen > production and increases > > respiration (see papers by Coles and Jokiel: Marine Biology. 1977; > 43:209-216, Hoegh-Guldberg and > > Smith - J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 1989; 129:279-303 and others). If the > photosynthetic production of > > oxygen is down and respiration is up (and probably, bacterial consumption > up due to decaying > > tissue), then oxygen at night over reefs under low flow (especially on > reefs where corals dominate) > > would be expected to decrease, perhaps to critical levels. While not a > primary factor, I would see > > this as an important follow on effect. It may actually be an important > determinant of mortality. > > > > I am interested in following up the aggravating effect of oxygen - it > would be useful if oxygen was > > monitored during the next set of bleaching events. Perhaps water motion > (over small patches of > > reef) might help ameliorate the ultimate impact of a thermal event. Just > a thought. That and > > shading a reef might be useful for managers of small show pieces of reefs. > But - just for those > > journalists our there - this would not be useful for anything more than a > few hundred square metres! > > > > Cheers to all, > > > > Ove > > > > -----Original Message----- > > From: owner-coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov > > [mailto:owner-coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov]On Behalf Of Billy Causey > > Sent: Monday, 28 August 2000 1:25 AM > > To: oveh at uq.edu.au > > Cc: Bruce Carlson; Bernard A. Thomassin; coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov > > Subject: Re: Julian Sprung's email. > > > > > > Ove and others, > > > > I am interested in your comments about the role of oxygen. For years I > have sounded like a broken > > record, exclaiming that while hot water is one of the stressors leading to > coral bleaching, that I > > suspect the slick-calm, doldrum weather patterns lead to a drop in > dissolved oxygen levels in the > > coral > > reef environment, especially at night. I sometimes think we take the > level of dissolved oxygen on > > coral reefs for granted .... and tend to not believe there could be a > significant enough change to > > affect corals for example. > > > > During years when we have had severe bleaching in the Florida Keys, I have > observed reef fish > > respiring > > very heavily .... in the middle of the day. So I have often suspected the > oxygen levels as being > > low > > .... during "hot water" events ... even during daylight hours. > > > > Is it possible that the zooxanethellae, existing inside the coral polyp > tissue starts competing with > > the coral polyp for oxygen at night ... when dissolved oxygen levels are > low anyway .... and > > something > > has to give? Imagine ... day after day and night after night, during > periods of low mixing and > > natural > > aeration of surface waters, the oxygen level drops below a threshold and > the coral polyp is in a > > state > > of competing for oxygen with the zooxanethellae. > > > > Folks ... be kind to me! I am not a coral physiologist, in fact I wasn't > very good in biochemistry > > .... just a coral reef manager with thousands of hours of observations > that make me think the coral > > bleaching trigger and mechanisms are simpler than we realize. I am > curious about opinions on this > > idea. > > > > Cheers, Billy Causey > > > > Ove Hoegh-Guldberg wrote: > > > > > Flow probably has some effect through the removal of some of the > feedback effects of the high > > oxygen > > > tensions that occur during the daylight hours. If the increased > production of active oxygen after > > > thermal stress (a'la Jones et al 1998, reviewed in Hoegh-Guldberg 1999), > then flow might have an > > > ameliorating effect through the decreased boundary layer thickness and > hence oxygen tensions close > > > to coral surfaces. > > > > > > Survival near rivers might be related to the decreased light stress due > to the higher turbidity of > > > rivers. > > > > > > Just some ideas ... > > > > > > Cheers, > > > > > > Ove > > > > > > Professor Ove Hoegh-Guldberg > > > Director, Centre for Marine Studies > > > University of Queensland > > > St Lucia, 4072, QLD > > > > > > Director, Heron, Stradborke and Low Isles Research Stations > > > President, Australian Coral Reef Society > > > > > > Phone: +61 07 3365 4333 > > > Fax: +61 07 3365 4755 > > > Email: oveh at uq.edu.au > > > http://www.marine.uq.edu.au/ohg/index.htm > > > > > > -----Original Message----- > > > From: owner-coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov > > > [mailto:owner-coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov]On Behalf Of Bruce Carlson > > > Sent: Saturday, 26 August 2000 4:15 AM > > > To: Bernard A. Thomassin; coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov > > > Subject: Re: Julian Sprung's email. > > > > > > Bernard, > > > > > > Did you also notice that corals in areas with swift flowing water > (usually > > > from tides) also survived better than nearby reefs with low flows? I > > > noticed this in Fiji on the shallow barrier reef of the University of > the > > > South Pacific, and in Palau near the lighthouse reef -- both are similar > > > reef environments with strong laminar water flow (the water is shallow > > > enough to stand up at mid-tide, but the current knocks you over -- I > don't > > > have a more precise current measurement). Why would flow rate matter? > > > Perhaps there is something related to diffusion rates (which would > increase > > > in strong water flow) which offers some protection during bleaching???? > If > > > Ove is right about superoxides forming during warm water events, maybe > this > > > observation is relevant. > > > > > > Also, in Fiji, we noticed that reefs near river mouths also showed good > > > survival rates. The outer barrier reefs in Palau and Fiji seemed to be > hit > > > the hardest. > > > > > > Bruce > > > > > > ----- Original Message ----- > > > From: Bernard A. Thomassin > > > To: > > > Sent: Friday, August 25, 2000 6:30 AM > > > Subject: Re: Julian Sprung's email. > > > > > > > > > > > Jonathan.Kelsey at noaa.gov wrote : > > > > > > > > >-Are these generally accepted concepts? > > > > >-Can one accurately assess coral mortality rates associated with a > > > bleachin > > > > >event after "a matter of just a few days"? > > > > >-Are there quantitative studies showing that there is a greater > bleaching > > > > >survival rate among corals in polluted waters versus those in > > > non-polluted > > > > >water? -Any comments and/or further discussion would be greatly > > > appreciated. > > > > > > > > We will presented a poste about the subject at bali meeting. In > Mayotte > > > > Is., North Mozambique Channel, a huge bleaching occurred in 1998 > spring > > > > (end of summer season there) and most of 90 percent of the shallow > coral > > > of > > > > the barrier reefs died. > > > > Those corals that surveyed the best are from the muddy environnements > in > > > > bays, on fringing reef fronts and patches, even the harbour !why ? > Because > > > > the corals living in oceanic cooler waters of the barrier reef belt > (170 > > > km > > > > long) are less adapted to tolerate hot waters and high level of light > > > (some > > > > got "sun burns" as table acroporas). In opposite population of corals > > > (same > > > > species) living in neritic coastal waters, in inner areas of the > lagoon, > > > > are genetically more adapted to tolerate : high temperature, turbid > waters > > > > after rainfalls, even falls of salinity. Today in Mayotte, probably > the > > > > recovering ibn coral of the mid-lagoon patch reefs (recruitement) is > due > > > to > > > > larvae coming from these coastal coral populations. These is one of > the > > > > main reasons to protect these "special" reefs in muddy environments > from > > > > all the effects of coastal works (marinas, dredgings, infilling of > > > littoral > > > > for roads, etc...). > > > > > > > > This is a good way for researches.. and from where larvae that recruit > are > > > > coming. > > > > > > > > Bernard A. Thomassin > > > > Directeur de recherches au C.N.R.S. > > > > > > > > G.I.S. "Lag-May" > > > > (Groupement d'Int=E9r=EAt Scientifique Environnement marin et littoral > de > > > > Mayotte") > > > > & Centre d'Oceanologie de Marseille, > > > > Station Marine d'Endoume, > > > > rue de la Batterie des Lions, > > > > 13007 Marseille > > > > 9l. (33) 04 91 0416 17 > > > > 9l. GSM 06 63 14 91 78 > > > > fax. (33) 04 91 04 16 35 (0 l'attention de...) > > > > e-mail : thomassi at sme.com.univ-mrs.fr > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > -- > > Billy D. Causey, Superintendent > > Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary > > PO Box 500368 > > Marathon, FL 33050 > > Phone (305) 743.2437, Fax (305) 743.2357 > > http://www.fknms.nos.noaa.gov/ > > > > > > > > > > > From wintere at post.tau.ac.il Fri Sep 15 04:47:08 2000 From: wintere at post.tau.ac.il (Winter Esther) Date: Fri, 15 Sep 2000 10:47:08 +0200 Subject: Julian Sprung's email. In-Reply-To: References: <007e01c01eb7$55880580$03477aa6@waquarium.org> Message-ID: <3.0.6.32.20000915104708.007af100@post.tau.ac.il> Hi all, I don't know if these messages were supposed to be on the list or not...but I'd like to add my own "two cents worth". The phenomenon of tissue regrowth from residual tissues found in corals with deep set calices has been recorded as well for free living fungiid corals by Paul Jokiel and Dave Krupp as pertaining to "fresh water kills" as well as colonial species as Cindy pointed out. Sorry I missed the SICB meeting would have liked to hear more. In our own work on fungiids here in the Red Sea we (Yossi Loya and myself) also reported how experimentally induced tissue damage as well as "tissue only" explants caused the development of new anthocauli. We also noticed similar phenomena of tissue regrowth in some Acroporid and Faviid species following apparent tissue denuding. It seem that these corals are proving to be quite resilient. Many questions arise such as are the tissues regrowing to fill the original calices or do they use the calices as guides for further perhaps light calcification? Are we sure that during these stresses tissues are not simply retracting into the calices as reported by Bown et al 1994 for heat stress in Coeloseris. At any rate I agree that this a fascinating area and hope to hear more about it in Bali. Cheers Esti Kramarsky-Winter At 11:58 15/09/00 +1000, Ove Hoegh-Guldberg wrote: >Hi Cindy, > >Yes - fascinating. This seems and area ripe for research projects (postgrad students!). Did you >publish the SICB Boston stuff? I would be very interested in having a look at it. The microclimate >idea also presents an additional explanation for the resilience of deep tissued corals like Porites >(I discussed this in the 1999 article from a point of view of reduced damage due to to low light >regions) ... deep tissues provide that reservior for promoting regrowth etc. > >You will be in Bali, right? > >Aloha, > >Ove > >PS Opening ceremonies - right now - did I miss an meeting or something? > > >-----Original Message----- >From: Cindy Hunter [mailto:cindyh at hawaii.edu] >Sent: Friday, 15 September 2000 11:51 AM >To: oveh at uq.edu.au; Bruce Carlson; Billy Causey >Cc: Bernard A. Thomassin; coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov >Subject: Re: Julian Sprung's email. > > >Dear Ove, > >The situation of "larger than they should be if they were from new sexual >recruits" is reminiscent of the "Phoenix effect" documented in Hawaii by >Paul Jokiel and others in Porites compressa. In this species, lowered >salinity caused by episodic rainfall and flooding events resulted in a >nearly complete loss of tissue on colony surfaces. The colonies most >affected by the "freshwater kill" were those in the shallowest water (the >lens of 15-18 ppt water extended to 1-2 m depth) and appeared (and smelled) >to be completely putrefied--covered in gray or black algal/fungal mats. >However, within two years, these nearshore reefs were once again fringed by >large (up to 1 m diameter) Porites compressa colonies. They couldn't have >been from new recruits. > >Dave Krupp and I presented an experimental verification of the phenomenon at >SICB in Boston in 1997. After osmotic shock, a layer of residual cells and >zoox shows up deep (0.5-1 cm) within the skeleton; these "ashes" can >apparently de- and redifferentiate to form coral tissues and polyps in a >matter of weeks. The twist in what you've seen in Pocillopora and >Stylophora (as we did in Montipora) is that these genera are much less >perforate than Porites, and the reservoir of viable tissues (and zoox) >appears in shaded undersides or between branches, regrowing up and around >the branches rather than from the inside out. > >In either case, it demonstrates (again) the remarkable resiliency that >resides in these coral-algal associations. What this means for our thinking >about their genetics, senescence, etc. is indeed interesting territory, > >Aloha, >Cindy > >P.S. Shouldn't you be at the Opening Ceremonies? > >----- Original Message ----- >From: Ove Hoegh-Guldberg >To: Bruce Carlson ; Billy Causey > >Cc: Bernard A. Thomassin ; > >Sent: Thursday, September 14, 2000 2:21 PM >Subject: RE: Julian Sprung's email. > > >> Dear Bruce, >> >> Very interesting - I am extremely interested in tracking microclimate >variability as you know. One >> thing has struck me (and I have a field observation to back it up) is that >these less stressful >> microclimates may represent reservoirs of coral and dinoflagellate tissue >for regrowth following >> bleaching events. After the 1998 bleaching event, we lost many corals - >Stylophora and Pocillpora >> were hit so hard at One tree Island that students who were working on >these species had to find >> alternative species to work on. I was convinced that this was akin to a >"local extinction event". >> To my surprise, almost the same abundance of large colonies of these two >species could be found in >> surveys done in 2000 as prior to 1998. The size of the heads made it seem >impossible for these >> individuals to be the result of settlement and growth over 18 months. >Where did these coral >> colonies come from? I suspect that the internal areas of the Stylophora >and Pocillopora coral heads >> survived (lower light) and that the coral heads that I thought were >completely dead in fact >> regenerated from these living internal regions. Could the internal >shading provided by coral heads >> act as a defence against thermal stress? Interesting area. >> >> Cheers, >> >> Ove >> >> -----Original Message----- >> From: owner-coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov >> [mailto:owner-coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov]On Behalf Of Bruce Carlson >> Sent: Monday, 28 August 2000 8:15 AM >> To: oveh at uq.edu.au; Billy Causey >> Cc: Bernard A. Thomassin; coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov >> Subject: Re: Julian Sprung's email. >> >> >> Ove, >> >> Just to add some anecdotal observations I made in Fiji and Palau that seem >> to be consistent with your hypothesis: very small acroporids (better >> surface to volume ratio?), and those in the shade under larger colonies >were >> the few survivors, and on the Suva barrier reef (where the water flow is >> strong), one patch of Acropora muricata that I have monitored since 1972 >was >> bleached in April -- or so it appeared on first inspection. However, the >> undersides of every branch were brown -- apparently a shading effect (by >> brown, I mean "normal" in appearance presumably with zooxanthellae present >> in large numbers). Temperature, sunlight and water flow must all have an >> effect. I recorded this on video tape. I did not notice this on any of >the >> bleached corals on the outer barrier reef where mortality among acroporids >> approached 100%. I will check this colony again in November to see if it >has >> recovered. >> >> Unrelated to bleaching, the Suva barrier reef has been overgrown by >> Sargassum since 1972. I first noticed it growing around the corals in >1995, >> but this year it has taken over on top of the reef (I have photos showing >> the progression over the years). It snags on the Porites cylindrica and >has >> killed those large old colonies. The only coral colony free of the >> Sargassum was "my" old A. muricata colony. Presumably the large Stegastes >> sp. damsels in that patch are keeping it clean = a small oasis in a "sea >of >> Sargassum". Why is the Sargassum taking over? My first guess would be >> increased nutrients over the years from farming, coming down the nearby >Rewa >> river delta, but over fishing of herbivores may also be a factor. >> >> Bruce >> >> ----- Original Message ----- >> From: Ove Hoegh-Guldberg >> To: Billy Causey >> Cc: Bruce Carlson ; Bernard A. Thomassin >> ; >> Sent: Sunday, August 27, 2000 11:13 AM >> Subject: RE: Julian Sprung's email. >> >> >> > Dear Bill, >> > >> > Interesting comments. My feeling is that oxygen is involved (either as >an >> promoter of the >> > photoinhibitory production and build-up of active oxygen within the >> zooxanthellae - that is, as a >> > secondary variable). We know that thermal stress collapses oxygen >> production and increases >> > respiration (see papers by Coles and Jokiel: Marine Biology. 1977; >> 43:209-216, Hoegh-Guldberg and >> > Smith - J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 1989; 129:279-303 and others). If the >> photosynthetic production of >> > oxygen is down and respiration is up (and probably, bacterial >consumption >> up due to decaying >> > tissue), then oxygen at night over reefs under low flow (especially on >> reefs where corals dominate) >> > would be expected to decrease, perhaps to critical levels. While not a >> primary factor, I would see >> > this as an important follow on effect. It may actually be an important >> determinant of mortality. >> > >> > I am interested in following up the aggravating effect of oxygen - it >> would be useful if oxygen was >> > monitored during the next set of bleaching events. Perhaps water motion >> (over small patches of >> > reef) might help ameliorate the ultimate impact of a thermal event. >Just >> a thought. That and >> > shading a reef might be useful for managers of small show pieces of >reefs. >> But - just for those >> > journalists our there - this would not be useful for anything more than >a >> few hundred square metres! >> > >> > Cheers to all, >> > >> > Ove >> > >> > -----Original Message----- >> > From: owner-coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov >> > [mailto:owner-coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov]On Behalf Of Billy Causey >> > Sent: Monday, 28 August 2000 1:25 AM >> > To: oveh at uq.edu.au >> > Cc: Bruce Carlson; Bernard A. Thomassin; coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov >> > Subject: Re: Julian Sprung's email. >> > >> > >> > Ove and others, >> > >> > I am interested in your comments about the role of oxygen. For years I >> have sounded like a broken >> > record, exclaiming that while hot water is one of the stressors leading >to >> coral bleaching, that I >> > suspect the slick-calm, doldrum weather patterns lead to a drop in >> dissolved oxygen levels in the >> > coral >> > reef environment, especially at night. I sometimes think we take the >> level of dissolved oxygen on >> > coral reefs for granted .... and tend to not believe there could be a >> significant enough change to >> > affect corals for example. >> > >> > During years when we have had severe bleaching in the Florida Keys, I >have >> observed reef fish >> > respiring >> > very heavily .... in the middle of the day. So I have often suspected >the >> oxygen levels as being >> > low >> > .... during "hot water" events ... even during daylight hours. >> > >> > Is it possible that the zooxanethellae, existing inside the coral polyp >> tissue starts competing with >> > the coral polyp for oxygen at night ... when dissolved oxygen levels are >> low anyway .... and >> > something >> > has to give? Imagine ... day after day and night after night, during >> periods of low mixing and >> > natural >> > aeration of surface waters, the oxygen level drops below a threshold and >> the coral polyp is in a >> > state >> > of competing for oxygen with the zooxanethellae. >> > >> > Folks ... be kind to me! I am not a coral physiologist, in fact I >wasn't >> very good in biochemistry >> > .... just a coral reef manager with thousands of hours of observations >> that make me think the coral >> > bleaching trigger and mechanisms are simpler than we realize. I am >> curious about opinions on this >> > idea. >> > >> > Cheers, Billy Causey >> > >> > Ove Hoegh-Guldberg wrote: >> > >> > > Flow probably has some effect through the removal of some of the >> feedback effects of the high >> > oxygen >> > > tensions that occur during the daylight hours. If the increased >> production of active oxygen after >> > > thermal stress (a'la Jones et al 1998, reviewed in Hoegh-Guldberg >1999), >> then flow might have an >> > > ameliorating effect through the decreased boundary layer thickness and >> hence oxygen tensions close >> > > to coral surfaces. >> > > >> > > Survival near rivers might be related to the decreased light stress >due >> to the higher turbidity of >> > > rivers. >> > > >> > > Just some ideas ... >> > > >> > > Cheers, >> > > >> > > Ove >> > > >> > > Professor Ove Hoegh-Guldberg >> > > Director, Centre for Marine Studies >> > > University of Queensland >> > > St Lucia, 4072, QLD >> > > >> > > Director, Heron, Stradborke and Low Isles Research Stations >> > > President, Australian Coral Reef Society >> > > >> > > Phone: +61 07 3365 4333 >> > > Fax: +61 07 3365 4755 >> > > Email: oveh at uq.edu.au >> > > http://www.marine.uq.edu.au/ohg/index.htm >> > > >> > > -----Original Message----- >> > > From: owner-coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov >> > > [mailto:owner-coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov]On Behalf Of Bruce >Carlson >> > > Sent: Saturday, 26 August 2000 4:15 AM >> > > To: Bernard A. Thomassin; coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov >> > > Subject: Re: Julian Sprung's email. >> > > >> > > Bernard, >> > > >> > > Did you also notice that corals in areas with swift flowing water >> (usually >> > > from tides) also survived better than nearby reefs with low flows? I >> > > noticed this in Fiji on the shallow barrier reef of the University of >> the >> > > South Pacific, and in Palau near the lighthouse reef -- both are >similar >> > > reef environments with strong laminar water flow (the water is shallow >> > > enough to stand up at mid-tide, but the current knocks you over -- I >> don't >> > > have a more precise current measurement). Why would flow rate matter? >> > > Perhaps there is something related to diffusion rates (which would >> increase >> > > in strong water flow) which offers some protection during >bleaching???? >> If >> > > Ove is right about superoxides forming during warm water events, maybe >> this >> > > observation is relevant. >> > > >> > > Also, in Fiji, we noticed that reefs near river mouths also showed >good >> > > survival rates. The outer barrier reefs in Palau and Fiji seemed to >be >> hit >> > > the hardest. >> > > >> > > Bruce >> > > >> > > ----- Original Message ----- >> > > From: Bernard A. Thomassin >> > > To: >> > > Sent: Friday, August 25, 2000 6:30 AM >> > > Subject: Re: Julian Sprung's email. >> > > >> > > > >> > > > Jonathan.Kelsey at noaa.gov wrote : >> > > > >> > > > >-Are these generally accepted concepts? >> > > > >-Can one accurately assess coral mortality rates associated with a >> > > bleachin >> > > > >event after "a matter of just a few days"? >> > > > >-Are there quantitative studies showing that there is a greater >> bleaching >> > > > >survival rate among corals in polluted waters versus those in >> > > non-polluted >> > > > >water? -Any comments and/or further discussion would be greatly >> > > appreciated. >> > > > >> > > > We will presented a poste about the subject at bali meeting. In >> Mayotte >> > > > Is., North Mozambique Channel, a huge bleaching occurred in 1998 >> spring >> > > > (end of summer season there) and most of 90 percent of the shallow >> coral >> > > of >> > > > the barrier reefs died. >> > > > Those corals that surveyed the best are from the muddy >environnements >> in >> > > > bays, on fringing reef fronts and patches, even the harbour !why ? >> Because >> > > > the corals living in oceanic cooler waters of the barrier reef belt >> (170 >> > > km >> > > > long) are less adapted to tolerate hot waters and high level of >light >> > > (some >> > > > got "sun burns" as table acroporas). In opposite population of >corals >> > > (same >> > > > species) living in neritic coastal waters, in inner areas of the >> lagoon, >> > > > are genetically more adapted to tolerate : high temperature, turbid >> waters >> > > > after rainfalls, even falls of salinity. Today in Mayotte, probably >> the >> > > > recovering ibn coral of the mid-lagoon patch reefs (recruitement) is >> due >> > > to >> > > > larvae coming from these coastal coral populations. These is one of >> the >> > > > main reasons to protect these "special" reefs in muddy environments >> from >> > > > all the effects of coastal works (marinas, dredgings, infilling of >> > > littoral >> > > > for roads, etc...). >> > > > >> > > > This is a good way for researches.. and from where larvae that >recruit >> are >> > > > coming. >> > > > >> > > > Bernard A. Thomassin >> > > > Directeur de recherches au C.N.R.S. >> > > > >> > > > G.I.S. "Lag-May" >> > > > (Groupement d'Int=E9r=EAt Scientifique Environnement marin et >littoral >> de >> > > > Mayotte") >> > > > & Centre d'Oceanologie de Marseille, >> > > > Station Marine d'Endoume, >> > > > rue de la Batterie des Lions, >> > > > 13007 Marseille >> > > > 9l. (33) 04 91 0416 17 >> > > > 9l. GSM 06 63 14 91 78 >> > > > fax. (33) 04 91 04 16 35 (0 l'attention de...) >> > > > e-mail : thomassi at sme.com.univ-mrs.fr >> > > > >> > > > >> > > > >> > >> > -- >> > Billy D. Causey, Superintendent >> > Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary >> > PO Box 500368 >> > Marathon, FL 33050 >> > Phone (305) 743.2437, Fax (305) 743.2357 >> > http://www.fknms.nos.noaa.gov/ >> > >> > >> > >> > >> >> >> > > > From wallison at dhivehinet.net.mv Fri Sep 15 01:53:01 2000 From: wallison at dhivehinet.net.mv (William Allison) Date: Fri, 15 Sep 2000 13:53:01 +0800 Subject: Julian Sprung's email. References: Message-ID: <000201c01ef3$5ce26140$20f695ca@net.mv> I am seeing something similar happening with shallow water Goniastrea retiformis and some branching Porites in Maldives. In both tissue is growing back out of crevices. Haven't observed the same for Acropora or Pocillopora in shallow water but may have missed it in deeper water. Bill William (Bill) Allison Kothanmaage - South Apt. S-05 Maaveyomagu, Marfannu Male MALDIVES Phone: (960) 32 9667 Fax: (960) 32 4865 or 6884 email: wallison at dhivehinet.net.mv ----- Original Message ----- From: "Ove Hoegh-Guldberg" To: "Bruce Carlson" ; "Billy Causey" Cc: "Bernard A. Thomassin" ; Sent: Friday, September 15, 2000 07:11 Subject: RE: Julian Sprung's email. > Dear Bruce, > > Very interesting - I am extremely interested in tracking microclimate variability as you know. One > thing has struck me (and I have a field observation to back it up) is that these less stressful > microclimates may represent reservoirs of coral and dinoflagellate tissue for regrowth following > bleaching events. After the 1998 bleaching event, we lost many corals - Stylophora and Pocillpora > were hit so hard at One tree Island that students who were working on these species had to find > alternative species to work on. I was convinced that this was akin to a "local extinction event". > To my surprise, almost the same abundance of large colonies of these two species could be found in > surveys done in 2000 as prior to 1998. The size of the heads made it seem impossible for these > individuals to be the result of settlement and growth over 18 months. Where did these coral > colonies come from? I suspect that the internal areas of the Stylophora and Pocillopora coral heads > survived (lower light) and that the coral heads that I thought were completely dead in fact > regenerated from these living internal regions. Could the internal shading provided by coral heads > act as a defence against thermal stress? Interesting area. > > Cheers, > > Ove > > -----Original Message----- > From: owner-coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov > [mailto:owner-coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov]On Behalf Of Bruce Carlson > Sent: Monday, 28 August 2000 8:15 AM > To: oveh at uq.edu.au; Billy Causey > Cc: Bernard A. Thomassin; coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov > Subject: Re: Julian Sprung's email. > > > Ove, > > Just to add some anecdotal observations I made in Fiji and Palau that seem > to be consistent with your hypothesis: very small acroporids (better > surface to volume ratio?), and those in the shade under larger colonies were > the few survivors, and on the Suva barrier reef (where the water flow is > strong), one patch of Acropora muricata that I have monitored since 1972 was > bleached in April -- or so it appeared on first inspection. However, the > undersides of every branch were brown -- apparently a shading effect (by > brown, I mean "normal" in appearance presumably with zooxanthellae present > in large numbers). Temperature, sunlight and water flow must all have an > effect. I recorded this on video tape. I did not notice this on any of the > bleached corals on the outer barrier reef where mortality among acroporids > approached 100%. I will check this colony again in November to see if it has > recovered. > > Unrelated to bleaching, the Suva barrier reef has been overgrown by > Sargassum since 1972. I first noticed it growing around the corals in 1995, > but this year it has taken over on top of the reef (I have photos showing > the progression over the years). It snags on the Porites cylindrica and has > killed those large old colonies. The only coral colony free of the > Sargassum was "my" old A. muricata colony. Presumably the large Stegastes > sp. damsels in that patch are keeping it clean = a small oasis in a "sea of > Sargassum". Why is the Sargassum taking over? My first guess would be > increased nutrients over the years from farming, coming down the nearby Rewa > river delta, but over fishing of herbivores may also be a factor. > > Bruce > > ----- Original Message ----- > From: Ove Hoegh-Guldberg > To: Billy Causey > Cc: Bruce Carlson ; Bernard A. Thomassin > ; > Sent: Sunday, August 27, 2000 11:13 AM > Subject: RE: Julian Sprung's email. > > > > Dear Bill, > > > > Interesting comments. My feeling is that oxygen is involved (either as an > promoter of the > > photoinhibitory production and build-up of active oxygen within the > zooxanthellae - that is, as a > > secondary variable). We know that thermal stress collapses oxygen > production and increases > > respiration (see papers by Coles and Jokiel: Marine Biology. 1977; > 43:209-216, Hoegh-Guldberg and > > Smith - J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 1989; 129:279-303 and others). If the > photosynthetic production of > > oxygen is down and respiration is up (and probably, bacterial consumption > up due to decaying > > tissue), then oxygen at night over reefs under low flow (especially on > reefs where corals dominate) > > would be expected to decrease, perhaps to critical levels. While not a > primary factor, I would see > > this as an important follow on effect. It may actually be an important > determinant of mortality. > > > > I am interested in following up the aggravating effect of oxygen - it > would be useful if oxygen was > > monitored during the next set of bleaching events. Perhaps water motion > (over small patches of > > reef) might help ameliorate the ultimate impact of a thermal event. Just > a thought. That and > > shading a reef might be useful for managers of small show pieces of reefs. > But - just for those > > journalists our there - this would not be useful for anything more than a > few hundred square metres! > > > > Cheers to all, > > > > Ove > > > > -----Original Message----- > > From: owner-coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov > > [mailto:owner-coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov]On Behalf Of Billy Causey > > Sent: Monday, 28 August 2000 1:25 AM > > To: oveh at uq.edu.au > > Cc: Bruce Carlson; Bernard A. Thomassin; coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov > > Subject: Re: Julian Sprung's email. > > > > > > Ove and others, > > > > I am interested in your comments about the role of oxygen. For years I > have sounded like a broken > > record, exclaiming that while hot water is one of the stressors leading to > coral bleaching, that I > > suspect the slick-calm, doldrum weather patterns lead to a drop in > dissolved oxygen levels in the > > coral > > reef environment, especially at night. I sometimes think we take the > level of dissolved oxygen on > > coral reefs for granted .... and tend to not believe there could be a > significant enough change to > > affect corals for example. > > > > During years when we have had severe bleaching in the Florida Keys, I have > observed reef fish > > respiring > > very heavily .... in the middle of the day. So I have often suspected the > oxygen levels as being > > low > > .... during "hot water" events ... even during daylight hours. > > > > Is it possible that the zooxanethellae, existing inside the coral polyp > tissue starts competing with > > the coral polyp for oxygen at night ... when dissolved oxygen levels are > low anyway .... and > > something > > has to give? Imagine ... day after day and night after night, during > periods of low mixing and > > natural > > aeration of surface waters, the oxygen level drops below a threshold and > the coral polyp is in a > > state > > of competing for oxygen with the zooxanethellae. > > > > Folks ... be kind to me! I am not a coral physiologist, in fact I wasn't > very good in biochemistry > > .... just a coral reef manager with thousands of hours of observations > that make me think the coral > > bleaching trigger and mechanisms are simpler than we realize. I am > curious about opinions on this > > idea. > > > > Cheers, Billy Causey > > > > Ove Hoegh-Guldberg wrote: > > > > > Flow probably has some effect through the removal of some of the > feedback effects of the high > > oxygen > > > tensions that occur during the daylight hours. If the increased > production of active oxygen after > > > thermal stress (a'la Jones et al 1998, reviewed in Hoegh-Guldberg 1999), > then flow might have an > > > ameliorating effect through the decreased boundary layer thickness and > hence oxygen tensions close > > > to coral surfaces. > > > > > > Survival near rivers might be related to the decreased light stress due > to the higher turbidity of > > > rivers. > > > > > > Just some ideas ... > > > > > > Cheers, > > > > > > Ove > > > > > > Professor Ove Hoegh-Guldberg > > > Director, Centre for Marine Studies > > > University of Queensland > > > St Lucia, 4072, QLD > > > > > > Director, Heron, Stradborke and Low Isles Research Stations > > > President, Australian Coral Reef Society > > > > > > Phone: +61 07 3365 4333 > > > Fax: +61 07 3365 4755 > > > Email: oveh at uq.edu.au > > > http://www.marine.uq.edu.au/ohg/index.htm > > > > > > -----Original Message----- > > > From: owner-coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov > > > [mailto:owner-coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov]On Behalf Of Bruce Carlson > > > Sent: Saturday, 26 August 2000 4:15 AM > > > To: Bernard A. Thomassin; coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov > > > Subject: Re: Julian Sprung's email. > > > > > > Bernard, > > > > > > Did you also notice that corals in areas with swift flowing water > (usually > > > from tides) also survived better than nearby reefs with low flows? I > > > noticed this in Fiji on the shallow barrier reef of the University of > the > > > South Pacific, and in Palau near the lighthouse reef -- both are similar > > > reef environments with strong laminar water flow (the water is shallow > > > enough to stand up at mid-tide, but the current knocks you over -- I > don't > > > have a more precise current measurement). Why would flow rate matter? > > > Perhaps there is something related to diffusion rates (which would > increase > > > in strong water flow) which offers some protection during bleaching???? > If > > > Ove is right about superoxides forming during warm water events, maybe > this > > > observation is relevant. > > > > > > Also, in Fiji, we noticed that reefs near river mouths also showed good > > > survival rates. The outer barrier reefs in Palau and Fiji seemed to be > hit > > > the hardest. > > > > > > Bruce > > > > > > ----- Original Message ----- > > > From: Bernard A. Thomassin > > > To: > > > Sent: Friday, August 25, 2000 6:30 AM > > > Subject: Re: Julian Sprung's email. > > > > > > > > > > > Jonathan.Kelsey at noaa.gov wrote : > > > > > > > > >-Are these generally accepted concepts? > > > > >-Can one accurately assess coral mortality rates associated with a > > > bleachin > > > > >event after "a matter of just a few days"? > > > > >-Are there quantitative studies showing that there is a greater > bleaching > > > > >survival rate among corals in polluted waters versus those in > > > non-polluted > > > > >water? -Any comments and/or further discussion would be greatly > > > appreciated. > > > > > > > > We will presented a poste about the subject at bali meeting. In > Mayotte > > > > Is., North Mozambique Channel, a huge bleaching occurred in 1998 > spring > > > > (end of summer season there) and most of 90 percent of the shallow > coral > > > of > > > > the barrier reefs died. > > > > Those corals that surveyed the best are from the muddy environnements > in > > > > bays, on fringing reef fronts and patches, even the harbour !why ? > Because > > > > the corals living in oceanic cooler waters of the barrier reef belt > (170 > > > km > > > > long) are less adapted to tolerate hot waters and high level of light > > > (some > > > > got "sun burns" as table acroporas). In opposite population of corals > > > (same > > > > species) living in neritic coastal waters, in inner areas of the > lagoon, > > > > are genetically more adapted to tolerate : high temperature, turbid > waters > > > > after rainfalls, even falls of salinity. Today in Mayotte, probably > the > > > > recovering ibn coral of the mid-lagoon patch reefs (recruitement) is > due > > > to > > > > larvae coming from these coastal coral populations. These is one of > the > > > > main reasons to protect these "special" reefs in muddy environments > from > > > > all the effects of coastal works (marinas, dredgings, infilling of > > > littoral > > > > for roads, etc...). > > > > > > > > This is a good way for researches.. and from where larvae that recruit > are > > > > coming. > > > > > > > > Bernard A. Thomassin > > > > Directeur de recherches au C.N.R.S. > > > > > > > > G.I.S. "Lag-May" > > > > (Groupement d'Int=E9r=EAt Scientifique Environnement marin et littoral > de > > > > Mayotte") > > > > & Centre d'Oceanologie de Marseille, > > > > Station Marine d'Endoume, > > > > rue de la Batterie des Lions, > > > > 13007 Marseille > > > > 9l. (33) 04 91 0416 17 > > > > 9l. GSM 06 63 14 91 78 > > > > fax. (33) 04 91 04 16 35 (0 l'attention de...) > > > > e-mail : thomassi at sme.com.univ-mrs.fr > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > -- > > Billy D. Causey, Superintendent > > Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary > > PO Box 500368 > > Marathon, FL 33050 > > Phone (305) 743.2437, Fax (305) 743.2357 > > http://www.fknms.nos.noaa.gov/ > > > > > > > > > > From JSprung at compuserve.com Fri Sep 15 09:53:28 2000 From: JSprung at compuserve.com (Julian Sprung) Date: Fri, 15 Sep 2000 09:53:28 -0400 Subject: Julian Sprung's email Message-ID: <200009150953_MC2-B36F-B87F@compuserve.com> Dear list, I agree that the surprizing recovery is primarily an effect of surviving tissue in the shade or deep in the skeleton, but thought I'd add a little more to the rebirth concept. Consider also the (not new?) idea that corals may sometimes be "re-born" by recruiting onto the skeletons of recently killed colonies and then rapidly spreading tissue to cover the exposed skeleton. Since mass temp induced bleaching/death occurs approximately at the same time as mass spawning, it is POSSSIBLE (particularly for Pocilloporids I think) to repopulate heads that have died just a few days earlier, with minimal interference from algae. Dying Pocilloporids also tend to show polyp bail out (with the possibility of recruiting) while Acroporids simply rot. I'm sure that Ove's observation of Seriatopora was just shaded tissue regrowth, however. One of the most amazing re-births I've witnessed occurs in Psammocora. It apparently has deep tissue. I have seen colonies (yes plural, at various times) apparently die completely and then send out tissue in spots all over the surface that grow and recover the colony. These are aquarium observations. Julian From bztrec at btl.net Fri Sep 15 11:06:43 2000 From: bztrec at btl.net (Belize Marine TREC) Date: Fri, 15 Sep 2000 09:06:43 -0600 Subject: Coral reservoirs Message-ID: <000d01c01f26$f9a91540$c2e090d0@oemcomputer> On the subject of reservoirs of coral for regrowth. I was very pleased to find this to be the situation with many colonies of Agaricia tenuifolia that appeared completely dead after the 1998 bleaching event in Belize. There appears to have been a reservoir surviving in the microclimate at the base of the "leaf" structures. Tissue re-covered areas from the base up as algae colonized from the top down. Eventually the algae covered areas broke away leaving healthy looking colonies. Ken Mattes -----Original Message----- From: Ove Hoegh-Guldberg To: Bruce Carlson ; Billy Causey Cc: Bernard A. Thomassin ; coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov Date: Thursday, September 14, 2000 6:13 AM Subject: RE: Julian Sprung's email. >Dear Bruce, > >Very interesting - I am extremely interested in tracking microclimate variability as you know. One >thing has struck me (and I have a field observation to back it up) is that these less stressful >microclimates may represent reservoirs of coral and dinoflagellate tissue for regrowth following >bleaching events. After the 1998 bleaching event, we lost many corals - Stylophora and Pocillpora >were hit so hard at One tree Island that students who were working on these species had to find >alternative species to work on. I was convinced that this was akin to a "local extinction event". >To my surprise, almost the same abundance of large colonies of these two species could be found in >surveys done in 2000 as prior to 1998. The size of the heads made it seem impossible for these >individuals to be the result of settlement and growth over 18 months. Where did these coral >colonies come from? I suspect that the internal areas of the Stylophora and Pocillopora coral heads >survived (lower light) and that the coral heads that I thought were completely dead in fact >regenerated from these living internal regions. Could the internal shading provided by coral heads >act as a defence against thermal stress? Interesting area. > >Cheers, > >Ove > >-----Original Message----- >From: owner-coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov >[mailto:owner-coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov]On Behalf Of Bruce Carlson >Sent: Monday, 28 August 2000 8:15 AM >To: oveh at uq.edu.au; Billy Causey >Cc: Bernard A. Thomassin; coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov >Subject: Re: Julian Sprung's email. > > >Ove, > >Just to add some anecdotal observations I made in Fiji and Palau that seem >to be consistent with your hypothesis: very small acroporids (better >surface to volume ratio?), and those in the shade under larger colonies were >the few survivors, and on the Suva barrier reef (where the water flow is >strong), one patch of Acropora muricata that I have monitored since 1972 was >bleached in April -- or so it appeared on first inspection. However, the >undersides of every branch were brown -- apparently a shading effect (by >brown, I mean "normal" in appearance presumably with zooxanthellae present >in large numbers). Temperature, sunlight and water flow must all have an >effect. I recorded this on video tape. I did not notice this on any of the >bleached corals on the outer barrier reef where mortality among acroporids >approached 100%. I will check this colony again in November to see if it has >recovered. > >Unrelated to bleaching, the Suva barrier reef has been overgrown by >Sargassum since 1972. I first noticed it growing around the corals in 1995, >but this year it has taken over on top of the reef (I have photos showing >the progression over the years). It snags on the Porites cylindrica and has >killed those large old colonies. The only coral colony free of the >Sargassum was "my" old A. muricata colony. Presumably the large Stegastes >sp. damsels in that patch are keeping it clean = a small oasis in a "sea of >Sargassum". Why is the Sargassum taking over? My first guess would be >increased nutrients over the years from farming, coming down the nearby Rewa >river delta, but over fishing of herbivores may also be a factor. > >Bruce > >----- Original Message ----- >From: Ove Hoegh-Guldberg >To: Billy Causey >Cc: Bruce Carlson ; Bernard A. Thomassin >; >Sent: Sunday, August 27, 2000 11:13 AM >Subject: RE: Julian Sprung's email. > > >> Dear Bill, >> >> Interesting comments. My feeling is that oxygen is involved (either as an >promoter of the >> photoinhibitory production and build-up of active oxygen within the >zooxanthellae - that is, as a >> secondary variable). We know that thermal stress collapses oxygen >production and increases >> respiration (see papers by Coles and Jokiel: Marine Biology. 1977; >43:209-216, Hoegh-Guldberg and >> Smith - J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 1989; 129:279-303 and others). If the >photosynthetic production of >> oxygen is down and respiration is up (and probably, bacterial consumption >up due to decaying >> tissue), then oxygen at night over reefs under low flow (especially on >reefs where corals dominate) >> would be expected to decrease, perhaps to critical levels. While not a >primary factor, I would see >> this as an important follow on effect. It may actually be an important >determinant of mortality. >> >> I am interested in following up the aggravating effect of oxygen - it >would be useful if oxygen was >> monitored during the next set of bleaching events. Perhaps water motion >(over small patches of >> reef) might help ameliorate the ultimate impact of a thermal event. Just >a thought. That and >> shading a reef might be useful for managers of small show pieces of reefs. >But - just for those >> journalists our there - this would not be useful for anything more than a >few hundred square metres! >> >> Cheers to all, >> >> Ove >> >> -----Original Message----- >> From: owner-coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov >> [mailto:owner-coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov]On Behalf Of Billy Causey >> Sent: Monday, 28 August 2000 1:25 AM >> To: oveh at uq.edu.au >> Cc: Bruce Carlson; Bernard A. Thomassin; coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov >> Subject: Re: Julian Sprung's email. >> >> >> Ove and others, >> >> I am interested in your comments about the role of oxygen. For years I >have sounded like a broken >> record, exclaiming that while hot water is one of the stressors leading to >coral bleaching, that I >> suspect the slick-calm, doldrum weather patterns lead to a drop in >dissolved oxygen levels in the >> coral >> reef environment, especially at night. I sometimes think we take the >level of dissolved oxygen on >> coral reefs for granted .... and tend to not believe there could be a >significant enough change to >> affect corals for example. >> >> During years when we have had severe bleaching in the Florida Keys, I have >observed reef fish >> respiring >> very heavily .... in the middle of the day. So I have often suspected the >oxygen levels as being >> low >> .... during "hot water" events ... even during daylight hours. >> >> Is it possible that the zooxanethellae, existing inside the coral polyp >tissue starts competing with >> the coral polyp for oxygen at night ... when dissolved oxygen levels are >low anyway .... and >> something >> has to give? Imagine ... day after day and night after night, during >periods of low mixing and >> natural >> aeration of surface waters, the oxygen level drops below a threshold and >the coral polyp is in a >> state >> of competing for oxygen with the zooxanethellae. >> >> Folks ... be kind to me! I am not a coral physiologist, in fact I wasn't >very good in biochemistry >> .... just a coral reef manager with thousands of hours of observations >that make me think the coral >> bleaching trigger and mechanisms are simpler than we realize. I am >curious about opinions on this >> idea. >> >> Cheers, Billy Causey >> >> Ove Hoegh-Guldberg wrote: >> >> > Flow probably has some effect through the removal of some of the >feedback effects of the high >> oxygen >> > tensions that occur during the daylight hours. If the increased >production of active oxygen after >> > thermal stress (a'la Jones et al 1998, reviewed in Hoegh-Guldberg 1999), >then flow might have an >> > ameliorating effect through the decreased boundary layer thickness and >hence oxygen tensions close >> > to coral surfaces. >> > >> > Survival near rivers might be related to the decreased light stress due >to the higher turbidity of >> > rivers. >> > >> > Just some ideas ... >> > >> > Cheers, >> > >> > Ove >> > >> > Professor Ove Hoegh-Guldberg >> > Director, Centre for Marine Studies >> > University of Queensland >> > St Lucia, 4072, QLD >> > >> > Director, Heron, Stradborke and Low Isles Research Stations >> > President, Australian Coral Reef Society >> > >> > Phone: +61 07 3365 4333 >> > Fax: +61 07 3365 4755 >> > Email: oveh at uq.edu.au >> > http://www.marine.uq.edu.au/ohg/index.htm >> > >> > -----Original Message----- >> > From: owner-coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov >> > [mailto:owner-coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov]On Behalf Of Bruce Carlson >> > Sent: Saturday, 26 August 2000 4:15 AM >> > To: Bernard A. Thomassin; coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov >> > Subject: Re: Julian Sprung's email. >> > >> > Bernard, >> > >> > Did you also notice that corals in areas with swift flowing water >(usually >> > from tides) also survived better than nearby reefs with low flows? I >> > noticed this in Fiji on the shallow barrier reef of the University of >the >> > South Pacific, and in Palau near the lighthouse reef -- both are similar >> > reef environments with strong laminar water flow (the water is shallow >> > enough to stand up at mid-tide, but the current knocks you over -- I >don't >> > have a more precise current measurement). Why would flow rate matter? >> > Perhaps there is something related to diffusion rates (which would >increase >> > in strong water flow) which offers some protection during bleaching???? >If >> > Ove is right about superoxides forming during warm water events, maybe >this >> > observation is relevant. >> > >> > Also, in Fiji, we noticed that reefs near river mouths also showed good >> > survival rates. The outer barrier reefs in Palau and Fiji seemed to be >hit >> > the hardest. >> > >> > Bruce >> > >> > ----- Original Message ----- >> > From: Bernard A. Thomassin >> > To: >> > Sent: Friday, August 25, 2000 6:30 AM >> > Subject: Re: Julian Sprung's email. >> > >> > > >> > > Jonathan.Kelsey at noaa.gov wrote : >> > > >> > > >-Are these generally accepted concepts? >> > > >-Can one accurately assess coral mortality rates associated with a >> > bleachin >> > > >event after "a matter of just a few days"? >> > > >-Are there quantitative studies showing that there is a greater >bleaching >> > > >survival rate among corals in polluted waters versus those in >> > non-polluted >> > > >water? -Any comments and/or further discussion would be greatly >> > appreciated. >> > > >> > > We will presented a poste about the subject at bali meeting. In >Mayotte >> > > Is., North Mozambique Channel, a huge bleaching occurred in 1998 >spring >> > > (end of summer season there) and most of 90 percent of the shallow >coral >> > of >> > > the barrier reefs died. >> > > Those corals that surveyed the best are from the muddy environnements >in >> > > bays, on fringing reef fronts and patches, even the harbour !why ? >Because >> > > the corals living in oceanic cooler waters of the barrier reef belt >(170 >> > km >> > > long) are less adapted to tolerate hot waters and high level of light >> > (some >> > > got "sun burns" as table acroporas). In opposite population of corals >> > (same >> > > species) living in neritic coastal waters, in inner areas of the >lagoon, >> > > are genetically more adapted to tolerate : high temperature, turbid >waters >> > > after rainfalls, even falls of salinity. Today in Mayotte, probably >the >> > > recovering ibn coral of the mid-lagoon patch reefs (recruitement) is >due >> > to >> > > larvae coming from these coastal coral populations. These is one of >the >> > > main reasons to protect these "special" reefs in muddy environments >from >> > > all the effects of coastal works (marinas, dredgings, infilling of >> > littoral >> > > for roads, etc...). >> > > >> > > This is a good way for researches.. and from where larvae that recruit >are >> > > coming. >> > > >> > > Bernard A. Thomassin >> > > Directeur de recherches au C.N.R.S. >> > > >> > > G.I.S. "Lag-May" >> > > (Groupement d'Int=E9r=EAt Scientifique Environnement marin et littoral >de >> > > Mayotte") >> > > & Centre d'Oceanologie de Marseille, >> > > Station Marine d'Endoume, >> > > rue de la Batterie des Lions, >> > > 13007 Marseille >> > > 9l. (33) 04 91 0416 17 >> > > 9l. GSM 06 63 14 91 78 >> > > fax. (33) 04 91 04 16 35 (0 l'attention de...) >> > > e-mail : thomassi at sme.com.univ-mrs.fr >> > > >> > > >> > > >> >> -- >> Billy D. Causey, Superintendent >> Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary >> PO Box 500368 >> Marathon, FL 33050 >> Phone (305) 743.2437, Fax (305) 743.2357 >> http://www.fknms.nos.noaa.gov/ >> >> >> >> > > From cmcdh at ultra.net.au Tue Sep 12 19:34:36 2000 From: cmcdh at ultra.net.au (David Hopley) Date: Wed, 13 Sep 2000 09:34:36 +1000 Subject: 9ICRS Program Message-ID: <200009131844.SAA20885@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> The Full Program for 9ICRS Bali 23-27 October is now available on the conference web page at www.nova.edu/ocean/9icrs It has 10 Plenary Sessions and breaks out into 14 concurrent sessions. The Program is final, but any withdrawals should be notified to the Chair of the Scientific Program Committee, Dr. David Hopley, email: David.Hopley at ultra.net.au There are also other important announcements (in news update section) regarding Audio Visual Equipment, Delivery of Bulk Items and Items for Sale at the conference. The instructions given should be strictly adhered to. President of ISRS Dr. Terry Done and Chair of the Scientific Program Committee, recently inspected the conference facilities which are very impressive and everything suggests that this will be a very successful conference. Dr. David Hopley Chair, Scientific Program Committee 9ICRS C/- CRC Reef Research Centre James Cook University TOWNSVILLE QLD 4811 AUSTRALIA Full Program for 9ICRS can now be viewed on our Web Page at: www.nova.edu/ocean/9icrs FAX: +61 7 4779 1400 From carlson at soest.hawaii.edu Fri Sep 15 14:40:24 2000 From: carlson at soest.hawaii.edu (Bruce Carlson) Date: Fri, 15 Sep 2000 08:40:24 -1000 Subject: Fw: Julian Sprung's email. Message-ID: <001501c01f44$692455c0$22477aa6@waquarium.org> ----- Original Message ----- From: Bruce Carlson To: Sent: Thursday, September 14, 2000 1:22 PM Subject: Re: Julian Sprung's email. > Ove, > > OK, I'll add a similar note to your observations, but different > circumstances. In the Solomon Islands in 1997 (which experienced some > signficant bleaching effects that year -- a precursor of the big event in > 1998 everywhere else!), one uninhabited island that we usually visit had > been hit hard by a hurricane. I had taken photos of some of the coral > stands on that island prior to the hurricane (and bleaching -- it was a > double-whammy). I was shocked to see the many large Isopora palifera > colonies all dead. These were really huge colonies with branches several > inches in diameter. All of them throughout the area we visited were dead -- > or so it seemed. They are now regrowing quite rapidly covering over the old > dead branches. Apparently little bits of tissue and polyps survive these > events, either from inside the corallum or just in protected nooks among the > branches. The new growth spreads in a sheet like fashion covering over the > old growth. I suspect in another 5 years many of these colonies will look > like nothing happened. > > Which makes me wonder about the huge Diploastrea and Porites corals that > appeared to have died in Palau in 1998 and Fiji in 2000. If they regrow the > same way, then they will "come back to life" (like Jokiel's "Phoenix corals" > in Kaneohe Bay after the freshwater die-off). If so, it may be premature to > say that any of these really old corals died in 1998 and that the big > bleaching event was thus the first such event in hundreds of years. If this > has happened in the past, there ought to be markers preserved in the growth > rings - but how to recognize them for certain? > > Aloha > Bruce > > ----- Original Message ----- > From: Ove Hoegh-Guldberg > To: Bruce Carlson ; Billy Causey > > Cc: Bernard A. Thomassin ; > > Sent: Thursday, September 14, 2000 1:11 PM > Subject: RE: Julian Sprung's email. > > > > Dear Bruce, > > > > Very interesting - I am extremely interested in tracking microclimate > variability as you know. One > > thing has struck me (and I have a field observation to back it up) is that > these less stressful > > microclimates may represent reservoirs of coral and dinoflagellate tissue > for regrowth following > > bleaching events. After the 1998 bleaching event, we lost many corals - > Stylophora and Pocillpora > > were hit so hard at One tree Island that students who were working on > these species had to find > > alternative species to work on. I was convinced that this was akin to a > "local extinction event". > > To my surprise, almost the same abundance of large colonies of these two > species could be found in > > surveys done in 2000 as prior to 1998. The size of the heads made it seem > impossible for these > > individuals to be the result of settlement and growth over 18 months. > Where did these coral > > colonies come from? I suspect that the internal areas of the Stylophora > and Pocillopora coral heads > > survived (lower light) and that the coral heads that I thought were > completely dead in fact > > regenerated from these living internal regions. Could the internal > shading provided by coral heads > > act as a defence against thermal stress? Interesting area. > > > > Cheers, > > > > Ove > > > > -----Original Message----- > > From: owner-coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov > > [mailto:owner-coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov]On Behalf Of Bruce Carlson > > Sent: Monday, 28 August 2000 8:15 AM > > To: oveh at uq.edu.au; Billy Causey > > Cc: Bernard A. Thomassin; coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov > > Subject: Re: Julian Sprung's email. > > > > > > Ove, > > > > Just to add some anecdotal observations I made in Fiji and Palau that seem > > to be consistent with your hypothesis: very small acroporids (better > > surface to volume ratio?), and those in the shade under larger colonies > were > > the few survivors, and on the Suva barrier reef (where the water flow is > > strong), one patch of Acropora muricata that I have monitored since 1972 > was > > bleached in April -- or so it appeared on first inspection. However, the > > undersides of every branch were brown -- apparently a shading effect (by > > brown, I mean "normal" in appearance presumably with zooxanthellae present > > in large numbers). Temperature, sunlight and water flow must all have an > > effect. I recorded this on video tape. I did not notice this on any of > the > > bleached corals on the outer barrier reef where mortality among acroporids > > approached 100%. I will check this colony again in November to see if it > has > > recovered. > > > > Unrelated to bleaching, the Suva barrier reef has been overgrown by > > Sargassum since 1972. I first noticed it growing around the corals in > 1995, > > but this year it has taken over on top of the reef (I have photos showing > > the progression over the years). It snags on the Porites cylindrica and > has > > killed those large old colonies. The only coral colony free of the > > Sargassum was "my" old A. muricata colony. Presumably the large Stegastes > > sp. damsels in that patch are keeping it clean = a small oasis in a "sea > of > > Sargassum". Why is the Sargassum taking over? My first guess would be > > increased nutrients over the years from farming, coming down the nearby > Rewa > > river delta, but over fishing of herbivores may also be a factor. > > > > Bruce > > > > ----- Original Message ----- > > From: Ove Hoegh-Guldberg > > To: Billy Causey > > Cc: Bruce Carlson ; Bernard A. Thomassin > > ; > > Sent: Sunday, August 27, 2000 11:13 AM > > Subject: RE: Julian Sprung's email. > > > > > > > Dear Bill, > > > > > > Interesting comments. My feeling is that oxygen is involved (either as > an > > promoter of the > > > photoinhibitory production and build-up of active oxygen within the > > zooxanthellae - that is, as a > > > secondary variable). We know that thermal stress collapses oxygen > > production and increases > > > respiration (see papers by Coles and Jokiel: Marine Biology. 1977; > > 43:209-216, Hoegh-Guldberg and > > > Smith - J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 1989; 129:279-303 and others). If the > > photosynthetic production of > > > oxygen is down and respiration is up (and probably, bacterial > consumption > > up due to decaying > > > tissue), then oxygen at night over reefs under low flow (especially on > > reefs where corals dominate) > > > would be expected to decrease, perhaps to critical levels. While not a > > primary factor, I would see > > > this as an important follow on effect. It may actually be an important > > determinant of mortality. > > > > > > I am interested in following up the aggravating effect of oxygen - it > > would be useful if oxygen was > > > monitored during the next set of bleaching events. Perhaps water motion > > (over small patches of > > > reef) might help ameliorate the ultimate impact of a thermal event. > Just > > a thought. That and > > > shading a reef might be useful for managers of small show pieces of > reefs. > > But - just for those > > > journalists our there - this would not be useful for anything more than > a > > few hundred square metres! > > > > > > Cheers to all, > > > > > > Ove > > > > > > -----Original Message----- > > > From: owner-coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov > > > [mailto:owner-coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov]On Behalf Of Billy Causey > > > Sent: Monday, 28 August 2000 1:25 AM > > > To: oveh at uq.edu.au > > > Cc: Bruce Carlson; Bernard A. Thomassin; coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov > > > Subject: Re: Julian Sprung's email. > > > > > > > > > Ove and others, > > > > > > I am interested in your comments about the role of oxygen. For years I > > have sounded like a broken > > > record, exclaiming that while hot water is one of the stressors leading > to > > coral bleaching, that I > > > suspect the slick-calm, doldrum weather patterns lead to a drop in > > dissolved oxygen levels in the > > > coral > > > reef environment, especially at night. I sometimes think we take the > > level of dissolved oxygen on > > > coral reefs for granted .... and tend to not believe there could be a > > significant enough change to > > > affect corals for example. > > > > > > During years when we have had severe bleaching in the Florida Keys, I > have > > observed reef fish > > > respiring > > > very heavily .... in the middle of the day. So I have often suspected > the > > oxygen levels as being > > > low > > > .... during "hot water" events ... even during daylight hours. > > > > > > Is it possible that the zooxanethellae, existing inside the coral polyp > > tissue starts competing with > > > the coral polyp for oxygen at night ... when dissolved oxygen levels are > > low anyway .... and > > > something > > > has to give? Imagine ... day after day and night after night, during > > periods of low mixing and > > > natural > > > aeration of surface waters, the oxygen level drops below a threshold and > > the coral polyp is in a > > > state > > > of competing for oxygen with the zooxanethellae. > > > > > > Folks ... be kind to me! I am not a coral physiologist, in fact I > wasn't > > very good in biochemistry > > > .... just a coral reef manager with thousands of hours of observations > > that make me think the coral > > > bleaching trigger and mechanisms are simpler than we realize. I am > > curious about opinions on this > > > idea. > > > > > > Cheers, Billy Causey > > > > > > Ove Hoegh-Guldberg wrote: > > > > > > > Flow probably has some effect through the removal of some of the > > feedback effects of the high > > > oxygen > > > > tensions that occur during the daylight hours. If the increased > > production of active oxygen after > > > > thermal stress (a'la Jones et al 1998, reviewed in Hoegh-Guldberg > 1999), > > then flow might have an > > > > ameliorating effect through the decreased boundary layer thickness and > > hence oxygen tensions close > > > > to coral surfaces. > > > > > > > > Survival near rivers might be related to the decreased light stress > due > > to the higher turbidity of > > > > rivers. > > > > > > > > Just some ideas ... > > > > > > > > Cheers, > > > > > > > > Ove > > > > > > > > Professor Ove Hoegh-Guldberg > > > > Director, Centre for Marine Studies > > > > University of Queensland > > > > St Lucia, 4072, QLD > > > > > > > > Director, Heron, Stradborke and Low Isles Research Stations > > > > President, Australian Coral Reef Society > > > > > > > > Phone: +61 07 3365 4333 > > > > Fax: +61 07 3365 4755 > > > > Email: oveh at uq.edu.au > > > > http://www.marine.uq.edu.au/ohg/index.htm > > > > > > > > -----Original Message----- > > > > From: owner-coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov > > > > [mailto:owner-coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov]On Behalf Of Bruce > Carlson > > > > Sent: Saturday, 26 August 2000 4:15 AM > > > > To: Bernard A. Thomassin; coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov > > > > Subject: Re: Julian Sprung's email. > > > > > > > > Bernard, > > > > > > > > Did you also notice that corals in areas with swift flowing water > > (usually > > > > from tides) also survived better than nearby reefs with low flows? I > > > > noticed this in Fiji on the shallow barrier reef of the University of > > the > > > > South Pacific, and in Palau near the lighthouse reef -- both are > similar > > > > reef environments with strong laminar water flow (the water is shallow > > > > enough to stand up at mid-tide, but the current knocks you over -- I > > don't > > > > have a more precise current measurement). Why would flow rate matter? > > > > Perhaps there is something related to diffusion rates (which would > > increase > > > > in strong water flow) which offers some protection during > bleaching???? > > If > > > > Ove is right about superoxides forming during warm water events, maybe > > this > > > > observation is relevant. > > > > > > > > Also, in Fiji, we noticed that reefs near river mouths also showed > good > > > > survival rates. The outer barrier reefs in Palau and Fiji seemed to > be > > hit > > > > the hardest. > > > > > > > > Bruce > > > > > > > > ----- Original Message ----- > > > > From: Bernard A. Thomassin > > > > To: > > > > Sent: Friday, August 25, 2000 6:30 AM > > > > Subject: Re: Julian Sprung's email. > > > > > > > > > > > > > > Jonathan.Kelsey at noaa.gov wrote : > > > > > > > > > > >-Are these generally accepted concepts? > > > > > >-Can one accurately assess coral mortality rates associated with a > > > > bleachin > > > > > >event after "a matter of just a few days"? > > > > > >-Are there quantitative studies showing that there is a greater > > bleaching > > > > > >survival rate among corals in polluted waters versus those in > > > > non-polluted > > > > > >water? -Any comments and/or further discussion would be greatly > > > > appreciated. > > > > > > > > > > We will presented a poste about the subject at bali meeting. In > > Mayotte > > > > > Is., North Mozambique Channel, a huge bleaching occurred in 1998 > > spring > > > > > (end of summer season there) and most of 90 percent of the shallow > > coral > > > > of > > > > > the barrier reefs died. > > > > > Those corals that surveyed the best are from the muddy > environnements > > in > > > > > bays, on fringing reef fronts and patches, even the harbour !why ? > > Because > > > > > the corals living in oceanic cooler waters of the barrier reef belt > > (170 > > > > km > > > > > long) are less adapted to tolerate hot waters and high level of > light > > > > (some > > > > > got "sun burns" as table acroporas). In opposite population of > corals > > > > (same > > > > > species) living in neritic coastal waters, in inner areas of the > > lagoon, > > > > > are genetically more adapted to tolerate : high temperature, turbid > > waters > > > > > after rainfalls, even falls of salinity. Today in Mayotte, probably > > the > > > > > recovering ibn coral of the mid-lagoon patch reefs (recruitement) is > > due > > > > to > > > > > larvae coming from these coastal coral populations. These is one of > > the > > > > > main reasons to protect these "special" reefs in muddy environments > > from > > > > > all the effects of coastal works (marinas, dredgings, infilling of > > > > littoral > > > > > for roads, etc...). > > > > > > > > > > This is a good way for researches.. and from where larvae that > recruit > > are > > > > > coming. > > > > > > > > > > Bernard A. Thomassin > > > > > Directeur de recherches au C.N.R.S. > > > > > > > > > > G.I.S. "Lag-May" > > > > > (Groupement d'Int=E9r=EAt Scientifique Environnement marin et > littoral > > de > > > > > Mayotte") > > > > > & Centre d'Oceanologie de Marseille, > > > > > Station Marine d'Endoume, > > > > > rue de la Batterie des Lions, > > > > > 13007 Marseille > > > > > 9l. (33) 04 91 0416 17 > > > > > 9l. GSM 06 63 14 91 78 > > > > > fax. (33) 04 91 04 16 35 (0 l'attention de...) > > > > > e-mail : thomassi at sme.com.univ-mrs.fr > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > -- > > > Billy D. Causey, Superintendent > > > Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary > > > PO Box 500368 > > > Marathon, FL 33050 > > > Phone (305) 743.2437, Fax (305) 743.2357 > > > http://www.fknms.nos.noaa.gov/ > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > From Kiene at nmnh.si.edu Fri Sep 15 16:21:21 2000 From: Kiene at nmnh.si.edu (William Kiene) Date: Fri, 15 Sep 2000 16:21:21 -0400 Subject: Fw: Julian Sprung's email. Message-ID: Dear Bruce et al. I may have a "marker" for past die-offs and "rebirths" within your corals. In a matter of days following the death of a coral its skeletons will be invaded by a suite of microborers (chlorophytes, cyanobacteria) very different from the Ostreobium sp. that inhabit coral skeletons beneath living tissue. Ostreobium is a low light specialist and is likely to be the only one to survive after the tissue regrowth. I have proposed this microboring marker for a potential indicator of previous bleaching events. Your tissue die-off/rebirth events may be an easier marker to detect (?). Bill Kiene William E. Kiene, Ph.D. Smithsonian Institution National Museum of Natural History EG-13 MRC-125 Washington DC 20560-0125 Tel: (202) 357-2309 Fax: (202) 786-2832 E-mail: kiene at nmnh.si.edu From cindyh at hawaii.edu Fri Sep 15 19:44:28 2000 From: cindyh at hawaii.edu (Cindy Hunter) Date: Fri, 15 Sep 2000 13:44:28 -1000 Subject: Ostreobium as a marker References: Message-ID: <01c401c01f6e$e6b8aca0$03477aa6@waquarium.org> Hi Bill, Neat idea. My guess is that this method probably wouldn't work as well for branching or foliaceous growth forms, but would be well worth a look in more massive species. It would be very interesting to know how death or bleaching of coral tissues affects the fates of underlying Ostreobium, but the trick will be in characterizing what the Ostreobium was doing beforehand. From my limited experience, there's tremendous within-colony variability in Ostreobium distribution and depth beneath the coral tissue. Does anyone have a handle on a way to visualize or track Ostreobium through an experimentally-induced shift in light regime? Cindy ----- Original Message ----- From: William Kiene To: ; Sent: Friday, September 15, 2000 11:04 AM Subject: Re: Fw: Julian Sprung's email. Dear Bruce et al. I may have a "marker" for past die-offs and "rebirths" within your corals. In a matter of days following the death of a coral its skeletons will be invaded by a suite of microborers (chlorophytes, cyanobacteria) very different from the Ostreobium sp. that inhabit coral skeletons beneath living tissue. Ostreobium is a low light specialist and is likely to be the only one to survive after the tissue regrowth. I have proposed this microboring marker for a potential indicator of previous bleaching events. Your tissue die-off/rebirth events may be an easier marker to detect (?). Bill Kiene William E. Kiene, Ph.D. Smithsonian Institution National Museum of Natural History EG-13 MRC-125 Washington DC 20560-0125 Tel: (202) 357-2309 Fax: (202) 786-2832 E-mail: kiene at nmnh.si.edu From cbrads at liverpool.ac.uk Sat Sep 16 09:56:47 2000 From: cbrads at liverpool.ac.uk (Clare Bradshaw) Date: Sat, 16 Sep 2000 14:56:47 +0100 Subject: Julian Sprung's (and others') emails Message-ID: <39C37C1F.9092BD00@liv.ac.uk> Dear coral-list, Just for the record : We visited some of the oceanic islands of the southern Seychelles in 1998 and 1999 and saw a variety of responses to the 1997-98 warming event. Generally speaking, there was widespread bleaching and resulting coral mortality (with thick macroalgal overgrowth - ie. not much chance of 'rebirth'). However, there were small signs of life in places: - on the outer slopes at Alphonse and St Pierre in 1999 there were occasional live Pocillopora colonies >30cm in diameter (too big to have grown in a year, presumably) - in the same areas were similar sized Pocillopora colonies that were half live and half dead - maybe an example of regrowth? There are a few other observations that relate to earlier comments in this discussion: 1. The channel into Alphonse atoll (where there is fast water flow) was relatively unscathed by the previous year's bleaching event - lots of healthy massive, branching and fire coral. 2. Areas at Alphonse and St Pierre where we noticed cooler water currents seemed to be less badly hit 3. Corals in Alphonse lagoon (warm, more turbid waters) were less severely and less extensively bleached in 1998 4. Generally speaking, branching corals, Millepora and Heliopora seemed to have been worst affected (though all coral types were pretty badly affected). 5. In the northern granitic islands, where water clarity is much lower and there are more sources of pollution etc, the corals were even more badly affected by the bleaching than on the oceanic reefs. We'll be giving a paper on this small-scale variation at Bali too! Clare Bradshaw -- Dr Clare Bradshaw Port Erin Marine Laboratory University of Liverpool Isle of Man IM9 6JA British Isles From oveh at uq.edu.au Sat Sep 16 18:27:30 2000 From: oveh at uq.edu.au (Ove Hoegh-Guldberg) Date: Sun, 17 Sep 2000 08:27:30 +1000 Subject: Julian Sprung's email. In-Reply-To: <017e01c01eb9$c9b46640$510b7890@usp.ac.fj> Message-ID: Hi Robyn, I will be very interested to here as to what you find. Regarding the greater recovery in the upper portions. I take it these are colonies bleached but recovering their symbiotic dinoflagellates. I wonder if that is due to the higher light levels driving a more rapid expansion of dinoflagellate populations in those areas. Cheers, Ove -----Original Message----- From: Robyn Cumming [mailto:cumming_r at usp.ac.fj] Sent: Friday, 15 September 2000 12:08 PM To: oveh at uq.edu.au; carlson at soest.hawaii.edu; Billy.Causey at noaa.gov Cc: coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov Subject: Re: Julian Sprung's email. Hi Ove Your observations on the Stylophoras and Pocilloporas interest me. I'm monitoring recovery of tagged colonies of these and other species after the 2000 bleaching event in Fiji. The Stylophoras were the worst hit - almost 100% mortality. Since I have the dead colonies still tagged I shall check them for any living tissue at the bases or undersides of branches. I have also noticed that recovery was more rapid on the tops of colonies, i.e. some of the Pocillopora verrucosa colonies which returned to normal colour on top were in fact still bright white underneath. Robyn ************************************************** Robyn Cumming Lecturer in Ecology School of Pure and Applied Sciences The University of the South Pacific PO Box 1168 Suva Fiji Islands ph: +679 21 2455 fax: +679 31 5601 or 30 2548 email: robyn.cumming at usp.ac.fj web: http://www.usp.ac.fj/~cumming_r Visit the Biology web page at: http://www.usp.ac.fj/biology **************************************************** ----- Original Message ----- From: Ove Hoegh-Guldberg To: Bruce Carlson ; Billy Causey Cc: Bernard A. Thomassin ; Sent: Friday, September 15, 2000 11:11 AM Subject: RE: Julian Sprung's email. > Dear Bruce, > > Very interesting - I am extremely interested in tracking microclimate variability as you know. One > thing has struck me (and I have a field observation to back it up) is that these less stressful > microclimates may represent reservoirs of coral and dinoflagellate tissue for regrowth following > bleaching events. After the 1998 bleaching event, we lost many corals - Stylophora and Pocillpora > were hit so hard at One tree Island that students who were working on these species had to find > alternative species to work on. I was convinced that this was akin to a "local extinction event". > To my surprise, almost the same abundance of large colonies of these two species could be found in > surveys done in 2000 as prior to 1998. The size of the heads made it seem impossible for these > individuals to be the result of settlement and growth over 18 months. Where did these coral > colonies come from? I suspect that the internal areas of the Stylophora and Pocillopora coral heads > survived (lower light) and that the coral heads that I thought were completely dead in fact > regenerated from these living internal regions. Could the internal shading provided by coral heads > act as a defence against thermal stress? Interesting area. > > Cheers, > > Ove > > -----Original Message----- > From: owner-coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov > [mailto:owner-coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov]On Behalf Of Bruce Carlson > Sent: Monday, 28 August 2000 8:15 AM > To: oveh at uq.edu.au; Billy Causey > Cc: Bernard A. Thomassin; coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov > Subject: Re: Julian Sprung's email. > > > Ove, > > Just to add some anecdotal observations I made in Fiji and Palau that seem > to be consistent with your hypothesis: very small acroporids (better > surface to volume ratio?), and those in the shade under larger colonies were > the few survivors, and on the Suva barrier reef (where the water flow is > strong), one patch of Acropora muricata that I have monitored since 1972 was > bleached in April -- or so it appeared on first inspection. However, the > undersides of every branch were brown -- apparently a shading effect (by > brown, I mean "normal" in appearance presumably with zooxanthellae present > in large numbers). Temperature, sunlight and water flow must all have an > effect. I recorded this on video tape. I did not notice this on any of the > bleached corals on the outer barrier reef where mortality among acroporids > approached 100%. I will check this colony again in November to see if it has > recovered. > > Unrelated to bleaching, the Suva barrier reef has been overgrown by > Sargassum since 1972. I first noticed it growing around the corals in 1995, > but this year it has taken over on top of the reef (I have photos showing > the progression over the years). It snags on the Porites cylindrica and has > killed those large old colonies. The only coral colony free of the > Sargassum was "my" old A. muricata colony. Presumably the large Stegastes > sp. damsels in that patch are keeping it clean = a small oasis in a "sea of > Sargassum". Why is the Sargassum taking over? My first guess would be > increased nutrients over the years from farming, coming down the nearby Rewa > river delta, but over fishing of herbivores may also be a factor. > > Bruce > > ----- Original Message ----- > From: Ove Hoegh-Guldberg > To: Billy Causey > Cc: Bruce Carlson ; Bernard A. Thomassin > ; > Sent: Sunday, August 27, 2000 11:13 AM > Subject: RE: Julian Sprung's email. > > > > Dear Bill, > > > > Interesting comments. My feeling is that oxygen is involved (either as an > promoter of the > > photoinhibitory production and build-up of active oxygen within the > zooxanthellae - that is, as a > > secondary variable). We know that thermal stress collapses oxygen > production and increases > > respiration (see papers by Coles and Jokiel: Marine Biology. 1977; > 43:209-216, Hoegh-Guldberg and > > Smith - J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 1989; 129:279-303 and others). If the > photosynthetic production of > > oxygen is down and respiration is up (and probably, bacterial consumption > up due to decaying > > tissue), then oxygen at night over reefs under low flow (especially on > reefs where corals dominate) > > would be expected to decrease, perhaps to critical levels. While not a > primary factor, I would see > > this as an important follow on effect. It may actually be an important > determinant of mortality. > > > > I am interested in following up the aggravating effect of oxygen - it > would be useful if oxygen was > > monitored during the next set of bleaching events. Perhaps water motion > (over small patches of > > reef) might help ameliorate the ultimate impact of a thermal event. Just > a thought. That and > > shading a reef might be useful for managers of small show pieces of reefs. > But - just for those > > journalists our there - this would not be useful for anything more than a > few hundred square metres! > > > > Cheers to all, > > > > Ove > > > > -----Original Message----- > > From: owner-coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov > > [mailto:owner-coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov]On Behalf Of Billy Causey > > Sent: Monday, 28 August 2000 1:25 AM > > To: oveh at uq.edu.au > > Cc: Bruce Carlson; Bernard A. Thomassin; coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov > > Subject: Re: Julian Sprung's email. > > > > > > Ove and others, > > > > I am interested in your comments about the role of oxygen. For years I > have sounded like a broken > > record, exclaiming that while hot water is one of the stressors leading to > coral bleaching, that I > > suspect the slick-calm, doldrum weather patterns lead to a drop in > dissolved oxygen levels in the > > coral > > reef environment, especially at night. I sometimes think we take the > level of dissolved oxygen on > > coral reefs for granted .... and tend to not believe there could be a > significant enough change to > > affect corals for example. > > > > During years when we have had severe bleaching in the Florida Keys, I have > observed reef fish > > respiring > > very heavily .... in the middle of the day. So I have often suspected the > oxygen levels as being > > low > > .... during "hot water" events ... even during daylight hours. > > > > Is it possible that the zooxanethellae, existing inside the coral polyp > tissue starts competing with > > the coral polyp for oxygen at night ... when dissolved oxygen levels are > low anyway .... and > > something > > has to give? Imagine ... day after day and night after night, during > periods of low mixing and > > natural > > aeration of surface waters, the oxygen level drops below a threshold and > the coral polyp is in a > > state > > of competing for oxygen with the zooxanethellae. > > > > Folks ... be kind to me! I am not a coral physiologist, in fact I wasn't > very good in biochemistry > > .... just a coral reef manager with thousands of hours of observations > that make me think the coral > > bleaching trigger and mechanisms are simpler than we realize. I am > curious about opinions on this > > idea. > > > > Cheers, Billy Causey > > > > Ove Hoegh-Guldberg wrote: > > > > > Flow probably has some effect through the removal of some of the > feedback effects of the high > > oxygen > > > tensions that occur during the daylight hours. If the increased > production of active oxygen after > > > thermal stress (a'la Jones et al 1998, reviewed in Hoegh-Guldberg 1999), > then flow might have an > > > ameliorating effect through the decreased boundary layer thickness and > hence oxygen tensions close > > > to coral surfaces. > > > > > > Survival near rivers might be related to the decreased light stress due > to the higher turbidity of > > > rivers. > > > > > > Just some ideas ... > > > > > > Cheers, > > > > > > Ove > > > > > > Professor Ove Hoegh-Guldberg > > > Director, Centre for Marine Studies > > > University of Queensland > > > St Lucia, 4072, QLD > > > > > > Director, Heron, Stradborke and Low Isles Research Stations > > > President, Australian Coral Reef Society > > > > > > Phone: +61 07 3365 4333 > > > Fax: +61 07 3365 4755 > > > Email: oveh at uq.edu.au > > > http://www.marine.uq.edu.au/ohg/index.htm > > > > > > -----Original Message----- > > > From: owner-coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov > > > [mailto:owner-coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov]On Behalf Of Bruce Carlson > > > Sent: Saturday, 26 August 2000 4:15 AM > > > To: Bernard A. Thomassin; coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov > > > Subject: Re: Julian Sprung's email. > > > > > > Bernard, > > > > > > Did you also notice that corals in areas with swift flowing water > (usually > > > from tides) also survived better than nearby reefs with low flows? I > > > noticed this in Fiji on the shallow barrier reef of the University of > the > > > South Pacific, and in Palau near the lighthouse reef -- both are similar > > > reef environments with strong laminar water flow (the water is shallow > > > enough to stand up at mid-tide, but the current knocks you over -- I > don't > > > have a more precise current measurement). Why would flow rate matter? > > > Perhaps there is something related to diffusion rates (which would > increase > > > in strong water flow) which offers some protection during bleaching???? > If > > > Ove is right about superoxides forming during warm water events, maybe > this > > > observation is relevant. > > > > > > Also, in Fiji, we noticed that reefs near river mouths also showed good > > > survival rates. The outer barrier reefs in Palau and Fiji seemed to be > hit > > > the hardest. > > > > > > Bruce > > > > > > ----- Original Message ----- > > > From: Bernard A. Thomassin > > > To: > > > Sent: Friday, August 25, 2000 6:30 AM > > > Subject: Re: Julian Sprung's email. > > > > > > > > > > > Jonathan.Kelsey at noaa.gov wrote : > > > > > > > > >-Are these generally accepted concepts? > > > > >-Can one accurately assess coral mortality rates associated with a > > > bleachin > > > > >event after "a matter of just a few days"? > > > > >-Are there quantitative studies showing that there is a greater > bleaching > > > > >survival rate among corals in polluted waters versus those in > > > non-polluted > > > > >water? -Any comments and/or further discussion would be greatly > > > appreciated. > > > > > > > > We will presented a poste about the subject at bali meeting. In > Mayotte > > > > Is., North Mozambique Channel, a huge bleaching occurred in 1998 > spring > > > > (end of summer season there) and most of 90 percent of the shallow > coral > > > of > > > > the barrier reefs died. > > > > Those corals that surveyed the best are from the muddy environnements > in > > > > bays, on fringing reef fronts and patches, even the harbour !why ? > Because > > > > the corals living in oceanic cooler waters of the barrier reef belt > (170 > > > km > > > > long) are less adapted to tolerate hot waters and high level of light > > > (some > > > > got "sun burns" as table acroporas). In opposite population of corals > > > (same > > > > species) living in neritic coastal waters, in inner areas of the > lagoon, > > > > are genetically more adapted to tolerate : high temperature, turbid > waters > > > > after rainfalls, even falls of salinity. Today in Mayotte, probably > the > > > > recovering ibn coral of the mid-lagoon patch reefs (recruitement) is > due > > > to > > > > larvae coming from these coastal coral populations. These is one of > the > > > > main reasons to protect these "special" reefs in muddy environments > from > > > > all the effects of coastal works (marinas, dredgings, infilling of > > > littoral > > > > for roads, etc...). > > > > > > > > This is a good way for researches.. and from where larvae that recruit > are > > > > coming. > > > > > > > > Bernard A. Thomassin > > > > Directeur de recherches au C.N.R.S. > > > > > > > > G.I.S. "Lag-May" > > > > (Groupement d'Int=E9r=EAt Scientifique Environnement marin et littoral > de > > > > Mayotte") > > > > & Centre d'Oceanologie de Marseille, > > > > Station Marine d'Endoume, > > > > rue de la Batterie des Lions, > > > > 13007 Marseille > > > > 9l. (33) 04 91 0416 17 > > > > 9l. GSM 06 63 14 91 78 > > > > fax. (33) 04 91 04 16 35 (0 l'attention de...) > > > > e-mail : thomassi at sme.com.univ-mrs.fr > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > -- > > Billy D. Causey, Superintendent > > Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary > > PO Box 500368 > > Marathon, FL 33050 > > Phone (305) 743.2437, Fax (305) 743.2357 > > http://www.fknms.nos.noaa.gov/ > > > > > > > > > > From oveh at uq.edu.au Sat Sep 16 18:27:24 2000 From: oveh at uq.edu.au (Ove Hoegh-Guldberg) Date: Sun, 17 Sep 2000 08:27:24 +1000 Subject: Julian Sprung's email. In-Reply-To: Message-ID: Dear Gercende, Fascinating! I have never heard of this - I have passed it onto an aquarist in the Centre for comment. We have had a series of small primary polyps form in various parts of an aquarium with lots of adult (loose) Fungia. These presumably have come from sexual reproduction as opposed to budding. I have seen buds associated with adult skeletons in the field which I had always thought were from new settlers attracted to the dead adult skeletons. Perhaps this (budding) is an alternative explanation. Cheers. Ove -----Original Message----- From: Gercende Courtois [mailto:gtricor at hotmail.com] Sent: Friday, 15 September 2000 4:38 PM To: oveh at uq.edu.au Subject: RE: Julian Sprung's email. Dear Ove, Hi, just to talk about a similar phenomenon observed on a Fungia in one of our tank here. One Fungia looked bleached and seemed to have lost its tissues just a small part seemed still alive so we left it unattended in a tank just in case! Within weeks the part which was bleached and which seemed to have lost tissues had completely recovered and the part which was looking alive died and got entirely covered with buds. Fungia are apparently reported to be effective at producing buds but I have never seen any report stating such a regeneration for Fungia so I though it might interest you. Regards, Gercende >From: "Ove Hoegh-Guldberg" >Reply-To: >To: "Cindy Hunter" , "Bruce Carlson" >, "Billy Causey" >CC: "Bernard A. Thomassin" , > >Subject: RE: Julian Sprung's email. >Date: Fri, 15 Sep 2000 11:58:24 +1000 > >Hi Cindy, > >Yes - fascinating. This seems and area ripe for research projects >(postgrad students!). Did you >publish the SICB Boston stuff? I would be very interested in having a look >at it. The microclimate >idea also presents an additional explanation for the resilience of deep >tissued corals like Porites >(I discussed this in the 1999 article from a point of view of reduced >damage due to to low light >regions) ... deep tissues provide that reservior for promoting regrowth >etc. > >You will be in Bali, right? > >Aloha, > >Ove > >PS Opening ceremonies - right now - did I miss an meeting or something? > > >-----Original Message----- >From: Cindy Hunter [mailto:cindyh at hawaii.edu] >Sent: Friday, 15 September 2000 11:51 AM >To: oveh at uq.edu.au; Bruce Carlson; Billy Causey >Cc: Bernard A. Thomassin; coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov >Subject: Re: Julian Sprung's email. > > >Dear Ove, > >The situation of "larger than they should be if they were from new sexual >recruits" is reminiscent of the "Phoenix effect" documented in Hawaii by >Paul Jokiel and others in Porites compressa. In this species, lowered >salinity caused by episodic rainfall and flooding events resulted in a >nearly complete loss of tissue on colony surfaces. The colonies most >affected by the "freshwater kill" were those in the shallowest water (the >lens of 15-18 ppt water extended to 1-2 m depth) and appeared (and smelled) >to be completely putrefied--covered in gray or black algal/fungal mats. >However, within two years, these nearshore reefs were once again fringed by >large (up to 1 m diameter) Porites compressa colonies. They couldn't have >been from new recruits. > >Dave Krupp and I presented an experimental verification of the phenomenon >at >SICB in Boston in 1997. After osmotic shock, a layer of residual cells and >zoox shows up deep (0.5-1 cm) within the skeleton; these "ashes" can >apparently de- and redifferentiate to form coral tissues and polyps in a >matter of weeks. The twist in what you've seen in Pocillopora and >Stylophora (as we did in Montipora) is that these genera are much less >perforate than Porites, and the reservoir of viable tissues (and zoox) >appears in shaded undersides or between branches, regrowing up and around >the branches rather than from the inside out. > >In either case, it demonstrates (again) the remarkable resiliency that >resides in these coral-algal associations. What this means for our thinking >about their genetics, senescence, etc. is indeed interesting territory, > >Aloha, >Cindy > >P.S. Shouldn't you be at the Opening Ceremonies? > >----- Original Message ----- >From: Ove Hoegh-Guldberg >To: Bruce Carlson ; Billy Causey > >Cc: Bernard A. Thomassin ; > >Sent: Thursday, September 14, 2000 2:21 PM >Subject: RE: Julian Sprung's email. > > > > Dear Bruce, > > > > Very interesting - I am extremely interested in tracking microclimate >variability as you know. One > > thing has struck me (and I have a field observation to back it up) is >that >these less stressful > > microclimates may represent reservoirs of coral and dinoflagellate >tissue >for regrowth following > > bleaching events. After the 1998 bleaching event, we lost many corals >- >Stylophora and Pocillpora > > were hit so hard at One tree Island that students who were working on >these species had to find > > alternative species to work on. I was convinced that this was akin to a >"local extinction event". > > To my surprise, almost the same abundance of large colonies of these two >species could be found in > > surveys done in 2000 as prior to 1998. The size of the heads made it >seem >impossible for these > > individuals to be the result of settlement and growth over 18 months. >Where did these coral > > colonies come from? I suspect that the internal areas of the Stylophora >and Pocillopora coral heads > > survived (lower light) and that the coral heads that I thought were >completely dead in fact > > regenerated from these living internal regions. Could the internal >shading provided by coral heads > > act as a defence against thermal stress? Interesting area. > > > > Cheers, > > > > Ove > > > > -----Original Message----- > > From: owner-coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov > > [mailto:owner-coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov]On Behalf Of Bruce Carlson > > Sent: Monday, 28 August 2000 8:15 AM > > To: oveh at uq.edu.au; Billy Causey > > Cc: Bernard A. Thomassin; coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov > > Subject: Re: Julian Sprung's email. > > > > > > Ove, > > > > Just to add some anecdotal observations I made in Fiji and Palau that >seem > > to be consistent with your hypothesis: very small acroporids (better > > surface to volume ratio?), and those in the shade under larger colonies >were > > the few survivors, and on the Suva barrier reef (where the water flow is > > strong), one patch of Acropora muricata that I have monitored since 1972 >was > > bleached in April -- or so it appeared on first inspection. However, >the > > undersides of every branch were brown -- apparently a shading effect (by > > brown, I mean "normal" in appearance presumably with zooxanthellae >present > > in large numbers). Temperature, sunlight and water flow must all have >an > > effect. I recorded this on video tape. I did not notice this on any of >the > > bleached corals on the outer barrier reef where mortality among >acroporids > > approached 100%. I will check this colony again in November to see if it >has > > recovered. > > > > Unrelated to bleaching, the Suva barrier reef has been overgrown by > > Sargassum since 1972. I first noticed it growing around the corals in >1995, > > but this year it has taken over on top of the reef (I have photos >showing > > the progression over the years). It snags on the Porites cylindrica and >has > > killed those large old colonies. The only coral colony free of the > > Sargassum was "my" old A. muricata colony. Presumably the large >Stegastes > > sp. damsels in that patch are keeping it clean = a small oasis in a "sea >of > > Sargassum". Why is the Sargassum taking over? My first guess would be > > increased nutrients over the years from farming, coming down the nearby >Rewa > > river delta, but over fishing of herbivores may also be a factor. > > > > Bruce > > > > ----- Original Message ----- > > From: Ove Hoegh-Guldberg > > To: Billy Causey > > Cc: Bruce Carlson ; Bernard A. Thomassin > > ; > > Sent: Sunday, August 27, 2000 11:13 AM > > Subject: RE: Julian Sprung's email. > > > > > > > Dear Bill, > > > > > > Interesting comments. My feeling is that oxygen is involved (either >as >an > > promoter of the > > > photoinhibitory production and build-up of active oxygen within the > > zooxanthellae - that is, as a > > > secondary variable). We know that thermal stress collapses oxygen > > production and increases > > > respiration (see papers by Coles and Jokiel: Marine Biology. 1977; > > 43:209-216, Hoegh-Guldberg and > > > Smith - J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 1989; 129:279-303 and others). If the > > photosynthetic production of > > > oxygen is down and respiration is up (and probably, bacterial >consumption > > up due to decaying > > > tissue), then oxygen at night over reefs under low flow (especially on > > reefs where corals dominate) > > > would be expected to decrease, perhaps to critical levels. While not >a > > primary factor, I would see > > > this as an important follow on effect. It may actually be an >important > > determinant of mortality. > > > > > > I am interested in following up the aggravating effect of oxygen - it > > would be useful if oxygen was > > > monitored during the next set of bleaching events. Perhaps water >motion > > (over small patches of > > > reef) might help ameliorate the ultimate impact of a thermal event. >Just > > a thought. That and > > > shading a reef might be useful for managers of small show pieces of >reefs. > > But - just for those > > > journalists our there - this would not be useful for anything more >than >a > > few hundred square metres! > > > > > > Cheers to all, > > > > > > Ove > > > > > > -----Original Message----- > > > From: owner-coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov > > > [mailto:owner-coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov]On Behalf Of Billy Causey > > > Sent: Monday, 28 August 2000 1:25 AM > > > To: oveh at uq.edu.au > > > Cc: Bruce Carlson; Bernard A. Thomassin; >coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov > > > Subject: Re: Julian Sprung's email. > > > > > > > > > Ove and others, > > > > > > I am interested in your comments about the role of oxygen. For years >I > > have sounded like a broken > > > record, exclaiming that while hot water is one of the stressors >leading >to > > coral bleaching, that I > > > suspect the slick-calm, doldrum weather patterns lead to a drop in > > dissolved oxygen levels in the > > > coral > > > reef environment, especially at night. I sometimes think we take the > > level of dissolved oxygen on > > > coral reefs for granted .... and tend to not believe there could be a > > significant enough change to > > > affect corals for example. > > > > > > During years when we have had severe bleaching in the Florida Keys, I >have > > observed reef fish > > > respiring > > > very heavily .... in the middle of the day. So I have often suspected >the > > oxygen levels as being > > > low > > > .... during "hot water" events ... even during daylight hours. > > > > > > Is it possible that the zooxanethellae, existing inside the coral >polyp > > tissue starts competing with > > > the coral polyp for oxygen at night ... when dissolved oxygen levels >are > > low anyway .... and > > > something > > > has to give? Imagine ... day after day and night after night, during > > periods of low mixing and > > > natural > > > aeration of surface waters, the oxygen level drops below a threshold >and > > the coral polyp is in a > > > state > > > of competing for oxygen with the zooxanethellae. > > > > > > Folks ... be kind to me! I am not a coral physiologist, in fact I >wasn't > > very good in biochemistry > > > .... just a coral reef manager with thousands of hours of observations > > that make me think the coral > > > bleaching trigger and mechanisms are simpler than we realize. I am > > curious about opinions on this > > > idea. > > > > > > Cheers, Billy Causey > > > > > > Ove Hoegh-Guldberg wrote: > > > > > > > Flow probably has some effect through the removal of some of the > > feedback effects of the high > > > oxygen > > > > tensions that occur during the daylight hours. If the increased > > production of active oxygen after > > > > thermal stress (a'la Jones et al 1998, reviewed in Hoegh-Guldberg >1999), > > then flow might have an > > > > ameliorating effect through the decreased boundary layer thickness >and > > hence oxygen tensions close > > > > to coral surfaces. > > > > > > > > Survival near rivers might be related to the decreased light stress >due > > to the higher turbidity of > > > > rivers. > > > > > > > > Just some ideas ... > > > > > > > > Cheers, > > > > > > > > Ove > > > > > > > > Professor Ove Hoegh-Guldberg > > > > Director, Centre for Marine Studies > > > > University of Queensland > > > > St Lucia, 4072, QLD > > > > > > > > Director, Heron, Stradborke and Low Isles Research Stations > > > > President, Australian Coral Reef Society > > > > > > > > Phone: +61 07 3365 4333 > > > > Fax: +61 07 3365 4755 > > > > Email: oveh at uq.edu.au > > > > http://www.marine.uq.edu.au/ohg/index.htm > > > > > > > > -----Original Message----- > > > > From: owner-coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov > > > > [mailto:owner-coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov]On Behalf Of Bruce >Carlson > > > > Sent: Saturday, 26 August 2000 4:15 AM > > > > To: Bernard A. Thomassin; coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov > > > > Subject: Re: Julian Sprung's email. > > > > > > > > Bernard, > > > > > > > > Did you also notice that corals in areas with swift flowing water > > (usually > > > > from tides) also survived better than nearby reefs with low flows? >I > > > > noticed this in Fiji on the shallow barrier reef of the University >of > > the > > > > South Pacific, and in Palau near the lighthouse reef -- both are >similar > > > > reef environments with strong laminar water flow (the water is >shallow > > > > enough to stand up at mid-tide, but the current knocks you over -- I > > don't > > > > have a more precise current measurement). Why would flow rate >matter? > > > > Perhaps there is something related to diffusion rates (which would > > increase > > > > in strong water flow) which offers some protection during >bleaching???? > > If > > > > Ove is right about superoxides forming during warm water events, >maybe > > this > > > > observation is relevant. > > > > > > > > Also, in Fiji, we noticed that reefs near river mouths also showed >good > > > > survival rates. The outer barrier reefs in Palau and Fiji seemed to >be > > hit > > > > the hardest. > > > > > > > > Bruce > > > > > > > > ----- Original Message ----- > > > > From: Bernard A. Thomassin > > > > To: > > > > Sent: Friday, August 25, 2000 6:30 AM > > > > Subject: Re: Julian Sprung's email. > > > > > > > > > > > > > > Jonathan.Kelsey at noaa.gov wrote : > > > > > > > > > > >-Are these generally accepted concepts? > > > > > >-Can one accurately assess coral mortality rates associated with >a > > > > bleachin > > > > > >event after "a matter of just a few days"? > > > > > >-Are there quantitative studies showing that there is a greater > > bleaching > > > > > >survival rate among corals in polluted waters versus those in > > > > non-polluted > > > > > >water? -Any comments and/or further discussion would be greatly > > > > appreciated. > > > > > > > > > > We will presented a poste about the subject at bali meeting. In > > Mayotte > > > > > Is., North Mozambique Channel, a huge bleaching occurred in 1998 > > spring > > > > > (end of summer season there) and most of 90 percent of the shallow > > coral > > > > of > > > > > the barrier reefs died. > > > > > Those corals that surveyed the best are from the muddy >environnements > > in > > > > > bays, on fringing reef fronts and patches, even the harbour !why ? > > Because > > > > > the corals living in oceanic cooler waters of the barrier reef >belt > > (170 > > > > km > > > > > long) are less adapted to tolerate hot waters and high level of >light > > > > (some > > > > > got "sun burns" as table acroporas). In opposite population of >corals > > > > (same > > > > > species) living in neritic coastal waters, in inner areas of the > > lagoon, > > > > > are genetically more adapted to tolerate : high temperature, >turbid > > waters > > > > > after rainfalls, even falls of salinity. Today in Mayotte, >probably > > the > > > > > recovering ibn coral of the mid-lagoon patch reefs (recruitement) >is > > due > > > > to > > > > > larvae coming from these coastal coral populations. These is one >of > > the > > > > > main reasons to protect these "special" reefs in muddy >environments > > from > > > > > all the effects of coastal works (marinas, dredgings, infilling of > > > > littoral > > > > > for roads, etc...). > > > > > > > > > > This is a good way for researches.. and from where larvae that >recruit > > are > > > > > coming. > > > > > > > > > > Bernard A. Thomassin > > > > > Directeur de recherches au C.N.R.S. > > > > > > > > > > G.I.S. "Lag-May" > > > > > (Groupement d'Int=E9r=EAt Scientifique Environnement marin et >littoral > > de > > > > > Mayotte") > > > > > & Centre d'Oceanologie de Marseille, > > > > > Station Marine d'Endoume, > > > > > rue de la Batterie des Lions, > > > > > 13007 Marseille > > > > > 9l. (33) 04 91 0416 17 > > > > > 9l. GSM 06 63 14 91 78 > > > > > fax. (33) 04 91 04 16 35 (0 l'attention de...) > > > > > e-mail : thomassi at sme.com.univ-mrs.fr > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > -- > > > Billy D. Causey, Superintendent > > > Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary > > > PO Box 500368 > > > Marathon, FL 33050 > > > Phone (305) 743.2437, Fax (305) 743.2357 > > > http://www.fknms.nos.noaa.gov/ > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > ____________________________________________________________ _____________ Get Your Private, Free E-mail from MSN Hotmail at http://www.hotmail.com. Share information about yourself, create your own public profile at http://profiles.msn.com. From EricHugo at aol.com Sun Sep 17 11:24:24 2000 From: EricHugo at aol.com (EricHugo at aol.com) Date: Sun, 17 Sep 2000 11:24:24 EDT Subject: Ostreobium as a marker Message-ID: <97.ac63a5a.26f63c28@aol.com> In a message dated 9/15/00 11:57:24 PM, cindyh at hawaii.edu writes: << Does anyone have a handle on a way to visualize or track Ostreobium through an experimentally-induced shift in light regime? >> Hi Cindy: This may help? It may not be a protocol, exactly, but may give some idea of what you are thinking about. Fork, D. C., and A. W. D. larkem. 1989. Light harvesting in the green alga, Ostreobium sp., a coral symbiont adapted to extreme shade. Mar Biol 103: 381-385. There is also another paper by Fork and Larkum that was in Photosynthetic Research called "Photosynthetic light-harvesting in the extreme shade alga Ostreobium", but I can't seem to find that one. Eric Borneman From rhinde at bio.usyd.edu.au Sun Sep 17 21:13:16 2000 From: rhinde at bio.usyd.edu.au (Rosalind Hinde) Date: Mon, 18 Sep 2000 11:13:16 +1000 Subject: Julian Sprung's email. In-Reply-To: <3.0.6.32.20000915104708.007af100@post.tau.ac.il> References: <007e01c01eb7$55880580$03477aa6@waquarium.org> Message-ID: <4.1.20000918110252.00942aa0@Linnaeus.bio.usyd.edu.au> Similar observations have been made on the faviid Plesiastrea versipora (Ritchie et al., 1997, Proc. 6th International Conference on Coelenterate Biology, pp. 403-408) after artificial damage (with a toothbrush) which removed about 50% of the tissue. Polyps were observed to be damaged but to withdraw into the calices. Colonies treated this way regained normal rates of photosynthesis and respiration (per algal cell) in 7 days, regenerated to the point where the skeleton was completely covered and the polyps appeared normal in 2 to 4 weeks, and survived at least a year. Regeneration was seen in aquaria and also in corals returned to the field after brushing. Regards, Rosalind Hinde At 10:47 15/09/00 +0200, you wrote: >Hi all, >I don't know if these messages were supposed to be on the list or not...but >I'd like to add my own "two cents worth". >The phenomenon of tissue regrowth from residual tissues found in corals >with deep set calices has been recorded as well for free living fungiid >corals by Paul Jokiel and Dave Krupp as pertaining to "fresh water kills" >as well as colonial species as Cindy pointed out. Sorry I missed the SICB >meeting would have liked to hear more. In our own work on fungiids here in >the Red Sea we (Yossi Loya and myself) also reported how experimentally >induced tissue damage as well as "tissue only" explants caused the >development of new anthocauli. We also noticed similar phenomena of tissue >regrowth in some Acroporid and Faviid species following apparent tissue >denuding. It seem that these corals are proving to be quite resilient. Many >questions arise such as are the tissues regrowing to fill the original >calices or do they use the calices as guides for further perhaps light >calcification? Are we sure that during these stresses tissues are not >simply retracting into the calices as reported by Bown et al 1994 for heat >stress in Coeloseris. >At any rate I agree that this a fascinating area and hope to hear more >about it in Bali. >Cheers >Esti Kramarsky-Winter *************************************************************************** *********** Associate Professor Rosalind Hinde, Head of School, School of Biological Sciences, A08, email: rhinde at bio.usyd.edu.au University of Sydney, N.S.W. 2006, tel. : +612-9351-2277 Australia. fax : +612-9351-4119 **************************************************************************** ********** -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/pipermail/coral-list-old/attachments/20000918/3c5fc850/attachment.html From carlson at soest.hawaii.edu Sun Sep 17 21:43:53 2000 From: carlson at soest.hawaii.edu (Bruce Carlson) Date: Sun, 17 Sep 2000 15:43:53 -1000 Subject: Julian Sprung's email. References: <007e01c01eb7$55880580$03477aa6@waquarium.org> <4.1.20000918110252.00942aa0@Linnaeus.bio.usyd.edu.au> Message-ID: <008501c02111$e7a6c1c0$22477aa6@waquarium.org> Rosalind, et al. The really interesting question in all of this is whether or not all those "ancient" coral heads that apparently "died" in 1998 in the Pacific and Indian Oceans will recover or not. If so, will they still be "ancient" coral heads, or do we reset the clock to zero - hmmm???? Or more importantly, how many times has the clock been re-set the past few centuries on these corals?? How long do we wait before we really call it "brain dead" (pun intended)? Bruce ----- Original Message ----- From: Rosalind Hinde To: Sent: Sunday, September 17, 2000 3:13 PM Subject: RE: Julian Sprung's email. > Similar observations have been made on the faviid Plesiastrea versipora > (Ritchie > et al., 1997, Proc. 6th International Conference on Coelenterate Biology, pp. > 403-408) after artificial damage (with a toothbrush) which removed about 50% of > the tissue. Polyps were observed to be damaged but to withdraw into the > calices. Colonies treated this way regained normal rates of photosynthesis and > respiration (per algal cell) in 7 days, regenerated to the point where the > skeleton was completely covered and the polyps appeared normal in 2 to 4 weeks, > and survived at least a year. Regeneration was seen in aquaria and also in > corals returned to the field after brushing. > > Regards, > > Rosalind Hinde > > At 10:47 15/09/00 +0200, you wrote: > >Hi all, > >I don't know if these messages were supposed to be on the list or not...but > >I'd like to add my own "two cents worth". > >The phenomenon of tissue regrowth from residual tissues found in corals > >with deep set calices has been recorded as well for free living fungiid > >corals by Paul Jokiel and Dave Krupp as pertaining to "fresh water kills" > >as well as colonial species as Cindy pointed out. Sorry I missed the SICB > >meeting would have liked to hear more. In our own work on fungiids here in > >the Red Sea we (Yossi Loya and myself) also reported how experimentally > >induced tissue damage as well as "tissue only" explants caused the > >development of new anthocauli. We also noticed similar phenomena of tissue > >regrowth in some Acroporid and Faviid species following apparent tissue > >denuding. It seem that these corals are proving to be quite resilient. Many > >questions arise such as are the tissues regrowing to fill the original > >calices or do they use the calices as guides for further perhaps light > >calcification? Are we sure that during these stresses tissues are not > >simply retracting into the calices as reported by Bown et al 1994 for heat > >stress in Coeloseris. > >At any rate I agree that this a fascinating area and hope to hear more > >about it in Bali. > >Cheers > >Esti Kramarsky-Winter > > *************************************************************************** > *********** > Associate Professor Rosalind Hinde, > Head of School, > School of Biological Sciences, A08, email: > rhinde at bio.usyd.edu.au > University of Sydney, N.S.W. 2006, tel. : +612-9351-2277 > Australia. fax > : +612-9351-4119 > **************************************************************************** > ********** > From b984138 at sci.u-ryukyu.ac.jp Sun Sep 17 21:56:07 2000 From: b984138 at sci.u-ryukyu.ac.jp (Robert van Woesik) Date: Mon, 18 Sep 2000 10:56:07 +0900 Subject: Julian Spring's email Message-ID: <39C57637.FC00E059@sci.u-ryukyu.ac.jp> The 'Phoenix' phenomenon continued: Some observations from Helen Reef near Palau, in April 2000: Colonies of P. cylindrica at 4-5 m were partially dead on the tips of the branches but the base of the colonies had survived. Notably, many partially dead P. cylindrica colonies were recovering by the following process: the basal portions had extended toward the tips of the branches. This does not happen with most Acropora colonies (excluding Isoporas that have no axial corallites) because they do not appear to be able to initially extend laterally, which is necessary in this recovery process, before extending distally, to the tips of the colonies. Therefore, once an Acropora colony (with axial corallites) is damaged at the tips of its branches the rest of the colony will usually die; the same effects are seen for Acanthaster planci predation. (see MEPS 164: 213-220, 1998) For massive Porites, regeneration commences by an initial 2-3 mm upward growth of the healing edge followed by lateral encroachment of soft tissue and skeleton toward the lesion's centre within the first month. Lesion scars are evident in core samples, there is usually a 1 mm gap (see photos in above citation) and clearly the trabeculae and synapticulae structures over the healed lesions are more porous than in other parts of the colony. Indeed, their existence may help clarify the extent of historical damage to Indo-Pacific Porites spp. through sclerochronological investigations, and refine predictive models on the occurrence of small lesions on Porites where some laudable sclerochronological studies have already been carried out. Rob van Woesik ******************************************* Dr. Robert van Woesik Associate Professor Department of Marine Sciences University of the Ryukyus Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0123 JAPAN E-mail: b984138 at sci.u-ryukyu.ac.jp Website: http://www.cc.u-ryukyu.ac.jp/~b984138/ Ph: (81) 098 895 8564 Fax: (81) 098 895 8552 ******************************************* -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/pipermail/coral-list-old/attachments/20000918/7e8d75b4/attachment.html From Hoeksema at naturalis.nnm.nl Mon Sep 18 05:04:55 2000 From: Hoeksema at naturalis.nnm.nl (Hoeksema, B.W.) Date: Mon, 18 Sep 2000 11:04:55 +0200 Subject: fungiid buds Message-ID: <72EE9065F361D41185C20000F877DA79148D0A@mail.nnm.nl> Dear Ove and other coral-listers, Secondary polyps on fungiids are usually asexually produced. In the 1920s, Boschma experimented on the budding of fungiids (mainly Fungia fungites and Heliofungia actiniformis). We have the specimens in our museum collection for documentation. The photographs published by Boschma are also clear evidence. They show buds on corals that looked very dead otherwise. I found similar specimens in the field and all buds appeared conspecific with the "dead" adult. Best wishes, Bert ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------ Dr. Bert W. Hoeksema Department of Invertebrates Coordinator Marine Research National Museum of Natural History Naturalis P.O. Box 9517 2300 RA Leiden The Netherlands Tel.: +31.71.5687631 Fax: +31.71.5687666 E-mail: Hoeksema at Naturalis.NNM.nl for information on the 7th International Conference on Coelenterate Biology (7ICCB), see http://www.congress.co.il/iccb-isrs From SMW at iucnearo.org Mon Sep 18 06:59:22 2000 From: SMW at iucnearo.org (WELLS Sue) Date: Mon, 18 Sep 2000 13:59:22 +0300 Subject: position vacancy based in Tanzania Message-ID: PLEASE DO NOT REPLY TO ME - SEE END OF MESSAGE FOR APPLICATION DETAILS IUCN Eastern Africa Regional Office TECHNICAL ADVISOR Development of Mnazi Bay-Ruvuma Estuary Marine Park Project Based in Mtwara, Tanzania The World Conservation Union is an international organization that seeks to influence, encourage and assist societies throughout the world to conserve the integrity and diversity of nature, and to ensure that any use of natural resources is ecologically sustainable and equitable. The Eastern Africa Regional Office (EARO) of IUCN will be implementing a GEF funded project to develop a multiple-use marine park to protect significant and threatened marine biodiversity of the Mnazi-Bay and Ruvuma Estuary Marine Park. The project will be for four years and aims at enabling local communities and government stakeholders to protect effectively and utilise sustainably the marine biodiversity and resources of the park. IUCN EARO is looking for an experienced professional as the Technical Advisor (TA) to implement the project with the Marine Parks and Reserve Unit of the Tanzanian Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism, during the set-up phase. The TA will play a supportive role to the Manager of the Marine Parks and Reserves Unit and will work closely with the Project Co-ordinator/Warden and other project staff. He/She will be the focal point for the co-ordination and delivery of the overall IUCN technical assistance programme under the project and management of the project finances. He/she will need technical expertise and direct experience in the following areas: ? Marine protected area establishment and development; ? Community-based natural resource management and/or biodiversity conservation, including an appreciation of gender and poverty issues; ? Marine resource management issues The ideal candidate should have: ? Minimum Masters degree in environmental management, fisheries management , marine ecology or related discipline and with at least ten years experience working in a field related to marine conservation; ? Project management experience, including multi-displinary team management, financial management and procurement; ? Proficiency in spoken and written English; fluency or working knowledge of Kiswahili would be an added advantage; ? Exceptional communications, negotiation and liaison skills. The contract will be for two years, renewable, and will start as soon as possible. Applicants should submit their detailed CV with contact details for three referees to: the Regional Representative, IUCN EARO, P.O. Box 68200, Nairobi, Kenya, fax: 254-2-890615, by 30 October 2000. Only shortlisted candidates will be contacted. IUCN is an equal opportunity employer Sue Wells Co-ordinator, E.A. Marine Programme IUCN Eastern African Regional Office P.O. Box 68200 Nairobi, Kenya Tel: +254 2 890605 Fax: +254 2 890615 e-mail: smw at iucnearo.org (home tel: +254 2 891499) From buddrw at kgs.ukans.edu Mon Sep 18 10:09:45 2000 From: buddrw at kgs.ukans.edu (Bob Buddemeier) Date: Mon, 18 Sep 2000 09:09:45 -0500 Subject: [Fwd: Fw: Julian Sprung's email.] Message-ID: <39C6208B.C3F8079D@kgs.ukans.edu> -- Dr. Robert W. Buddemeier Senior Scientist, Geohydrology Kansas Geological Survey University of Kansas 1930 Constant Ave. Lawrence, KS 66047 ph (785) 864-2112 fax (785) 864-5317 buddrw at kgs.ukans.edu http://water.kgs.ukans.edu -------------- next part -------------- An embedded message was scrubbed... From: "Robert W. Buddemeier" Subject: Re: Fw: Julian Sprung's email. Date: Sat, 16 Sep 2000 08:28:17 -0500 Size: 19311 Url: http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/pipermail/coral-list-old/attachments/20000918/d419e69b/attachment.mht From abaker at wcs.org Mon Sep 18 12:27:29 2000 From: abaker at wcs.org (Andrew Baker) Date: Mon, 18 Sep 2000 12:27:29 -0400 Subject: Deep skeletal refugia for zoox In-Reply-To: <39C6208B.C3F8079D@kgs.ukans.edu> Message-ID: <4.3.1.0.20000918112823.00c30be0@panther.wcs.org> Hi Bob Just a quickie to follow up on your questions. I hope it is still appropriate to keep this discussion on the public list. Yes, there is certainly scope for the idea that internal microhabitats might provide refugia for zoox taxa that are outcompeted at the surface under normal environmental conditions. Rob (Rowan) had some ideas related to this (when I first met him back in 1995) - specifically, that the outer tips of polyps might contain "sun-loving" zoox, while the deeper tissue between polyps might contain "shade tolerant" zoox - but the idea could be extended (literally!) into the skeleton itself, which I agree would be a very interesting project. As far as I know, no-one has studied this kind of small scale "zonation", and/or its relation to the Phoenix effect. It would be technically challenging - either by careful extraction from tissue/skeleton preparations (probably a somewhat haphazard approach), or by some kind of in situ hybridization protocol (a much better way of demonstrating spatial differentiation, and what Rob had intended to do back in 95). I'd love to hear from anyone who has attempted this. I've done some survey work looking at undersides of colonies (e.g. flipping over fungiids to find out what they have there), but never any deep skeleton stuff. I didn't find any striking differences (by that I mean weird or unusual zoox), but I did occasionally find "low light" zoox taxa similar to the story from Rowan et al 1997 in Nature. My guess is a drill press with a masonry grinder bit to produce a homogenate of tissue and skeleton might be the way to go (!a trip to the hardware store!), or sectioning followed by in situ hybridization. I'd ask Rob if he's ever attempted this, although I don't think he has. All of the protocols I'm aware of that people are using now for zoox extraction and ID would miss these refugia. Yes, there are a couple of places I would like to study zoox repopulation following bleaching. My main project with regards to this (with Peter Glynn) is looking at zoox repopulation in communities of reef corals in Panama and the Galapagos. These communities showed quite high incidences of bleaching, but not as much mortality as we might have expected (contact Peter for more details). I have tagged colonies in both areas that we can re-sample to see how zoox communities changed. These tagged colonies include some colonies that were extremely bleached and other adjacent colonies (of the same species) which appeared entirely unaffected (and - yes - its because they appear to have contained different zoox). But we don't know yet how many of the tagged colonies survived, or what zoox they have now if they did. We'll find out in the spring, although (with the intervening time period) interpretation might be difficult (but it usually is anyway...!) Finally - yes, you're right about collaborations between aquarists and researchers. The project you referred to by LeRoy Headlee is actually a collaboration he and I have to look at how zoox taxa change in the aquarium environment (small world, huh?). LeRoy has some interesting ideas on how to encourage rapid switching of symbionts in "captivity", and we are going to investigate them to see if they work. The research was funded by the American Zoo and Aquarium Association, with some matching support from GARF (LeRoy). You're right, I think it could be very interesting stuff. I will keep you posted, and hopefully tell you more in Bali. Andrew >Date: Sat, 16 Sep 2000 08:28:17 -0500 >From: "Robert W. Buddemeier" > >Right -- to the extent that different taxa of zoox inhabit coral tissue, >there could be a strong differentiation between those found in the >internal microhabitats. Repopulation of the skeletal structure from >these survivors woiuld be a different/alternative mechanism -- and a >much more reliable one -- compared to repopulating bleached but living >corals with a different zoox strain by external infection or internal >competititon. > >Such low-light refugia might well be missed by a standard approach to >coral tissue sampling (e.g., for zoox ID), and in any case might have >quite low populations of zoox. > >Some research oriented questions -- >1. Has anybody done zoox population studies at any of the sites now >characterized by rapid recovery after apparent mortality? (Andrew? >Rob?) If so, a revisit would be in order -- that could be the sort of >thing an NSF SGER award could be sought for. > >2. Who can evaluate whether their (or anybody's) protocol for sampling >zoox for ID would, might, or would not miss possible refugia (deep in >skeleton, undersides of colonies, etc.)? > >3. Now that there are good indications of taxa and locations where such >refugia might exist, a systematic search would seem to be in order. > >4. The aquarium and farming observations are important and >underexploited sources of information. For example, LeRoy Headlee's >recent response to David Zakai said, in part, "Very low priced adult >corals are not as hardy as domesticated corals, >we have funded a research project to learn the best way to accomplish >much faster the changes that happen to the corals symbiotic colonies >as they are domesticated. After the coral strains have been in >captivity for several semesters they become able to tolerate high >temperatures that often kill the same strain when it is freshly >imported." -- Seems to me that some collaborative research on the >mechanisms of that empirically observed change could have a very big >pay-off. > >Bob Buddemeier __________________ Andrew C. Baker, Ph.D. Wildlife Conservation Society Founded in 1895 as the New York Zoological Society From lesk at bio.bu.edu Mon Sep 18 13:44:34 2000 From: lesk at bio.bu.edu (Les Kaufman) Date: Mon, 18 Sep 2000 13:44:34 -0400 (EDT) Subject: Fw: Julian Sprung's email. In-Reply-To: Message-ID: I agree with Bill but predict a different manifestation. The microborers are actually present in the skeleton of LIVING corals. I'd predict a change in the relationship between the endoliths (particularly the fungi) and the coral polyps that would be recorded in skeletal microsctructure. Chris Bentis is currently doing his doctoral work on this at Berkely, we had a paper recently in Biological Bulletin. Yet another idea- in many parts of the world, the very first surficial recruits to bare substratum are Folliculina, a sessile ciliate. They present as little pepper-flecks on the coral surface (their chitinous tests are often dark grey or black). Les Kaufman Boston University Marine Program Department of Biology 5 Cummington Street Boston, MA 02215 lesk at bio.bu.edu 617-353-5560 office 617-353-6965 lab 617-353-6340 fax From kathyva at cc.wwu.edu Mon Sep 18 13:53:07 2000 From: kathyva at cc.wwu.edu (Kathryn L. Van Alstyne) Date: Mon, 18 Sep 2000 10:53:07 -0700 Subject: Minorities in Marine Science Undergraduate Program Message-ID: <39C65683.4338EC5B@cc.wwu.edu> MINORITIES IN MARINE SCIENCE UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAM (MIMSUP) PROGRAM The Shannon Point Marine Center (SPMC) invites applications for the 2001 Minorities in Marine Science Undergraduate Program (MIMSUP). This exciting, innovative program is designed to introduce U.S. citizens who are members of racial or ethnic groups currently under-represented in science and engineering (e.g., African Americans, Latino/Hispanics, Pacific Islanders, American Indians and Alaskan Natives) to academic and professional careers in marine science. Eight selected students will spend two quarters (January 9 - June 15) at the Shannon Point Marine Center taking introductory and specialized courses in the marine sciences (31 quarter credit hours), attending seminars and workshops, exploring career opportunities, and engaging in supervised research. They will also attend a national scientific meeting. After the program, students return to their home institutions to complete their undergraduate programs. FACILITIES The Shannon Point Marine Center is a facility of Western Washington University located in Anacortes, Washington approximately 45 miles from main campus. Facilities on the 87-acre field site include a 12,000 sq. ft. laboratory equipped for marine research and teaching and supplied with high-quality running seawater. A fleet of six research vessels provides access to the rich and diverse marine and estuarine habitats of Puget Sound. Dormitory facilities house up to 24 visitors, with kitchen facilities available for food preparation. Located on the mainland, SPMC offers access to marine and coastal environments typical of the Pacific Northwest, as well as the alpine environments of the Cascade Mountains and the Olympic Peninsula. The facility is 90 miles north of Seattle, Washington, and an equal distance south of Vancouver, B.C. STUDENT SUPPORT Funding from the National Science Foundation provides full financial support to program participants. This includes coverage of tuition and fees for two quarters, housing in the SPMC dormitory, one round trip between the student's residence and SPMC, and a $900 work-study allowance to help defray food costs for the duration of the program. HOW TO APPLY Applicants must be in an academic program leading to a bachelor's degree. Interested individuals should submit a brief letter describing their general background, goals and interests; a recommendation letter from a faculty member familiar with their academic record; and a current undergraduate transcript. Also include a current telephone number and e-mail address if possible. Application materials should be directed to Dr. Brian Bingham, Shannon Point Marine Center, 1900 Shannon Point Road, Anacortes, WA 98221. Telephone: (360) 293-2188, E-mail: bingham at cc.wwu.edu. Applications are considered as they are received and final selections will be announced by November 15, 2000. WWU is an affirmative action, equal opportunity institution and encourages persons with disabilities to apply. For more information on the program, facilities, and outcomes of previous MIMSUP years, visit our website at: http://www.wwu.edu/~mimsup. -------------- next part -------------- A non-text attachment was scrubbed... Name: kathyva.vcf Type: text/x-vcard Size: 322 bytes Desc: Card for Kathryn L. Van Alstyne Url : http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/pipermail/coral-list-old/attachments/20000918/d8ec458b/attachment.vcf From delbeek at hawaii.edu Mon Sep 18 16:15:08 2000 From: delbeek at hawaii.edu (J. Charles Delbeek) Date: Mon, 18 Sep 2000 10:15:08 -1000 Subject: Deep skeletal refugia for zoox In-Reply-To: <4.3.1.0.20000918112823.00c30be0@panther.wcs.org> Message-ID: On Mon, 18 Sep 2000, Andrew Baker wrote: > Yes, there are a couple of places I would like to study zoox repopulation > following bleaching. My main project with regards to this (with Peter > Glynn) is looking at zoox repopulation in communities of reef corals in > Panama and the Galapagos. These communities showed quite high incidences of > bleaching, but not as much mortality as we might have expected (contact > Peter for more details). I have tagged colonies in both areas that we can > re-sample to see how zoox communities changed. These tagged colonies > include some colonies that were extremely bleached and other adjacent > colonies (of the same species) which appeared entirely unaffected (and - > yes - its because they appear to have contained different zoox). But we > don't know yet how many of the tagged colonies survived, or what zoox they > have now if they did. We'll find out in the spring, although (with the > intervening time period) interpretation might be difficult (but it usually > is anyway...!) A couple of observations that may be of use: In aquaria one of the big differences in light regiemes with that in nature is the directionality of the light source in aquaria. As a result it is not uncommon to see gradual lightening of the undersides of coral colonies, not only branching species like Acropora but also plating species such as Echinopora. We do not see this as much in our aquaria that also get natural sunlight or are outdoors. Now if the zooxanthellae on the undersides of branches/plates etc are supposedly low-light adapted, then why do corals in artificially lit systems exhibit apparent zooxanthellae loss in these shaded areas? I assume it is because the light levels fall too low even for these zooxanthellae. I recently returned from a week in Majuro and Arno atolls (Sept 1-9th) in the Marshall Islands. In Majuro lagoon there is a small patch reef lying just south of the deepwater channel into the lagoon. This reef is dominated by Acropora species. There was no bleaching apparent except on the very top of the reef where the water felt warmer and was about 1-2' deep. What was striking was that on vertical branches of Acropora (gemmifera?) one side of the branch appeared bleached but the other side still had zooxanthellae, but there were also adjacent colonies that were totally bleached and algal growth was already apparent. This reef is rarely dived since seas are usually too high for the small dive charter boats to cross the nearby channel, however, during this week westerly winds provided calm waters and I assume, higher temps and lower water flow, resulting in almost 90% bleaching of Acroporids in the shallowest sections of this reef. Now, assuming that vertical branches get equal amounts of lighting over the course of a day, why would only one side of the branches on these colonies bleach? It seems counter-intuitive that the zoonxanthellae populations would be different on opposite sides of vertical branches, the undersides of horizontal branches ... I can see the logic, but vertical branches?? Aloha! J. Charles Delbeek Aquarium Biologist Waikiki Aquarium From scip7318 at nus.edu.sg Mon Sep 18 21:05:06 2000 From: scip7318 at nus.edu.sg (Angela Dikou) Date: Tue, 19 Sep 2000 09:05:06 +0800 Subject: Respones on identification of coral recruits ... Message-ID: <415039BB7DE8D011BC4600805F311E1603731888@exs25.ex.nus.edu.sg> Hello, I would like to thank all the people who replied to my request on identification of coral recruits; especially Andrew Baird for caring, professional, and lengthy response. Here are the helpful publications: Babcock RC (1992) Measuring coral recruitment. In: Workshop on coral and fish recruitment. Report Number 7. Boliano Marine Laboratory, Marine Science Institute, University of the Philippines. ISBN 642 19281 2.=20 English et al. (1997) Ed. Survey manual for tropical marine resource. Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville 368p Baird & Babcock (2000) Morphological differences among three species of newly settled pocilloporid coral recruits. Vernon and Wallace, 1984 Scleractinia of Eastern Australia. Australian Institute of Marine Science Monograph Series, Volume 6 J.E.N., Veron (1986) Corals of Australia and the Indopacific, University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu Carden Wallace's latest book on staghorns of the world available through CSIRO in Australia. Best regards Angela From McCarty_and_Peters at compuserve.com Mon Sep 18 21:44:11 2000 From: McCarty_and_Peters at compuserve.com (McCarty and Peters) Date: Mon, 18 Sep 2000 21:44:11 -0400 Subject: Deep skeletal refugia for zoox Message-ID: <200009182144_MC2-B3C8-1B22@compuserve.com> Dear All, I have followed the coral-list discussion of the possibility that coral tissue fragments survive deep in the skeleton to repopulate a damaged reef area. It seems to me that histological examination using light microscopy could be a helpful tool in conjunction with physiological and molecular studies of the animal and symbiotic algae. A portion of "apparently denuded" skeleton could be fixed in a formaldehyde-based solution, then decalcified. The decal solution could be filtered to retrieve all material (which can include boring algae, sponges, and other organisms) and carefully processed for paraffin or plastic embedding, sectioning, and staining. If live coral tissue is present, it should be possible to detect it with microscopy, as well as to determine its condition, whether the cells are multiplying, and how, in fact, the tissue recovers with time. Otherwise, one must rely on subjective observations of the "denuded" skeletal material. I would be interested in collaborating with U.S.-based researchers on this or providing advice to others who might undertake such studies. Esther Peters, Ph.D. Tetra Tech, Inc., and George Mason University From oveh at uq.edu.au Tue Sep 19 00:02:34 2000 From: oveh at uq.edu.au (Ove Hoegh-Guldberg) Date: Tue, 19 Sep 2000 14:02:34 +1000 Subject: Dates of any bleaching events in ... In-Reply-To: <72EE9065F361D41185C20000F877DA79148D0A@mail.nnm.nl> Message-ID: Dear Coral list, I am interested in collating data on when coral bleaching has been reported (to the day or month) in the following Pacific localities: Nauru approx - 2.7 S 164.5 E Vanuatu approx - 16.1 S 167 E Solomon Islands approx - 9.2 S 160.8 E Tuvalu approx - 7.7 S 177.2 E New Caledonia approx - 20 S 164 E Tonga approx - 19.2 S 173.5 W Cook Islands north approx - 9.9 S 161 W south approx - 17.5 S 163.2 W Kiribati approx - 2.9 S 171.4 W I am sorry for this intrusion but it seems that this may be the only way extending my current records. If you have any recollection or know of a literature source that would track the date of particular bleaching episodes in these areas I would be very grateful. Cheers, Ove Professor Ove Hoegh-Guldberg Director, Centre for Marine Studies University of Queensland St Lucia, 4072, QLD Phone: +61 07 3365 4333 Fax: +61 07 3365 4755 Email: oveh at uq.edu.au http://www.marine.uq.edu.au/ohg/index.htm From FlorosC at nu.ac.za Tue Sep 19 03:24:15 2000 From: FlorosC at nu.ac.za (Camilla Floros) Date: Tue, 19 Sep 2000 09:24:15 +0200 Subject: MSc thesis Message-ID: I am a MSc student carrying out research at Sodwana Bay on the north coast of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. My project attempts to assess coral reef stress, a major component of which deals with parasite loading. I am investigating infestations of the polychaete worm Spirobranchus giganteus (commonly know as the christmas-tree worm) on the plate coral Acropora clathrata. The literature available on parasite loading is very scarce and I am having problems finding answers to the following questions: 1. Is Spirobranchus indeed a parasite? Does its presence have any negative/stress effect on the plate coral e.g retard growth? 2. Can parasite loading be used as an indication of coral stress? 3. All Spirobranchus are found on living corals. So, how do the polychaete larvae settle on the coral with out being eaten by the polyps? Perhaps the larvae are settling on dead coral spots, and if so, could this indicate that the corals are already stressed and thus more prone to parasite infestations? While collecting data I have noted a type of barnacle that bores into the surface of the plate corals, often in large numbers. I have been unable to identify this barnacle in any reference book. Is this type of barnacle considered parasitic and detrimental to corals? Many thanks Camilla Camilla Floros School of Botany and Zoology University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg Email: FlorosC at nu.ac.za From Roger.B.Griffis at hdq.noaa.gov Tue Sep 19 10:14:11 2000 From: Roger.B.Griffis at hdq.noaa.gov (Roger B Griffis) Date: Tue, 19 Sep 2000 09:14:11 -0500 Subject: Commerce Secretary calls for ocean/coral funding Message-ID: <39C774B3.C5944007@hdq.noaa.gov> Press Release, Sept. 16, 2000 (NOAA 00-R419) U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration _____________________________________ Secretary Mineta Urges Congress to Fund Ocean Programs U.S. Secretary of Commerce Norman Y. Mineta today called on the U.S. Congress to join the Administration in an historic endeavor to protect our oceans for future generations. During a visit to the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary, Secretary Mineta urged Congress to fully fund President Clinton?s request for oceans programs and pass important new legislation that will enable states and local communities to join the effort. ?Our coastal regions and ocean resources are under increasing pressures. That is why I have made one of my top priorities to support new efforts to protect and sustain our ocean resources. My former colleagues on Capitol Hill can join our effort by fully funding the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration budget request including the President?s Lands Legacy Initiative which funds new ocean and costal programs.? During his sanctuary visit, Secretary Mineta also announced $2.5 million in grants to help save our vulnerable coral reefs from harmful environmental changes. He and NOAA Administrator D. James Baker joined a group of school children participating in the Coral Reef Classroom as they worked underwater with scientists to repair damaged coral reefs. The hands-on classroom, sponsored by the National Geographic and NOAA?s Florida Keys Marine Sanctuary, is part of the Sustainable Seas Expedition, a groundbreaking partnership between the National Geographic and NOAA to explore our vast oceans. ?The rapid decline of the world?s productive and economically vital coral reefs represents a serious threat to consumers, businesses, communities and the environment,? said Secretary Mineta. He stressed the importance of protecting coral reefs and all of our oceans. ?We all benefit from healthy oceans. They are the foundation for millions of jobs, billions of dollars and sustainable coastal communities. We must invest in protecting them.? Another important piece of the administration?s ocean initiative is the $3 billion Conservation and Reinvestment Act (CARA) which would provide funding to state and federal agencies to protect land and water resources, including coral reefs and oceans. State, local and federal partnerships are essential. ?The Senate has failed to pass CARA which has already been approved by the House. We need the Senate to pass this bill now if we are going to save our oceans and the communities which depend on them.? The $2.5 million NOAA grants will go to seven U.S. states and territories to launch new research and monitoring programs to understand the causes of reef declines and to track coral reef health. According to NOAA Administrator D. James Baker, this is an important step in the plan to implement the first ever National Action Plan for Coral Reef Conservation. Baker said, ?this is just one example of NOAA?s effort to better explore, protect and sustain vital ocean and coastal habitat. We need to educate all Americans about the importance of oceans and inspire them to join us in promoting a new ocean ethic.? For more information contact: Connie Barclay (301) 775-6425 Roger Griffis (202) 482-5034 -------------- next part -------------- A non-text attachment was scrubbed... Name: Roger.B.Griffis.vcf Type: text/x-vcard Size: 424 bytes Desc: Card for Roger B Griffis Url : http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/pipermail/coral-list-old/attachments/20000919/b530231c/attachment.vcf From jch at aoml.noaa.gov Tue Sep 19 11:18:04 2000 From: jch at aoml.noaa.gov (coral-list admin) Date: Tue, 19 Sep 2000 15:18:04 GMT Subject: coral bleaching in Seychelles Message-ID: <200009191518.PAA14400@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> Dear Coral-Listers, My colleague Dr. Al Strong of NOAA/NESDIS recently forwarded the following message to me from Tim Ecott. Al forwarded the message to me for comment, and I wrote back to Tim, as did Dr. Marguerite Toscano (also of NESDIS), and Tim replied (also attached). I would very much appreciate it if you could review this message and offer any comment (to coral-list and/or Tim, timecott at hotmail.com) you might have to further illustrate the condition of the reefs in the areas he has mentioned. [Note: the text of the messages has been altered somewhat to make it more readable, but none of the dialogue has been eliminated.] Many thanks for your thoughts. =09Cheers, =09Jim Hendee Forwarded message Date: Wed, 6 Sep 2000 12:34:15 -0400 From: tim ecott To: Al Strong Subject: WWW comments (Coral bleaching indice) I have just returned from Mahe, Seychelles where I dived inshore reefs - sites which I had previously dived and worked on as a dive leader from 1992-97. I was shocked to find that on some reefs i estimated 95% of the hard coral to be dead/missing and whole groups of fish also missing or in much reduced numbers. Parrotfish, angelfish, butterflyfish seemed particularly low in numbers - sea cucumbers, anemones and other invertebrates were almost invisible - The reefs in question were part of the National marine Parks system in some cases, while others have been severely affected by land reclamation projects, sewage outfall and reef dredging for building. Authorities in Seychelles continue to proclaim that the coral reefs are no worse affected than other reefs around the world. This is untrue. They are virtually dead. Deeper offshore sites (30m +) are obviously less affected. Grateful for any feedback. tim ecott Date: Thu, 7 Sep 2000 08:15:02 -0400 (EDT) From: Jim Hendee To: tim ecott Cc: Al Strong Subject: WWW comments (Coral bleaching indice) (fwd) Tim, We would like to verify the message below and find out more from you about these observations. Did you mean to say that instances of hard coral were actually missing? Do you feel they were poached (live aquarium trade), dredged, or what? Do you by chance have any records of sea temperature or salinity or other physical factors? Are the locals (besides the "authorities" ) aware of this? Have you reported this to anyone else? Do you have more specific information on location, such as name of reef(s) or latitude and longitude? Thanks! Cheers, Jim Hendee Forwarded message Subject: Re: WWW comments (Coral bleaching indice) Date: Thu, 07 Sep 2000 13:51:24 GMT From: =93tim ecott=94 I'm fascinated by the idea of the "phoenix effect" and am glad to see it getting so much attention on this list. For what its worth, I have a specimen of Fungia sp. that has been producing anthocauli (perhaps more properly termed anthoblasts because of asexual derivation?) for over 4 years now. It seems that, given appropriate environmental conditions, these specimens can bud indefinitely. This animal has produced nearly 100 offspring in this time and has shown no regeneration of tissue over the primary polyp. It seems that this would be an ideal organism to work with in marine ornamental aquaculture. Many damaged specimens are simply tossed away because they have no "commercial value" while they could be harnessed as Fungia factories! The majority of the anthoblasts here died during a period of low calcium/alkalinity in the system that they were being maintained in, but a number survive and have reached skeletal diameters of 6-8 cm. I published a review of other's work and some data about my inability to induce budding using Boschma's protocol (ablation of primary mouth) in a closed water system. The citation follows for those interested. Shepherd, W.R. (1999). Captive propagation and induced budding of mushroom corals (Scleractinia: Fungiidae) Association of Zoos and Aquariums Regional Conference Proceedings 1999. 22-27 -Bart ><((((?>..><((((?>..><((((?>..><((((?>.. Bart Shepherd Steinhart Aquarium California Academy of Sciences Golden Gate Park San Francisco CA 94118 ----------------------------------------- tel (415) 750 7289 fax (415) 750 7269 ----------------------------------------- ><((((?>..><((((?>..><((((?>..><((((?>.. From J.turner at bangor.ac.uk Tue Sep 19 15:19:31 2000 From: J.turner at bangor.ac.uk (Dr John R Turner) Date: Tue, 19 Sep 2000 20:19:31 +0100 Subject: Seychelles: Ecott report of coral bleaching References: <200009191518.PAA14400@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> Message-ID: <39C7BC42.501B4E8B@bangor.ac.uk> Dear Coral list, The status of coral reefs in the granitic islands of the Seychelles archipelago has recently been assessed by two independent surveys following the mass mortality caused by the 1997/98 bleaching event. Engelhardt, working in collaboration with the Seychelles Department of Conservation surveyed 15 sites located mainly on the north west coast of Mahe during November and December 1999. During January 2000, Turner, Klaus, Hardman and West, working in collaboration with the Seychelles Marine Park Authority, surveyed 46 reef sites mainly to the east of Mahe, including Ste Anne, Ile Moyenne, Ile Cerf, Cousine, Praslin, Curieuse, La Digue, Grand Soeur and Felicite. Reefs around the granitic islands are shallow, and rarely exceed 15m depth. Both surveys aimed to assess reef structure over the full depth range, with corals identified to genus and species where possible, and assessed reef recovery by recording new colonies believed to have established since the bleaching event. The combined results of the surveys will shortly be published by CORDIO (Coral Reef Degradation in the Indian Ocean). The abstract of our paper may answer some of Tim Ecotts questions: The shallow coral reefs of the Seychelles granitic islands have suffered severe degradation during the two year period following the 1997/98 mass coral bleaching event, and signs of recovery are slight. Live coral cover has been reduced to less than 10% on most reefs around the inner islands, and partial mortality of colonies is high. Dead standing coral is present on sheltered reefs, while exposed reefs have already been reduced to rubble. Zoanthids, corallimorpharian anemones, and encrusting red and green calcareous algae have colonised shallow reef slopes and lagoons, and soft corals are growing on deeper reef slopes. Branching and tabular Acropora species and branching Pocillopora species have died on all reefs. Surviving corals are massives, particularly Porites, Goniopora, Acanthastrea and Diploastrea. Remnant coral cover is highest in areas dominated by low diversity coral communities largely composed of stress tolerant species such as Porites and Goniopora with low structural complexity. These occur in areas of high turbidity in Beau Vallon Bay and adjacent to the harbour on Mahe, which may have escaped high solar radiation during the bleaching event, but are most at risk from land based activities. Most coral species have survived somewhere in the granitic islands, and hence overall coral diversity has been partially reduced in the region, although diversity on individual reefs has been severely reduced (to a median of 8 genera and 10 species). Recruitment of the branching corals Acropora and Pocillopora onto the reefs is low, with 35% of the sites surveyed showing no recruitment. Recruits 1-10cms in size have been observed on limestone pavement, dead standing coral and rubble. These small colonies are vulnerable to predation from fish and urchins, and to damage by abrasion or overturning from mobile unconsolidated substrates during storms. Recruitment may not be effective until substrates become consolidated, and may be dependent on the surviving species in the region. The reefs of the inner islands lack well developed algal ridges, but rather have limestone platforms, from which most corals have died. Death and erosion of the reef edge has exposed many lagoons and shores to wave action, and there are indications of beach erosion on some islands such as La Digue. There is an urgent need to monitor recruitment and to protect live coral and recovering reefs, especially in those areas affected by activities on land, fishing and anchoring. Finally, Emily Hardman begins a PhD this month at the University of Wales Bangor and in the Seychelles (with cooperation from the Marine Park Authority) in which she will be examining the recovery of the reefs around the granitic islands. Dr John R Turner School of Ocean Sciences University of Wales, Bangor Marine Science Laboratories Menai Bridge Anglesey Gwynedd LL59 5EY UK Tel/Fax: +44 (0) 1248 382881 E mail: J.turner at bangor.ac.uk Web site: http://www.sos.bangor.ac.uk From olof at timmermon.se Wed Sep 20 02:36:03 2000 From: olof at timmermon.se (Olof Linden) Date: Wed, 20 Sep 2000 08:36:03 +0200 Subject: Seychelles: Ecott report of coral bleaching References: <200009191518.PAA14400@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> <39C7BC42.501B4E8B@bangor.ac.uk> Message-ID: <001a01c022cd$0d1e3f20$12ff143e@OlofLinden> John, Tim, Coral-list, Let me just add that the CORDIO Status Report 2000 is in print and will be available October 1st. Olof Linden ----- Original Message ----- From: Dr John R Turner To: coral-list admin Cc: ; Sent: Tuesday, September 19, 2000 9:19 PM Subject: Re: Seychelles: Ecott report of coral bleaching > Dear Coral list, > > The status of coral reefs in the granitic islands of the Seychelles archipelago > has recently been assessed by two independent surveys following the mass > mortality caused by the 1997/98 bleaching event. Engelhardt, working in > collaboration with the Seychelles Department of Conservation surveyed 15 sites > located mainly on the north west coast of Mahe during November and December > 1999. During January 2000, Turner, Klaus, Hardman and West, working in > collaboration with the Seychelles Marine Park Authority, surveyed 46 reef sites > mainly to the east of Mahe, including Ste Anne, Ile Moyenne, Ile Cerf, Cousine, > Praslin, Curieuse, La Digue, Grand Soeur and Felicite. Reefs around the > granitic islands are shallow, and rarely exceed 15m depth. Both surveys aimed > to assess reef structure over the full depth range, with corals identified to > genus and species where possible, and assessed reef recovery by recording new > colonies believed to have established since the bleaching event. > > The combined results of the surveys will shortly be published by CORDIO (Coral > Reef Degradation in the Indian Ocean). The abstract of our paper may answer some > of Tim Ecotts questions: > The shallow coral reefs of the Seychelles granitic islands have suffered severe > degradation during the two year period following the 1997/98 mass coral > bleaching event, and signs of recovery are slight. Live coral cover has been > reduced to less than 10% on most reefs around the inner islands, and partial > mortality of colonies is high. Dead standing coral is present on sheltered > reefs, while exposed reefs have already been reduced to rubble. Zoanthids, > corallimorpharian anemones, and encrusting red and green calcareous algae have > colonised shallow reef slopes and lagoons, and soft corals are growing on deeper > reef slopes. Branching and tabular Acropora species and branching Pocillopora > species have died on all reefs. Surviving corals are massives, particularly > Porites, Goniopora, Acanthastrea and Diploastrea. Remnant coral cover is > highest in areas dominated by low diversity coral communities largely composed > of stress tolerant species such as Porites and Goniopora with low structural > complexity. These occur in areas of high turbidity in Beau Vallon Bay and > adjacent to the harbour on Mahe, which may have escaped high solar radiation > during the bleaching event, but are most at risk from land based activities. > Most coral species have survived somewhere in the granitic islands, and hence > overall coral diversity has been partially reduced in the region, although > diversity on individual reefs has been severely reduced (to a median of 8 genera > and 10 species). Recruitment of the branching corals Acropora and Pocillopora > onto the reefs is low, with 35% of the sites surveyed showing no recruitment. > Recruits 1-10cms in size have been observed on limestone pavement, dead standing > coral and rubble. These small colonies are vulnerable to predation from fish > and urchins, and to damage by abrasion or overturning from mobile unconsolidated > substrates during storms. Recruitment may not be effective until substrates > become consolidated, and may be dependent on the surviving species in the > region. The reefs of the inner islands lack well developed algal ridges, but > rather have limestone platforms, from which most corals have died. Death and > erosion of the reef edge has exposed many lagoons and shores to wave action, and > there are indications of beach erosion on some islands such as La Digue. There > is an urgent need to monitor recruitment and to protect live coral and > recovering reefs, especially in those areas affected by activities on land, > fishing and anchoring. > > Finally, Emily Hardman begins a PhD this month at the University of Wales Bangor > and in the Seychelles (with cooperation from the Marine Park Authority) in which > she will be examining the recovery of the reefs around the granitic islands. > > Dr John R Turner > > School of Ocean Sciences > University of Wales, Bangor > Marine Science Laboratories > Menai Bridge > Anglesey > Gwynedd > LL59 5EY > UK > > Tel/Fax: +44 (0) 1248 382881 > E mail: J.turner at bangor.ac.uk > Web site: http://www.sos.bangor.ac.uk > > From jgilmour at cyllene.uwa.edu.au Wed Sep 20 03:42:47 2000 From: jgilmour at cyllene.uwa.edu.au (James Gilmour) Date: Wed, 20 Sep 2000 15:42:47 +0800 Subject: Fungiid budding and population dynamics Message-ID: <01C02319.6DEEE060.jgilmour@cyllene.uwa.edu.au> Dear coral listers, there appears to be some interest in the production of asexual buds by fungiid corals, so I thought I would share my results to date. I have genetic, size frequency and tagging data (growth, mortality, etc) for population(s) of Fungia fungites. I have monitored populations for 2.5 years through a mass coral bleaching (1998) and two cyclones. In one study population, a high level of sedimentation is related to a high frequency of bud production (60% of population). Budding results from polyp injury, and small pieces of parent tissue in the damaged region regress into the septa and costae (see Boschma 1923, Krupp et al. 1992). Approximately 6-8 months later, buds are first seen by eye (0.3cm diam.), on the top, bottom or sides of the polyp. Partial polyp mortality, in this species at this study population, is usually followed (<6 - 12 months) by whole polyp mortality. Electrophoretic analysis (N = 95) indicates that most (all?) buds on fungiid skeletons are derived asexually from the parent tissue. All buds ( n = 2- 5) sampled from a single parent ( n = 23) were the same genotype, and three parents with some remaining tissue were the same genotype as their attached buds. There was no genetic evidence for sexual recruitment to dead skeletons, and, as in other studies of fungiids, I have had no detectable recruitment to settlement plates over three mass spawnings. Different experimental treatments, including sedimentation, have been found to cause partial or whole polyp mortality, and therefore asexual bud production. The number of buds per parent is probably related to the amount of adult tissue contributing to the process. I did not, however, find any relationship between polyp size and number of buds produced (>0.3cm diameter), probably because of the variability in tissue damage and the very high mortality rates of buds when first emerging. At the sediment-affected population, mean bud size was approximately 1cm (diam.), and buds detached from the parent at a size of approximately 2.5cm. Bud mortality was high (67%). In contrast, sexual recruits attached to the substrata in regions of lower sediment stress, and remained there for longer, detaching at a size of around 6cm. Consequently, mortality rates for sexual recruits were much lower (8%) than for asexual buds, and because they detach at a larger size, had a much greater chance of survival given strong size specific mortality rates in free living polyps. I will be comparing the results obtained from size frequency, tagging, and genetic analysis of the sediment affected population at the 9th ICRS in Bali. Results for this, and other populations, using each of the three methods, will be published shortly. There has been some interesting work published on fungiids and below is a brief summary. Regards, James 1. Abe, N. Growth of Fungia actiniformis var. palawensis Doderlin and its environmental conditions. Palao Tropical Biological Station Studies 37, 105-145. 1923. 2. Boschma H. Experimental budding in Fungia fungites. Proc K Ned Akad Wet 26, 88-96. 1923. 3. Chadwick-Furman, N E and Loya, Y. Migration, habitat use, and competition among mobile corals (Scleractinia:Fungiidae) in the Gulf of Eilat, Red Sea. Mar Biol 114, 617-623. 1992. 4. Chadwick NE, Loya Y. Regeneration aftrer experimental breakage in the solitary reef coral Fungia granulosa Klunzinger, 1879. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 142, 221-234. 1990. 5. Chadwick, N E. Competition and locomotion in a free living fungiid coral. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 123, 189-200. 1988. 6. Chandwick-Furman, N E, Goffredo, S, and Loya, Y. Growth and population dynamics model of the reef coral Fungia granulosa Klunzinger, 1879 at Eilat, northern Red Sea. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 249, 199-218. 2000. 7. Jokiel, P L and Bigger, C H. Aspects of histocompatability and regeneration in the solitary reef coral Fungia scutaria. Biol Bull 186, 72-80. 1994. 8. Kramarsky-Winter E, Loya Y. Regeneration versus budding in fungiid corals: a trade-off. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 134, 179-185. 1996. 9. Krupp DA. Sexual reproduction and early development of the solitary coral Fungia scutaria (Anthozoa: Scleractinia). Coral Reefs 2, 159-164. 1983. 10. Krupp DA, Jokiel PL Chartrand TS. Asexual reproduction by the solitary scleractinian coral Fungia scutaria on dead parent coralla in Kanehoe Bay, Oahu, Hawaiian Islands. Proc 7th Int Symp Coral Reefs 1, 527-534. 1992. 11. Kramarsky-Winter, E and Loya, Y. Reproductive strategies of two fungiid corals from the northern Red Sea: environmental constraints? Mar Ecol Prog Ser 174, 175-182. 1998. *** PLEASE NOTE NEW PHONE NUMBER: 08 93807192 *** James Gilmour Department of Zoology University of Western Australia Nedlands, W.A. 6907 Australia Ph +61 08 93807192 Fax +61 08 93801029 From shazeem at safat.kisr.edu.kw Wed Sep 20 07:18:08 2000 From: shazeem at safat.kisr.edu.kw (Shaker Alhazeem) Date: Wed, 20 Sep 2000 14:18:08 +0300 Subject: End of summer coral bleaching. Message-ID: <39C89CF0.472B6D97@safat.kisr.edu.kw> Dear Coral-Listers, Kuwait is experiencing a major coral bleaching event now. Bleaching is occurring in excess of about 80% in some areas. The phenomenon is recent having started within the last week. This is the end of the hot season so temperature had fluctuated last week, so temperature shock most likely was the effect on corals. The water temperature was around 32?C on the time of observing coral bleaching. About three weeks ago I have visited Kubbar island coral reef in Kuwait in August 12th 2000. I have found there was about 10% bleached coral colonies and water temperature was 35?C. But this visit last weekend the coral was bleached about 80% and water temperature around 32?C in September 14th 2000. But Quro coral reef had showed about 40% coral bleaching only, that could be for the reason it is less stressed coral around in Quro, as it is farther away from the coast so less human impact. Last week we had sudden drop in the temperature and it came back up after that week, which could be the real cause of the coral bleaching is temperature shock. With Best Wishes, Shaker Alhazeem Research Associate Mariculture and Fisheries Dept. Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research P.O. Box : 1638 22017 Salmiya - Kuwait Fax : (965) 5711293 Email: shazeem at safat.kisr.edu.kw From s801659 at student.uq.edu.au Wed Sep 20 08:15:00 2000 From: s801659 at student.uq.edu.au (Simon) Date: Wed, 20 Sep 2000 22:15:00 +1000 Subject: Pre-bleaching event data is available Message-ID: Hello, Regarding the status of pre-bleached Seychelles marine communities. In 1995 and 1996 I took part in an expedition to the Seychelles to undertake Reefwatch style surveys directed by the University of York and have made my draft reports available on a dedicated website. http://dspace.dial.pipex.com/town/avenue/aba60 The study area included 20,000 m2 (4 sites) in Baie Ternay and 15,000 m2 along the fringing reef slope at Baie Baeu Vallon including Auberge Reef, Corsair Reef and Fishermans Cove. In addition some observations were made at Brissare Rocks. Non-scleractinian invertebrates were counted as number of individuals and as areal coverage in m2 for colonial or aggregating animals along 250m x 2m transects. For fish, visual census used 250 x 20m transects and included 10 fish families and length estimates for target species of the artisanal fishery. Although GPS coordinates are not available I think the relevant Govmnt Department in Mahe has a complete report which should include a map as well as more info on water quality, hard coral cover and reefwatch site inspection data. The survey technique is simple and therefore easily repeatable given the time and effort. It may provide an ideal opportunity for an assessment of change as a result of the bleaching event and trajectory of the recovery. One outcome of the expedition was to have started a monitoring program so perhaps the Govnmt has a time series of data for these areas ?!! The full reports may also be available from Dr Rupert Ormond. I had hoped to have published some form of this information by now but ...... Regards Simon Simon James Pittman Landscape Ecology Group Department of Geographical Sciences University of Queensland QLD 4072, Australia From astrong at nesdis.noaa.gov Wed Sep 20 09:49:43 2000 From: astrong at nesdis.noaa.gov (Al Strong) Date: Wed, 20 Sep 2000 09:49:43 -0400 Subject: Kuwait Bleaching References: <39C89CF0.472B6D97@safat.kisr.edu.kw> Message-ID: <39C8C077.A6A52ACB@nesdis.noaa.gov> Coral-listers - >From the NOAA Coral Reef Bleaching Indices page: http://psbsgi1.nesdis.noaa.gov:8080/PSB/EPS/SST/dhw_news.html The link to : Oman - Muscat 23.7N, 58.6E shows: 12wk accum today 9.7 Max 12wk* 16 (98) Current temp (C) 27.5 Exp. max temp** 30.1 The 12wk DHWs: http://psbsgi1.nesdis.noaa.gov/PSB/EPS/SST/dhw12week.east.gif shows DHWs of 9 to 10 in much of the Persian Gulf/Arabian Sea! These levels were seen in 1999 at this time as well: http://psbsgi1.nesdis.noaa.gov:8080/PSB/EPS/icg/ehet.s71999.e91999.gif ...and the maximum accumulation at "Oman-Muscat" for the recent 10 years occurred in 1998: DHW = 16! (based on satellite SSTs) Fortunately SSTs have cooled considerably at this time at Oman - Muscat. We see 27.5C from our satellite data...some 3 degrees C BELOW the critical HotSpot threshold (30.1degC + 1degC = 31.1degC) that brought on this most recent bout of bleaching. AES **** <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* Alan E. Strong Phys Scientist/Oceanographer NOAA/NESDIS/ORA/ORAD -- E/RA3 NOAA Science Center -- RM 711W 5200 Auth Road Camp Springs, MD 20746-4304 Alan.E.Strong at noaa.gov 301-763-8102 x170 FAX: 301-763-8108 http://orbit-net.nesdis.noaa.gov/orad From hendee at aoml.noaa.gov Wed Sep 20 10:30:07 2000 From: hendee at aoml.noaa.gov (Jim Hendee) Date: Wed, 20 Sep 2000 10:30:07 -0400 (EDT) Subject: DIGESTS: not yet, but soon? Message-ID: Greetings, I know many of you are anxious to begin receiving the weekly or daily digests again. I have enlisted the help of one of majordomo's authors (Dan Liston) to help, but he has not yet found the problem either. We anticipate a breakthrough "soon" but can offer nothing more than that at this time. Please DO NOT try to sign up for any of the digests until we are ready, as this will just slow us down. We DO NOT have a sign-up list for when we do get the lists going, so please do not ask us to sign you up when we do get it running. Using the automated sign-up (by you) saves us time, which we can of course use in other things. If the messages you are receiving are an annoyance to you in the frequency, but you'd still like to receive the digests, you can: a) unsubscribe now, and try again later b) make judicious use of the "D" key in deleting them from your inbox c) grin and bear it until you see the "DIGESTS WORKING" subject header in your inbox, then sub/unsub whatever you'd like d) unsubscribe from the whole thing because you just can't take it any more In summary, HANG TIGHT! We're working on it! Your patience is appreciated, really. Cheers, Jim Hendee coral-list admin From astrong at nesdis.noaa.gov Wed Sep 20 11:26:21 2000 From: astrong at nesdis.noaa.gov (Al Strong) Date: Wed, 20 Sep 2000 11:26:21 -0400 Subject: Kuwait Bleaching References: <39C89CF0.472B6D97@safat.kisr.edu.kw> <39C8C077.A6A52ACB@nesdis.noaa.gov> Message-ID: <39C8D71D.DAC59302@nesdis.noaa.gov> Is anyone able to provide this week's SSTs for any region in the Gulf?? We are trying to verify our present SSTs from our satellites... Thanks, Al Strong Al Strong wrote: > Coral-listers - > >From the NOAA Coral Reef Bleaching Indices page: > http://psbsgi1.nesdis.noaa.gov:8080/PSB/EPS/SST/dhw_news.html > > The link to : > Oman - Muscat > 23.7N, 58.6E shows: > 12wk accum today 9.7 > Max 12wk* 16 (98) > Current temp (C) 27.5 > Exp. max temp** 30.1 > > The 12wk DHWs: > http://psbsgi1.nesdis.noaa.gov/PSB/EPS/SST/dhw12week.east.gif > > shows DHWs of 9 to 10 in much of the Persian Gulf/Arabian Sea! > > These levels were seen in 1999 at this time as well: > http://psbsgi1.nesdis.noaa.gov:8080/PSB/EPS/icg/ehet.s71999.e91999.gif > > ...and the maximum accumulation at "Oman-Muscat" for the recent 10 years > occurred in 1998: DHW = 16! (based on satellite SSTs) > > Fortunately > SSTs have cooled considerably at this time at Oman - Muscat. > We see 27.5C from our satellite data...some 3 degrees C BELOW the critical > > HotSpot threshold (30.1degC + 1degC = 31.1degC) that brought on this most > recent > bout of bleaching. > > AES > > **** <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* > Alan E. Strong > Phys Scientist/Oceanographer > NOAA/NESDIS/ORA/ORAD -- E/RA3 > NOAA Science Center -- RM 711W > 5200 Auth Road > Camp Springs, MD 20746-4304 > Alan.E.Strong at noaa.gov > 301-763-8102 x170 > FAX: 301-763-8108 > http://orbit-net.nesdis.noaa.gov/orad -- **** <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* Alan E. Strong Phys Scientist/Oceanographer NOAA/NESDIS/ORA/ORAD -- E/RA3 NOAA Science Center -- RM 711W 5200 Auth Road Camp Springs, MD 20746-4304 Alan.E.Strong at noaa.gov 301-763-8102 x170 FAX: 301-763-8108 http://orbit-net.nesdis.noaa.gov/orad From LESSIOSH at naos.si.edu Wed Sep 20 13:45:39 2000 From: LESSIOSH at naos.si.edu (Harilaos Lessios) Date: Wed, 20 Sep 2000 13:45:39 -0400 Subject: Position available Message-ID: Tropical Marine Scientist The Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute has a position available for a Marine Scientist working in any aspect of tropical marine biology or geology. The successful candidate will be expected to help develop the Institute's Caribbean marine station at Bocas del Toro, located within one hour's flight northwest of Panama City. STRI is building a modern biological station at Bocas del Toro for the use of resident and visiting scientists as well as students. All branches of marine science will be considered, but a candidate with a program of field research that involves the extensive coral reef/seagrass/mangrove ecosystems in the region or the richly fossiliferous Neogene marine sequences will be preferred. Qualified persons should submit a statement of research; complete curriculum vitae; and addresses, telephone numbers, and e-mail addresses of five references. Review of application will begin on 15 November 2000 and will continue until the position is filled. Send applications to: Mrs. Luz Latorraca, Office of Human Resources, STRI, Unit 0948, APO AA 34002, U.S.A. Telephone: +01-202-786-2099, extension 8094 (U.S.A.); Fax: +507-212-8150 (Panama); e-mail: latorrac at tivoli.si.edu. For additional information about STRI, please consult website: http://www.stri.org. The appointment will be made without consideration of nationality, creed, race, or gender. From MBRANDEN at kennesaw.Lawco.com Wed Sep 20 16:40:11 2000 From: MBRANDEN at kennesaw.Lawco.com (Brandenburg,Mark) Date: Wed, 20 Sep 2000 16:40:11 -0400 Subject: Zooanthid Growth rates Message-ID: <4D333629EC74D211A0F900104B79C72D3712B9@miami-1.wins.lawco.com> Does anyone have any information on or know of references relating to the growth rates of zooanthids in the Caribbean, specifically Palythoa caribaeorum. The only reference I have found is: Karlson, R.H. 1988. Size-dependent growth in two zoanthid species: a contrast in clonal strategies. Ecology 69(4): 1219-1232. Mark Brandenburg, M.S. Project Scientist Law Engineering & Environmental Services, Inc. 5845 NW 158th Street Miami Lakes, FL 33014 (305) 826-5588 Fax (305) 826-1799 mbranden at lawco.com -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/pipermail/coral-list-old/attachments/20000920/b9bdddb7/attachment.html From r.berkelmans at aims.gov.au Wed Sep 20 20:02:25 2000 From: r.berkelmans at aims.gov.au (Ray Berkelmans) Date: Thu, 21 Sep 2000 10:02:25 +1000 Subject: End of summer coral bleaching. In-Reply-To: Message-ID: Hello Shaker! (and C-listers) They breed corals tough where you come from! But obviously still not tough enough... Your observations about increasing bleaching while temperatures cool are very interesting. These sound remarkably like the observations we made at Hardy Reef on the GBR (offshore) in early 1998. Temperatures peaked at 29.9?C (av. daily) on 23-24 Feb, but bleaching was not observed until 13 March (18 days later), well after temperatures had cooled. Bleaching was only mild, suggesting that the bleaching threshold was only exceeded by a relatively small amount (& probably for a short duration). Observations about the state of the corals were made every day by a biologist (Jackie Shields) aboard a tourist vessel. To me these observations suggest that there may be a delay in the onset of bleaching (at least visible symptoms of bleaching) following stress. Observations of bleaching and temperatures at other sites indicate that this delay is considerably reduced (or absent) when stress temperatures are exceeded by a large amount. These field observations are consistent with the delayed bleaching response I reported in Coral Reefs (18:219-228) following experimentally induced temperature stress. Does any one else have similar observations? Ray Berkelmans AIMS PMB 3 Townsville Q4810 Ph 47534268 -----Original Message----- From: owner-coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov [mailto:owner-coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov] On Behalf Of Shaker Alhazeem Sent: Wednesday, 20 September 2000 9:18 PM To: Coral List Subject: End of summer coral bleaching. Dear Coral-Listers, Kuwait is experiencing a major coral bleaching event now. Bleaching is occurring in excess of about 80% in some areas. The phenomenon is recent having started within the last week. This is the end of the hot season so temperature had fluctuated last week, so temperature shock most likely was the effect on corals. The water temperature was around 32?C on the time of observing coral bleaching. About three weeks ago I have visited Kubbar island coral reef in Kuwait in August 12th 2000. I have found there was about 10% bleached coral colonies and water temperature was 35?C. But this visit last weekend the coral was bleached about 80% and water temperature around 32?C in September 14th 2000. But Quro coral reef had showed about 40% coral bleaching only, that could be for the reason it is less stressed coral around in Quro, as it is farther away from the coast so less human impact. Last week we had sudden drop in the temperature and it came back up after that week, which could be the real cause of the coral bleaching is temperature shock. With Best Wishes, Shaker Alhazeem Research Associate Mariculture and Fisheries Dept. Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research P.O. Box : 1638 22017 Salmiya - Kuwait Fax : (965) 5711293 Email: shazeem at safat.kisr.edu.kw From s96008249 at usp.ac.fj Thu Sep 21 18:06:57 2000 From: s96008249 at usp.ac.fj (s96008249 at usp.ac.fj) Date: Thu, 21 Sep 2000 15:06:57 -0700 Subject: depth profile Message-ID: <01JUFU1YIBPM000KDD@usp.ac.fj> A non-text attachment was scrubbed... Name: not available Type: text/enriched Size: 828 bytes Desc: not available Url : http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/pipermail/coral-list-old/attachments/20000921/a2c690b6/attachment.bin From buddrw at kgs.ukans.edu Thu Sep 21 12:15:16 2000 From: buddrw at kgs.ukans.edu (Bob Buddemeier) Date: Thu, 21 Sep 2000 11:15:16 -0500 Subject: End of summer coral bleaching. References: Message-ID: <39CA33FF.9DE6CBEF@kgs.ukans.edu> What were sea state (wind) and light conditions? Since the "high temperature" bleaching certainly involves light and probably reduced water motion as synergistic stressors, it's not surprising that there isn't a monotonic response to any single variable viewed in isolation. Bob Buddemeier Ray Berkelmans wrote: > > Hello Shaker! (and C-listers) > > They breed corals tough where you come from! But obviously still not tough > enough... > Your observations about increasing bleaching while temperatures cool are > very interesting. These sound remarkably like the observations we made at > Hardy Reef on the GBR (offshore) in early 1998. Temperatures peaked at > 29.9?C (av. daily) on 23-24 Feb, but bleaching was not observed until 13 > March (18 days later), well after temperatures had cooled. Bleaching was > only mild, suggesting that the bleaching threshold was only exceeded by a > relatively small amount (& probably for a short duration). Observations > about the state of the corals were made every day by a biologist (Jackie > Shields) aboard a tourist vessel. To me these observations suggest that > there may be a delay in the onset of bleaching (at least visible symptoms of > bleaching) following stress. Observations of bleaching and temperatures at > other sites indicate that this delay is considerably reduced (or absent) > when stress temperatures are exceeded by a large amount. These field > observations are consistent with the delayed bleaching response I reported > in Coral Reefs (18:219-228) following experimentally induced temperature > stress. Does any one else have similar observations? > > Ray Berkelmans > AIMS > PMB 3 > Townsville Q4810 > Ph 47534268 > > -----Original Message----- > From: owner-coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov > [mailto:owner-coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov] On Behalf Of Shaker Alhazeem > Sent: Wednesday, 20 September 2000 9:18 PM > To: Coral List > Subject: End of summer coral bleaching. > > Dear Coral-Listers, > > Kuwait is experiencing a major coral bleaching event now. Bleaching is > occurring in excess of about 80% in some areas. The phenomenon is > recent having started within the last week. This is the end of the hot > season so temperature had fluctuated last week, so temperature shock > most likely was the effect on corals. The water temperature was around > 32?C on the time of observing coral bleaching. > About three weeks ago I have visited Kubbar island coral reef in Kuwait > in August 12th 2000. I have found there was about 10% bleached coral > colonies and water temperature was 35?C. But this visit last weekend > the coral was bleached about 80% and water temperature around 32?C in > September 14th 2000. But Quro coral reef had showed about 40% coral > bleaching only, that could be for the reason it is less stressed coral > around in Quro, as it is farther away from the coast so less human > impact. Last week we had sudden drop in the temperature and it came back > up after that week, which could be the real cause of the coral bleaching > is temperature shock. > > With Best Wishes, > > Shaker Alhazeem > > Research Associate > Mariculture and Fisheries Dept. > Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research > P.O. Box : 1638 > 22017 Salmiya - Kuwait > Fax : (965) 5711293 > Email: shazeem at safat.kisr.edu.kw -- Dr. Robert W. Buddemeier Senior Scientist, Geohydrology Kansas Geological Survey University of Kansas 1930 Constant Ave. Lawrence, KS 66047 ph (785) 864-2112 fax (785) 864-5317 buddrw at kgs.ukans.edu http://water.kgs.ukans.edu From jspurgeo at gibb.co.uk Thu Sep 21 15:25:25 2000 From: jspurgeo at gibb.co.uk (jspurgeo at gibb.co.uk) Date: Thu, 21 Sep 2000 19:25:25 GMT Subject: information on sustainable financing of coral reefs Message-ID: <200009211925.TAA01870@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> Dear Coral Listers I am currently undertaking a small research study part funded by the UK Dept for International Development on the use of a "Total Economic Value" approach to maximise opportunities for sustainable financing of coral reef conservation. The plan is to produce a paper and present a summary of the study in Bali (late Oct 2000). It will be a bit of a review, with a few case studies and give some great ideas (hopefully!) for people to tap into additional sources of funds. I have three requests: 1) I have collated a number of useful references on sustainable financing of coral reefs, but would appreciate being made aware of any good references/papers/reports etc you have come across/written - particularly recent, obscure or unpublished ones. 2) Any recent information or views on the role of corals in carbon sequestration would be extremely useful. 3) I will be sending out brief email questionnaire surveys to selected individuals involved in managing coral reefs and/or with responsibilities for securing finances for them. If anyone feels that they could usefully contribute and would like to receive a questionnaire, please let me know. (Alternatively, simply write to me with your views/ideas). Please feel free to contact me direct. (If wanted I'll post a summary of responses?) Many thanks for your help James Spurgeon Principal Environmental Economist/Scientist Gibb Ltd London Rd Reading England RG6 1BL Tel: 44 (0)118 9635000 Fax: 44 (0)118 9263888 Email: jspurgeo at gibb.co.uk ------------------------------------------------------------------- This e-mail does not give rise to any binding legal obligation upon GIBB Ltd or any affiliate unless such company subsequently confirms the contents in writing, non-electronically. This e-mail may be confidential, legally privileged or otherwise protected in law. Unauthorised disclosure or copying of any or all of it may be unlawful. If you receive this e-mail in error please contact the sender and delete the message. http://www.gibbltd.com ------------------------------------------------------------------- From r.berkelmans at aims.gov.au Thu Sep 21 18:36:11 2000 From: r.berkelmans at aims.gov.au (Ray Berkelmans) Date: Fri, 22 Sep 2000 08:36:11 +1000 Subject: End of summer coral bleaching. In-Reply-To: Message-ID: Data from the automatic weather station at Hardy Reef show that wind was low (13-15 km/hr, av daily) at the time of the high temperature period and surface light high (1300-2000uE/m2/s, av 10am-3pm). Over the next 18 days (until bleaching first became evident) temperatures cooled to 28.6?C, winds increased and light stayed about the same. So, there may have been extra light stress involved at the time of the high temperature event (although the water is normally fairly clear here). But it still points to a considerable lag time until bleaching became evident. Ray -----Original Message----- From: Bob Buddemeier [mailto:buddrw at kgs.ukans.edu] Sent: Friday, 22 September 2000 2:15 AM To: r.berkelmans at aims.gov.au Cc: shazeem at safat.kisr.edu.kw; 'Coral List' Subject: Re: End of summer coral bleaching. What were sea state (wind) and light conditions? Since the "high temperature" bleaching certainly involves light and probably reduced water motion as synergistic stressors, it's not surprising that there isn't a monotonic response to any single variable viewed in isolation. Bob Buddemeier Ray Berkelmans wrote: > > Hello Shaker! (and C-listers) > > They breed corals tough where you come from! But obviously still not tough > enough... > Your observations about increasing bleaching while temperatures cool are > very interesting. These sound remarkably like the observations we made at > Hardy Reef on the GBR (offshore) in early 1998. Temperatures peaked at > 29.9?C (av. daily) on 23-24 Feb, but bleaching was not observed until 13 > March (18 days later), well after temperatures had cooled. Bleaching was > only mild, suggesting that the bleaching threshold was only exceeded by a > relatively small amount (& probably for a short duration). Observations > about the state of the corals were made every day by a biologist (Jackie > Shields) aboard a tourist vessel. To me these observations suggest that > there may be a delay in the onset of bleaching (at least visible symptoms of > bleaching) following stress. Observations of bleaching and temperatures at > other sites indicate that this delay is considerably reduced (or absent) > when stress temperatures are exceeded by a large amount. These field > observations are consistent with the delayed bleaching response I reported > in Coral Reefs (18:219-228) following experimentally induced temperature > stress. Does any one else have similar observations? > > Ray Berkelmans > AIMS > PMB 3 > Townsville Q4810 > Ph 47534268 > > -----Original Message----- > From: owner-coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov > [mailto:owner-coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov] On Behalf Of Shaker Alhazeem > Sent: Wednesday, 20 September 2000 9:18 PM > To: Coral List > Subject: End of summer coral bleaching. > > Dear Coral-Listers, > > Kuwait is experiencing a major coral bleaching event now. Bleaching is > occurring in excess of about 80% in some areas. The phenomenon is > recent having started within the last week. This is the end of the hot > season so temperature had fluctuated last week, so temperature shock > most likely was the effect on corals. The water temperature was around > 32?C on the time of observing coral bleaching. > About three weeks ago I have visited Kubbar island coral reef in Kuwait > in August 12th 2000. I have found there was about 10% bleached coral > colonies and water temperature was 35?C. But this visit last weekend > the coral was bleached about 80% and water temperature around 32?C in > September 14th 2000. But Quro coral reef had showed about 40% coral > bleaching only, that could be for the reason it is less stressed coral > around in Quro, as it is farther away from the coast so less human > impact. Last week we had sudden drop in the temperature and it came back > up after that week, which could be the real cause of the coral bleaching > is temperature shock. > > With Best Wishes, > > Shaker Alhazeem > > Research Associate > Mariculture and Fisheries Dept. > Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research > P.O. Box : 1638 > 22017 Salmiya - Kuwait > Fax : (965) 5711293 > Email: shazeem at safat.kisr.edu.kw -- Dr. Robert W. Buddemeier Senior Scientist, Geohydrology Kansas Geological Survey University of Kansas 1930 Constant Ave. Lawrence, KS 66047 ph (785) 864-2112 fax (785) 864-5317 buddrw at kgs.ukans.edu http://water.kgs.ukans.edu From thynnus at yahoo.com Fri Sep 22 06:15:36 2000 From: thynnus at yahoo.com (T Shearer) Date: Fri, 22 Sep 2000 03:15:36 -0700 (PDT) Subject: Bonaire Coral Spawning Message-ID: <20000922101536.2202.qmail@web124.yahoomail.com> September 20, 2000 2210-2230 several Monastrea spp coral heads were observed releasing egg packets nearshore in 30-40 feet depth. There was an orange sheen that covered the surface after the event, probably from millions of planula. ===== TJ Shearer //// / POBOX 181344 <*}>>>>-< Corpus Christi, TX 78480-1344 \\ \ (H) 361-949-9089 (W) 361-994-9005 (Fax) 208-246-4655 __________________________________________________ Do You Yahoo!? Send instant messages & get email alerts with Yahoo! Messenger. http://im.yahoo.com/ From bkojis at vitelcom.net Fri Sep 22 09:51:56 2000 From: bkojis at vitelcom.net (Dr. Barbara Kojis) Date: Fri, 22 Sep 2000 10:51:56 -0300 Subject: Coral spawning on St. Thomas Message-ID: <006401c0249c$46669540$9633fea9@wildfish> Spawning of Montastrea annularis? (colonies were small and likely annularis but I couldn't say for certain) was observed on a wonderful night dive on Flat Cay reef south of St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands on Wednesday, September 20, 2000. The dive commenced at 19:45 hrs and spawning was first observed from a single colony of M. annularis? at approximately 20:00 hrs. Spawning was subsequently observed to occur in approximately 8 other colonies over the next 45 minutes. Our dive ended at 21:00. The Ruby Brittle Star (Ophioderma rubicundum) was also observed preparing to spawn (numerous indiviuals congregating on high points through the reef) and one individual was observed releasing gametes. The Banded-arm Brittle Star (O. appressum) was also present on high points on the reef. However, numbers were much lower and this species did not congregate. No actual spawning was observed though the behavior suggested that this species was preparing to do so. Red spawning products were visible in the water column in Botany Bay on the north side of St. Thomas the next morning indicating that spawning had likely occurred throughout the Virgin Islands. The date of spawning coincides with that observed on Bonaire. We did not dive the night before or after so do not know if spawning occurred on these nights as well. Barbara Kojis -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/pipermail/coral-list-old/attachments/20000922/ec6b53a5/attachment.html From Roger.B.Griffis at hdq.noaa.gov Fri Sep 22 11:59:17 2000 From: Roger.B.Griffis at hdq.noaa.gov (Roger B Griffis) Date: Fri, 22 Sep 2000 10:59:17 -0500 Subject: Call for nominations: MPA Advisory Committee References: <39A80D11.100C14A2@hdq.noaa.gov> Message-ID: <39CB81D5.1F75E0B2@hdq.noaa.gov> > [Please distribute - deadline is October 2, 2000] > > RE: Call for nominations for a U.S. Advisory Committee on marine > protected areas. > > On May 26, 2000, President Clinton signed Executive Order #13158 on > marine protected areas (MPAs). The Order directs the Secretary of > Commerce to form a formal Advisory Committee composed of non-federal > individuals to > "seek the expert advice and recommendations on non-Federal scientists, > resource > managers, and other interested persons and organizations" to fulfill the > Executive Order. > The Advisory Committee is to provide input to the Secretary of Commerce > and the > Secretary of the Interior on implementing portions of the Executive > Order, specifically on strategies and priorities for developing a > national system of MPAs. > > The deadline for nominations is October 2, 2000. For more information on > nominations, the MPA Advisory Committee and the MPA Executive Order are > available via the web site http://www.mpa.gov/. A Federal Register notice > calling for nominations for the Marine Protected Area Advisory Committee > was posted August 18, 2000 (Fed Reg Vol 65, No. 161, pg 50503, > I.D.081500CM). > > Please distribute this information as broadly as possible. For further > information please contact me or Anne Marie Goldsmith (phone: > 202-482-2160; email: anne.marie.goldsmith at noaa.gov). Thank you. > > Roger Griffis > National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration > U.S. Department of Commerce > P: 202-482-5034 > email: roger.b.griffis at noaa.gov -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/pipermail/coral-list-old/attachments/20000922/3fbd5a10/attachment.html -------------- next part -------------- A non-text attachment was scrubbed... Name: Roger.B.Griffis.vcf Type: text/x-vcard Size: 424 bytes Desc: Card for Roger B Griffis Url : http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/pipermail/coral-list-old/attachments/20000922/3fbd5a10/attachment.vcf From sjameson at coralseas.com Fri Sep 22 12:36:45 2000 From: sjameson at coralseas.com (Stephen C Jameson) Date: Fri, 22 Sep 00 12:36:45 -0400 Subject: information on sustainable financing of coral reefs Message-ID: <200009221536.LAA13527@radagast.wizard.net> Dear James and other interested coral listers, Regarding: >Dear Coral Listers > >I am currently undertaking a small research study part funded by the UK Dept >for International Development on the use of a "Total Economic Value" >approach to maximise opportunities for sustainable financing of coral reef >conservation. The plan is to produce a paper and present a summary of the >study in Bali (late Oct 2000). It will be a bit of a review, with a few >case studies and give some great ideas (hopefully!) for people to tap into >additional sources of funds. > >I have three requests: > >1) I have collated a number of useful references on sustainable financing of >coral reefs, but would appreciate being made aware of any good >references/papers/reports etc you have come across/written - particularly >recent, obscure or unpublished ones. See: Integrated Coastal Zone Management of Coral Reefs: Decision Support Modeling Kent Gustavson, Richard M. Huber, and Jack Ruitenbeek, editors Subject category: Environment & Pollution Prevention 2000. 312 pages. 8 3/8 x 103/4. Stock no. 14628 (ISBN 0-8213-4628-8) Price Code S35/$35.00 E-mail orders: books at worldbank.org Internet: www.worldbank.org/publication Review or Desk Copies: 202 473-1153 > >2) Any recent information or views on the role of corals in carbon >sequestration would be extremely useful. > >3) I will be sending out brief email questionnaire surveys to selected >individuals involved in managing coral reefs and/or with responsibilities >for securing finances for them. If anyone feels that they could usefully >contribute and would like to receive a questionnaire, please let me know. >(Alternatively, simply write to me with your views/ideas). > >Please feel free to contact me direct. >(If wanted I'll post a summary of responses?) > >Many thanks for your help >James Spurgeon > >Principal Environmental Economist/Scientist >Gibb Ltd >London Rd >Reading >England >RG6 1BL > >Tel: 44 (0)118 9635000 >Fax: 44 (0)118 9263888 >Email: jspurgeo at gibb.co.uk > > > >------------------------------------------------------------------- >This e-mail does not give rise to any binding legal obligation upon >GIBB Ltd or any affiliate unless such company subsequently confirms >the contents in writing, non-electronically. This e-mail may >be confidential, legally privileged or otherwise protected in law. >Unauthorised disclosure or copying of any or all of it may be >unlawful. If you receive this e-mail in error please contact the >sender and delete the message. http://www.gibbltd.com >------------------------------------------------------------------- > Best regards, Dr. Stephen C. Jameson, President Coral Seas Inc. - Integrated Coastal Zone Management 4254 Hungry Run Road, The Plains, VA 20198-1715 USA Office: 703-754-8690, Fax: 703-754-9139 Email: sjameson at coralseas.com Web Site: www.coralseas.com From jch at aoml.noaa.gov Fri Sep 22 12:47:12 2000 From: jch at aoml.noaa.gov (coral-list admin) Date: Fri, 22 Sep 2000 16:47:12 GMT Subject: ~~ DIGESTS WORKING! ~~ Message-ID: <200009221647.QAA05336@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> With a big THANKS to Dan Liston of majordomo fame, the digests are finally working. If you'd like to receive all of the messages sent to coral-list during a day as one big concatenated message instead, you may subscribe to coral-list-daily by sending the following message to majordomo at coral.aoml.noaa.gov: subscribe coral-list-daily You will receive the single daily message after midnight (Eastern time US) of the day following the original messages' postings. If that one-a-day variety still stresses you out, perhaps you'd like to receive all week's coral-list messages in one big message. To do this, send the following text in the body of a message to majordomo at coral.aoml.noaa.gov: subscribe coral-list-digest and you will receive the single weekly message in the wee hours of Friday morning, Eastern time US. Of course, you may want to unsubcribe from the main coral-list, and thus you could send the following text in the body of a separate, or the same, message to majordomo at coral.aoml.noaa.gov: unsubscribe coral-list Please note that there may be some problems at first, as this service is just being re-implemented, so you may want to unsubcribe from the regular coral-list after you see things are working okay. Your patience is appreciated. I hope you have a nice weekend! Cheers, Jim From hendee at aoml.noaa.gov Fri Sep 22 14:33:10 2000 From: hendee at aoml.noaa.gov (Jim Hendee) Date: Fri, 22 Sep 2000 14:33:10 -0400 (EDT) Subject: VIRUS ALERT Message-ID: We have been contacted with a warning that the kak.worm virus may be in the process of circulation via coral-list. Apparently the virus exploits a vulnerabiity in MicroSoft's Internet Explorer web browser. For more information, see, http://www.microsoft.com/technet/security/virus/kakworm.asp From seecatz at yahoo.com Fri Sep 22 21:13:15 2000 From: seecatz at yahoo.com (Amanda Bourque) Date: Fri, 22 Sep 2000 18:13:15 -0700 (PDT) Subject: coral spawning - Puerto Rico Message-ID: <20000923011315.18792.qmail@web1306.mail.yahoo.com> We observed spawning of Montastrea franksi in both the lab and on nearshore reefs in La Parguera, Puerto Rico on September 20 and 21, most heavily on the 21st. Colonies released bundles during the period of 1915 to 2230 hours. --Amanda Bourque (NMFS/RSMAS) & Traci Prude (UNCW/RSMAS) __________________________________________________ Do You Yahoo!? Send instant messages & get email alerts with Yahoo! Messenger. http://im.yahoo.com/ From yfadlal at kfupm.edu.sa Sat Sep 23 10:09:54 2000 From: yfadlal at kfupm.edu.sa (Yusef H. Fadlalla) Date: Sat, 23 Sep 2000 17:09:54 +0300 Subject: End of summer coral bleaching. References: <39CA33FF.9DE6CBEF@kgs.ukans.edu> Message-ID: <39CCB9B2.B56E9AC4@kfupm.edu.sa> Bleaching threshold(s) in the Gulf apparently are a function of dose-duration. It was extremely hot this past summer, and for a long time. Extreme temperatures are experienced by the Gulf's "tough" corals almost every year, yet bleaching occurs only when exposure duration lasts beyond a certain threshold. The 1996 and 1998 episodes suggest such a mechanism, with a delayed response. Therefore, I am not convinced that we can attribute bleaching to rapid temperature fluxes, because here indeed is where Gulf corals are exceptionally tough. Almost every year, between November and December, seawater temperature drops 10-12 ?C in less than two weeks, with corals showing no ill effects. Yusef Fadlalla Dhahran, Saudi Arabia Bob Buddemeier wrote: > What were sea state (wind) and light conditions? Since the "high > temperature" bleaching certainly involves light and probably reduced > water motion as synergistic stressors, it's not surprising that there > isn't a monotonic response to any single variable viewed in isolation. > > Bob Buddemeier > > Ray Berkelmans wrote: > > > > Hello Shaker! (and C-listers) > > > > They breed corals tough where you come from! But obviously still not tough > > enough... > > Your observations about increasing bleaching while temperatures cool are > > very interesting. These sound remarkably like the observations we made at > > Hardy Reef on the GBR (offshore) in early 1998. Temperatures peaked at > > 29.9?C (av. daily) on 23-24 Feb, but bleaching was not observed until 13 > > March (18 days later), well after temperatures had cooled. Bleaching was > > only mild, suggesting that the bleaching threshold was only exceeded by a > > relatively small amount (& probably for a short duration). Observations > > about the state of the corals were made every day by a biologist (Jackie > > Shields) aboard a tourist vessel. To me these observations suggest that > > there may be a delay in the onset of bleaching (at least visible symptoms of > > bleaching) following stress. Observations of bleaching and temperatures at > > other sites indicate that this delay is considerably reduced (or absent) > > when stress temperatures are exceeded by a large amount. These field > > observations are consistent with the delayed bleaching response I reported > > in Coral Reefs (18:219-228) following experimentally induced temperature > > stress. Does any one else have similar observations? > > > > Ray Berkelmans > > AIMS > > PMB 3 > > Townsville Q4810 > > Ph 47534268 > > > > -----Original Message----- > > From: owner-coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov > > [mailto:owner-coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov] On Behalf Of Shaker Alhazeem > > Sent: Wednesday, 20 September 2000 9:18 PM > > To: Coral List > > Subject: End of summer coral bleaching. > > > > Dear Coral-Listers, > > > > Kuwait is experiencing a major coral bleaching event now. Bleaching is > > occurring in excess of about 80% in some areas. The phenomenon is > > recent having started within the last week. This is the end of the hot > > season so temperature had fluctuated last week, so temperature shock > > most likely was the effect on corals. The water temperature was around > > 32?C on the time of observing coral bleaching. > > About three weeks ago I have visited Kubbar island coral reef in Kuwait > > in August 12th 2000. I have found there was about 10% bleached coral > > colonies and water temperature was 35?C. But this visit last weekend > > the coral was bleached about 80% and water temperature around 32?C in > > September 14th 2000. But Quro coral reef had showed about 40% coral > > bleaching only, that could be for the reason it is less stressed coral > > around in Quro, as it is farther away from the coast so less human > > impact. Last week we had sudden drop in the temperature and it came back > > up after that week, which could be the real cause of the coral bleaching > > is temperature shock. > > > > With Best Wishes, > > > > Shaker Alhazeem > > > > Research Associate > > Mariculture and Fisheries Dept. > > Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research > > P.O. Box : 1638 > > 22017 Salmiya - Kuwait > > Fax : (965) 5711293 > > Email: shazeem at safat.kisr.edu.kw > > -- > > Dr. Robert W. Buddemeier > Senior Scientist, Geohydrology > Kansas Geological Survey > University of Kansas > 1930 Constant Ave. > Lawrence, KS 66047 > > ph (785) 864-2112 > fax (785) 864-5317 > buddrw at kgs.ukans.edu > http://water.kgs.ukans.edu From dliston at netscape.com Sat Sep 23 02:05:54 2000 From: dliston at netscape.com (Dan Liston) Date: Sat, 23 Sep 2000 01:05:54 -0500 Subject: Billing for Majordomo Consulting Message-ID: <39CC4842.1B31DF89@netscape.com> I have about 8 hours of time logged to this project. (not counting all the emails we have written to each other). How does $100 sound, and I stay on retainer for two more weeks to make sure everything stays running successfully through 2 weekly digests? Also, I have a archive2.pl.diff file in my home directory that should be applied to your /usr/local/majordomo/archive2.pl file. I do not have write permissions in the majordomo directory, so you will have to apply the change. If you do not understand the file, let me know. Dan From p.marshall at gbrmpa.gov.au Mon Sep 25 03:42:10 2000 From: p.marshall at gbrmpa.gov.au (Paul Marshall) Date: Mon, 25 Sep 2000 17:42:10 +1000 Subject: delayed bleaching References: Message-ID: <39CF01D2.DD8E6EDC@gbrmpa.gov.au> Ray's recent message included a reference to delays in the onset of bleaching. My colleague Andrew Baird and I also made some interesting observations on this phenomenon. We found that differences between species in the time to respond to stress were a prominent feature of the 1998 bleaching event on the Great Barrier Reef. On the first trip to our study site at Orpheus Island, six weeks after the first reports of bleaching, we recorded that all colonies of Acropora hyacinthus and A. millepora had bleached and many had already died. In contrast, 40 % of Platygyra daedalea and 80 % of Porites lobata appeared unaffected and none had died. On the occasion of our 2nd census, 4 weeks later, all the P. daedalea colonies were affected as were 80 % of P. lobata, forcing us to revise our initial impression that these species had been largely unaffected. By the time of our 3rd census, 4 weeks later (i.e. 14 weeks after initial reports of bleaching) most of the surviving acroporid colonies had recovered (or died) while the condition of many of P. daedalea and P. lobata continued to deteriorate. In general, the massive species took longer to respond, stayed bleached for longer and took longer to die. However, the rates of whole colony mortality were significantly lower. Clearly the biology of a species plays an important role not only in determining the susceptibility to bleaching, but also in the time to respond to stress. This has implications for the way in which bleaching is assessed in the field. In particular, the rankings of species susceptibility and estimates of the extent of bleaching within assemblages will vary depending upon the time since the stress occurred that a census is conducted. We would be interested in hearing from others who might have documented this staged response in coral assemblages affected by bleaching. Regards Paul Marshall -- Research & Monitoring Co-ordination Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority Townsville QLD Australia email: p.marshall at gbrmpa.gov.au Ray Berkelmans wrote: > Hello Shaker! (and C-listers) > > They breed corals tough where you come from! But obviously still not tough > enough... > Your observations about increasing bleaching while temperatures cool are > very interesting. These sound remarkably like the observations we made at > Hardy Reef on the GBR (offshore) in early 1998. Temperatures peaked at > 29.9?C (av. daily) on 23-24 Feb, but bleaching was not observed until 13 > March (18 days later), well after temperatures had cooled. Bleaching was > only mild, suggesting that the bleaching threshold was only exceeded by a > relatively small amount (& probably for a short duration). Observations > about the state of the corals were made every day by a biologist (Jackie > Shields) aboard a tourist vessel. To me these observations suggest that > there may be a delay in the onset of bleaching (at least visible symptoms of > bleaching) following stress. Observations of bleaching and temperatures at > other sites indicate that this delay is considerably reduced (or absent) > when stress temperatures are exceeded by a large amount. These field > observations are consistent with the delayed bleaching response I reported > in Coral Reefs (18:219-228) following experimentally induced temperature > stress. Does any one else have similar observations? > > Ray Berkelmans > AIMS > PMB 3 > Townsville Q4810 > Ph 47534268 > > -----Original Message----- > From: owner-coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov > [mailto:owner-coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov] On Behalf Of Shaker Alhazeem > Sent: Wednesday, 20 September 2000 9:18 PM > To: Coral List > Subject: End of summer coral bleaching. > > Dear Coral-Listers, > > Kuwait is experiencing a major coral bleaching event now. Bleaching is > occurring in excess of about 80% in some areas. The phenomenon is > recent having started within the last week. This is the end of the hot > season so temperature had fluctuated last week, so temperature shock > most likely was the effect on corals. The water temperature was around > 32?C on the time of observing coral bleaching. > About three weeks ago I have visited Kubbar island coral reef in Kuwait > in August 12th 2000. I have found there was about 10% bleached coral > colonies and water temperature was 35?C. But this visit last weekend > the coral was bleached about 80% and water temperature around 32?C in > September 14th 2000. But Quro coral reef had showed about 40% coral > bleaching only, that could be for the reason it is less stressed coral > around in Quro, as it is farther away from the coast so less human > impact. Last week we had sudden drop in the temperature and it came back > up after that week, which could be the real cause of the coral bleaching > is temperature shock. > > With Best Wishes, > > Shaker Alhazeem > > Research Associate > Mariculture and Fisheries Dept. > Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research > P.O. Box : 1638 > 22017 Salmiya - Kuwait > Fax : (965) 5711293 > Email: shazeem at safat.kisr.edu.kw From cbrads at liverpool.ac.uk Mon Sep 25 05:05:31 2000 From: cbrads at liverpool.ac.uk (Clare Bradshaw) Date: Mon, 25 Sep 2000 10:05:31 +0100 Subject: responses of mixed coral assemblages to bleaching References: <39CF01D2.DD8E6EDC@gbrmpa.gov.au> Message-ID: <39CF155B.7E4C247D@liv.ac.uk> Dear Paul and Coral-List, On our two trips (1998, 1999) to the southern Seychelles that I mentioned in a previous posting, we also saw clear differences in the timing and long-term impact of bleaching on different coral types: 1. In March/April 1998, the vast majority of branching corals (mainly Pocillopora and Acropora) and Heliopora/Millepora were already bleached or dead. In April 1999, they were almost all dead. 2. In 1998, all the soft corals (Lobophytum, Sarcophyton, Sinularia) we saw were either bleached, or dead and disintegrating. In around 100 hours underwater in 1999 we saw less than 10 colonies (at three different islands). 3. In 1998, a lower % (but still in the order of 50%) of massive corals bleached, but in 1999 it seemed that many of these hade survived. So, like Paul Marshall's observations, these types took longer to respond and were less impacted in the long run. 4. Encrusting corals showed the lowest incidence of bleaching in 1998, and the lowest mortality in 1999. Some 1998 data is presented in our recent paper - Spencer T et al (2000) Marine Pollution Bulletin 40(7):569-586 You can also come and hear more details in Bali! Clare Bradshaw (and Kristian Teleki, Mark Spalding, Tom Spencer) -- Dr Clare Bradshaw Port Erin Marine Laboratory University of Liverpool Isle of Man IM9 6JA British Isles tel: +44 1624 831017 fax: +44 1624 831001 From kays at coastalmanagement.com Mon Sep 25 08:33:51 2000 From: kays at coastalmanagement.com (Caro & Robert Kay) Date: Mon, 25 Sep 2000 20:33:51 +0800 Subject: Interent/GPS Devices in Reef Management Message-ID: Dear Coral List members Does anyone know of any pilot studies of the use of Interent and GPS enabled mobile devices (like cell phones and Personal Digital Assistants) being used in coral reef management in general - and community-based reef management in particular? I'm interested in exploring the role of such technology in community-based monitoring programs, and how such programs could be used to assist in sustainable coastal management for an upcoming article in icoast. Looking forward to your help. Rob -- ___________________________________________________________________ Caro & Robert Kay - www.coastalmanagement.com ___________________________________________________________________ The information transmitted in this email is intended only for the person(s) or entity to which it is addressed and may contain proprietary, confidential and/or privileged material. If you have received this email in error, please contact us by replying and delete this email so that it is not recoverable. If you are not the intended recipient(s), any retention, review, disclosure, distribution, copying, printing, dissemination, or other use of, or the taking of any action in reliance upon this information is strictly prohibited and without liability on our part. ___________________________________________________________________ From Ed.Green at unep-wcmc.org Mon Sep 25 08:30:01 2000 From: Ed.Green at unep-wcmc.org (Ed Green) Date: Mon, 25 Sep 2000 12:30:01 GMT Subject: A surprising proponent of coral conservation? Message-ID: <200009251230.MAA12965@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> Carl Fogarty, four times World Superbike champion and the leading British motorcycle racer of his (and my) generation, yesterday announced his retirement through injury. Interestingly he explained his decision by comparing his damaged shoulder to a coral: "The arm cannot take the constant pounding. It's like a piece of coral that has broken off - it takes years and years to grow back again". While I have long admired Carl's ability to operate a motorcycle at 180+ mph I would never have expected an interest in corals. I hope it shows that an appreciation of marine conservation is reaching unlikely audiences! Cheers, Ed. Full report below for anyone who is interested: >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>. Broken arm forces 'King Carl' to quit By Roddy Brooks 22 September 2000 It had been rumoured, but yesterday it was confirmed: Carl Fogarty, who won the World Superbike title four times and a special place in the hearts of thousands of motorcycling fans, is to retire after finally succumbing to the arm injury he suffered at the start of the season. "King Carl", famous for his piercing stare and his withering criticism of rivals, broke his left arm in three places in the second round of this =season's world championship at Phillip Island, Australia, in April. He had an operation to pin the arm but has struggled to regain strength and movement in the limb. At a special testing session set up by his team, Ducati, at Mugello, Italy, this week, the 35-year-old Blackburn rider realised he was fighting a losing battle. "I could not find the words to describe how bad it was when I came in after a few laps at Mugello," Fogarty said. "I had been playing a bit of tennis and a bit of jet-skiing and felt I wasn't a million miles away. But on the bike it was horrendous. I was one per cent of the guy I was seven months ago. I was stuck on this thing in absolute agony. "It confirmed everything that my specialist had said. The arm cannot take the constant pounding. It's like a piece of coral that has broken off - it takes years and years to grow back again. "All good things come to an end," Fogarty said. "It's a bad way but it could have been a hell of a lot worse. I have had a fantastic career but it has not been the fantastic ending that I always thought I would have.=20 "I wanted to go out with everyone knowing that it was the last time I would race. I've risked my life for 20 years and the most important thing is to have my health. The decision has been made for me." Fogarty took his first world title in 1994 and followed that up the following year. Then, after an ill-fated year with Honda and a return to Ducati in 1997, he again secured back-to-back titles in 1998 and 1999. Among the other highlights in Fogarty's career are the Formula One titles he won in 1988 and 1989, the FIM World Cup in 1990 and the World Endurance title in 1992. He also won three Isle of Man TT titles, one in 1989 and two in 1990. As he mulled over his decision, Fogarty, who will continue to work for Ducati in a promotional capacity, admitted being influenced by the death in July of Joey Dunlop, the winner of 26 TT races. "It brings it home to you, although what Joey did was so much different to what I do," he said. From mwarner at dogwood.botany.uga.edu Mon Sep 25 13:07:50 2000 From: mwarner at dogwood.botany.uga.edu (Mark Warner) Date: Mon, 25 Sep 2000 10:07:50 -0700 Subject: delayed bleaching Message-ID: <200009251402.KAA11016@dogwood.botany.uga.edu> Paul, Can you give us any sort of data for sea water temperatures over the course of your observations at these particular sites? Had things cooled down by the time P. lobata appeared visibly pale or was there any sort of prolonged exposure involved? -- Mark E. Warner Postdoctoral Associate Department of Botany University of Georgia Athens, GA 30602 phone: (706) 542-0279 fax: (706) 542-1805 ---------- >From: Paul Marshall >To: coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov >Cc: r.berkelmans at aims.gov.au >Subject: delayed bleaching >Date: Mon, Sep 25, 2000, 12:42 AM > > Ray's recent message included a reference to delays in the onset of bleaching. > My colleague Andrew Baird and I also made some interesting observations on this > phenomenon. > > We found that differences between species in the time to respond to stress were > a prominent feature of the 1998 bleaching event on the Great Barrier Reef. On > the first trip to our study site at Orpheus Island, six weeks after the first > reports of bleaching, we recorded that all colonies of Acropora hyacinthus and > A. millepora had bleached and many had already died. In contrast, 40 % of > Platygyra daedalea and 80 % of Porites lobata appeared unaffected and none had > died. On the occasion of our 2nd census, 4 weeks later, all the P. daedalea > colonies were affected as were 80 % of P. lobata, forcing us to revise our > initial impression that these species had been largely unaffected. > > By the time of our 3rd census, 4 weeks later (i.e. 14 weeks after initial > reports of bleaching) most of the surviving acroporid colonies had recovered (or > died) while the condition of many of P. daedalea and P. lobata continued to > deteriorate. In general, the massive species took longer to respond, stayed > bleached for longer and took longer to die. However, the rates of whole colony > mortality were significantly lower. > > Clearly the biology of a species plays an important role not only in determining > the susceptibility to bleaching, but also in the time to respond to stress. This > has implications for the way in which bleaching is assessed in the field. In > particular, the rankings of species susceptibility and estimates of the extent > of bleaching within assemblages will vary depending upon the time since the > stress occurred that a census is conducted. We would be interested in hearing > from others who might have documented this staged response in coral assemblages > affected by bleaching. > > Regards > Paul Marshall > -- > Research & Monitoring Co-ordination > Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority > Townsville QLD > Australia > > email: p.marshall at gbrmpa.gov.au > > > Ray Berkelmans wrote: > >> Hello Shaker! (and C-listers) >> >> They breed corals tough where you come from! But obviously still not tough >> enough... >> Your observations about increasing bleaching while temperatures cool are >> very interesting. These sound remarkably like the observations we made at >> Hardy Reef on the GBR (offshore) in early 1998. Temperatures peaked at >> 29.9?C (av. daily) on 23-24 Feb, but bleaching was not observed until 13 >> March (18 days later), well after temperatures had cooled. Bleaching was >> only mild, suggesting that the bleaching threshold was only exceeded by a >> relatively small amount (& probably for a short duration). Observations >> about the state of the corals were made every day by a biologist (Jackie >> Shields) aboard a tourist vessel. To me these observations suggest that >> there may be a delay in the onset of bleaching (at least visible symptoms of >> bleaching) following stress. Observations of bleaching and temperatures at >> other sites indicate that this delay is considerably reduced (or absent) >> when stress temperatures are exceeded by a large amount. These field >> observations are consistent with the delayed bleaching response I reported >> in Coral Reefs (18:219-228) following experimentally induced temperature >> stress. Does any one else have similar observations? >> >> Ray Berkelmans >> AIMS >> PMB 3 >> Townsville Q4810 >> Ph 47534268 >> >> -----Original Message----- >> From: owner-coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov >> [mailto:owner-coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov] On Behalf Of Shaker Alhazeem >> Sent: Wednesday, 20 September 2000 9:18 PM >> To: Coral List >> Subject: End of summer coral bleaching. >> >> Dear Coral-Listers, >> >> Kuwait is experiencing a major coral bleaching event now. Bleaching is >> occurring in excess of about 80% in some areas. The phenomenon is >> recent having started within the last week. This is the end of the hot >> season so temperature had fluctuated last week, so temperature shock >> most likely was the effect on corals. The water temperature was around >> 32?C on the time of observing coral bleaching. >> About three weeks ago I have visited Kubbar island coral reef in Kuwait >> in August 12th 2000. I have found there was about 10% bleached coral >> colonies and water temperature was 35?C. But this visit last weekend >> the coral was bleached about 80% and water temperature around 32?C in >> September 14th 2000. But Quro coral reef had showed about 40% coral >> bleaching only, that could be for the reason it is less stressed coral >> around in Quro, as it is farther away from the coast so less human >> impact. Last week we had sudden drop in the temperature and it came back >> up after that week, which could be the real cause of the coral bleaching >> is temperature shock. >> >> With Best Wishes, >> >> Shaker Alhazeem >> >> Research Associate >> Mariculture and Fisheries Dept. >> Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research >> P.O. Box : 1638 >> 22017 Salmiya - Kuwait >> Fax : (965) 5711293 >> Email: shazeem at safat.kisr.edu.kw > > > > > From delbeek at hawaii.edu Mon Sep 25 12:43:37 2000 From: delbeek at hawaii.edu (J. Charles Delbeek) Date: Mon, 25 Sep 2000 06:43:37 -1000 Subject: responses of mixed coral assemblages to bleaching In-Reply-To: <39CF155B.7E4C247D@liv.ac.uk> Message-ID: On Sun, 24 Sep 2000, Clare Bradshaw wrote: In dives in Palau several months after the coral bleaching event of 1998, it was obvious that Porites, Montipora and interestingly Millipora showed very few signs of bleaching or death. Most branching species were bleached and dead (Acropora, Pocilliopora, Seriatopora etc.). Tridacna clams appeared unaffected. In the bleaching that took place in Fiji this past spring, a similar pattern emerged, also host anemones (Heteractis, Stichodactyla spp.) bleached rapidly. Aloha J. Charles Delbeek Aquarium Biologist Waikiki Aquarium From blanchon at mar.icmyl.unam.mx Mon Sep 25 14:31:28 2000 From: blanchon at mar.icmyl.unam.mx (Paul Blanchon) Date: Mon, 25 Sep 2000 13:31:28 -0500 Subject: Bali Workshop Announcement Message-ID: Invitation to attend and participate in: A Virtual Reef-Core Workshop 9th International Coral Reef Symposium, Bali, Indonesia 23-27 Oct 2000 Evening of Tues 24th. Room TBA Convenor: Paul Blanchon, UNAM. Introduction Over the last decade the use of coral-reef sequences to study climate variability during the Quaternary has increased significantly. In some classic areas, like Barbados and the Huon Peninsula, rapid neotectonic uplift has elevated reef sequences and allowed important discoveries to be made about the link between the Earth's orbital parameters and the timing of climate oscillations. But the very process that makes these records accessible--uplift--also creates uncertainty in determining the rate and magnitude of such changes, especially in the case of sea level. As a consequence, many investigators interested in climate change have now started to examine reef sequences in more stable areas that are below sea-level. Problems The recovery of these submerged records commonly requires a major drilling operation because alternations of coral, rubble and sand can make downhole conditions difficult for portable rigs which can only handle short, small-diameter cores. The problem with large rigs, however, is that they restrict operations to accessible areas on the reef crest, which makes it difficult to recover of a complete record when a reef has undergone retro- or progradation during its development. Once a complete record is recovered, however, the next problem is obtaining an accurate description and interpretation of the complex textures and fabrics found in reef facies. This complexity can be severe. Even in outcrop, coral reef sequences are an intricate mosaic of corals and sediment that have been encrusted and bioeroded: they commonly bear little resemblance to the surface zonations we find covering modern reefs. In core, such complexities are magnified ten-fold and even distinguishing in-place coral from biodetritus can be impossible in some cases. Workshop Objectives This Virtual Reef-Core Workshop is a forum in which to discuss not only new and improved drilling methods but also how to improve the scientific description and analysis of reef deposits from core data. Participants will be asked to bring high-resolution, full size images of reef cores that have been assembled so as to represent a 'virtual' core. (A good way to do this is to scan sliced pieces of core into an illustration program and print on a photo-quality printer. Each core section can then be taped together and fan-folded). By collectively examining these virtual reef cores, we hope to: 1) familiarize ourselves with the often complex fabrics and textures of reef facies and see how they compare/contrast with the modern surface assemblages: 2) incite some constructive discussion on how to schematically represent the biosedimentology of the cores in an efficient and objective way: 3) establish some possible ways of identifying (and even quantifying) in-place framework from biodetrital deposits. At regular intervals during the workshop, we will try to arrange brief presentations on specific drilling methodologies, hopefully including advances in technology and techniques. Contributions to date Dennis Hubbard (Oberlin College). Virtual Core from St. Croix and/or Puerto Rico Dennis Hubbard. Video/slide show on the SCARID underwater drilling system Paul Blanchon (National Autonomous U. Mexico). Short cores from the crest of an early Holocene relict reef discovered recently off the east coast of Grand Cayman. Paul Blanchon. Informal poster on classification of reef deposits. Zelinda Le?o (U. Federal da Bahia). Core from a reef flat in the Abrolhos Region, Eastern Brazil (southernmost coral reefs in Western Atlantic). Core is ~13 meters long and reaches Pleistocene basement. This reef is surrounded by siliciclastic sediments and its major reef-building corals are endemic forms from Brazil. Keiichi Sasaki (Kanazawa U.). Cores from Kikai Island Reefs, Ryukyus. Ian Macintyre (Smithsonian). Cores that show development of pavement limestone. It forms when there is a hiatus in reef accretion and is due to multicyclic boring and inflilling which tend to destroy all evidence of the original skeletal framework. David Blakeway (U. Western Australia). Core from Ningaloo Reef. David Kennedy (U. Wollongong). Virtual cores from Middleton Reef, Elizabeth Reef and fringing reefs in the Torres Strait. Further contributions are welcome: for details email me at blanchon at icmyl.unam.mx -- Saludos Paul. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Dr. Paul Blanchon | Investigador Coral-Reef Systems Lab. Unidad Academica Pto. Morelos Inst. de Ciencias del Mar y Limnologia (ICML) Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM) Ap. Postal 1152, CP 77500 Canc?n, Q. Roo, MEXICO Tel. (987) 10219, Fax: (987) 10138 Work E-mail: blanchon at icmyl.unam.mx Home E-mail: blanchon_s at hotmail.com Web: www.icmyl.unam.mx/reefpage/research.html ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ National Autonomous University of Mexico, 1553-2000 -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/pipermail/coral-list-old/attachments/20000925/08abab10/attachment.html From Ed.Green at unep-wcmc.org Tue Sep 26 03:57:24 2000 From: Ed.Green at unep-wcmc.org (Ed Green) Date: Tue, 26 Sep 2000 08:57:24 +0100 Subject: JOB ADVERTISEMENT - ICRAN DIRECTOR Message-ID: ********* PLEASE REPLY ONLY TO THE ADDRESS GIVEN BELOW ********* ICRAN Director The International Coral Reef Action Network (ICRAN) is an integrated and collaborative programme to halt and reverse the decline in health of the world's coral reefs. Through assessment, awareness-raising, training and demonstration projects in the Regional Seas, ICRAN will catalyse action worldwide. ICRAN is one of the three networks operational networks of ICRI and is an initiative of seven global organisations active in coral reef conservation and sustainable use (ICLARM, UNEP-DEIA&EW, WRI, UNEP-WCMC, GCRMN, ICRI-Secretariat, CORAL), supported by the United Nations Foundation. The ICRAN Co-ordinating Unit will be located at UNEP-WCMC, Cambridge, UK. As host organisation UNEP-WCMC will provide the ICRAN Co-ordinating Unit with technical and institutional support. Staff of the ICRAN Co-ordinating Unit will be recruited under terms and conditions developed for UNEP-WCMC staff, but will not be UNEP-WCMC employees. The ICRAN Director will report directly to the Chair of the ICRAN Management Board and the Chair of the ICRAN Steering Committee. Initially the Director of UNEP-DEIA&EW will hold both these chairs. Candidates are invited to submit a letter of application accompanied by their Curriculum Vitae to: Denise Rowllings Head of Personnel UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre 219 Huntingdon Road Cambridge CB3 0DL United Kingdom E mail: Denise.Rowllings at unep-wcmc.org Tel: (44) 1223 277314 Fax: (44) 1223 277136 Short-listed candidates will be notified during the week beginning 30th November 2000. Interviews will be held as soon as possible afterwards. Candidates are requested to indicate availability during November and December for interview in Cambridge Attachments: 1. ICRAN description 2. ICRAN project director ToR Please contact Denise Rowllings for a detailed explanation of the benefits package or for copies of the attachments. >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> ICRAN DESCRIPTION ICRAN - a programme for the world's coral reefs The International Coral Reef Action Network (ICRAN) is an integrated and collaborative programme to halt and reverse the decline in health of the world's coral reefs. Through assessment, awareness-raising, training and demonstration projects in the Regional Seas, ICRAN will catalyse action worldwide. ICRAN is one of the three ICRI operational networks and is an initiative of seven global organisations active in coral reef conservation and sustainable use , supported by the United Nations Foundation. The ICRAN programme partners will conduct a set of inter-linked, highly complementary activities to enable the proliferation of good practices for coral reef management and conservation. Strategic on-the-ground action will be implemented through the UNEP Regional Seas Programmes and will be combined with assessment and information to enhance effective management of people's actions and their impacts upon coral reefs. ICRAN is a catalytic effort that, up until now, has never been attempted on a global scale. It represents a unique collaboration with some of the most important international organisations in coral reef science and conservation. This co-ordination among key partners, who are already working towards reversing the decline of coral reefs around the world, is an attempt to combine efforts to achieve the urgent, common goal identified in the International Coral Reef Initiative "Renewed Call to Action". The United Nations Foundation (UNF) is providing the means to carry out this crucial work. However, ICRAN is not simply a continuation of works in progress; the purpose of the Network is to accelerate and more effectively integrate key information with good management practices and increased awareness of coral reef resources. ICRAN outcomes will be spread across in three critically important areas of activity: 1. Management Action ? A global network of demonstration sites for Integrated Coastal Management (ICM) and Marine Protected Areas (MPA): to serve as models in good governance for better protection of coral reefs combined with social and economic development. ? Training materials tailored to the needs of coral reef managers in all regions, and a global network of trained coastal management trainers. ? Establishment of a Coral Reef Fund to support coral reef management and conservation activities beyond the project period. 2. Assessment ? A series of regional Reefs at Risk publications: region by region geographical analyses of the threats to coral reefs. ? A strengthening and repositioning of ReefBase to enhance its function as a global repository for data on coral reefs, and as a major information centre for ICRAN. Dissemination of ReefBase on CD-ROM and via the Internet will provide access to all information generated under ICRAN ? Enhancement of the Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network (GCRMN) to provide field data on coral reef health and on the status of reef-dependent peoples. 3. Communication ? A set of public information materials aimed at increasing interest and improving knowledge about coral reefs worldwide. These will include a World Atlas of Coral Reefs and a compendium of best-practice guidelines for coral reef management. ? Enhanced awareness of coral reef conservation and proper management through a worldwide public information campaign, including both mass media and the provision of materials to NGOs and schools. ? Further enhancement of ICRI's capacity to specifically promote and affect policy reforms specifically to encourage the commitment of governments and international agencies to protect coral reef resources for future generations. Through these combined activities ICRAN will achieve a documented improvement in management practices leading to reduced threats to coral reefs and a net increase in coral reef health. The UN Foundation has funded the one-year Start-up Phase to begin many of ICRAN's core activities. A Strategic Plan is being prepared and will identify the priorities for the four-year Action Phase - from 2001 to 2004. With initial UNF support, ICRAN aims to create a functioning network in selected coral reef regions of the world. ICRAN then intends to expand its global network, and seek counterpart funding that will eventually replace and sustain its key activities. >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> ICRAN PROJECT DIRECTOR - TERMS OF REFERENCE TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR THE ICRAN DIRECTOR Duties ? Coordinate the implementation of projects conducted as part of ICRAN ? Provide regular reports to UNEP, donors to ICRAN, ICRAN partners, and the ICRI CPC: (1) reviewing of the progress of projects in the ICRAN Program; (2) identifying current priorities for further action; (3) presenting proposals to keep the ICRAN Strategic Plan up to date. ? For those Regional Seas Coordinating Units involved in ICRAN: (1) to facilitate coordination and partnership between these RCUs; (2) to develop capacity within the Regional Seas to implement ICRAN Action Phase. ? In liaison with the ICRAN Management Board, to identify and maximise opportunities to secure funding and in-kind support for: (1) the ICRAN Program as a whole; (2) for specific components of the Program. ? Maintain a high level of liaison with the ICRI CPC, ICRAN partners and others in the ICRI Framework for Action ? Prepare and revise ICRAN project documents ? Assist ICRAN implementing partners in developing applications for ICRAN project support ? Represent ICRAN in scientific, management and other relevant forums and raise awareness about ICRAN, the work of its partners and the status of coral reefs ? Review the extent and nature of involvement of communities and non-government organisations in the implementation of projects ? As Executive Officer, provide support to the ICRAN Management Board and ICRAN Steering Committee ? Ensure that ICRAN is undergoing periodic review and programme monitoring ? Line management of other staff in the ICRAN Co-ordinating Unit Qualifications And Experience The successful candidate should have: ? Several (10+) years implementation and management experience working with a diverse range of government and international agencies, NGOs, community groups, and donors. ? Extensive experience in the conduct of projects or programs addressing environment protection, conservation or sustainable use of natural resources, preferably in the marine environment. ? Extensive experience in the conduct of projects or programs addressing environment protection, conservation or sustainable use of natural resources, preferably in the marine environment. ? Qualifications and experience in natural resources management, especially in Integrated Coastal Management and Marine Protected Areas, and knowledge of the coral reef conservation community and current initiatives is essential. Research in a relevant area of natural science would be an advantage. The ability to commence work in 2000 or early 2001 would be an advantage. Reporting Responsibilities ? Financial, personnel and overall program implementation: Chair ICRAN Management Board ? Program development and review: Chair ICRAN Steering Committee Salary and Benefits ? Salary range ?36,000 - ?45,000 p.a. depending on experience ? Annual leave of 25 days plus UK national holidays ? A contributory pension scheme active after one year's employment ? A non-contributory life insurance scheme equal to four years salary ? Parental and sick leave commensurate with UK employment law >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Dr. Edmund Green Head, Marine and Coastal Programme UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre 219 Huntingdon Road Cambridge CB3 0DL United Kingdom Tel: (44) 1223 277314 Fax: (44) 1223 277136 E mail: ed.green at unep-wcmc.org From slcoles at bishopmuseum.org Mon Sep 25 20:00:05 2000 From: slcoles at bishopmuseum.org (Steve Coles) Date: Mon, 25 Sep 2000 14:00:05 -1000 Subject: End of summer coral bleaching. Message-ID: <200009261158.LAA16478@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> I agree with Yusef. Surprisingly, rapid temperature fluctuations don't=20 seem to impart much stress. For a description of summer temperatures off=20 Oman that fluctuated daily up to 8 deg. C with maxima up to 33 deg. C and=20 had no apparent effect on an abundant coverage of 26 species of corals,=20 please see Coles, S. L. (1997) Coral Reefs 16:269-272, and Quinn and=20 Johnson (1997) Coral Reefs 15:214. I also observed high temperature=20 fluctuations near upper thermal limits with no negative effects on corals=20 near the Kahe Point thermal outfall in Hawaii (Coles [1975] Pacific Science= =20 29:15-18). Steve Coles At 05:09 PM 9/23/2000 +0300, you wrote: >Bleaching threshold(s) in the Gulf apparently are a function of >dose-duration. It was extremely hot this past summer, and >for a long time. Extreme temperatures are experienced by >the Gulf's "tough" corals almost every year, yet bleaching >occurs only when exposure duration lasts beyond a certain >threshold. The 1996 and 1998 episodes suggest such a >mechanism, with a delayed response. Therefore, I am not >convinced that we can attribute bleaching to rapid temperature >fluxes, because here indeed is where Gulf corals are exceptionally >tough. Almost every year, between November and December, >seawater temperature drops 10-12 =B0C in less than two weeks, >with corals showing no ill effects. > >Yusef Fadlalla >Dhahran, Saudi Arabia > >Bob Buddemeier wrote: > > > What were sea state (wind) and light conditions? Since the "high > > temperature" bleaching certainly involves light and probably reduced > > water motion as synergistic stressors, it's not surprising that there > > isn't a monotonic response to any single variable viewed in isolation. > > > > Bob Buddemeier > > > > Ray Berkelmans wrote: > > > > > > Hello Shaker! (and C-listers) > > > > > > They breed corals tough where you come from! But obviously still not= =20 > tough > > > enough... > > > Your observations about increasing bleaching while temperatures cool= are > > > very interesting. These sound remarkably like the observations we made= at > > > Hardy Reef on the GBR (offshore) in early 1998. Temperatures peaked at > > > 29.9=B0C (av. daily) on 23-24 Feb, but bleaching was not observed= until 13 > > > March (18 days later), well after temperatures had cooled. Bleaching= was > > > only mild, suggesting that the bleaching threshold was only exceeded= by a > > > relatively small amount (& probably for a short duration).= Observations > > > about the state of the corals were made every day by a biologist= (Jackie > > > Shields) aboard a tourist vessel. To me these observations suggest= that > > > there may be a delay in the onset of bleaching (at least visible=20 > symptoms of > > > bleaching) following stress. Observations of bleaching and=20 > temperatures at > > > other sites indicate that this delay is considerably reduced (or= absent) > > > when stress temperatures are exceeded by a large amount. These field > > > observations are consistent with the delayed bleaching response I=20 > reported > > > in Coral Reefs (18:219-228) following experimentally induced= temperature > > > stress. Does any one else have similar observations? > > > > > > Ray Berkelmans > > > AIMS > > > PMB 3 > > > Townsville Q4810 > > > Ph 47534268 > > > > > > -----Original Message----- > > > From: owner-coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov > > > [mailto:owner-coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov] On Behalf Of Shaker=20 > Alhazeem > > > Sent: Wednesday, 20 September 2000 9:18 PM > > > To: Coral List > > > Subject: End of summer coral bleaching. > > > > > > Dear Coral-Listers, > > > > > > Kuwait is experiencing a major coral bleaching event now. Bleaching is > > > occurring in excess of about 80% in some areas. The phenomenon is > > > recent having started within the last week. This is the end of the hot > > > season so temperature had fluctuated last week, so temperature shock > > > most likely was the effect on corals. The water temperature was around > > > 32=B0C on the time of observing coral bleaching. > > > About three weeks ago I have visited Kubbar island coral reef in= Kuwait > > > in August 12th 2000. I have found there was about 10% bleached coral > > > colonies and water temperature was 35=B0C. But this visit last= weekend > > > the coral was bleached about 80% and water temperature around 32=B0C= in > > > September 14th 2000. But Quro coral reef had showed about 40% coral > > > bleaching only, that could be for the reason it is less stressed coral > > > around in Quro, as it is farther away from the coast so less human > > > impact. Last week we had sudden drop in the temperature and it came= back > > > up after that week, which could be the real cause of the coral= bleaching > > > is temperature shock. > > > > > > With Best Wishes, > > > > > > Shaker Alhazeem > > > > > > Research Associate > > > Mariculture and Fisheries Dept. > > > Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research > > > P.O. Box : 1638 > > > 22017 Salmiya - Kuwait > > > Fax : (965) 5711293 > > > Email: shazeem at safat.kisr.edu.kw > > > > -- > > > > Dr. Robert W. Buddemeier > > Senior Scientist, Geohydrology > > Kansas Geological Survey > > University of Kansas > > 1930 Constant Ave. > > Lawrence, KS 66047 > > > > ph (785) 864-2112 > > fax (785) 864-5317 > > buddrw at kgs.ukans.edu > > http://water.kgs.ukans.edu S. L. Coles, Ph. D. Research Zoologist Bishop Museum 1525 Bernice St. Honolulu, HI 96817, USA Ph. (808) 847-8256 Fax (808) 847-8252 From reefkeeper at earthlink.net Tue Sep 26 05:05:13 2000 From: reefkeeper at earthlink.net (Alexander Stone) Date: Tue, 26 Sep 2000 10:05:13 +0100 Subject: SOS for Blue Bay Marine Park/Mauritius Message-ID: <39D066CC.C56@earthlink.net> ATTENTION ***Please reply directly to Doris S?n?que *** ----- Original Message ----- From: Doris S?n?que Organization: Eco Sud Sent: Wednesday, September 20, 2000 7:42 PM Subject: SOS for Blue Bay marine park in Mauritius Dear nature lovers, ? We are convinced you must be informed about what is going on in Mauritius at the moment. ? The promoters of the "Follies" hotel project on Ile aux Deux Cocos, right in the middle of the marine park of Blue Bay have dug out the basaltic coastline of the bay to build a marina as part of that project. On the 9th of September 2000 two machines - a rock?hammer and a mechanical shovel - have displaced about 400m3 of soil and rocks.The filtering nets placed in the sea by the promoters the day before have been totally useless to contain the mud which spread in the marine park over a distance of 80m. The Ministry of Environment reacted accordingly and issued a prohibition order to stop the works on the 13th of September.But damage had already been done to the environment and it is a very serious situation.There is at the present time a?layer of silt up to 15cm deep on the corals, suffocating them and bringing about their death in the days to come.The alteration to the coastline may have unpredictable and adverse impacts on the currents prevailing in the lagoon. This gaping trench causes more mud to go on spreading in the marine park with each tide and laboratory analysis of water samples have shown that that mud is acidic. ? ECO-SUD being an ecologist association, we feel it is our responsibility as citizens to take immediate action to put an end to that criminal assault on our natural heritage. But we are no scientists and desperately need urgent help from overseas experts. Please advise us as to what to do right now ! ? Best regards. ? Doris S?n?que Secretary ? ECO-SUD Casa do Sol Bonites Street Blue Bay MAURITIUS. ? From SMW at iucnearo.org Wed Sep 27 10:24:06 2000 From: SMW at iucnearo.org (WELLS Sue) Date: Wed, 27 Sep 2000 17:24:06 +0300 Subject: Position announcement - Tanga Coastal Zone Programme, Tanzania Message-ID: Please do not reply to sender - see below for application details TECHNICAL ADVISOR (Deadline 20th November, 2000) Tanga Coastal Zone Conservation and Management Programme IUCN is looking for an experienced professional as the Technical Advisor (TA) for the Tanga Coastal Zone Conservation and Development Programme Phase III. The Tanga Coastal Zone Conservation and Development Programme implemented by the three districts of Tanga Region (Muheza and Pangani Districts and Tanga Municipality) started in 1994 and aims to enhance the well-being of coastal communities in the region by improving the health of the environment that they depend on, and by diversifying the options for using coastal resources. The Programme is working with coastal fishing villages to improve management of coral reefs and mangroves, and the coastal resources that the villagers depend upon for their livelihoods. District and village level institutions are being strengthened so that they can undertake integrated management in a sustainable way. The TA will be the principal focal point and coordinator for the delivery of IUCN Technical Assistance in implementing the project. The programme is focusing on building sustainable institutions and capacity for coastal management and the TA will therefore play a primarily advisory role. The ideal candidate should have: ? Minimum Masters degree in environmental management, fisheries management , marine ecology or related discipline and with at least ten years experience working in a field related to marine conservation; ? Project management experience, including multi-displinary team management, financial management and procurement; ? Proficiency in spoken and written English; fluency or working knowledge of Kiswahili would be an added advantage; ? Exceptional communications, negotiation and liaison skills. The contract will be for two years. Applicants should submit letters of application, detailed curriculum vitae and names of three professional referees to: The Regional Representative, IUCN Eastern Africa Regional Office, P.O. Box 68200, Nairobi, Kenya, Fax ++254 2 890615. Only short-listed candidates will be contacted. Sue Wells Co-ordinator, E.A. Marine Programme IUCN Eastern African Regional Office P.O. Box 68200 Nairobi, Kenya Tel: +254 2 890605 Fax: +254 2 890615 e-mail: smw at iucnearo.org (home tel: +254 2 891499) From cmcdh at ultra.net.au Tue Sep 26 20:29:48 2000 From: cmcdh at ultra.net.au (David Hopley) Date: Wed, 27 Sep 2000 10:29:48 +1000 Subject: cancellation policy Message-ID: <200009271625.QAA21123@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> 9TH INTERNATIONAL CORAL REEF SYMPOSIUM 23-27 OCTOBER 2000, BALI, INDONESIA PLEASE NOTE THE CANCELLATION POLICY FOR 9ICRS 23-27 October 2000 IS AS FOLL= OWS: Cancellation: Before July 31 2000 No charge =20 Cancellation: Aug 1 =96 Sept 30 10% charge =20 Cancellation: Oct 1 =96 Oct 15 50% charge =20 Cancellation: After Oct 15 Full charge =20 Dr. David Hopley Chair, Scientific Program Committee 9ICRS C/- CRC Reef Research Centre James Cook University TOWNSVILLE QLD 4811 AUSTRALIA Full Program for 9ICRS can now be viewed on our Web Page at: www.nova.edu/ocean/9icrs =20 FAX: +61 7 4779 1400 From noreply at ultra.net.au Wed Sep 27 18:29:10 2000 From: noreply at ultra.net.au (9ICRS) Date: Thu, 28 Sep 2000 08:29:10 +1000 Subject: More: 9ICRS cancellation policy Message-ID: <200009281130.LAA23098@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> PLEASE NOTE: CANCELLATION OF 9ICRS REGISTRATIONS should be made with ROYALINDO the Indonesian Conference Organiser's email: mktg at royalindo.co.id Full Program for 9ICRS can now be viewed on the Web Page at: http://www.nova.edu/ocean/9icrs FAX: +61 7 4779 1400 From reiag at hotmail.com Thu Sep 28 13:43:11 2000 From: reiag at hotmail.com (Reia Guppy) Date: Thu, 28 Sep 2000 17:43:11 GMT Subject: Information on C. abbreviata Message-ID: <200009281840.SAA24148@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> Hello everyone, I am a graduate student who is trying to work on white pox on Acropora palmata. A key part of my thesis is working with Coralliophila abbriviata, but I have been unable to find anything on this species. Does anyone have any references for this particular species, field identification characteristics, morphology, etc. Thanks, Reia Guppy Institute of Marine Affairs Hilltop Lane, Chaguaramas Trinidad _________________________________________________________________________ Get Your Private, Free E-mail from MSN Hotmail at http://www.hotmail.com. Share information about yourself, create your own public profile at http://profiles.msn.com. From smiller at gate.net Thu Sep 28 15:48:31 2000 From: smiller at gate.net (Steven Miller) Date: Thu, 28 Sep 2000 15:48:31 -0400 Subject: 2001 ISRS/CMC Coral Reef Fellowship Message-ID: <39D3A08F.B098C7D3@gate.net> 2001 Graduate Fellowship for Coral Reef Research International Society for Reef Studies and the Center for Marine Conservation Background and Fellowship Goals Coral reefs are among the most diverse ecosystems on the planet, they are globally distributed, and they support various aspects of coastal economies. Yet coral reefs are widely recognized to be in decline and studies are needed to provide information to manage and understand processes that cause coral reef change. Funds are available, US$15,000, to support one Ph.D. student in the general area of coral reef ecosystem research. The focus of the Fellowship is to understand and predict coral reef response to management or disturbance-caused change (human-caused or natural). Research supported by the Fellowship should emphasize an ecosystem approach. For example, projects that focus on factors that control productivity, nutrient dynamics, carbonate accretion or erosion, fisheries, or the effects of exploitation of coral reef resources are examples of suitable topics. Projects that address such issues within the context of marine reserves are especially suitable for Fellowship support. Projects are not limited to these topics, but research should increase understanding of reef function that is relevant to management at local, regional, or global scales. Who can apply? The Fellowship is available to students, worldwide, who are already admitted to a graduate program at an accredited university. The intent of the fellowship is to help Ph.D. students develop skills and to address problems related to relevant applications of coral reef ecosystem research and management. The Fellowship can be used to support salary, travel, fieldwork, or laboratory analyses. The student can work entirely at the host university, or can split time between developed and developing country universities. Application materials A three page proposal, using 12 Font or larger, double spaced, in English, is required from prospective fellowship candidates: proposals that do not meet these criteria may be returned. The proposal should include the following sections: 1. Overview: The overview starts with the Proposal Title, Author Name, Author Address, Major Professor Name, Major Professor's Address (if different than the Author's), and total amount in the budget request. The overview places the proposed research in context with existing literature and local needs. 2. Methods: The methods section includes hypotheses, methods, and experimental design - including details about how data will be analyzed; 3. Results: The results section discusses how the work is relevant to host country management and science issues. This section also includes evidence of host country coordination (e.g. identification of individuals or programs that will benefit from your results); The following two sections are required but not count against the three page limit: 4. Detailed Budget: The budget must not exceed $15,000. Details about cost sharing relevant to the project are included in this section; and 5. Literature Cited: Use a bibliographic format that includes full titles in the citations. An electronic version (any standard word processing format is acceptable) and three written copies of the proposal must be provided. Electronic submission via email is acceptable but written copies must also be received by the deadline (see below). The student's major professor must submit a support letter for the project based on their knowledge of the project, and familiarity with the student's background and abilities. The major professor should also submit a short (3 page) CV - electronic submission of the letter and CV is preferred, but written versions are acceptable. If work will be conducted at a second university, a support letter is required from the sponsoring professor. Applications will be reviewed by a panel with ISRS and CMC participants. Evaluation Criteria Evaluation criteria include: scientific merit, feasibility, support letter from major professor, cost sharing, host country coordination, and relevancy to the Fellowship guidelines. SUBMISSION DEADLINE IS December 15, 2000 Administration of the Fellowship The International Society for Reef Studies (ISRS) and the Center for Marine Conservation (CMC) support the Fellowship through professional and administrative contributions. The mission of the ISRS is to promote for the benefit of the public, the production and dissemination of scientific knowledge and understanding concerning coral reefs, both living and fossil. The CMC is committed to protecting ocean environments and conserving the global abundance and diversity of marine life. Through science-based advocacy, research, and public education, CMC promotes informed citizen participation to reverse the degradation of our oceans. Application materials should be submitted to: ISRS Recording Secretary UNCW 515 Caribbean Drive Key Largo, Florida 33037 email: millers at uncwil.edu (Award to be made by March 31, 2001) Please visit the ISRS web site at http://www.uncwil.edu/isrs for additional information related to the Society and the Fellowship. The CMC web site is http://www.cmc-ocean.org -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/pipermail/coral-list-old/attachments/20000928/3c5a2bcd/attachment.html