From jltorres38 at hotmail.com  Sun Dec  1 16:10:24 2002
From: jltorres38 at hotmail.com (Juan Torres)
Date: Sun, 1 Dec 2002 16:10:24 -0500
Subject: coral tissue stainning
Message-ID: <mailman.696.1354545825.29604.coral-list-old@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Hello coral listers,

I would like to know if anyone have some information about how to stain
coral tissue (specially gonads) without going through the whole process
of  histology. The idea is to use a dissecting microscope instead of a
compound  one.  Any information will be appreciated.

Thanks,
Juan L. Torres
University of PR
Dept. Marine Sciences
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From Andy.Bruckner at noaa.gov  Wed Dec  4 08:23:16 2002
From: Andy.Bruckner at noaa.gov (Andy Bruckner)
Date: Wed, 4 Dec 2002 08:23:16 -0500
Subject: MANAGEMENT OF CORAL DISEASES
Message-ID: <mailman.697.1354545825.29604.coral-list-old@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Dear Coral List Readers,

NOAA Fisheries has published a NOAA Technical Memorandum on coral
diseases entitled ?Priorities for Effective Management of Coral
Diseases?.  This paper was originally developed as a white paper was for
the Coral Disease and Health Consortium workshop held in Charleston last
January, and it is also available as a PDF file on the new CHAMP coral
disease website (http://www.coral.noaa.gov/coral_disease).

The paper summarizes much of the available information on coral disease
epizootiology, including a compilation of all disease names that have
appeared in the literature, information on the distribution and
prevalence of the major coral diseases affecting  Western Atlantic coral
reefs, rates of tissue loss reported for these coral diseases and
monitoring approaches that have been used to study disease
epizootiology.

The paper is divided into two sections: 1) Key priorities for effective
management;  and 2) proposed strategies to address management needs for
coral diseases.  Each of these sections is broken down into seven major
themes:

1) Early warning systems
2) The spatial distribution and temporal variations of coral disease
outbreaks
3) Relationships with environmental factors, anthropogenic stresses and
natural disturbances
4) Standardized nomenclature to describe, identify and differentiate
diseases
5) Factors that facilitate the occurrence, spread and transmission of
pathogens
6) Effects on population dynamics, community structure and ecosystem
function
7) Measures to mitigate disease impacts

Anyone that is interested in receiving a hard copy of the paper please
contact :

Andy Bruckner
NOAA/NMFS
Office of Protected Resources
1315 East West Highway
Silver Spring, MD 20910
andy.bruckner at noaa.gov

~~~~~~~
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From kinzie at hawaii.edu  Wed Dec  4 08:29:16 2002
From: kinzie at hawaii.edu (Dr. Robert A. Kinzie III)
Date: Wed, 4 Dec 2002 08:29:16 -0500
Subject: Univ of Hawaii faculty position in marine resources and the
Message-ID: <mailman.698.1354545825.29604.coral-list-old@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Pacific
To: Coral-List <coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Sender: owner-coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: list

Dear coral list:

Please respond to the address in the ad not to me.

Aloha
Bob Kinzie
_________________________________________________________________________

The University of Hawaii Department of Geography seeks to fill a
full-time, 9-month, tenure-track faculty position in the area of marine
resources with a regional focus on the Pacific. The appointment is
expected to be at the level of assistant professor, is to start August
2003, and is contingent on position clearance and funding. Applicants
with any combination of interests and expertise consistent with the
foregoing will be viewed with great interest.  The Department is
particularly keen to receive applications from those working at the
interface of the natural and social sciences, or able to apply such
sciences to policy- or management-relevant questions.  Applicants are
expected to hold a doctorate in geography or a relevant field at the
time of appointment. Salary range: $36,720-54,336 per year, commensurate
with qualifications and experience.  Applications should include a
letter of introduction describing the candidate's research and teaching
interests, a CV, and the names and contact information of three
individuals who can provide references. Review of applications will
begin on January 20, 2003, and continue until the position is filled.

Applications should be addressed to:

        Chair of the Personnel Committee
        Dept. of Geography
        Saunders Hall 445
        Honolulu, HI 96822.

EEO/AA employer. Also posted at http://workatuh.hawaii.edu.
~~~~~~~
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From micky.schoelzke1 at libertysurf.fr  Wed Dec  4 08:31:18 2002
From: micky.schoelzke1 at libertysurf.fr (Micky V. Schoelzke)
Date: Wed, 4 Dec 2002 08:31:18 -0500
Subject: Allergy to corals?
Message-ID: <mailman.699.1354545825.29604.coral-list-old@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Hello to the list,

I have a question that some people on the list may be able to answer. I
have, like all people
involved in coral physiology studies, been crushing up, boiling and
"water-picking" coral samples. Once, I have been stung by a jellyfish (A
mediterranean Noctiluca) and had a strong reaction to it (cold sweating,
shivering, headache, nausea). The next day, I cleaned the coral tanks I
was working on (Stylophora pistillata) and my arms became very swollen,
red and I felt I was going to pass out. After that, I had to wear gloves
to handle coral samples and crush them up for analysis. Only the smell
of broken corals made me sneeze and my eyes became irritated. I was
wondering if the jellyfish sting had something to do with the reaction:
if yes, it would be the Cnidarian venom that was the cause of the whole
thing. Maybe some researchers of the list would have details about the
physiological resaons for that or would have had the same problem. As
even a sting from a very small jellyfish triggers the reaction (and all
you people you have been night-diving know that it is not easy to avoid
small zooplancton jellys), I would be interested to know if there would
be a cure...

thanks for your answers, feedback and advices,

Micky Schoelzke
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From kinzie at hawaii.edu  Wed Dec  4 13:23:44 2002
From: kinzie at hawaii.edu (Robert Kinzie)
Date: Wed, 04 Dec 2002 08:23:44 -1000
Subject: Marine Biologist Position - Hawaii
Message-ID: <mailman.700.1354545825.29604.coral-list-old@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Dear coral list:

Please respond to the address in the ad not to me.

Aloha
Bob Kinzie
_________________________________________________________________________=

The Department of Zoology at the University of Hawaii invites marine
biologists to apply for a tenure-track ASSISTANT PROFESSOR position.

Research interests and experience should include tropical marine
animals, and complement present departmental strengths; desirable areas
include community or population ecology and evolutionary biology.
Teaching responsibilities include a new undergraduate course in the
biology of marine organisms, an advanced course in the individual's
specialty and participation in a topics course in marine biology.
Applicants must have a Ph.D. in biological sciences, evidence of
significant research accomplishments, and commitment to quality teaching
in a new undergraduate marine biology degree program.

To apply send letter of application, curriculum vitae, statement of
research, statement of teaching philosophy and the names, addresses, and
email of three references to: Marine Biologist Search Committee,
Department of Zoology, 2538 McCarthy Mall; University of Hawaii,
Honolulu, HI  96822.

Direct inquiries to zoology at hawaii.edu.  To receive full consideration,
applications must be received by February 1, 2003; however, review of
applications will continue until position is filled.

EEO/AA Employer.
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .


From kinzie at hawaii.edu  Thu Dec  5 07:01:33 2002
From: kinzie at hawaii.edu (Robert Kinzie)
Date: Thu, 5 Dec 2002 07:01:33 -0500
Subject: Ichthyology Position - Hawaii
Message-ID: <mailman.701.1354545825.29604.coral-list-old@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

 Dear coral list:

 Please respond to the address in the ad not to me.

 Aloha

 Bob Kinzie

_________________________________________________________________________

The Department of Zoology at the University of Hawaii invites marine
ichthyologists to apply for a tenure-track ASSISTANT PROFESSOR position.

Research interests and experience should include tropical marine fishes
and complement existing department strengths; desirable areas include
community or population ecology, and evolutionary biology and
systematics.  Teaching responsibilities will include an introductory
undergraduate ichthyology course, and an advanced course in the
individual's specialty.

Applicants must have a Ph.D., evidence of significant research
accomplishments, and a commitment to teaching.

To apply send letter of application, curriculum vitae, statement of
research accomplishments and goals, statement of teaching philosophy and
the names, addresses, and email contacts of three references to:
Ichthyology Search Committee, Department of Zoology, 2538 McCarthy Mall;
University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI  96822.

Direct inquiries to zoology at hawaii.edu.

To receive full consideration, applications must be received by February
1, 2003; however, review of applications will continue until position is
filled.

EEO/AA Employer.
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .


From jim.hendee at noaa.gov  Thu Dec  5 08:58:51 2002
From: jim.hendee at noaa.gov (Jim Hendee)
Date: Thu, 5 Dec 2002 08:58:51 -0500
Subject: A. Bruckner's Disease Manuscript link
Message-ID: <mailman.702.1354545825.29604.coral-list-old@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Dear Coral-Listers,

    Some of you have had trouble locating the exact link for Andrew W.
Bruckner's NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-OPR-22, entitled "Priorities
for Effective Management of Coral Diseases."  Please be advised that the
more precise link is:

http://www.coral.noaa.gov/coral_disease/cdhc/man_priorities_coral_diseases.pdf

    I hope this helps.

    Cheers,
    Jim Hendee

~~~~~~~
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From mazel at psicorp.com  Thu Dec  5 22:10:27 2002
From: mazel at psicorp.com (Charles Mazel)
Date: Thu, 5 Dec 2002 22:10:27 -0500
Subject: Fluorescent organisms on reef - identification help needed
Message-ID: <mailman.703.1354545825.29604.coral-list-old@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Dear Coral List,

My group is engaged in research on fluorescence effects in marine
organisms.  As part of recent fieldwork we observed and photographed
several instances of fluorescence (or non-fluorescence) in various
sponges, crabs, shrimp, tunicates, etc. Some we have identified, but the
range of diversity puts many of the organisms outside our area of direct
expertise.  I would appreciate any help that any of you might be able to
offer in making better identifications.  You can find a list of the
specimens we need immediate help with, with links to pages with
photographs and location information, at
http://www.psicorp.com/mazel/database/helpsummary.htm. Please respond
directly to me so as not to burden the group.  I welcome any dialogue on
the sources or functions of fluorescence in any of these organisms.

Regards,

Charles Mazel

----------------------------------------------
Charles Mazel
Principal Research Scientist
Physical Sciences Inc.
20 New England Business Center
Andover, MA 01810
(978) 738-8227 (direct)
(978) 689-0003 (switchboard)
(978) 689-3232 (fax)
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .


From EricHugo at aol.com  Thu Dec  5 22:13:28 2002
From: EricHugo at aol.com (EricHugo at aol.com)
Date: Thu, 5 Dec 2002 22:13:28 -0500
Subject: Allergy to corals?
Message-ID: <mailman.704.1354545825.29604.coral-list-old@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Apologies to the list if I am forgetting an earlier thread from
coral-list,  but I can't recall if it was posted or whether I got an
email directly on  this subject in the past.

I am responding to the list because this is the second time I have heard
of  what appears to be aerosolized antigens from corals inducing
allergic  response.   The first was from a gentleman who had boiled
corals to clean  their skeleton. I'm curious about others inputs here as
I did not initially  suspect that the first case could have been as was
described, but this post now gives me pause.

Micky, I am aware of numerous people who have developed hypersensitivity
to cnidarians ad other marine venoms, including polychaetes. I don't
know if Meredith Peach is on this list, but I believe she stated in an
email she became hypersensitive to Goniopora toxin (secondary
metabolite, not nematocysts). Also, following fire coral envenomations,
type IV delayed  hypersensitivity reactions (poison oak-ish) seem pretty
common judging by the  number of emails I have gotten from people being
stung and having symptoms  months afterwards. Also, during a field trip
with a class to Belize, four of  about fifteen students were stung by
Cassiopeia (many had ripe gonads at the  time) and developed anaphylaxis
and were overnighted in a hospital.   That's a huge percentage.

What kind of therapy you would use depends on the hypersensitivity
reaction - some are IgE mediated, with antigen cross-linking IgE's bound
to mat cells and basophils   causing degranulation and setting off
cascades. Type II are IgG mediated cytotoxic hypersensitivity where
antibody directed against cell surface antigens mediates cell
destruction   via complement or ADCC, but this is probaby not likely to
be what is happening in your case. Type III are immune complex mediated
hypersensitivities where antigen-antibody complexes are depostied in
tissues and induce complement activiation with an inflammatory response
characterized by large scale neutrophil invasion. Type IV are
cell-mediated hypersensitivities where special T cells release cytokines
activating macrophages or Tc cells that cause the response. Because
three of these may describe what you have, and each has its own
characterisitics, an hence different treatments, I'd probably visit an
immunologist and get some blood work done to determine the best course
of therapy.   Hopefully manageable without carrying epi-pens with you
from this point onward.

Hope this was of some help.   Good luck.

Eric Borneman
Department of Biology and Biochemistry
Program in Ecology and Evolution
University of Houston
~~~~~~~
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From alark at mail.usyd.edu.au  Fri Dec  6 08:12:16 2002
From: alark at mail.usyd.edu.au (Tony Larkum)
Date: Fri, 6 Dec 2002 08:12:16 -0500
Subject: Position for a Cell BIologist to work on Corals
Message-ID: <mailman.705.1354545825.29604.coral-list-old@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Position announcement:  Cell Biologist to Work on Coral Symbiosis School
of Biological Sciences and Electron Microscope Unit,  University of
Sydney

We are seeking to fill a short-term graduate/postdoctoral position (6-12
months) in the area of marine cell biology. The project focuses on the
mechanisms of recognition and signaling between the membranes of
cnidarian hosts and their algal intracellular symbionts, as well as on
break-down in these mechanisms (coral bleaching).The position will be
offered, based on experience. A BS/BSc degree in marine biology, cell
biology or related fields is a minimum. Required: excellent experimental
skills in the preparation and handling of biological samples and
extensive experience in isolation and characterization of membrane
components,  particularly gel electrophoresis, immuno-labelling,
fluorescence-labelling, etc.  Also preferably experience with or
willingness to learn microarray and proteomic technologies, and light
(confocal) and TEM microscopy skills. Experience in field-work on coral
reefs and diving qualifications would be helpful but are not required.

Applicants with any combination of interests and expertise consistent
with theforegoing will be viewed with great interest.

Appointment will be for 6-12 months beginning Jan to Mar, 2003
Salary range:AU $30,000-45,000 per year, commensurate with
qualifications and experience.

Applications should include a letter of introduction describing the
candidate's research experience relevant to the project, interests, a
CV, and the names and contact information of at least two individuals
who can provide references.

Letters of application to:
Professor Anthony Larkum
Heydon-Laurence Building (A08)
School of Biological Sciences
University of Sydney
NSW 2006, Australia
Email: alark at mail.usyd.edu.au
Fax: +61 2 9351 4119

Prof. A.W.D. Larkum
Acting Director, Sydney University Biological Informatics and
Technology Centre (SUBIT)
School of Biological Sciences
Heydon-Laurence Building (A08)
University of Sydney
NSW 2006
Australia

Tel 61 2 9351 2069
Fax 61 2 9351 4119

http://www.bio.usyd.edu.au/SUBIT/
http://www-personal.usyd.edu.au/~alark
http://www.bio.usyd.edu.au/SOBS/admin/staff/larkum.html
http://www.com.univ-mrs.fr/IRD/cyano
http://www.larkumnet.freeserve.co.uk/
~~~~~~~
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From kamlaruby at intnet.mu  Fri Dec  6 08:14:15 2002
From: kamlaruby at intnet.mu (Ruby Moothien Pillay)
Date: Fri, 6 Dec 2002 08:14:15 -0500
Subject: Coral trade
Message-ID: <mailman.706.1354545825.29604.coral-list-old@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Dear coral list,

I know of a company eagerly wishing to take coral fragments (all
species)  from the wild and grow them for the export market.  Any
comments?  Examples of such activity elsewhere?  Does it work without
too much impacting on the reef?

Thanks

Ruby Moothien Pillay
Project Officer
Mauritius Oceanography Institute
4th floor, France Centre, Victoria Avenue
Quatre Bornes, Mauritius
Tel:+427 4434  Fax: +427 4433
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .


From jsobel at oceanconservancy.org  Fri Dec  6 10:27:23 2002
From: jsobel at oceanconservancy.org (Jack Sobel)
Date: Fri, 6 Dec 2002 10:27:23 -0500
Subject: coral-list-digest V7 #99
Message-ID: <mailman.707.1354545825.29604.coral-list-old@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

The announcement of the new CHAMP Coral Disease Web-site and NOAA
Fisheries publication of Andrew Bruckner's "Priorities for Effective
Management of Coral Reef Diseases" caught my eye and I was able to
locate both.  I gave both a quick look and they appear very worthwhile,
but raised a question in my mind.  Both the site's coverage (below) and
the report's coverage of Environment and Coral Diseases seemed to
recognize the potential linkage between anthropogenic impacts/decline in
environmental quality (especially water quality) and coral disease, list
a number of potential water quality stressors that may be responsible
and state limited data to support these, but fail to raise fishing or
overfishing impacts as having similar potential linkages to coral
disease outbreaks, although these too have been suggested in published
literature.  Shouldn't this potential linkage also be a priority for
research....especially for a fisheries agency?  If fishing impacts are
connected to coral disease outbreaks, either independently of or
synergistically with water quality, data may remain limited until they
are investigated.

>From CHAMP Coral Disease Site:

Environment and Coral Diseases
One of the most important, yet least understood, aspects of coral
disease is the relationship between disease incidence and the
environment. While it has been suggested that the recent increase in
coral diseases is associated with a decline in reef environmental
quality, very little quantitative work has been carried out in this
area. We now know that five coral diseases are positively correlated
with high water temperature - these are bacterial bleaching, black band
disease, plague, aspergillosis and dark spots disease.  Nutrient
(sewage) input, sedimentation, and runoff have all been cited as
correlated with disease incidence, however in almost all of these
reports no data are provided. Only two quantitative studies to date have
revealed statistical relationships between water quality factors and
disease prevalence. Kim and Harvell (2002) demonstrated positive
correlations between the prevalence of aspergillosis and both elevated
dissolved inorganic nitrogen and slightly lower water clarity. Kuta and
Richardson (in press) found that black band disease incidence was
correlated with elevated concentrations of nitrite (and lower
concentrations of soluble reactive phosphate). This research area is
critical.

A. Bruckner's Disease Manuscript link
------------------------------

Date: Wed, 4 Dec 2002 08:23:16 -0500
From: "Andy Bruckner" <Andy.Bruckner at noaa.gov>
Subject: MANAGEMENT OF CORAL DISEASES

Dear Coral List Readers,

NOAA Fisheries has published a NOAA Technical Memorandum on coral
diseases entitled "Priorities for Effective Management of Coral
Diseases".  This paper was originally developed as a white paper was for
the Coral Disease and Health Consortium workshop held in Charleston last
January, and it is also available as a PDF file on the new CHAMP coral
disease website (http://www.coral.noaa.gov/coral_disease).

The paper summarizes much of the available information on coral disease
epizootiology, including a compilation of all disease names that have
appeared in the literature, information on the distribution and
prevalence of the major coral diseases affecting  Western Atlantic coral
reefs, rates of tissue loss reported for these coral diseases and
monitoring approaches that have been used to study disease
epizootiology.

The paper is divided into two sections: 1) Key priorities for effective
management;  and 2) proposed strategies to address management needs for
coral diseases.  Each of these sections is broken down into seven major
themes:

1) Early warning systems
2) The spatial distribution and temporal variations of coral disease
outbreaks
3) Relationships with environmental factors, anthropogenic stresses and
natural disturbances
4) Standardized nomenclature to describe, identify and differentiate
diseases
5) Factors that facilitate the occurrence, spread and transmission of
pathogens
6) Effects on population dynamics, community structure and ecosystem
function
7) Measures to mitigate disease impacts

Anyone that is interested in receiving a hard copy of the paper please
contact :

Andy Bruckner
NOAA/NMFS
Office of Protected Resources
1315 East West Highway
Silver Spring, MD 20910
andy.bruckner at noaa.gov

~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

------------------------------
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .


From kamlaruby at intnet.mu  Fri Dec  6 11:59:09 2002
From: kamlaruby at intnet.mu (Ruby Moothien Pillay)
Date: Fri, 6 Dec 2002 11:59:09 -0500
Subject: Coral trade (cont)
Message-ID: <mailman.708.1354545825.29604.coral-list-old@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Dear Coral list

Iam getting quite a lot of response from my posting on the coral trade
issue.  I am so very  concerned because Mauritius was one of the few
islands in the Indian Ocean that was mildly affected by the 1998
bleaching event.  If such kind of trade is now going to have huge
impacts on the corals, then not only the corals are going to be more
susceptible to all sorts of environmental perturbations , but would also
no longer be a potential source of larval supply to the region (if
Mauritius still escapes future bleaching episodes as it did last time).
Iam told that CITES does not permit trade in corals, so does this mean
that such kind of trade does not exist any where else in the world ?

Ruby Moothien Pillay
Project Officer
Mauritius Oceanography Institute=20
4th floor, France Centre, Victoria Avenue
Quatre Bornes, Mauritius=20
Tel:+427 4434  Fax: +427 4433
~~~~~~~
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From Andy.Collins at noaa.gov  Fri Dec  6 19:01:38 2002
From: Andy.Collins at noaa.gov (Andy Collins)
Date: Fri, 06 Dec 2002 14:01:38 -1000
Subject: Central Pacific Coral Reef Sounds
Message-ID: <mailman.709.1354545825.29604.coral-list-old@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Aloha All,

I am looking for underwater recordings of Central Pacific coral reefs.
Preferrably on good recording media, without scuba or other external
sounds.  Basically the ambient sound of the reef, that kind of static
cacophany most of you probably are well familiar with.  If anyone has
recordings of this please contact me, we are looking to use this
material in a Coral Reef Learning Center we are building in Hilo,
Hawai`i.

Thanks,

--
Andy Collins
Education and Outreach Coordinator/Webmaster
NOAA/NOS Northwestern Hawaiian Islands
Coral Reef Ecosystem Reserve
6700 Kalaniana'ole Hwy. # 215
Honolulu, HI 96825
---------------------------
Ph: (808)397-2659
Cell (808)347-8144
Fx: (808)397-2662
http://hawaiireef.noaa.gov
~~~~~~~
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From janet.ley at bigpond.com  Fri Dec  6 21:03:16 2002
From: janet.ley at bigpond.com (Janet Ley)
Date: Fri, 6 Dec 2002 21:03:16 -0500
Subject: coral farms
Message-ID: <mailman.710.1354545825.29604.coral-list-old@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Ruby & coralisters,
    There was a demonstration coral farm set up in the Philippines, and
=
a
small book has been written about it.  It seems to me that the growing =
should be good
enough that after first getting fragments from the wild, they don't have
=
to
keep taking more from the wild.  Because that would be a coral fishery =
in
disguise, not a coral farm.  One problem is that any transplanting =
always
has a proportion of colonies die.  Anyhow, the reference to the booklet
=
is:
Heeger T, Sotto F  (2000)  Coral Farming: a tool for reef rehabilitation
=
and
community ecotourism.  German Ministry of Environment.  94 pages.
    CITIES doesn't forbid trade in corals, mainly because individual =
coral
species are by and large not endangered (reefs are, not most coral =
species, at least not yet).  So for instance,
Indonesia exports hundreds of tons of corals per year for use in =
aquariums in
the US and Europe.  However, CITIES permits are required from the =
governments of both
exporting and importing countries.  The idea was to support governments
=
in
their attempts to control the trade and keep it from destroying reefs.
If coral farms work as they are intended, they should be able to not =
take
anything but starting stock from the reefs, and even produce corals to
re-plant damaged reefs with.  As to whether anyone has been able to do =
that,
that may be an open question.
    An alternative for coral farming might be to put out objects such as
tiles or artificial reefs for coral larvae to settle on, then move them
=
to the farm.  This would
require no damage to existing corals and would add to the total living
corals, but would require more time and one could not pick which species
would settle.  A related strategy would be to harvest from the =
artificial reefs.  There is also the possiblity of using spawn slicks to
=
provide
large numbers of larvae, if there is mass spawning and spawn slicks can
=
be found.
-Doug Fenner
Australian Institute of Marine Science
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .


From mike at corl.org  Fri Dec  6 22:08:58 2002
From: mike at corl.org (mikerking)
Date: Fri, 6 Dec 2002 16:08:58 -1100
Subject: Coral trade
Message-ID: <mailman.711.1354545825.29604.coral-list-old@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Ruby

 Have them give me a call at CORL's USA office 616-363-6991 our web site
is www.corl.org  We help many coral farms to get started and have been
developing a program that uses the marine ornamental industry to pay for
reef recovery projects and would be glad to lend them a hand if
possable.

Michael R. King
Director of CORL
The Coalition of Reef Lovers

----- Original Message -----
From: "Ruby Moothien Pillay" <kamlaruby at intnet.mu>
To: <coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Sent: Friday, December 06, 2002 2:14 AM
Subject: Coral trade

> Dear coral list,
>
> I know of a company eagerly wishing to take coral fragments (all
> species)  from the wild and grow them for the export market.  Any
> comments?  Examples of such activity elsewhere?  Does it work without
> too much impacting on the reef?
>
> Thanks
>
> Ruby Moothien Pillay
> Project Officer
> Mauritius Oceanography Institute
> 4th floor, France Centre, Victoria Avenue
> Quatre Bornes, Mauritius
> Tel:+427 4434  Fax: +427 4433
> ~~~~~~~
> For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
> digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
>
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .


From riskmj at mcmaster.ca  Sat Dec  7 08:52:53 2002
From: riskmj at mcmaster.ca (Mike Risk)
Date: Sat, 7 Dec 2002 08:52:53 -0500
Subject: No subject
Message-ID: <mailman.712.1354545825.29604.coral-list-old@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

<coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Re: coral farms
Sender: owner-coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: list

There are coral farms and coral culture schemes all over the world now.
I worked with an ADB team in Indonesia on the COREMAP project in 1995.
When we worked out the economics of coral farming as an alternative
employment scheme for migratory tribes like the Bugis and Badjo, we
estimated that the rate of return on investment from a properly-run farm
(larvae on tiles) was 50% per annum. This is somewhat better than the
North American stock market has done, in recent times...

All the more reason to shut down illegal wild-harvesting. All the
Indonesian trade is illegal-plus ca change.
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .


From dudu.zakai at nature-parks.org.il  Sun Dec  8 15:04:23 2002
From: dudu.zakai at nature-parks.org.il (David Zakai)
Date: Sun, 8 Dec 2002 15:04:23 -0500
Subject: Volunteer needed
Message-ID: <mailman.713.1354545826.29604.coral-list-old@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Israel Nature & Parks Authority and the InterUniversity Institute for
Marine Sciences in Eilat are seeking for a volunteer to work on a coral
reproduction project and conservation. The project is involved
maintenance and measurements of coral reproduction output in the lab and
field (Northern Red-Sea/Gulf of Aqaba).

Qualifications needed:

Diving license with good buoyancy skills
Basic technical skills
Accuracy and diligence

The project is for 6 months period starting from end of December 2002
beginning of January 2003.

We cover: dormitory housing, insurance and transportation during the
work time.

We do not cover: Airfare in and out from Eilat or Israel and meals.

Academic internship credit is possible.

Please send your CV via email to D. Zakai dudu.zakai at nature-parks.org.il
ASAP.
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .


From herman.cesar at ivm.vu.nl  Mon Dec  9 10:59:32 2002
From: herman.cesar at ivm.vu.nl (Herman Cesar)
Date: Mon, 9 Dec 2002 10:59:32 -0500
Subject: economic valuation coral reefs
Message-ID: <mailman.714.1354545826.29604.coral-list-old@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Dear coral listers,

I am currently putting together a data-base with all the economic
valuation studies on coral reefs.  Below is a list of all the articles
we have collected so far. If you know of any other article, please let
me know. We will eventually put the data-base on the web (www.ceec.nl).
I am working with Bob Leeworthy at NOAA who has already a similar
data-base on the web (www.marineeconomics.noaa.gov/Reefs/reeflit1.html
<http://www.marineeconomics.noaa.gov> ) and who will expand this
database also based on this coral-list request. Here is the list. Thanks
for any additions (please send to herman.cesar at ivm.vu.nl).

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1  Arin, T. (1998), Estimating the Tourist Demand?????????

2  Attzs, M. ( 2001), Economics and Coral Reef?????????..

3  Bappenas (1996), Recreation values of tourists?????????..

4  Barbier, E.B. (2000) The values of wetlands: ?????????

5  Bell, Bonn, Leeworthy (1998) Economic Impact and Importance ?????????

6 Berg, H.; Ohman, M.C. et al. (1998) Environmental Economics of Coral
??????..

7 Brock, R.E. (1994) Beyond fisheries enhancement: ??????.

8 Brown, N. A. (1995) Revenue Generation for Marine ?????????

9 Bunce, L. Gustavson, K. R. (1998) Coral Reef Valuation: A Rapid
?????????..

10 Bunce, L, Gustavson, K., et al. (1999) The Human Side of Reef
Management:..

11 Car, L.//Mendelsohn, R. (2001) Valuing coral reefs: A travel cost
?????????.

12 Cartier, C. Ruitenbeek, J. (2000) Montego Bay Pharmaceutical
?????????

13 Cesar, Herman (1996) Economic Analysis of Indonesian??????..

14 Davis, Derrin; Tisdell, Clem (1995) Recreational scuba diving ??????

15 Davis, Derrin; Tisdell, Clem (1996) Economic Management of ?????????

16 Davis, Derrin; et al. (1995) Scuba divers, economics, ecology??????.

17 de Groot, R.S. (1992) Functions of nature: evaluation of ?????????

18 Dharmaratne, Gerard., Brathwaite, A.E. (1998) Economic valuation of
the coastline???

19 Dixon, J. A., Scura, L. F., van't Hof, T. (1993) Meeting Ecological
and Economic???

20 Dixon, J. A. (1993) Economic Benefits of Marine Prot???..

21 Dixon, J.A.; Scura, L.F., et al.an't Hof (1995) "Ecology and
Microeconomics as???.

22 Downie, D.L. et al. (1996) Protecting coral reefs in Aqaba: ???.

23 Driml, S. (1999) Dollar Values and Trends of Major ???.

24 Driml, Sally. (1994) Protection for Profit: Economic ???.

25 English, D. B. K., Kriesel, et al. (1996) Economic Contribution of
Recreation..

26 Farrow, Scott (1996) Marine protected areas: emerging ???

27 Fernandes (1995) Integrating economic, environmental ???.

28 Font, Antoni Riera (2000) "Mass Tourism and the Demand ???

29 GEF/UNDP/IMO (1999) Total economic valuation: coastal ???

30 Goodman, S.L.,Seabrooke, W., et al. (1998) Considering Conservation
Value in ???

30a Graham, T. (1998) The Value of Diving and the Impact of Coral
bleaching......

31 Gustavson, K. R. (2001) Economic Production from the ???

32 Gustavson, K.R. (1998) Values Associated with the Local ???

33 Gustavson, K., Richard, M. H., et al. (2000) Integrated Coastal Zone
???..

34 Hatcher, A.I., Wright,G.D.,Hatcher, B.G. (1990) Resolving the
conflict between ???.

35 Hawkins, J.P.//Roberts, C.M. (1993) Effects of recreational scuba
diving???.

36 Hoagland et al. (1995) A methodological review of net ???

37 Hodgson, G.//Dixon, J. (1988) Logging Versus Fisheries and ???.

38 Hodgson, Gregor and Dixon, John A. (1992) "Sedimentation Damage to
Marine ???.

39 Hundloe, T.A, Vanclay, F.M., Carter, M. (1987) Economic and
Socio-Economic ???.

40 Hundloe, Tor (1990) Measuring the Value of the Great ???.

41 Johns, G. M, Leeworthy, V. R. et al. (2001) Socioeconomic Study of
Reefs in ???

42 King, Kenneth//Giesen, Wim (1997) Incremental costs of wetland ???.

43 King, Oliver (1995) Esimating the value of marine ???.

44 Kinhill Economics (1997) Dollar Values and Trends of Major ???.

45 Leeworthy, V. R.Vanasse, P. (1999) Economic Contribution of ???.

46 Leeworthy, V. R. Wiley, P. C. (1997) A Socioeconomic Analysis of the
???.

47 Leeworthy, V. R. Wiley, P. C. (2000) Proposed Tortugas 2000 ???.

48 Leeworthy, V. R.//Wiley, P. C. (1996) Importance and satisfaction
ratings ???.

49 Leeworthy, Vernon R. (1991) Recreational Use Value for John ???.

50 Leeworthy, Vernon R. Bowker, J. M. (1997) Nonmarket Economic User
Values???.

51 Lipton, D. W.Wellman, K. F. (1995) Economic valuation of natural ???.

52 Mathieu, L. (1998) The economic value of marine ???.

53 McAllister, Don E. (1988) Environmental, Economic and ???.

54 McClanahan (1999) Is there a future for coral reef???.

55 McManus, JW (1992) Social and Economic Aspects ???.

56 McManus, JW (?) Future Prospects for Artificial ???.

57 Medio, D.,Ormond, R.,Pearson, M. (?) Effect of briefings on rates of
???.

58 Moberg, F.; Folke, C. (1999) "Ecological Goods and Services???.

59 Moncur, J.E.T. (?) The value of recreation areas???

60 Ngazy, Z.M.  et al. (2001) Recreational coral bleaching and the ???

61 Othman, J. (2001) Estimating the recreational benefits???.

62 Peachy, A. (1998) An economic analysis of water???.

63 Pendleton, L.H. (1995) Valuing coral reef protection

64 Pet, J.S. et al. (1997) Catch, effort and sampling strategies ???

65 Pet-Soede, C., H.Cesar, J.S. Pet (1999) An economic analysis of bla
st fishing???

66 Pham, K.N.//Tran, T.H.S. (2001) Analysis of the recreational value
of???

67 Polunin, N.V.C, C.M. Roberts (1993) Greater biomass and value of
target???.

68 Rijsberman, F. Westmacott, S. (2000) Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of
Coral ???.

69 Riopelle, Mark (1995) The Economic Valuation of Coral ???.

70 Rudd, M.A. Tupper, M.H. (2002) The impact of Nassau Grouper size???.

71 Rudd, M.A. (2001) The non-extractive economic value???.

72 Rudd, M.A. et al. (?) Are marine protected areas in the ???.

73 Ruitenbeek, J. et al. (?) Interventions for coral reef???.

74 Ruitenbeek, J. et al. (1999) Optimization of economic policies???.

75 Sawyer, D. (1992) Taka Bone Rate: Management, ???

76 SeenPrachawong, U. (2001) An economic analysis of coral ???

77 SeenPrachawong, U. (?) Putting a price on paradise:???

78 Spash, Clive, et al. (2000) Lexicographic Preferences and ???

79 Spurgeon, James P. G. (1992) The Economic Valuation of Coral Reefs

80 Spurgeon, James P. G. (1998) The socio-economic costs and???.

81 Stoll, John R. Ditton, Robert B. (2002) Sport Diving and It's
Economic???.

82 Subade, R.F. and W.L. Campos (1999) Valuation of coral reef systems:
???.

83 Sudara, S. et al. (?) Tourism for economic gain in the ???.

84 Tabata, R.S. Reynolds, E. (1995) Hawaii's recreational dive
industry:???.

85 Usher, Gramham (1997) How much are Indonesia's reefs worth?

86 Vogt, H. (?) The economic benefits of tourism ???.

87 Weber et al. (1996) Managing a coral reef ecosystem in ???.

88 Westmacott, S//Rijsberman, F. (2000) Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of
Coral ???.

89 White, Alan T., Barker, et al. (1997) Using Integrated Coastal
Management???

90 White, A.T.; Vogt, H.P. et al. (2000) "Philippine Coral Reefs Under
Threat:???

91 White, Alan (1989)Two community-based marine???.

92 White, Alan (1987) Coral Reefs: Valuable resources???.

93 Wilkinson et al. (1999) Ecological and socio-economic???

94 Wright, Matthew G. (1994) "An Economic Analysis of Coral ???.

95 Yeo, B.H. (2001) The recreational benefits of coral???.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Best regards,

Herman Cesar

~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .


From sjameson at coralseas.com  Mon Dec  9 13:14:42 2002
From: sjameson at coralseas.com (Stephen C Jameson)
Date: Mon, 9 Dec 2002 13:14:42 -0500
Subject: The Three Screen Doors
Message-ID: <mailman.715.1354545826.29604.coral-list-old@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Dear Coral-Listers,

Just a note to let you know the article:

Jameson SC, Tupper MH, Ridley J (2002) The three screen doors: can
marine
"protected" areas be effective? Marine Pollution Bulletin
44(11):1177-1183.

is now out in the November issue of the Marine Pollution Bulletin.

If you would like a reprint or PDF version via email please let me know.

Abstract

The great majority of marine protected areas (MPAs) fail to meet their
management objectives. So MPAs can be effective conservation tools, we
recommend two paradigm shifts, the first related to how they are located
and the second related to how they are managed. MPAs are unlikely to be
effective if they are located in areas that are subject to numerous, and
often uncontrollable, external stressors from atmospheric, terrestrial,
and oceanic sources, all of which can degrade the environment and
compromise protection. MPA effectiveness is also limited by low
institutional and community capacity for management and inappropriate
size with respect to ecological needs. In particular, the check list
approach to management does not ensure that key threats are dealt with,
or that management expenditures provide a quantifiable return. We
recommend a business planning approach to MPA management, in which
managers focus on the viability of the management system, i.e. the
ability of the MPA to provide ecological goods and services to its
target
users over the long term.

Best regards,

Dr. Stephen C. Jameson, President
Coral Seas Inc. - Integrated Coastal Zone Management
4254 Hungry Run Road, The Plains, VA  20198-1715  USA
Office:  703-754-8690, Fax:  703-754-9139
Email:  sjameson at coralseas.com
Web Site:  www.coralseas.com
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .


From emueller at mote.org  Tue Dec 10 10:38:35 2002
From: emueller at mote.org (Erich Mueller)
Date: Tue, 10 Dec 2002 10:38:35 -0500
Subject: Course Announcement
Message-ID: <mailman.716.1354545826.29604.coral-list-old@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Advanced Courses in Tropical Marine Sciences
Mote Marine Laboratory's Center for Tropical Research
12-20 July, 2003

The following course is being offered for advanced undergraduates and
graduate students. Working professionals desiring to gain current
information in these topic areas are also encouraged to apply. The
course will be limited to 12 students.

*************************************************************************

Diseases of Corals and Other Reef Organisms

 Esther C. Peters, Ph.D., Tetra Tech, Inc.
 Robert B. Jonas, Ph.D.George Mason University

Description: During the last two decades, the potential for severe
impacts
to coral reef populations and communities from the effects of various
diseases has been recognized. Diseases have been described affecting
corals, fish, coralline algae, and sea urchins, sometimes with
wide-ranging effects. This course will introduce students to the field
of
pathobiology of marine organisms. The focus of lectures, dives and
laboratory sessions will be on diseases affecting hard corals, but
information will also be presented on diseases of other reef organisms.
Methods of studying diseases will include collection of field monitoring
data and physiological, histological and microbiological techniques. The
course will provide students with a state-of-the-art overview of reef
pathobiology, experience with relevant techniques, and an understanding
of
the need for a multidisciplinary approach to its study.

Prerequisites: College level biology courses and SCUBA certification are
required. Divers must meet AAUS standards for "Diver-in-Training"
status.
This includes medical clearance, completion of forms and acceptance by
the
Mote Marine Laboratory Diving Safety Officer. Divers coming from AAUS
institutions will need a letter of reciprocity from their Dive Safety
Officer attesting to their dive status. All divers will have an in-water
check-out prior to final approval for course diving. Courses in
invertebrate zoology, microbiology, ecology, chemistry, biochemistry,
physiology, histology or marine sciences will be very helpful.

Credit: Mote Marine Laboratory does not offer credit, however, it may be
possible to arrange credit through your home institution for directed
studies, research courses, etc. Consult your faculty advisor. It is also
possible to obtain 3 credit hours from George Mason University, Fairfax,
VA. For information on credit requirements, contact Dr. Peters
(epeters2 at gmu.edu) and contact Dr. Jonas (rjonas at gmu.edu)concerning
registration procedures and tuition fees.

Costs: The course fee of $1,100.00 US includes all course materials,
accommodations, meals (dinner, 7/12 through breakfast on 7/20), SCUBA
costs
and weights. Participants should provide mask, fins and snorkel and, if
diving, their own regulator, BCD and weight belt (rentals can be
arranged
if required).

Key  Dates
 28 March, 2003 Application receipt deadline.
 18 April, 2003 Email notification of acceptance and packets, including
                dive forms, mailed out.
  2 May,   2003 Deposit ($300.00) receipt date.
 13 June,  2003 Last day to withdraw with deposit refund. Balance and
                dive forms due.
 12 July,  2003 Course starts.

The application form may be printed (or copied and emailed) from our
Website:

          http://www.mote.org/~emueller/ctrhome.phtml

For more information or to submit applications, contact:

        Course Director                 email: ctr-info at mote.org
        Mote Marine Laboratory
        Center for Tropical Research
        24244 Overseas Highway
        Summerland Key, FL 33042

<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

Erich Mueller, Ph.D., Director      Phone: (305) 745-2729
Mote Marine Laboratory              FAX:   (305) 745-2730
Center for Tropical Research        Email: emueller at mote.org
24244 Overseas Highway (US 1)
Summerland Key, FL   33042

Center Website-> http://www.mote.org/~emueller/CTRHome.phtml

Mote Marine Laboratory Website-> http://www.mote.org

Remarks are personal opinion and do not reflect institutional
policy unless so indicated.

<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .


From moonwrasse2001 at yahoo.co.uk  Tue Dec 10 11:22:13 2002
From: moonwrasse2001 at yahoo.co.uk (moonwrasse2001 at yahoo.co.uk)
Date: Tue, 10 Dec 2002 11:22:13 -0500
Subject: Request for Photographs
Message-ID: <mailman.717.1354545826.29604.coral-list-old@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

We would be very grateful for any photographs on the following topics.
We are developing some public information materials for distribution to
our member dive centres so we would require permission by you to use
these photos. If you could attach low resolution images to an email and
then at a later date perhaps we could arrange transfer of a larger file
or negatives. Of course we would credit any pictures used.

Thanks in advance

Underwater pictures of snorkellers trampling on the reef or walking over
the reef table.
Pictures of Reef Fish and Invertebrates for Sale
Pictures of reef curios for sale
Beaches or underwater scene strewn with plastic rubbish
A beach or underwater clean-up group
Anchors on the reef
A cut open shark stuffed with plastic bags
A turtle eating a plastic bag
Any other amazing images you want exposure for.

William Templeman
The Moonwrasse Programme
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .


From adaley at coral.org  Thu Dec 12 10:34:17 2002
From: adaley at coral.org (Anita Daley)
Date: Thu, 12 Dec 2002 10:34:17 -0500
Subject: Coral mining in Okinawa, Japan
Message-ID: <mailman.718.1354545826.29604.coral-list-old@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Hello Listers,

I am wondering if anyone has any environmental impact data on harvesting
coral from "above the sea" in Okinawa, Japan (also known as Sango
Coral).  More specifically, I am wondering if the process of mining
coral calcium from dead coral (that is harvested from the land) harms
the living reefs.

Data on the process of vacuuming broken off coral from the ground around
live reefs (below water) would be great as well.  There are a lot of
coral calcium retailer web sites that say this vacuuming process is
actually good for the reef, helping the reefs "grow faster" but I'm
picturing sediment issues, disturbance of habitat and other potential
side effects of this vacuuming.

I know the topic of coral mining went around a while ago and my
apologies if this is a revisited subject.  Any leads and/or contacts
would be much appreciated.

Thanks,

Anita Daley

Ps-  the Status of Coral Reefs of the World: 2002 was just released.
Here's
the link:
<http://www.aims.gov.au/pages/research/coral-bleaching/scr2002/scr-00.html>

___________________________________________________________

Anita Daley
International Coral Reef Information Network (ICRIN) Manager
The Coral Reef Alliance (CORAL)
417 Montgomery Street, Suite 205
San Francisco, California 94104 USA
Tel: (415) 834-0900, ext. 313
Fax: (415) 834-0999

"Working together to keep coral reefs alive."

CORAL site <http://www.coral.org>
ICRIN site: <http://www.coralreef.org>
___________________________________________________________

Have you updated your organization's information in our on-line
"International Directory of Coral Reef Organizations" database?  Please
do!
This is a free resource for non profit groups, scientists, international
institutions/agencies, funders and educators who work on coral reef (and
related ecosystems) issues.  Please visit:
http://directory.coralreef.org/
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .


From stevekolian at cox.net  Fri Dec 13 08:09:45 2002
From: stevekolian at cox.net (stevekolian)
Date: Fri, 13 Dec 2002 08:09:45 -0500
Subject: Oil rigs produce fish, coral, live rock, and endangered species
Message-ID: <mailman.719.1354545826.29604.coral-list-old@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

habitat
Sender: owner-coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: list

Dear Listers,

We collected still photos from videos filmed below offshore oil and gas
=
platforms in Gulf of Mexico and put them on the website below. The =
videos contain many interesting events. We tried to pick some still =
photos from the video that represent our findings. Someday we'll post =
the videos on the site.=20

  http://www.towersoflife.com/ecorigs

The photos demonstrate that coral, protected invertebrates,  ~30 species
=
of federally managed fish, and endangered sea turtles colonize offshore
=
platforms in significant numbers. We have recorded 7 species of =
Damselfish Pomacentridae which are laying eggs on the platforms and =
because of the location of the platforms, the fish rely on the =
artificial structures for the duration of the lives.  We are observing a
=
large and diverse community of Caribbean fish and invertebrates.

The interesting point is that there are no natural reef recruitment =
areas near the platforms on film. They exist on thousands of sq miles of
=
turbid ocean floor.  Its possible that larvae may drift to the platforms
=
from the Flower Gardens, however it is unlikely that adult obligatory =
reef species are traveling 50-100 km to these platforms.=20

We are finding that platforms are serving as a surrogate nesting grounds
=
to the drifting larvae of several species of Wrasse Labridae, =
Parrotfishes Scaridae, Butterflyfish Chaetodontidae, Anglefish =
Pomacanthidae, and Surgeonfish Acanthuridae. We are recording =
post-larval, juveniles, and large populations of adults.

There is much more, please take a look and click on http://

www.towersoflife.com/ecorigs

If you have any questions or you see any mistakes, please inform me by =
email:

Best Regards,

Steve Kolian
Environmental Scientist Rm 5514
Louisiana Dept of Environmental Quality
P.O. Box 82178=20
Baton Rouge, Louisiana  70884-2178
225-765-0339 work
225-292-9514 home
steve_k at deq.state.la.us
stevekolian at cox.net
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .


From jim.hendee at noaa.gov  Fri Dec 13 09:53:16 2002
From: jim.hendee at noaa.gov (Jim Hendee)
Date: Fri, 13 Dec 2002 09:53:16 -0500
Subject: NOAA Economic Statistics Book link
Message-ID: <mailman.720.1354545826.29604.coral-list-old@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Greetings,

    I thought you'd be interested in looking at the following
publication, the NOAA Economic Statistics Book, which has many useful
statistics that you can use in your research and publications:

    http://www.publicaffairs.noaa.gov/worldsummit/pdfs/economicstats.pdf

    Cheers,
    Jim

~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .


From zingmark at biol.sc.edu  Fri Dec 13 12:14:35 2002
From: zingmark at biol.sc.edu (Richard Zingmark)
Date: Fri, 13 Dec 2002 12:14:35 -0500
Subject: coral reef courses announcement
Message-ID: <mailman.721.1354545826.29604.coral-list-old@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

ANNOUNCEMENT!

CORAL REEF FIELD COURSES
OFFERED BY THE UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA

SUMMER SESSION 1 (JUNE 3 - JULY 3, 2003)

MARINE SCIENCE (BIOLOGY) 577 - Ecology of Coral Reefs (4 hours)
                      Dick  Zingmark, Professor
(Prerequisite: consent of instructor). Structure, productivity,
biological diversity, and geographic distribution of coral reef,
seagrass, and mangrove communities, with emphasis on their sensitivity,
stability, and sustainability. Five lecture hours per week plus daily
field-laboratory exercises.

MARINE SCIENCE 585  - Coastal Tropical Oceanography (4 hours)
                    Bjorn  Kjerfve, Professor
(Prerequisite: consent of instructor).  Descriptive oceanography of
mangrove and coral reef coasts with emphasis on physical processes.

WANT A DIFFERENT KIND OF SUMMER SCHOOL EXPERIENCE?  HOW ABOUT A 8 HOURS
OF MAJOR CREDIT COURSES THAT COMBINE CLASSROOM LECTURES WITH FIELD
LABORATORY AND RESEARCH EXPERIENCES AT A PREMIER CARIBBEAN REEF
LOCATION?  SUCH EXPERIENCES ARE POSSIBLE, IF YOU REGISTER FOR BIOL OR
MSCI 577 AND MSCI 585 DURING SUMMER 1.  LECTURES WILL BE GIVEN ON CAMPUS
AT THE UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA, COLUMBIA FOR 2 WEEKS, FOLLOWED BY A
2 WEEK FIELD TRIP TO AKUMAL, MEXICO (YUCATAN PENNINSULA).

COSTS:  The cost for enrollment in this program is expected to be $1,500
plus University of South Carolina tuition and laboratory/technology
fees. The course fee covers round trip air travel from Columbia, local
transportation, room, board, diving and other course expenses at our
destination. All USC students, regardless of which campus they normally
attend, must register for these summer courses through the Columbia
campus. Currently, summer tuition for undergraduates at USC-Columbia is
$178 per credit hour for residents of South Carolina, $457 per credit
hour for non-residents and $244 per credit hour for non-resident
scholarship recipient. Current tuition for resident and non-resident
graduate students is $209 and $443 per credit hour respectively, and a
total per semester cost of $389 for graduate assistants. An additional
$41 will be assessed each student for each course to cover mandatory USC
laboratory and technology fees.

SCUBA AND SNORKELING OPPORTUNITIES:  SCUBA diving and snorkeling
opportunities will be part of the field experience.  SCUBA certification
is required for diving but is not a prerequisite for nor a requirement
of the courses.  Students interested in diving are urged to complete an
approved SCUBA certification course prior to 1 June.  Each snorkeling
participant is expected to bring a mask, snorkel, fins, and snorkeling
vest.  SCUBA participants must bring the above items plus regulator,
buoyancy compensator (BCD) weight belt, depth gauge, and underwater
watch.  Tanks, backpacks, and weights are furnished.

APPLICATION:  Participation in these courses is limited to 18 students;
thus, early application is urged. A check deposit of $500 must accompany
applications due on Friday, February 14, 2003. Space in the courses
cannot be guaranteed to late applicants, although late applications will
be considered until spaces are filled. Checks should be made payable to
the University of South Carolina and mailed/given to Ms Shannon Gilbert,
Marine Science Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
29208. Deposits will be refunded if the course is canceled for some
unlikely, unforeseen reason. Deposits are otherwise not refundable if a
student at a later date decides not to enroll in the courses. The $1,000
balance of the enrollment fee is due on or before 3 May. In the unlikely
event that air fares or other field fees increase significantly before
our departure, a surcharge may be added. Tuition and lab fees will be
billed separately by the Office of Records and Registration at the
University of South Carolina.  Surplus funds remaining after course
expenditures are satisfied will be used to subsidize future coral reef
courses.

FURTHER INFORMATION: Contact Dr. Richard Zingmark at (803) 777-4873, his
office (EWS 601), or zingmark at sc.edu , or Dr. Bjorn Kjerfve at (803)
777-2572, his office (EWS 508), or bjorn at msci.sc.edu

WEB SITE:  http://www.msci.sc.edu/Classes/SumI2003.asp
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .


From richardl at fiu.edu  Fri Dec 13 14:01:10 2002
From: richardl at fiu.edu (Laurie Richardson)
Date: Fri, 13 Dec 2002 14:01:10 -0500
Subject: White plague pathogen is a new genus
Message-ID: <mailman.722.1354545826.29604.coral-list-old@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

> Dear coral listers - for those interested in coral diseases, we have
> a new paper out in IJSEM (International Journal of Systematic and
> Evolutionary Microbiology) in which we describe the pathogen of white
> plague as a new bacterial genus (and species).  The link (from the
> IJSEM homepage, and fully citeable) is below.  Please note that the
> pathogen, described earlier as "most closely related to the genus
> Sphingomonas", has now been fully characterized and is formally called
> Aurantimonas coralicida.  Laurie Richardson

> Aurantimonas coralicida gen. nov., sp. nov., the causative agent of
> white plague type II on Caribbean scleractinian corals, by E. B. M.
> Denner, G. Smith, H.-J. Busse, P. Schumann, T. Narzt, S. W. Polson, W.
> Lubitz & L. L. Richardson. IJSEM Papers in Press, published online 13
> December 2002. DOI 10.1099/ijs.0.02359-0
>
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .


From McCarty_and_Peters at compuserve.com  Sat Dec 14 10:52:56 2002
From: McCarty_and_Peters at compuserve.com (McCarty and Peters)
Date: Sat, 14 Dec 2002 10:52:56 -0500
Subject: Coral Tissue Slide Reading Workshop
Message-ID: <mailman.723.1354545826.29604.coral-list-old@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Dear All,

A 3-day workshop on reading histoslides of coral tissues will be
presented following the course "Diseases of Corals and Other Reef
Organisms."

The workshop will be held at Mote Marine Laboratory's Center for
Tropical Research (CTR), Summerland Key, Florida.  It will begin on
Monday, July 21, and end on Wednesday, July 23, 2003.  These dates were
selected to accommodate travel plans for those who might be attending
the 7th International Conference on Coelenterate Biology (July 7-11) and
the disease course (July 12-20), although slight shifts in scheduling
might be possible.

Based on availability of microscopes, at this time the session is
limited to five participants.  Students attending the disease course
will be accepted first, then others.

Lecture and slide-reading sessions will alternate, to cover the
following
topics:

        Introduction to histology and histopathology

        Techniques for the preparation of coral tissues for
                light and electron microscopic examination

        Coral anatomy and histology

        Histopathology of diseased corals

Participants are encouraged to bring their own histoslides for
discussion.  Scleractinian corals will be the primary focus, but other
tropical cnidarian groups could also be discussed.

Cost of the workshop will be $460 for professionals and $320 for
students (includes instructor fee, materials, CTR daily lab fee).  Rooms
will be available at CTR for an additional $30 per night plus taxes.
The participant will be responsible for paying for all meals and travel
expenses to/from CTR.

Please let me know if you would like to participate in this workshop.
(DO NOT REPLY TO THE CORAL-LIST, send to:

        mccarty_and_peters at compuserve.com)

Esther Peters, Ph.D.
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .


From cshuman at ucla.edu  Mon Dec 16 13:19:18 2002
From: cshuman at ucla.edu (Craig Shuman)
Date: Mon, 16 Dec 2002 13:19:18 -0500
Subject: Aquarium Trade Monitoring at ITMEMS 2
Message-ID: <mailman.724.1354545826.29604.coral-list-old@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Dear all,

The recent postponement of ITMEMS 2 till March has given us the
opportunity to change the session previously entitle "Collection
Fisheries" to one that is focused exclusively on monitoring for the
marine aquarium trade.  We would like to use this opportunity to discuss
the monitoring program that has been developed for MAC certification and
how it is being applied to ensure the sustainable extraction of marine
ornamentals.

We welcome all interested parties to take part in this session as we
feel there is much to be learned from the international application of
the monitoring methods.  Please let me know if you are interested in
participating in this case study so I can make the appropriate
arrangements with the ITMEMS 2 organizing committee.  In addition,
please help distribute this message to other interested parties.

Thank you,
Craig Shuman

<><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><>
Craig Shuman
Reef Check Scientist

Reef Check-UCLA
Institute of the Environment
1362 Hershey Hall Box 95-1496
University of California at Los Angeles
Los Angeles, CA 90095-1496 USA

Tel: 310-869-6574               Fax: 310-825-0758
Email: cshuman at ucla.edu   Web: www.ReefCheck.org
--=====================
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .


From nquinn at uwimona.edu.jm  Tue Dec 17 11:07:47 2002
From: nquinn at uwimona.edu.jm (Norman Quinn)
Date: Tue, 17 Dec 2002 11:07:47 -0500
Subject: Tropical Biology Summer Field Course
Message-ID: <mailman.725.1354545826.29604.coral-list-old@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

I would like to invite list members wishing to learn more about tropical
invertebrates to consider participating in the course offered below. The
course is a 2nd year university level course.

                          Tropical Marine Invertebrate Biology

Discovery Bay Marine Laboratory
University of the West Indies
29 June - 14 July 2003

Faculty:  Prof. Peter F. Newell, Former Head of Dept of Biology,
University of the South Pacific
          Dr. Barbara L. Kojis, Division of Fish and Wildlife, Virgin
Islands
          Dr. Norman J. Quinn, Discovery Bay Marine Lab, University of
the West Indies
          Dr. George F. Warner, Center for Marine Science, University of
the West Indies

Course Aims:

            To increase students' knowledge of the biology and
biodiversity of marine invertebrate animals and of methodologies for
marine biological fieldwork through intensive, direct experience. At the
end of the course the students will be able to identify marine species
within a range of invertebrate phyla. They will understand aspects of
the biological relationships between these species and their
environments and will be able to apply field and laboratory techniques
to study these relationships. They will become proficient at scientific
record keeping.

Instruction by a widely experienced faculty will be by extensive
fieldwork, lectures, and laboratory practicals. This is a 4 credit 2nd
year University of the West Indies course and may be transferable to
other universities.

Application:

            The course is open to undergraduates and graduates who have
taken at least one year of biology - invertebrate zoology and ecology
are recommended. All students must be confident of their swimming
skills. Students with scuba certification are encouraged to enroll and
will be able to utilize those skills in field activities. Applications
should include a cover letter with a paragraph describing why you are
interested in the course, transcripts, and two letters of
recommendation. Applications will be reviewed on 20 April 2003. Late
applications will be considered if space permits. Applications may
either be sent by post or email. Scholarships are available to assist
those who have trouble meeting the full tuition fees.

Facilities:

            The Discovery Bay Marine Laboratory is a research and
teaching institution of the University of the West Indies, ideally
located for studies of coral reef environments. It has easy access to a
shallow-water lagoon, rocky shores, shallow and deep coral reefs and
fossil Pleistocene coral reefs. Diving equipment includes scuba tanks,
several boats, compressors, a double lock hyperbaric chamber, digital
imaging lab, wet lab, several dry labs, library and workshops.
Accommodations include a 10 room dormitory and apartment block. Research
space is available to investigators, students and courses from other
institutions. For details of fees and space availability contact:

Norman J. Quinn, Ph.D.
Discovery Bay Marine Laboratory
PO Box 35
Discovery Bay, St. Ann
Jamaica

phone + (876) 973-2241
fax   +(876) 973-3091

replay nquinn at uwimona.edu.jm
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .


From Lindsey.C.Williams at noaa.gov  Tue Dec 17 11:49:25 2002
From: Lindsey.C.Williams at noaa.gov (Lindsey C Williams)
Date: Tue, 17 Dec 2002 11:49:25 -0500
Subject: Contact information for Cruz Matos
Message-ID: <mailman.726.1354545826.29604.coral-list-old@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Hello-

I am currently trying to track down an address for Cruz Matos, one of
the authors of the Puerto Rico report in The State of Coral Reef
Ecosystems of the US and Pacific Freely Associated States: 2002.  I seem
to have exhausted all my leads so far.  Please contact me if you have a
mailing address or an e-mail address.  Thank you for your help.

Best,
Lindsey

Lindsey Williams
Coral Reef Conservation Program
NOAA's National Ocean Service
Lindsey.C.Williams at noaa.gov
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .


From mtupper at guam.uog.edu  Wed Dec 18 07:54:34 2002
From: mtupper at guam.uog.edu (Mark Tupper)
Date: Wed, 18 Dec 2002 07:54:34 -0500
Subject: pelagic larval durations of reef fish
Message-ID: <mailman.727.1354545826.29604.coral-list-old@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Apologies for cross-postings.

Dear Listers,

I am looking for information on pelagic larval durations for the
following species.  Due to the passage of Supertyphoon Pongsona, our
library is currently closed, so any information you could provide would
be most helpful.

Mulloidichthys flavolineatus
Parupeneus multifasciatus
Acanthurus lineatus
Acanthurus triostegus
Naso lituratus


Also, if anyone has any information on the fecundity of the two
goatfishes, that would be useful as well.

Thanks for your time,

Mark Tupper

Dr. Mark Tupper, Assistant Professor
Chair, Graduate Program in Biology
University of Guam Marine Laboratory
UOG Station, Mangilao, Guam 96923, USA
tel (671) 735-2185; fax (671) 734-6767
http://www.uog.edu/marinelab/tupper.html

Coordinator, Marine Protected Areas Research Group
http://www.uog.edu/marinelab/mpa/index.html
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .


From jim.hendee at noaa.gov  Wed Dec 18 11:38:30 2002
From: jim.hendee at noaa.gov (Jim Hendee)
Date: Wed, 18 Dec 2002 11:38:30 -0500
Subject: Land-Based Sources of Pollution
Message-ID: <mailman.728.1354545826.29604.coral-list-old@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Dear Coral-Listers,

    At the 8th Meeting of the U.S. Coral Reef Task Force (USCRTF),
October 2-3, 2002 (San Juan, Puerto Rico), the USCRTF adopted seven
resolutions (see http://coralreef.gov/dec2002.cfm), the first of which
was "Improving Procedures of the U.S. Coral Reef Task Force."  Realizing
that one of the procedures was a need to prioritize the 13 goals
originally stipulated in the Coral Reef National Action Plan (see
http://coralreef.gov/CRTFAxnPlan9.PDF), they decided the following areas
should be endorsed as Focus Areas for 2003-2006:

    a. Land-based Sources of Pollution
    b. Overfishing
    c. Lack of Public Awareness (focus on user groups)
    d. Recreational Overuse and Misuse
    e-1. Climate Change and Coral Bleaching, and e-2. Disease

    Considering more than half of the U.S. population (141 million
people) resides within 50 miles of a coast*, it is obvious that
"Land-based Sources of Pollution" is well-placed in this list.

    As informed and concientious researchers and protectors of the coral
reef environment, I am hoping that you can help to better identify these
land-based sources of pollution and perhaps help to formulate means of
correcting or identifying specific problem areas (but mainly US coral
reefs).  Thus, with this message I am hoping to generate a thread that
will be of use to those in the USCRTF that can draw upon your
expertise.  Such a thread, if successful, will be posted on the CHAMP
(http://www.coral.noaa.gov) and NOAA CoRIS (Coral Reef Information
System, http://www.coris.noaa.gov) Web Pages.  Also, if these threads
are successfully generated, perhaps we can continue on down the list
with the other Focus Areas (but let's just stick to this one, for now).

    Many thanks, and Happy Holidays!

    Cheers,
    Jim Hendee
    coral-list admin
~~~~
*  Trends in U.S. Coastal Regions, 1970-1998: Addendum to the
Proceedings, Trends and Future Challenges for U.S. National Ocean and
Coastal Policy, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).
August 1999.
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .


From brosov at TNC.ORG  Wed Dec 18 12:13:16 2002
From: brosov at TNC.ORG (Brad Rosov)
Date: Wed, 18 Dec 2002 12:13:16 -0500
Subject: Land-Based Sources of Pollution
Message-ID: <mailman.729.1354545826.29604.coral-list-old@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

An obvious land based source of pollution would be poorly treated
sewage.  At least one previous study in the Florida Keys (Rose et al.,
1999) have cited high levels of enterococcus bacteria and viral
pathogens in canal waters.  It was strongly suspected that the source
stemmed from leaky septic tanks built upon the porous limestone
foundation of the Keys.  Preliminary results from a similar study was
released today (see keysnews.com) in local Florida Keys newspapers.
This study, conducted by The Nature Conservancy, showed that extremely
high levels of enterococcus bacteria were present in canals immediately
following a heavy rain event.  It is theorized that accumulated
wastewater can be flushed out following a heavy rain or high tidal
surge.  I do not know of any direct effects of sewage on the coral reef
tract, however there seems to be that possibility.

Brad Rosov
Marine Conservation Program Manager
The Nature Conservancy of the Florida Keys
brosov at tnc.org <mailto:brosov at tnc.org>
(305) 745-8402 office
(305) 304-6275 cell

-----Original Message-----
From: owner-coral-list at aoml.noaa.gov
[mailto:owner-coral-list at aoml.noaa.gov]On Behalf Of Jim Hendee
Sent: Wednesday, December 18, 2002 11:38 AM
To: coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Land-Based Sources of Pollution

Dear Coral-Listers,

    At the 8th Meeting of the U.S. Coral Reef Task Force (USCRTF),
October 2-3, 2002 (San Juan, Puerto Rico), the USCRTF adopted seven
resolutions (see http://coralreef.gov/dec2002.cfm), the first of which
was "Improving Procedures of the U.S. Coral Reef Task Force."  Realizing
that one of the procedures was a need to prioritize the 13 goals
originally stipulated in the Coral Reef National Action Plan (see
http://coralreef.gov/CRTFAxnPlan9.PDF), they decided the following areas
should be endorsed as Focus Areas for 2003-2006:

    a. Land-based Sources of Pollution
    b. Overfishing
    c. Lack of Public Awareness (focus on user groups)
    d. Recreational Overuse and Misuse
    e-1. Climate Change and Coral Bleaching, and e-2. Disease

    Considering more than half of the U.S. population (141 million
people) resides within 50 miles of a coast*, it is obvious that
"Land-based Sources of Pollution" is well-placed in this list.

    As informed and concientious researchers and protectors of the coral
reef environment, I am hoping that you can help to better identify these
land-based sources of pollution and perhaps help to formulate means of
correcting or identifying specific problem areas (but mainly US coral
reefs).  Thus, with this message I am hoping to generate a thread that
will be of use to those in the USCRTF that can draw upon your
expertise.  Such a thread, if successful, will be posted on the CHAMP
(http://www.coral.noaa.gov) and NOAA CoRIS (Coral Reef Information
System, http://www.coris.noaa.gov) Web Pages.  Also, if these threads
are successfully generated, perhaps we can continue on down the list
with the other Focus Areas (but let's just stick to this one, for now).

    Many thanks, and Happy Holidays!

    Cheers,
    Jim Hendee
    coral-list admin
~~~~
*  Trends in U.S. Coastal Regions, 1970-1998: Addendum to the
Proceedings, Trends and Future Challenges for U.S. National Ocean and
Coastal Policy, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).
August 1999.
~~~~~~~
For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .


From Bprecht at pbsj.com  Wed Dec 18 16:11:27 2002
From: Bprecht at pbsj.com (Precht, Bill)
Date: Wed, 18 Dec 2002 16:11:27 -0500
Subject: FW: New study finds Keys canals polluted (two stories)
Message-ID: <mailman.730.1354545826.29604.coral-list-old@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Subject: New study finds Keys canals polluted (two stories).

Dear Coral- List:

Below are copies of the news articles that Brad mentioned in his earlier
email.

Happy holidays...

Bill

William F. Precht
Ecological Sciences Program Manager
PBS&J
Miami

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

The Key West Citizen, www.keysnews.com

Nature Conservancy study reveals contaminated Keys canals

BY MANDY BOLEN
keysnews.com

The idyllic scenario of a home on a canal became less than picture
perfect
this week when scientists from The Nature Conservancy released the
results
of water quality testing conducted on 17 canals from Boca Chica to Key
Largo.

The tests showed extremely high levels of enterococcus bacteria in 10 of
the
17 sites immediately after the heavy rains of Dec. 9 and 10.

The Environmental Protection Agency has established a guideline of 104
colony-forming units of enterococcus as an acceptable level in 100
milliliters of water.

Four Keys canals showed more than 2,000 CFUs, with the canal at
Saddlebunch
Keys in the Bay Point subdivision registering 9,139 CFUs.

The same sites averaged significantly less enterococcus bacteria in
August,
September and October when the highest reading of 384 CFUs was taken at
the
canal on Cudjoe Key at Cutthroat Estates. The 17 sites were selected to
provide a cross-section of various types of canal structures throughout
the
Keys.

"It is not surprising to see elevated bacterial levels after heavy
rains,
but the magnitude of contamination following last week's rainfall was
startling," said Brad Rosov, the marine conservation program manager for
The
Nature Conservancy.

Rosov also explained that enterococcus itself is not necessarily
harmful,
and is found in both humans and animals. It is, however, an indicator of
viral pathogens that are harmful.

The spike in contamination after rain has long been thought to be caused
by
an accumulation of wastewater in dry ground, which is then flushed out
into
the water by heavy rains, said Jody Thomas, director of the
conservancy's
South Florida and Florida Keys programs.

With the contamination identified, The Nature Conservancy will now work
to
locate its source and determine whether the contaminants are coming from
humans or animals as the next step of the testing program known as
Florida
Keys Watch.

It is very likely that the pollution could be coming from leaking sewer
pipes that allow the wastewater to seep into the ground, Rosov said.

The conservancy hopes to know the source of the contamination in
January,
Thomas said.

"And if it appears to be coming from human waste and wastewater, then
our
recommendation would be, as always, to have the county make significant
progress in infrastructure improvements," Thomas said, supporting the
installation of Advanced Wastewater Treatment to limit pollutants.

As for the safety of the contaminated canals, Dr. Jake Rutherford,
administrator of the Monroe County Health Department, said that his
agency
does not officially have jurisdiction over canals, and he cannot issue
advisories about areas that the health department did not test.

Rutherford did, however, commend The Nature Conservancy for its testing
initiatives, and said that he, as a private citizen, would not swim in
the
contaminated canals. He also applauded the conservancy for taking steps
to
inform residents of the areas near the canals of the test results and
their
implications.

mbolen at keysnews.com

The canals in the following locations were tested for bacteria last week
with the following results.

The EPA has set a guideline of 104 colony-forming units as an
acceptable,
although not perfect, level in 100 milliliters of water.

Boca Chica, Boca Chica Ocean Shores -- 8,527 CFUs

Big Coppitt, Porpoise Point -- 5,497 CFUs

Saddlebunch Keys, Bay Point Subdivision -- 9,139 CFUs

Sugarloaf Key, Sugarloaf Shores -- 3,282 CFUs

Cudjoe Key, Cudjoe Gardens -- 394 CFUs

Cudjoe Key, Cutthroat Estates -- 521 CFUs

Big Pine Key, Eden Pines -- 97 CFUs

Big Pine Key, Whispering Pines -- 140 CFUs

Marathon, 27th Avenue -- 10 CFUs

Marathon, Dolphin Drive -- 52 CFUs

Duck Key -- 10 CFUs

Conch Key -- 52 CFUs

Port Antigua -- 30 CFUs

Tavernier, Banyan Lane -- 412 CFUs

Key Largo, Rock Harbour -- 85 CFUs

Key Largo, Pimlico Lane -- 335 CFUs

Key Largo, Sexton Cove Estates -- 2,459 CFUs

----------------------------------------------------------------------------
----
This story published on Wed, Dec 18, 2002

http://www.keysnews.com/276577435031370.bsp.htm

Florida Keys Keynoter, www.keynoter.com

Publication Date: Wednesday, December 18, 2002

----------------------------------------------------------------------------
----

Another study points to sewage in canals
More testing planned

A Nature Conservancy program designed to shed light on water quality in
Keys
canals shows extremely high levels of enterococcus bacteria in canals
after
recent rains, according to the environmental group.

Conservancy members said that since August, the group has been testing
canal
water every two weeks at 17 sites throughout the Keys. The program,
known as
Florida Keys Watch, calls for water samples to be measured for
enterococcus
bacteria, dissolved oxygen, salinity and temperature levels.

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has set a recommended guideline
of
104 "colony forming units" of enterococci per 100 milliliters of water.
Samples taken after last week's heavy rains showed levels as high as
9,139
per 100 milliliters of water, according to the Conservancy.

During the first three months of sampling during the dry season, the
Nature
Conservancy found about 18 percent of the 17 sites averaged more than
104
CFU. Samples collected after last week's heavy rains showed 59 percent
were
above that level, some bacterial levels registering into the thousands.

"It is not surprising to see elevated bacterial levels after heavy
rains,
but the magnitude of contamination observed following last week's
rainfall
was startling," said Brad Rosov, marine conservation program manager for
The
Nature Conservancy.

Letters with the test results are being sent to residents who live where
the
samples were taken, the Monroe County Health Department, the EPA and the
state Department of Environmental Protection.

Florida Keys Watch is a two-part water quality testing program that was
started to determine the levels of bacteria in Keys canals and locate
the
source of the contamination through viral pathogen screening.

"People have asked legitimate questions about whether humans were part
of
the water-quality problem in the Keys. Florida Keys Watch was started to
answer those questions," said Jody Thomas, director of the South
Florida/Keys program of The Nature Conservancy.

In early January, the Conservancy will select the six sites that
demonstrate
the highest continuous levels of enterococcus bacteria to be screened
further for the presence of viral pathogens. By documenting the presence
of
viral pathogens, scientists can determine whether human waste is the
source
of the bacteria contamination, Thomas said.

The test results released this week are a follow-up to a 1999 University
of
South Florida study that found viral pathogens were linked to human
waste in
Keys canals.

About the canal program

Following are details about The Nature Conservancy's Florida Keys Watch
Program, provided by the group:

The Nature Conservancy tests water from canals throughout the Keys for
bacteria using Idexx Laboratory's Enterolert system. Results showing
consistently high levels of enterococci bacteria from an individual
canal
will serve as a red flag for poor canal water quality.
Canals that consistently contain high levels of enterococci will be
further
tested for the presence of viral pathogens and their source. Samples
will be
analyzed through the University of South Florida's independent testing
lab,
Biological Consulting Service of North Florida.
The Conservancy will sample canal water for one year at 17 fixed sites
throughout the Keys, from multiple sites within three neighborhoods, and
episodically following rainstorms.
Brad Rosov, the Conservancy's marine conservation program manager, is
administering the program. He has a bachelor's degree in neuroscience
from
the University of Delaware and a master's in marine biology from the
University of North Carolina at Wilmington. He will be advised by
scientists
at the University of South Florida.
The Conservancy will send a quarterly report to the University of South
Florida, the Biological Consulting Services lab, Monroe County Health
Department, the state Department of Environmental Protection, Technical
Advisory Committee of the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary, the
EPA
and the public.

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .


From kayanne at eps.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp  Thu Dec 19 05:43:53 2002
From: kayanne at eps.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp (Hajime Kayanne)
Date: Thu, 19 Dec 2002 05:43:53 -0500
Subject: 10ICRS mini-symposium proposal
Message-ID: <mailman.731.1354545826.29604.coral-list-old@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

icrs at plando.co.jp
Sender: owner-coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: list

Dear coral-list,

The number of proposals for mini-symposiums at 10ICRS is not enough.
The dead-line date is 30 January 2003.
We welcome your participation in coordinating mini-symposium, which is
the
main body of the ICRS.

Please visit our web site  http://www.plando.co.jp/icrs2004/, through
which
you can submit.

All the proposals will be reviewed by Scientific Program subcommittee
under
International/Local Organizing Committee, 10ICRS, and the program will
be
shown in the second circular as well as the web site.

For those who wish to hold somewhat closed workshops or business
meetings,
please contact with the secretary at icrs at plando.co.jp.

Best wishes and see you at Okinawa
Hajime Kayanne (Secretariat General)
--
---- Hajime KAYANNE ----
Department of Earth & Planetary Science,
University of Tokyo
Hongo, Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
Tel: 81-3-5841-4573
Tel & Fax: 81-3-3814-6358
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .


From jpquod.arvam at wanadoo.fr  Thu Dec 19 05:45:48 2002
From: jpquod.arvam at wanadoo.fr (Jean Pascal QUOD)
Date: Thu, 19 Dec 2002 05:45:48 -0500
Subject: Lava flow & corals
Message-ID: <mailman.732.1354545826.29604.coral-list-old@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Dear Coral-listers

Reunion Island (SW Indian Ocean) has an active volcano and lava flow
reaches the ocean twice this year.
Understanding the patterns that drive coral settlement and other
vertebrates/invertebrates appear an interesting and challenging deal for
us.

We are so looking for anyone who has been yet working on that item, who
is interested for a future collaboration. We have yet find references
dealing with Hawaii but more should have been done in other places.

Many thanks and merry Xmas,

Best regards,

_______________________________________________
Dr. Jean Pascal QUOD
E-mail : jpquod.arvam at wanadoo.fr
ARVAM (Agence pour la Recherche et la Valorisation Marines)
14, Rue du Stade de l'Est, 97490 Sainte Clotilde, La R=E9union, France
Tel : 02 62 28 39 08 (int. : (262) 2 62 28 39 08)
Fax: 02 62 28 08 81 (int. : (262) 2 62 28 08 81)
Email: arvam at wanadoo.fr / URL: http://www.arvam.com
________________________________________________
CORDIO Indian Indian Ocean Islands co-ordinator
COral Reef Degradation in the Indian Ocean
Jeanpascalquod at cordio.org
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .


From jim.hendee at noaa.gov  Fri Dec 20 13:17:36 2002
From: jim.hendee at noaa.gov (Jim Hendee)
Date: Fri, 20 Dec 2002 13:17:36 -0500
Subject: [Fwd: Land-Based Sources of Pollution]
Message-ID: <mailman.733.1354545826.29604.coral-list-old@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

It has come to my attention that the word "pollution" is most likely too
politically charged and would not help us to get to the underlying
problem.  (After all, what is an acceptable or legal definition of
"pollution" in this context?)  For instance, sewage and/or industrial
outfall may have been permitted by law many years ago and to now call it
"pollution" immediately throws fuel on a fire of controversy.  Our
purpose should perhaps be to identify what the anthropogenic factors are
that influence reefs, then let the chips fall where they may.  For
instance, have certain levels of nutrients been shown to affect coral
physiology or the reef ecosystem, and if so, where are those levels
found?  What is the minimum amount of light a coral reef needs to
sustain growth, and if that level is not being met, where in the world
is that happening and what is the cause?  Do certain levels of dissolved
pharmaceuticals affect, say, coral reproduction, and if so, where are
those levels found.  Do tons of lost and cast off fishing lines and nets
affect the well-being of a coral reef ecosystem, and if so where is that
happening (and is this what we traditionally call "pollution")?

In short, perhaps a better way to get at the problem is to seek "effects
of anthropogenic waste" in its form as a big relentless signal impacting
the coral reef ecosystem.

Then again, maybe this thread is trying to pull too much basic research
out of the literature for the purpose of a list-server.  Just a
thought...

        Cheers,
        Jim

-------- Original Message --------

From jim.hendee at noaa.gov  Wed Dec 18 11:38:30 2002
From: jim.hendee at noaa.gov (Jim Hendee)
Date: Wed, 18 Dec 2002 11:38:30 -0500
Subject: Land-Based Sources of Pollution
Message-ID: <mailman.734.1354545826.29604.coral-list-old@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Dear Coral-Listers,

    At the 8th Meeting of the U.S. Coral Reef Task Force (USCRTF),
October 2-3, 2002 (San Juan, Puerto Rico), the USCRTF adopted seven
resolutions (see http://coralreef.gov/dec2002.cfm), the first of which
was "Improving Procedures of the U.S. Coral Reef Task Force."  Realizing
that one of the procedures was a need to prioritize the 13 goals
originally stipulated in the Coral Reef National Action Plan (see
http://coralreef.gov/CRTFAxnPlan9.PDF), they decided the following areas
should be endorsed as Focus Areas for 2003-2006:

    a. Land-based Sources of Pollution
    b. Overfishing
    c. Lack of Public Awareness (focus on user groups)
    d. Recreational Overuse and Misuse
    e-1. Climate Change and Coral Bleaching, and e-2. Disease

    Considering more than half of the U.S. population (141 million
people) resides within 50 miles of a coast*, it is obvious that
"Land-based Sources of Pollution" is well-placed in this list.

    As informed and concientious researchers and protectors of the coral
reef environment, I am hoping that you can help to better identify these
land-based sources of pollution and perhaps help to formulate means of
correcting or identifying specific problem areas (but mainly US coral
reefs).  Thus, with this message I am hoping to generate a thread that
will be of use to those in the USCRTF that can draw upon your
expertise.  Such a thread, if successful, will be posted on the CHAMP
(http://www.coral.noaa.gov) and NOAA CoRIS (Coral Reef Information
System, http://www.coris.noaa.gov) Web Pages.  Also, if these threads
are successfully generated, perhaps we can continue on down the list
with the other Focus Areas (but let's just stick to this one, for now).

    Many thanks, and Happy Holidays!

    Cheers,
    Jim Hendee
    coral-list admin
~~~~
*  Trends in U.S. Coastal Regions, 1970-1998: Addendum to the
Proceedings, Trends and Future Challenges for U.S. National Ocean and
Coastal Policy, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).
August 1999.
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .


From riskmj at univmail.cis.mcmaster.ca  Fri Dec 20 16:49:32 2002
From: riskmj at univmail.cis.mcmaster.ca (Michael Risk)
Date: Fri, 20 Dec 2002 16:49:32 -0500
Subject: Land-Based Sources of Pollution
Message-ID: <mailman.735.1354545826.29604.coral-list-old@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Hello Brad (-list).

The direct effects of sewage on reefs are well-known, and can be
assessed via bioindicators and measured via a variety of isotopic
techniques.

Some time ago, there was a meeting in the Florida Keys to evaluate the
various monitoring programs that were under way there. At that meeting,
there was some concern voiced about the lack of coverage of bioerosion:
bioerosion responds directly to nutrient loadings in sea water, and
accounts (on healthy reefs )for about 50% of the carbonate
budget-programs looking only at coral are missing the boat.

The FMRI monitoring program, an excellent one run by a troika of Jaap,
Porter and Wheaton, asked us if we could devise a rapid assessment
protocol they could fold into their program. This became the thesis
research of Christine Ward-Paige, and the rest is history.

We based the technique on results that date from the mid-1980's, notably
a paper by Rose and Risk on the effect of point-source fecal input
(turtle poop) on the reefs of Grand Cayman. That work showed that
amounts of Cliona delitrix, an aggressive, bright-orange boring sponge,
were related to % fecal bacteria in the water. As far as I am aware,
this is the only reef organism that has been shown to respond so
directly to sewage. (Why the reef community has been so slow to pick up
on the use of this bioindicator is yet another question.)

Christine's early results were presented this summer at the Victoria
ASLO meeting-the Abstract may be read on their website. By using
archival videos and recent surveys, she has shown that the amounts of C
delitrix have increased as the coral cover has dropped-most of the List
by now is probably aware that there is a regional mass extinction under
way in Florida. Analyses of 15-N ratios link the sponge nutrition to
terrestrial sources.

I also recommend the wonderful work Kate Holmes did in Barbados, which
she and Evan Edinger (and others) then applied in Indonesia. She found a
direct relationship between water quality and boring sponge abundance in
coral rubble. This is a field technique which can be taught to villagers
in about 2 hours.

As far as the broader question, the importance and assessment of
land-based sources: methods to asess sewage and sediment stress are
available, and in some cases have been known (but not generally applied)
for decades. The Toolbox paper in the Proc. Ft Lauderdale conf. outlines
some of the main techniques-also, in that same ASLO conference, I
present a way to assess the relative importance of sewage and sediment
stress on reefs.

The response of the coral reef research community to land-based threats
has not been salutory. I see resume-building at the expense of
ecosystem-saving; and I also see a near-fatal reluctance to adopt common
methodology, coupled with a lack of firm guidance from federal agencies.

It may not be too late. Some of the methods produce results in a few
days. What seems to be required are programs with firm political
backing, which are fundamentally interdisciplinary in scope and
composition. I recently was asked to evaluate reef proposals to an
un-named agency of an un-named nation, for an un-named but large amount
of money. I saw with amazement that, to some organisations, an
"interdisciplinary" team was 25 biologists-BUT all working in different
fields! Please. (I should point out here that I am a biologist, lest I
be accused of parochiality.) It is time to recognise that geochemistry
is capable of providing real answers.
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .


From Mark.Eakin at noaa.gov  Fri Dec 20 16:53:35 2002
From: Mark.Eakin at noaa.gov (Mark Eakin)
Date: Fri, 20 Dec 2002 16:53:35 -0500
Subject: [Fwd: Land-Based Sources of Pollution]
Message-ID: <mailman.736.1354545826.29604.coral-list-old@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

I agree with Jim that the term "pollution" is politically charged.
However, the Federal Administration representatives did adopt
"Land-based Sources of Pollution" as a focus area for 2003-2006.  Under
the "Joint USDA-EPA Proposal on Land Based Sources of Pollution", it was
announced that "Within 45 days, USDA and EPA will produce the framework
to more fully develop this proposal".

It sounds to me like the Administration is accepting this moniker for a
problem that needs to be addressed.  While I concur with Jim that the
basic science needs to address specific threats and potential solutions
for these, that should not mean that we abandon the broad issue of
"Land-based Sources of Pollution" as a political framework.  It is
usually most constructive to use a political banner that the
Administration has already accepted.  At least with "Land-based Sources
of Pollution", we have a moniker that is recognized and understood by
those in high political positions.

I guess what I am suggesting is that we should use the term "Land-based
Sources of Pollution" to promote a suite of activities that the
scientific issues such as nutrient increases and light reduction are a
part.

Just my humble opinion, which is not an official position of NOAA or the
U.S. government.

Cheers,
Mark

Jim Hendee wrote:

>It has come to my attention that the word "pollution" is most likely too
>politically charged and would not help us to get to the underlying
>problem.  (After all, what is an acceptable or legal definition of
>"pollution" in this context?)  For instance, sewage and/or industrial
>outfall may have been permitted by law many years ago and to now call it
>"pollution" immediately throws fuel on a fire of controversy.  Our
>purpose should perhaps be to identify what the anthropogenic factors are
>that influence reefs, then let the chips fall where they may.  For
>instance, have certain levels of nutrients been shown to affect coral
>physiology or the reef ecosystem, and if so, where are those levels
>found?  What is the minimum amount of light a coral reef needs to
>sustain growth, and if that level is not being met, where in the world
>is that happening and what is the cause?  Do certain levels of dissolved
>pharmaceuticals affect, say, coral reproduction, and if so, where are
>those levels found.  Do tons of lost and cast off fishing lines and nets
>affect the well-being of a coral reef ecosystem, and if so where is that
>happening (and is this what we traditionally call "pollution")?
>
>In short, perhaps a better way to get at the problem is to seek "effects
>of anthropogenic waste" in its form as a big relentless signal impacting
>the coral reef ecosystem.
>
>Then again, maybe this thread is trying to pull too much basic research
>out of the literature for the purpose of a list-server.  Just a
>thought...
>
>       Cheers,
>       Jim
>
>-------- Original Message --------
>Subject: Land-Based Sources of Pollution
>Date: Wed, 18 Dec 2002 11:38:30 -0500
>From: Jim Hendee <jim.hendee at noaa.gov>
>To: coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
>
>Dear Coral-Listers,
>
>    At the 8th Meeting of the U.S. Coral Reef Task Force (USCRTF),
>October 2-3, 2002 (San Juan, Puerto Rico), the USCRTF adopted seven
>resolutions (see http://coralreef.gov/dec2002.cfm), the first of which
>was "Improving Procedures of the U.S. Coral Reef Task Force."  Realizing
>that one of the procedures was a need to prioritize the 13 goals
>originally stipulated in the Coral Reef National Action Plan (see
>http://coralreef.gov/CRTFAxnPlan9.PDF), they decided the following areas
>should be endorsed as Focus Areas for 2003-2006:
>
>    a. Land-based Sources of Pollution
>    b. Overfishing
>    c. Lack of Public Awareness (focus on user groups)
>    d. Recreational Overuse and Misuse
>    e-1. Climate Change and Coral Bleaching, and e-2. Disease
>
>    Considering more than half of the U.S. population (141 million
>people) resides within 50 miles of a coast*, it is obvious that
>"Land-based Sources of Pollution" is well-placed in this list.
>
>    As informed and concientious researchers and protectors of the coral
>reef environment, I am hoping that you can help to better identify these
>land-based sources of pollution and perhaps help to formulate means of
>correcting or identifying specific problem areas (but mainly US coral
>reefs).  Thus, with this message I am hoping to generate a thread that
>will be of use to those in the USCRTF that can draw upon your
>expertise.  Such a thread, if successful, will be posted on the CHAMP
>(http://www.coral.noaa.gov) and NOAA CoRIS (Coral Reef Information
>System, http://www.coris.noaa.gov) Web Pages.  Also, if these threads
>are successfully generated, perhaps we can continue on down the list
>with the other Focus Areas (but let's just stick to this one, for now).
>
>    Many thanks, and Happy Holidays!
>
>    Cheers,
>    Jim Hendee
>    coral-list admin
>~~~~
>*  Trends in U.S. Coastal Regions, 1970-1998: Addendum to the
>Proceedings, Trends and Future Challenges for U.S. National Ocean and
>Coastal Policy, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).
>August 1999.
>~~~~~~~
>For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
>digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
>~~~~~~~
>For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
>digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
>
>
>

--
C. Mark Eakin, Ph.D.
Chief of NOAA Paleoclimatology Program and
Director of the World Data Center for Paleoclimatology

NOAA/National Climatic Data Center
325 Broadway E/CC23
Boulder, CO 80305-3328
Voice: 303-497-6172                  Fax: 303-497-6513
Internet: mark.eakin at noaa.gov
http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/paleo/paleo.html
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .


From csheppard at bio.warwick.ac.uk  Sat Dec 21 10:57:25 2002
From: csheppard at bio.warwick.ac.uk (charles sheppard)
Date: Sat, 21 Dec 2002 10:57:25 -0500
Subject: Land-Based Sources of Pollution
Message-ID: <mailman.737.1354545826.29604.coral-list-old@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Jim,

As an avid reader of coral-list, I was interested in your email just now
on  'Pollution'. You say "For instance, sewage and/or industrial outfall
may have been permitted by law many years ago and to now call it
"pollution" immediately throws fuel on a fire of controversy."  I don't
think that matters at all. Times change.  What a village beside the
estuary could do last century may not have mattered at all, but that
village then grew into a city, and...

You go on to say "Our purpose should perhaps be to identify what the
anthropogenic factors are that influence reefs, then let the chips fall
where they may."  I completely agree.

I am editor of "Marine Pollution Bulletin".  Now, ages ago I tried to
get that title changed to reflect the evolution of the subject, to
something like 'Marine Environmental Science', or something less
old-fashioned sounding, though I never gave it too much thought!  Many
associate 'pollution' with being a 70s subject: lead in tissues, or E.
coli in water, so that global climate change etc etc doesn't really fit
it.  But the publishers wouldn't let me - 'Never change the title of a
successful journal as libraries will happily drop a journal to save
costs but wont necessarily buy a new one'!  What I mean is:  we
shouldn't get bogged down in these definitions.  I'll publish what is
interesting and important to marine habitats etc.  If over-fishing
somewhere is a problem to the marine environment, then that counts.  A
boring account of lead in an urchin's gonads is not likely to get in,
even if it fits older definitions of 'pollution' better.  Actually, MPB
publishes quite a lot of papers on corals/reef, and more on associated
tropical systems too.

You do an excellent job with coral-list.  I (amongst many) am very
grateful!

Happy Christmas holidays

Charles Sheppard
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .



From HCRIResearchProgram at hawaii.rr.com  Sat Dec 21 19:30:40 2002
From: HCRIResearchProgram at hawaii.rr.com (HCRI Research Program)
Date: Sat, 21 Dec 2002 14:30:40 -1000
Subject: JOB: HI data analyst postition
Message-ID: <mailman.738.1354545826.29604.coral-list-old@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

The Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative Research Program (HCRI-RP) and the State of
Hawaii's Division of Aquatic Resources (DAR) has just opened a data analyst
position to assist with upgrading DAR's coral reef ecosystem monitoring and
data handling capabilities and to develop and apply statistical analyses to
existing coral reef research and monitoring.

Closing date is January 22, 2002.

About HCRI-RP:  www.hawaii.edu/ssri/hcri
About DAR:  www.hawaii.gov/dlnr/dar/index.html

Kristine Davidson
Program Manager
HCRI-RP

>>>>>>>>>


From cnidaria at earthlink.net  Sun Dec 22 06:56:11 2002
From: cnidaria at earthlink.net (James M. Cervino)
Date: Sun, 22 Dec 2002 07:56:11 -0400
Subject: e-mail contact?
Message-ID: <mailman.739.1354545826.29604.coral-list-old@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Dear List,

Can anyone acknowledge this to be the correct e-mail for Dr. Steve
Oakley: tracc at tm.net.my

If not, can anyone provide the proper e-mail contact? Thanks James Cervino
--
************************************
James M. Cervino
PhD. Program
Marine Science Program
University of South Carolina
e-mail:cnidaria at earthlink.net
*************************************
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .


From Bprecht at pbsj.com  Mon Dec 23 11:01:05 2002
From: Bprecht at pbsj.com (Precht, Bill)
Date: Mon, 23 Dec 2002 10:01:05 -0600
Subject: The Dust Hypothesis: Why Caribbean coral reefs have suffered during the 1970's through the early 1990's
Message-ID: <mailman.740.1354545826.29604.coral-list-old@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Dear Coral List:

For those following the "dust" for the past few years I thought you might
find these tidbits of interest.

Have a great holiday!
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

The Dust Hypothesis

Question:

Why have coral reefs that are bathed in clear oceanic waters throughout
much of the Caribbean suffered algal infestation, coral diseases, and near
extinction of herbivorous sea urchins almost simultaneously during the
1970s, 1980s, and early 1990s? The best known factors detrimental to coral
reefs include sewage, run-off from land, dredging, UV light, etc. These
factors do not apply for many affected reefs where human population is low.
Is there an alternative way to spread nutrients and diseases?

(Contineud)

http://coastal.er.usgs.gov/african_dust/

   Online mini-movie

      Watch USGS scientists Ginger Garrison, Gene Shinn, Chuck Holmes, and
      Dale Griffin in "The Effects of Globally Transported African and
      Asian Dust on Coral Reef and Human Health"

   http://coastal.er.usgs.gov/african_dust/documentary/

   National Public Radio interview

      Project scientists Gene Shinn and Ginger Garrison were interviewed
      along with geologist/novelist Sarah Andrews on National Public Radio
      station KQED in San Francisco on the popular morning talk show
      "Forum" on January 15, 2002. Listen to the interview.

   www.kqed.org/audioarchive/frameset/forum/2002/01/2002-01-15b-forum.html

////////////////

Mercury From China Rains Down on California

   Environmental News Service (ENS)
   http://ens-news.com/

   December 20, 2002

SANTA CRUZ, California, - Industrial emissions in Asia are a major source
of mercury in rainwater that falls along the California coast, a new study
suggests.

The mercury in rainwater is not in itself a health threat, but mercury
pollution is a problem in San Francisco Bay and other California waters
because the toxic element builds up in the food chain. State regulatory
agencies are looking for ways to reduce the amount of mercury entering the
state's waters from various sources.

It is not just the mercury itself but a whole cocktail of atmospheric
pollutants that contribute to the deposition of mercury in rainfall.
Elemental mercury behaves as a gas in the atmosphere and is not washed out
in rain until it has been oxidized into a charged ionic form that can be
captured by water droplets.

Ozone, a major component of urban and industrial smog, plays a key role in
this oxidation process, said Douglas Steding, lead author of a paper
published Thursday in the online edition of the "Journal of Geophysical
Research - Atmospheres." The report by Steding and other researchers from
the University of California, Santa Cruz (UCSC) will appear in a later
print edition of the journal.

"There is a relatively large reservoir of mercury in the atmosphere, and
it's the rate of oxidation that determines how much of it gets deposited in
rainfall," Steding said.

Mercury is a trace contaminant of most coal, and emissions from coal
burning power plants are a major source of mercury pollution in many parts
of the world. In the Pacific Basin, the main source of atmospheric mercury
is coal combustion in China.

China relies on coal as a fuel and accounts for about 10 percent of the
total global industrial emissions of mercury.

Air pollution in China also generates ozone, which peaks during the winter
due to increased fuel consumption for heating. Air loaded with mercury and
ozone moves off the continent into the Western Pacific, where it is
incorporated into developing storms.

"The mercury we measured in rainwater results from a combination of mercury
emissions and ozone production, as well as meteorological factors - the
storm tracks that transport the pollutants across the Pacific," Steding
said.

Steding collected rainwater samples at two sites in central California: on
the coast at UCSC's Long Marine Laboratory and at Moffett Field near San
Jose, on the inland side of the Santa Cruz Mountains. For each rainfall
event, the researchers used air mass trajectories calculated by a national
climate lab to trace the movement of the storms across the Pacific from
Asia.

Rainwater collected at the coastal site showed the background
concentrations of mercury in storms as they arrived off the Pacific Ocean.
Those measurements were about three times higher than estimates of the
natural, preindustrial level, Steding said.

Rainwater from the inland site showed mercury concentrations 44 percent
higher than at the coastal site. Steding attributed the difference between
the two sites to ozone in Bay Area smog, rather than local emissions of
mercury.

"There is a local influence of urban smog on the mercury oxidation rate. We
see a background signal of mercury blowing off the Pacific, then a local
enrichment that's probably due to urban smog," Steding said. "If we want to
reduce mercury deposition, it's not enough to shut down local emissions of
mercury, because other pollutants influence how much of the mercury in the
atmosphere ends up in rainwater."

Steding said people should not worry about health effects from the mercury
in rainwater, because the concentrations are very low. But the deposition
in rain does add mercury to surface waters, where the toxin enters the food
chain and builds up to high levels in certain kinds of fish.

State health officials have issued advisories warning people not to eat
fish from more than a dozen bodies of water in California, including San
Francisco Bay.

  #  #  #

http://ens-news.com/ens/dec2002/2002-12-20-09.asp#anchor1

///////////////////

Steding, Douglas J.; Flegal, A. Russell

Mercury concentrations in coastal California precipitation:
Evidence of local and trans-Pacific fluxes of mercury to North America

10.1029/2002JD002081

19 December 2002

http://www.agu.org/pubs/toc2002/jd.shtml#dec

////////////////

Mercury In California Rainwater Traced ...

ScienceDaily News Release

... Steding emphasized that people should not worry about health effects
from the mercury in rainwater, because the concentrations are very low.

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2002/12/021220075156.htm

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From Bprecht at pbsj.com  Mon Dec 23 11:02:36 2002
From: Bprecht at pbsj.com (Precht, Bill)
Date: Mon, 23 Dec 2002 10:02:36 -0600
Subject: Keys marine sanctuary settles damage case for almost $1 million
Message-ID: <mailman.741.1354545826.29604.coral-list-old@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Dear Coral-List:

Another news flash of interest.

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The Miami Herald, www.miami.com/mld/miamiherald

Posted on Sat, Dec. 21, 2002

Keys sanctuary case is settled for $969,000
Tug ran aground there in May '93
Associated Press

The nation's largest dredge company has agreed to pay a record $969,000 to
help restore coral and seagrass damaged when a tugboat ran aground in the
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary nearly 10 years ago.

Money from the settlement announced Friday will cover reef repairs and help
reimburse government agencies for their response to the Florida Bay
grounding.

''This adds to our authority to collect damages in these cases, so it will
definitely help us in obtaining settlements in the future,'' said Cheva
Heck, spokeswoman for the sanctuary protecting the longest barrier reef
after Australia and Belize.

The Justice Department said in a release it was the largest settlement ever
negotiated for a grounding in the sanctuary.

Calls to the company and its lawyer were not returned.

A judge initially ordered Great Lakes Dredge & Dock Co. to pay $368,797. But
both the company and the government appealed in a test of Commerce
Department powers under the 1972 National Marine Sanctuaries Act.

The appeals court voided the original amount and sided with the federal
agency, opening up Great Lakes to a potentially larger bill if the case were
retried.

Sharon Shutler, attorney for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration, said she was ''thrilled'' with the agreement. ``Now we
finally have the means to restore these important sanctuary resources.''

The sanctuary plans to combine the money from Oak Brook, Ill.-based Great
Lakes with a $618,485 settlement reached with Coastal Marine Towing, a tug
company involved in the grounding in May 1993.

Great Lakes hired Coastal Marine Towing to carry 500-foot pipes around the
tip of Florida. One of the pipes came loose and left a 13-mile scar on the
bottom of the bay separating the Florida peninsula and the Keys.

The tug hauling the errant pipe was slowed by the drag. A second of four
tugs traveling together tried to pass but ran aground, damaging nearly two
acres of coral and grass.

The pipe track recovered naturally in three years. But experts estimated
damage from the grounding would take 70 years to heal with human
intervention and more than 100 years naturally.

The tug, Captain Joe, ran aground in water seven feet deep in a section of
the bay where the deepest water is 11 feet. Intermixed mud flats can be as
shallow as six inches.

''Groundings in the sanctuary are a huge problem. We have an average of 600
reported groundings per year,'' Heck said. ``It's everything from small
boats running aground in seagrass beds to major groundings in coral.''

The sanctuary plans to spend more than $1 million at the grounding site and
$405,000 at other damage sites in the 2,800-square mile sanctuary, which was
created in 1990.

Keys waters are popular with fishermen, divers and recreational boaters.

The reefs, perhaps the biggest draw, protect fish and other marine life.

http://www.miami.com/mld/miamiherald/news/state/4786450.htm

NOAA Press Release on settlement:

NOAA 02-167
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
December 20, 2002
Charles Miller, ENRD
202.514.2007

Cheva Heck, NOAA
305.292.0311, x26
305.304.0179, cell

TUG COMPANY TO PAY NEARLY $1 MILLION FOR SEAGRASS DAMAGE
Settlement to Restore Seagrass & Coral in Florida Keys National Marine
Sanctuary

WASHINGTON, D.C.     Great Lakes Dredge and Dock Company of Oak Brook, Ill.,
will pay nearly $1 million for damages to seagrass and other natural
resources in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary, the Justice
Department and the Commerce Department's National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration (NOAA) announced today.

The $969,000 settlement reached on behalf of NOAA and the State of Florida
is the largest ever obtained for damages to seagrass in the sanctuary.  The
funds, combined with an earlier $618,485 settlement obtained from
co-defendant Coastal Marine Towing, will help restore the injured areas and
reimburse NOAA for response costs.

"We are pleased with the settlement," said Sharon Shutler, attorney for the
NOAA General Counsel for Natural Resources.  "We have wanted to restore this
site since the groundings occurred in 1993.  After many years of litigation,
we finally have the means to restore these ecologically significant
sanctuary resources."

In May 1993, four tug boats owned by the two companies were transporting
heavy dredging equipment and dredge pipes from the Boca Grande Channel off
Florida's west coast to Green Cove Spring on the east coast.  Before the
flotilla reached Seven Mile Bridge off Marathon, Fla., one or more of the
dredge pipes being towed by one of the tugs came loose and dragged across
the bottom of Florida Bay, causing a scar 13 miles long and destroying
196,764 square feet of seagrass and other sanctuary resources.  The dragging
pipe caused the tug to slow, and another tug attempted to pass her.  The
other vessel ran hard aground, creating a massive hole and destroying 80,675
square feet of seagrass and coral, about one and a half times the size of a
football field, at an area called Red Bay Banks off Marathon.

While the coral reefs are the sanctuary's most famous resource, seagrass
meadows and other habitats, such as the mixed seagrass and finger coral
bottom at Red Bay Banks, are critical to fish and other marine life
populations.  Seagrass also filters and stabilizes sediments, helping to
create clear waters.

"One of our highest priorities is the restoration of our natural resources,
such as the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary," said Tom Sansonetti,
Assistant Attorney General for the Justice Department's Environment and
Natural Resources Division.  "The funds provided as a result of today's
settlement will help us achieve that goal."

The National Marine Sanctuaries Act authorizes NOAA to seek damages from the
responsible party in a grounding to cover response costs, injury and damage
assessment costs, costs to restore or replace the damaged habitat or acquire
equivalent habitat, and costs to compensate the public for the value of the
damage resources until they fully recover.

NOAA developed a restoration strategy that involved stabilizing the blowhole
and transplanting seagrasses into off-site areas damaged by boats to
compensate for the lost services provided by the resources destroyed in the
incident.  NOAA sought the cost of the restoration and assessment costs from
the two companies, eventually filing suit in Federal District Court.  Both
the Federal District Court and the 11th Circuit Court of Appeals found Great
Lakes strictly liable for the injuries to sanctuary resources.  Both courts
upheld NOAA's methodologies for determining the appropriate amount of
compensatory restoration, however, the courts had not agreed on the proper
measure of damages necessary to restore the bank. As a result, a settlement
was reached with the two companies.

The Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary, designated in 1990, protects
2,896 square nautical miles of critical marine habitat, including coral
reef, hard bottom, seagrass meadows, mangrove communities and sand flats.
NOAA and the Florida Department of Environmental Protection manage the
sanctuary.  For more information about the Florida Keys National Marine
Sanctuary, visit: http://www.fknms.nos.noaa.gov.

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From aharris at nimbus.geog.ox.ac.uk  Mon Dec 30 07:17:46 2002
From: aharris at nimbus.geog.ox.ac.uk (aharris at nimbus.geog.ox.ac.uk)
Date: Mon, 30 Dec 2002 07:17:46 -0500
Subject: Bioeconomic model
Message-ID: <mailman.742.1354545826.29604.coral-list-old@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Dear all,

I am currently engaged in looking for a bioeconomic model that has been
successfully applied (in practice) to the economic analysis and
management of a coral reef fishery.

I would be very grateful if anyone with knowledge of a case where such a
model has been used - either for scenario-analyses or otherwise - could
forward to me details or references relating to the model.

Many thanks and happy hogmanay!

Al Harris.

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From sph at coralcay.org  Mon Dec 30 11:39:26 2002
From: sph at coralcay.org (Simon Harding)
Date: Mon, 30 Dec 2002 11:39:26 -0500
Subject: Position available with Coral Cay Conservation Ltd.
Message-ID: <mailman.743.1354545826.29604.coral-list-old@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Dear list members,

Position available: Director - Science Department, Coral Cay
Conservation (CCC) Ltd.

Re-advertised post with amended Terms of Reference (AVAILABLE UPON
REQUEST)

Coral Cay Conservation Ltd. is an award winning not-for-profit NGO that
currently runs terrestrial and marine conservation projects in Fiji,
Honduras and The Philippines. We are seeking an experienced postgraduate
(PhD preferred) to manage the CCC Science Department. The successful
applicant will have a background in managing and research of both marine
and terrestrial science based projects, with proven experience of 24
months fieldwork. The position is at Director level, thus a considerable
amount of management experience will be needed.

Applications: Covering letter / CV (email only) to: Mr. Craig Turner,
Terrestrial Science Co-ordinator, Coral Cay Conservation:
ct at coralcay.org.

Work is London-based with international travel.

Closing date for applications is January 31st 2003. Previous applicants
need not apply. Only short-listed candidates will be contacted.

Thank you.

Simon Harding Ph.D.
Marine Science Co-ordinator
--
Coral Cay Conservation,
13th Floor,
The Tower,
125 High Street,
Colliers Wood,
London,
SW19 2JG,
UK

Direct dial: +44- (0) 208-545-7721
General switchboard: +44 (0) 870-750-0668
Fax: +44 (0) 870-750-0667
www.coralcay.org

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