U.S. Coral Reef Task Force meeting in Wash DC
Roger B Griffis
Roger.B.Griffis at noaa.gov
Sun Mar 9 07:30:25 EST 2003
Task force calls for improved water quality
Allison A. Freeman, Greenwire staff writer
Federal officials and local governments should increase
collaborative efforts to address continuing threats to
coral reefs, particularly
in reducing wastewater, runoff pollution and overfishing
in Florida, Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands,
concurred top federal and
state environmental officials last week at a meeting of
U.S. Coral Reef Task Force.
The CRTF, established by an executive order in 1998 to
"preserve and protect coral reef ecosystems,"
comprises the heads of 11
federal agencies and the leaders of 10 states, territories
and commonwealths. At its biennial meeting in
Washington, D.C., last
week, the group passed resolutions calling for upgrading
wastewater treatment systems in areas supporting
coral reef habitat,
improving water quality through the federal Everglades
Restoration Plan and promoting sustainable trade in
coral reef products.
"The Task Force resolutions and statements reflect the
intent [to] highlight these issues as really important to
address the coral reef
crisis," said Roger Griffis, co-chair of the CRTF steering
committee and policy advisor for the National Oceanic
and Atmospheric
Administration coral reef conservation program.
"It's clear from the level of representation we have from
around the nation and around the world that coral reefs
and their continued
protection are high priorities," said Tim Keeney, deputy
assistant secretary of commerce for oceans and
atmosphere.
In 2000, the CRTF adopted the U.S. National Action Plan to
Conserve Coral Reefs, laying out 13 major goals to
help sustain coral
reef ecosystems. The CRTF has brought together government
and nongovernmental entities to address key
issues, such as the
nationwide effort to map and characterize all shallow U.S.
reefs. In October 2002 the CRTF identified
land-based pollution,
overfishing, lack of public awareness, recreational
overuse, coral reef disease and climate change as the major
threats to reefs and
called for additional efforts to reduce these threats.
According to a recent Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network
report, coral reefs, which are highly sensitive to
environmental change
and key indicators of broader problems in the ocean, have
declined by 27 percent worldwide. The report found
that 60 percent of the
world's coral reefs could be lost by 2030.
At its meeting, the CRTF encouraged states to work with
local stakeholders and federal partners to develop
local action plans to
address the key threats. "This is an effort to identify
and implement actions from the ground up ... to help
achieve goals of the U.S.
National Action Plan," said Griffis.
The CRTF lacks authority to regulate or appropriate funds.
As such, the resolutions can not be incorporated into
law. However, they
can serve as blueprints for continued state and federal
restoration efforts. Florida officials, for example, are
hoping the resolutions will
help leverage increased federal funding for local cleanup
efforts.
"A resolution passed at the level of the U.S. Coral Reef
Task Force, the secretary and assistant secretary level,
can be put in front
of decision-makers, conservation groups, stakeholders,
fishermen and other appropriate people to show that it is
recognized at high
levels that we need to take action," said Billy Causey,
superintendent of the Florida Keys National Marine
Sanctuary. "To take
action, we need resources. This is a powerful tool to move
to the next step."
Protection of the reefs is important to Florida not only
because they "provide a very diverse and biologically
important community,"
Causey said, but also for economic reasons. The park logs
13.3 million visitor days a year, resulting in $1.2
billion in tourism
revenues. "We cannot afford to lose this reef," Causey
said.
An official with the U.S. EPA said the agency would not
respond to the resolutions, which it supported, until the
CRTF releases the
final versions in coming weeks. But the official said the
resolutions would likely not lead to new rulemaking, but
rather encourage the
agency to assist and coordinate with other groups and
local officials.
But Dan Meyer, general counsel for Public Employees for
Environmental Responsibility, said the CRTF is not
taking enough action
to address declining coral reefs. He said the CRTF should
"bash heads" and address reef harming practices
executed by agencies
within the group, citing the Army Corps of Engineers in
particular. Meyer said the Corps' oversight of beach
renourishment -- placing
sand on the shore of eroding beaches -- often allows
low-cost, uncareful methods that stir up sand in the water
and choke the reef.
The Corps also harms the reef with dredging permits and by
allowing fiber optic cable to cross reef zones
without environmental
review, Meyer said.
Meyer said the agencies on the CRTF should cooperate to
more staunchly protect the reefs, consulting with one
another and using
existing laws, like the Endangered Species Act, the Clean
Water Act and the National Environmental Policy
Act, to tighten their
regulatory authority.
"Without solving the central oversight problem, the Coral
Reef Task Force is going to be like an undertaker for
the reefs. It will
document their burial and demise but won't have been a
doctor to step in and see the patient before it died,"
Meyer said. "Because
the reefs are not out in the public's view, we risk not
knowing that we missed the boat on this until the reefs are
dead."
Kacky Andrews, Director of Coastal and Aquatic Managed
Areas at the Florida Department of Environmental
Protection, said the
resolutions will not spur the state to write more coral
reef regulations, but said she hopes they will encourage
Congress to direct
more funding to Florida, especially for the state's
wastewater treatment plan.
"The federal government has done a lot for the Florida
Keys National Marine Sanctuary, but there is a lot of
need," she said.
Andrews noted that in the Florida Keys, nutrient-laden
wastewater from some 25,000 septic tanks, 6,500
cesspits and 900
shallow-injection wells compromises water quality in the
nearshore coral reef system.
CRTF's Everglades restoration resolution asked state
regulators to consider how coral reefs will be affected by
water flowing through
the Everglades and into the Florida Bay. As the state
develops and implements its 20-year plan to restore
historic flows to the
Everglades, the reefs will almost certainly benefit,
Andrews said.
Other resolutions called for programs to address
wastewater treatment systems in the Virgin Islands, where the
current system
inadequately accommodates a growing population, and in
Puerto Rico, where more than 30 percent of homes
are not connected to a
wastewater treatment system.
The resolution dealing with trade urges the United States
to promote the sustainable trade of coral reef species
under international
negotiations. The U.S. consumes more than 80 percent of
coral reef products traded worldwide, NOAA's
Griffis said. The Marine
Aquarium Council, a coral reef products stakeholder
coalition, is working to develop a voluntary certification
program for sustainable,
environmentally sound standards for trade of reef
products.
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