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<div><font face="Arial MT Condensed Light"
color="#000000"><b>Invitation to attend and participate
in:</b></font></div>
<div><font face="Arial MT Condensed Light" size="+1"
color="#000000"><b><br></b></font></div>
<div><font face="Arial MT Condensed Light" size="+1"
color="#000000"><b>A Virtual Reef-Core Workshop</b></font></div>
<div><font face="Arial MT Condensed Light" color="#000000">9th
International Coral Reef Symposium, Bali, Indonesia 23-27 Oct
2000</font></div>
<div><font face="Arial MT Condensed Light" color="#000000">Evening of
Tues 24th. Room TBA</font></div>
<div><font face="Arial MT Condensed Light" color="#000000">Convenor:
Paul Blanchon, UNAM.</font></div>
<div><font face="Arial MT Condensed Light" color="#000000"><br>
<u><b>Introduction</b></u></font></div>
<div><font face="Arial MT Condensed Light" color="#000000">Over the
last decade the use of coral-reef sequences to study climate
variability during the Quaternary has increased significantly. In
some classic areas, like Barbados and the Huon Peninsula, rapid
neotectonic uplift has elevated reef sequences and allowed important
discoveries to be made about the link between the Earth's orbital
parameters and the timing of climate oscillations. But the very
process that makes these records accessible--uplift--also creates
uncertainty in determining the rate and magnitude of such changes,
especially in the case of sea level. As a consequence, many
investigators interested in climate change have now started to
examine reef sequences in more stable areas that are below
sea-level.</font></div>
<div><font face="Arial MT Condensed Light" color="#000000"><br>
<u><b>Problems<br>
</b></u>The recovery of these submerged records commonly requires a
major drilling operation because alternations of coral, rubble and
sand can make downhole conditions difficult for portable rigs which
can only handle short, small-diameter cores. The problem with large
rigs, however, is that they restrict operations to accessible areas
on the reef crest, which makes it difficult to recover of a complete
record when a reef has undergone retro- or progradation during its
development. Once a complete record is recovered, however, the next
problem is obtaining an accurate description and interpretation of
the complex textures and fabrics found in reef facies. This
complexity can be severe. Even in outcrop, coral reef sequences are
an intricate mosaic of corals and sediment that have been encrusted
and bioeroded: they commonly bear little resemblance to the surface
zonations we find covering modern reefs. In core, such complexities
are magnified ten-fold and even distinguishing in-place coral from
biodetritus can be impossible in some cases.<br>
<br>
<u><b>Workshop Objectives<br>
</b></u>This Virtual Reef-Core Workshop is a forum in which to
discuss not only new and improved drilling methods but also how to
improve the scientific description and analysis of reef deposits from
core data. Participants will be asked to bring high-resolution, full
size images of reef cores that have been assembled so as to represent
a 'virtual' core. (A good way to do this is to scan sliced pieces
of core into an illustration program and print on a photo-quality
printer. Each core section can then be taped together and
fan-folded). By collectively examining these virtual reef cores, we
hope to:<br>
<br>
1) familiarize ourselves with the often complex fabrics and textures
of reef facies and see how they compare/contrast with the modern
surface assemblages:<br>
<br>
2) incite some constructive discussion on how to schematically
represent the biosedimentology of the cores in an efficient and
objective way:<br>
<br>
3) establish some possible ways of identifying (and even quantifying)
in-place framework from biodetrital deposits.<br>
<br>
At regular intervals during the workshop, we will try to arrange
brief presentations on specific drilling methodologies, hopefully
including advances in technology and techniques.<br>
<br>
<u><b>Contributions to date</b></u></font></div>
<div><font face="Symbol" color="#000000">…</font><font face="Arial
MT Condensed Light" color="#000000"> Dennis Hubbard (Oberlin
College). Virtual Core from St. Croix and/or Puerto Rico<br>
<br>
</font><font face="Symbol" color="#000000">…</font><font
color="#000000"> Dennis Hubbard. Video/slide show on the SCARID
underwater drilling system<br>
<br>
<font face="Symbol">…</font> Paul Blanchon (National Autonomous U.
Mexico). Short cores from the crest of an early Holocene relict reef
discovered recently off the east coast of Grand Cayman.</font><br>
<font color="#000000"></font></div>
<div><font face="Symbol" color="#000000">…</font><font face="Arial
MT Condensed Light" color="#000000"> Paul Blanchon. Informal poster
on classification of reef deposits.</font></div>
<div><font face="Arial MT Condensed Light" color="#000000"><br>
</font><font face="Symbol" color="#000000">…</font><font
face="Arial MT Condensed Light" color="#000000"> Zelinda Leăo (U.
Federal da Bahia). Core from a reef flat in the Abrolhos Region,
Eastern Brazil (southernmost coral reefs in Western Atlantic). Core
is ~13 meters long and reaches Pleistocene basement. This reef is
surrounded by siliciclastic sediments and its major reef-building
corals are endemic forms from Brazil.</font></div>
<div><font face="Arial MT Condensed Light" color="#000000"><br>
</font><font face="Symbol" color="#000000">…</font><font
color="#000000"> Keiichi Sasaki (Kanazawa U.). Cores from Kikai
Island Reefs, Ryukyus.<br>
<br>
<font face="Symbol">…</font> Ian Macintyre (Smithsonian). Cores
that show development of pavement limestone. It forms when there is a
hiatus in reef accretion and is due to multicyclic boring and
inflilling which tend to destroy all evidence of the original
skeletal framework.</font><br>
<font color="#000000"></font></div>
<div><font face="Symbol" color="#000000">…</font><font face="Arial
MT Condensed Light" color="#000000"> David Blakeway (U. Western
Australia). Core from Ningaloo Reef.</font></div>
<div><font face="Arial MT Condensed Light"
color="#000000"><br></font></div>
<div><font face="Symbol" color="#000000">…</font><font face="Arial
MT Condensed Light" color="#000000"> David Kennedy (U. Wollongong).
Virtual cores from Middleton Reef, Elizabeth Reef and fringing reefs
in the Torres Strait.</font></div>
<div><font face="Arial MT Condensed Light"
color="#000000"><br></font></div>
<div><font face="Arial MT Condensed Light" color="#000000"><b>Further
contributions are welcome</b>: for details email me at</font><font
face="Arial MT Condensed Light" color="#0000FF"><u>
blanchon@icmyl.unam.mx</u></font></div>
<div><font color="#000000">-- <br>
Saludos</font></div>
<div><font color="#000000">Paul.</font><font
color="#0000FF"></font></div>
<div><font
color="#0000FF"><x-tab>
</x-tab></font></div>
<div><font size="-2"
color="#0000FF">~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~<span
></span></font></div>
<div><font size="-1" color="#000000"><i><b>Dr. Paul Blanchon</b></i>
| <i>Investigador </i> </font><font size="-2"
color="#000000"><br>
<br>
Coral-Reef Systems Lab. <br>
Unidad Academica Pto. Morelos <br>
Inst. de Ciencias del Mar y Limnologia (ICML) <br>
Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM) <br>
Ap. Postal 1152, CP 77500 Cancún,<br>
Q. Roo, MEXICO<br>
</font></div>
<div><font size="-2" color="#000000">Tel. (987) 10219, Fax:
(987) 10138</font></div>
<div><font size="-2" color="#000000">Work E-mail:
blanchon@icmyl.unam.mx</font></div>
<div><font size="-2" color="#000000">Home E-mail:
blanchon_s@hotmail.com</font></div>
<div><font size="-2" color="#000000">Web:
www.icmyl.unam.mx/reefpage/research.html<span
></span></font><font size="-2" color="#0000FF"></font></div>
<div><font size="-2"
color="#0000FF">~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~<span
></span></font></div>
<div><font size="-2" color="#000000"><i>National Autonomous
University of Mexico, 1553-2000</i></font></div>
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