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<DIV><FONT size=2>Another LAC based management plan is found on our web-site <A
href="http://www.sabapark.com">www.sabapark.com</A></FONT></DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2>David Kooistra<BR>Manager Saba Marine Park/Saba Hyperbaric
Facility<BR>PO Box 18, The Bottom<BR>Saba, Netherlands Antilles</FONT></DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2>Phone: 599 416 3295<BR>Fax: 599 416 3435</FONT></DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2>Web-site: <A
href="http://www.sabapark.com">www.sabapark.com</A></FONT></DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2>P.S. please note our new e-mail address <A
href="mailto:smp@unspoiledqueen.com">smp@unspoiledqueen.com</A></FONT></DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
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<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial">----- Original Message ----- </DIV>
<DIV
style="BACKGROUND: #e4e4e4; FONT: 10pt arial; font-color: black"><B>From:</B>
<A href="mailto:karlf@sfu.ca" title=karlf@sfu.ca>Dricot-Fellenius</A> </DIV>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>To:</B> <A
href="mailto:coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov"
title=coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov</A> </DIV>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Sent:</B> Tuesday, 26 June, 2001 20:56</DIV>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Subject:</B> Re: Diver Tourism</DIV>
<DIV><BR></DIV>
<BLOCKQUOTE TYPE="CITE">I'm running a research project looking at the
potential effects of an = <BR>increase in diver tourism in the Turks and
Caicos Islands, based mainly = <BR>around methods for establishing the
carrying capacity of the reefs here. = <BR>Does anyone know of any papers /
web-sites / journals that would be = <BR>useful?
<P>Iain Ellis, <BR>Marine Policy Lecturer, <BR>Center for Marine Resource
Studies, <BR>PO Box 007, South Caicos</P></BLOCKQUOTE>Iain,
<P>Here are a few papers and websites. You may want to check out the broader
literature on carrying capacity in tourism as well. The diving papers have not
really addressed the changing view of carrying capacity. For a number of
years, carrying capacity has been viewed as a management philosophy rather
than the application of a number as in the past. Several methods are more
common, such as LAC (limits of acceptable change) and TOMM (tourism
optimization management model). see <A
href="http://www.forestry.umt.edu/personnel/faculty/borrie/planning.html">http://www.forestry.umt.edu/personnel/faculty/borrie/planning.html</A>
(excerpt below).
<P><FONT size=-1>Essentially, carrying capacity focuses attention on the
question, "How many is too many?" when the question confronting managers is,
"What are the appropriate or acceptable conditions for visitation and how do
we achieve them?" An example of a planning system that builds upon the
framework of LAC is the Tourism Optimization management Model (TOMM) developed
in Australia. TOMM is a management approach designed to monitor and manage
tourism on a resort and farming island off the coast of South Australia. Like
LAC, the first component of TOMM is an analysis of the context in which the
planning must occur. Just as step 1 of LAC identifies the social values,
issues and concerns, the first phase of TOMM identifies the community values,
as well as the policy and planning directives of the various stakeholders.
TOMM’s contextual analysis also includes examination of the island’s tourism
products and the trends and opportunities</FONT> <BR><FONT size=-1>for the
tourism market, much as step 2 of LAC maps out recreational opportunities.
While LAC emphasizes the quality of the environment and visitor experience,
TOMM places more emphasis on the sustainability of the tourism industry.
Toward that end, TOMM goes on to identify and inventory potentially optimal
conditions for tourism to occur (economic, market, environmental,
experiential, and socio-cultural). TOMM, like LAC was designed to meld the
technical expertise of industry and government with community and conservation
group knowledge.</FONT>
<P>best,
<P>karl
<P>Davis, D., and C. Tisdell. 1995. Recreational scuba-diving and
carrying capacity in
<BR> marine
protected areas. Ocean and Coastal Management 26(1):19-40.
<P>Davis, D., and C. Tisdell. 1996. Economic Management of
Recreational Scuba Diving <BR> and the Environment. Journal of
Environmental Management 48:229-248.
<P>Dixon, J. A., L. F. Scura, and T. van’t Hof. 1993. Meeting
Ecological and Economic <BR> Goals: Marine Parks in the
Caribbean. Ambio 22(2-3):117-125.
<P>Hawkins, J. P., and C. M. Roberts. 1992. Effects of
recreational SCUBA diving on fore- <BR> reef slope communities of coral
reefs. Biological Conservation 62:171-178.
<P>Hawkins, J. P., and C. M. Roberts. 1993. Effects of
recreational scuba diving on coral <BR> reefs: trampling on
reef-flat communities. Journal of Applied Ecology 30:25-30. <BR>
<BR>
<P>Karl Fellenius, Masters Candidate <BR>School of Resource &
Environmental Management <BR>8888 University Drive, Simon Fraser University
<BR>Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, <A
href="http://www.rem.sfu.ca">http://www.rem.sfu.ca</A> <BR>karlf@sfu.ca
ph & fax (604)464-9140 cell (604)377-7597
<P>Research: <BR>-Tourism for the Community Coastal Zone: Official Community
<BR> Plans in the Canadian Georgia Basin <BR>
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