[Coral-List] Re: Coral reef in the Arabian ( Persian) gulf (AbdulAziz AlMazrooei)
Bernhard Riegl
rieglb at nova.edu
Tue Oct 4 15:57:56 EDT 2005
Abdel-Aziz,
You need to read (given in alphabetical sequence, not in order of
relevance...they're all relevant):
George, J. D., and John, D. M. 1999. High sea temperatures along the coast
of Abu Dhabi (UAE), Arabian Gulf their impact upon corals and macroalgae.
Reef Encounter 25:21-23.
George, J. D., and John, D. M. 2000a. The effects of the recent prolonged
high seawater temperatures on the coral reefs of Abu Dhabi (UAE). Int Symp
on Extent of Coral Bleaching:28-29.
George, J. D., and John, D. M. 2004. The coral reefs of Abu Dhabi, United
Arab Emirates: Past, present and future. In: Marine Atlas of Abu Dhabi. Eds
R.A. Loughland, Al Muhairi, F.S., Fadel S.S., Almehdi A.M. and P. Hellyer,
pp. 142-156. Emirates Heritage Club. Milan, Italy: Centro Poligrafico
Milano SpA.
Riegl, B. 2002. Effects of the 1996 and 1998 positive sea-surface
temperature anomalies on corals, coral diseases and fish in the Arabian
Gulf (Dubai, UAE) Mar. Biol. 140:29-40.
Riegl, B, and Piller, W. E. 2003. Possible refugia for reefs in times of
environmental stress. Int. J. Earth Sci (Geol. Rdsch). 92:520-531.
Riegl B (2003) Global climate change and coral reefs: different effects in
two high latitude areas (Arabian Gulf, South Africa). Coral Reefs 22(3):433-446
Sheppard, C.R.C., and Loughland, R. 2002. Coral mortality and recovery in
response to increasing temperature in the southern Arabian Gulf. Aquat.
Ecosyst. Health Manage. 5:395-402.
Sheppard, C. R. C. 2003. Predicted recurrence of coral mass mortality in
the Indian Ocean. Nature 425:294-297.
All essential reading. From there, you'll find further links into the
literature. There's stacks more but you'll have to look for yourself.
Best wishes
Bernhard Riegl
At 18:41 10/4/2005 +0000, you wrote:
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>Today's Topics:
>
> 1. Coral reef in the Arabian ( Persian) gulf (AbdulAziz AlMazrooei)
> 2. RE: Present Bleaching Event - PR & USVI etc. (Patti Nicoll)
> 3. Filamentous organisms on Acropora (yuen yeongshyan)
> 4. Bleaching in the British Virgin Islands (Shannon Gore)
>
>
>----------------------------------------------------------------------
>
>Message: 1
>Date: Tue, 4 Oct 2005 04:02:59 -0700 (PDT)
>From: AbdulAziz AlMazrooei <abdulaziz_almazrooei at yahoo.com>
>Subject: [Coral-List] Coral reef in the Arabian ( Persian) gulf
>To: coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
>Message-ID: <20051004110259.13683.qmail at web52213.mail.yahoo.com>
>Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1
>
>Hi
>
>thank u for letting me join to u
>
>I have to do an assignment about the climate changes in the Arabian gulf
>and one of these climate changes is increasing in temperature.
>
>I think i can make a relationship between coral reef and increasing in
>temperature.
>
>If you have any researsh or study, please send it to me.
>
>thank you
>
>Abdul Aziz
>
>
>---------------------------------
>Yahoo! for Good
> Click here to donate to the Hurricane Katrina relief effort. From
> Alan.E.Strong at noaa.gov Tue Oct 4 14:13:20 2005
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>Date: Mon, 03 Oct 2005 11:32:55 -0400
>From: "Alan E. Strong" <Alan.E.Strong at noaa.gov>
>Subject: Re: [Coral-List] Severe bleaching in St. John, Virgin Islands
>In-reply-to: <OF2EFBEF7F.F5618DD2-ON0425708C.006E70CA at usgs.gov>
>To: Caroline S Rogers <caroline_rogers at usgs.gov>
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>
>Hi Caroline -- What a wicked year for your region....
>
>http://www.osdpd.noaa.gov/PSB/EPS/SST/data2/dhwa.9.30.2005.gif
>
>I am presently seeing DHW levels (link above) close to "13"!! and over
>"14" to the NE of you possible the most remote regions of the Virgins.
>One would expect these levels to be peaking at this time....let's hope
>the fact the the primary source of energy has slipped south of the
>Equator will let SSTs return to more tolerable levels....
>
>Regards,
>Al
>
>Caroline S Rogers wrote:
>
> >
> >Consistent with Al Strong's predictions, there is now severe bleaching of
> >most of the coral species on the reefs of St. John, US Virgin Islands.
> >Bleaching was first noted on Millepora, Agaricia, and the zoanthid Palythoa
> >beginning in August. In the last 2 weeks, the bleaching has become more
> >extensive. The major reef building or common coral species affected
> >include:
> >
> >Montastraea annularis, M.faveolata, M. franksi, Porites astreoides, Porites
> >porites, Diploria labyrinthiformis, Colpophyllia natans, and D. strigosa.
> >Acropora palmata, Acropora cervicornis, Dendrogyra cylindrus and M.
> >cavernosa are exhibiting less bleaching.
> >
> >Mean water temperatures (at depth) for August and September are the highest
> >recorded in 15 years of temperature monitoring. Water temperatures from a
> >site at 16 m have been over 30 C since September 5th, reaching a maximum on
> >of 30.8 on September 26.
> >
> >
> >Jeff Miller
> >Fisheries Biologist
> >South Florida/Caribbean Network
> >
> >Mailing Address:
> >Virgin Islands National Park
> >1300 Cruz Bay Creek
> >St. John, VI 00830
> >
> >PH: 340-693-8950, ext: 227
> >Fax: 340-693-9131
> >
> >William_J_Miller at nps.gov
> >
> >Caroline Rogers
> >USGS Caribbean Field Station
> >St. John, VI
> >
> >caroline_rogers at usgs.gov
> >
> >(Embedded image moved to file: pic00491.jpg)
> >
> >------------------------------------------------------------------------
> >
> >_______________________________________________
> >Coral-List mailing list
> >Coral-List at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
> >http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/mailman/listinfo/coral-list
> >
> >
>
>--
>**** <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< *******
>Alan E. Strong
>Branch Chief, Marine Ecosystem and Climate Branch (MECB)
>Coral Reef Watch Project Coordinator
>Phys Scientist/Oceanographer
> NOAA/NESDIS/ORA/SOCD -- E/RA3 {formerly NOAA/NESDIS/ORA/ORAD}
> NOAA Science Center -- RM 601
> 5200 Auth Road
> Camp Springs, MD 20746-4304
> Alan.E.Strong at noaa.gov
> 301-763-8102 x170 [Tues-Thurs]
> 301-713-2857 x108 [Mon & Fri]
> (SSMC1 - RM 5304; Silver Spring, MD)
> FAX: 301-763-8572
> http://coralreefwatch.noaa.gov/
>
>
>--------------060405080506060209080309--
>
>------------------------------
>
>Message: 2
>Date: Tue, 4 Oct 2005 12:58:47 -0500
>From: "Patti Nicoll" <pnicoll at smhall.org>
>Subject: RE: [Coral-List] Present Bleaching Event - PR & USVI etc.
>To: <carib at marine.usf.edu>, "Alan E. Strong" <Alan.E.Strong at noaa.gov>
>Cc: Roger B Griffis <Roger.B.Griffis at noaa.gov>,
> coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov, Christopher Landsea
> <Chris.Landsea at noaa.gov>, Doug Wilson <Doug.Wilson at noaa.gov>,
> "scott.stripling" <scott.stripling at noaa.gov>, George Maul
> <gmaul at fit.edu>, Chris Strong
> <christopher.strong at noaa.gov>, Miller
> Laury <Laury.Miller at noaa.gov>,
> Lisamarie.Carrubba at noaa.gov, "Julio M.
> Morell Rodriguez" <j_morell at cima.uprm.edu>
>Message-ID: <E83022F11ABC3B4A8E7CFC6CBBE72144DF5C88 at exch01.smhall.org>
>Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
>
>Hear, hear, well said!
>
>-----Original Message-----
>From: Frank Muller-Karger [mailto:carib at marine.usf.edu]
>Sent: Saturday, October 01, 2005 8:59 AM
>To: Alan E. Strong
>Cc: Christopher Landsea; Doug Wilson; scott.stripling; George Maul;
>Miller Laury; Roger B Griffis; coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov; 'Julio M.
>Morell Rodriguez'; Chris Strong; Lisamarie.Carrubba at noaa.gov
>Subject: Re: [Coral-List] Present Bleaching Event - PR & USVI etc.
>
>
>Dear Alan:
>
>Thanks for forwarding this message. This exchange reminds me of the
>emails we sent each other earlier this year as we noticed the weak trade
>
>winds and higher SST's we observed in the Caribbean and middle of the
>tropical Atlantic...
>
>As you probably know, there is an effort to establish the Caribbean
>Regional Association (CaRA) of the Integrated Ocean Observing System
>under leadership of the University of the Virgin Islands (Roy
>Watlington) and the University of Puerto Rico (Julio Morell). This is
>with seed funding from NOAA's Coastal Services Center. CaRA is an ideal
>vehicle to move ahead in organizing regional partnerships to develop the
>
>observing system you and Scott have properly identified as necessary for
>
>the region. We need to link this also with the Southeastern Coastal
>Ocean Regional Association and the various IOCARIBE GOOS efforts.
>
>Note that the National Science FOundation also has funded, for over 10
>years now, an oceanographic time series in the Southern Caribbean
>(CARIACO). Another time series is supported by the state of Puerto Rico
>and the University of Puerto Rico (CATS).
>
>Engaging and supporting CaRA to help it develop would be a very
>beneficial thing for all in the region. It can help integrate the
>various NOAA, NSF, local and numerous NGO and other commercial programs
>that collect data independently - much of that data will be lost if not
>coordinated into a common format and database.
>
>You may also recall that we have several academic and private entities
>that are doing an incredibly good job of doing remote sensing of the
>region, and collecting, processing and redistributing various
>comprehensive remote sensing datasets. These creative entities are a
>step ahead in creating new ways to deliver and visualize the data for
>the public, scientists, and managers in the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico
>
>region. I would like to see these programs better integrated in the
>NESDIS vision, rather than being effectively ignored by NESDIS (or
>NESDIS subsequently developing internal programs that try to do the same
>
>thing).
>
>I make another call for you and NOAA to partner with these entities
>within the region to serve the region, rather than develop all solutions
>
>internally within NOAA. I think everyone benefits this way, by nurturing
>
>the creative and entrepreneurial spirit you have in the community, and
>at the same time supporting the government's 24/7 role to protect our
>lives and property.
>
>Best regards,
>Frank
>
>Alan E. Strong wrote:
>
> > Hi Scott,
> >
> > Thanks for that relevant overview of hurricane
> > development/growth....keep your eyes open for next week's EOS. One of
>
> > our Branches here at NESDIS/ORA has a paper on the explosive
> > development of Katrina [also Rita!] as they moved through the
> > Gulf..over the DEEP warm waters (fuel supply) of the Loop Current....
> >
> > Cheers,
> > Al
> >
> > PS....I have CCed two Christopher's on this for their possible
> > comments: one with NHC and the other my son at the DC Forecast Office
> > in Sterling, VA
> >
> > scott.stripling wrote:
> >
> >> Kristen, Alan-
> >>
> >> To answer Kristen's question, atmospheric conditions, as well as
> >> oceanic conditions, must be favorable
> >> for tropical cyclones to form. So a very warm ocean will not
> >> necessarily lead to tropical cyclone
> >> development all by itself. Due to the oceanography of the local
> >> region, every year the upper layer
> >> waters are warm enough to support the development of tropical
> >> cyclones here in the NE Caribbean.
> >> The anomalously warm SST's that aid in setting up the biological
> >> conditions for bleaching can be assumed
> >> to be connected to weaker than normal trades across or very near the
> >> region in question, and/or
> >> other significant low level atmospheric changes that result in
> >> significant changes in oceanic currents.
> >> Both of these conditions now appear at play in our region. Surface
> >> pressure across the W Atlantic and into
> >> the northern Caribbean have generaly been below normal since the
> >> beginning of the year. This has helped
> >> to produce a displaced, or much weakened "Bermuda High", with the
> >> dominant high pressure cell
> >> in the Atlantic meandering closer to the Azores in the central and NE
>
> >> Atlantic. This has caused a reduced
> >> trade wind flow across the tropical Atlantic, leading to less mixing,
>
> >> and slower regional currents. Too,
> >> another factor at play is the larger scale horizontal circulation of
> >> the Atlantic. During the past 2 years, there
> >> have been extended periods (on the order of several weeks) with
> >> greatly reduced transport or flow in the
> >> Gulf Stream off of Florida. This has to contribute to a slower than
> >> normal Atlantic Basin circulation and
> >> other such anomalies in the circulation patterns.
> >>
> >> It has been my contention that NOAA will never be able to accurately
> >> model the coupled global
> >> ocean-atmosphere system unless there is a more comprehensive in situ
> >> oceanic observing network
> >> established, with highest importance placed in regions of the major
> >> currents. In the case of the Atlantic,
> >> the Gulf stream is the major heat input to the hemisphere, and all
> >> the water flowing through the Gulf stream
> >> originates in the Caribbean. So to accurately model the entire
> >> Atlantic circulation, one would assume
> >> that in situ measurements would be needed of both the input and the
> >> output of the Gulf stream. That
> >> would mean monitoring the flow through the major passages into the
> >> Caribbean, as well as key segments
> >> along the Gulf stream flow. So...while I am on my soap box, may I ask
>
> >> of you on the coral list, and
> >> in NOAA to help point out this important issue to NOAA policy makers.
>
> >> One of NOAA's big
> >> strategic goals for the next decade is monitoring and modeling of
> >> climate change. I argue that if
> >> we don't have the proper input into the models, how can we accurately
>
> >> model this complex system?
> >>
> >> Scott Stripling
> >> NOAA-NWS San Juan
> >>
> >> Alan E. Strong wrote:
> >>
> >>> Hi Kristen -- Now that would be an interesting survey....we have
> >>> often observed that once an overall bleaching tendency has
> >>> established itself over a certain region as hurricanes move though
> >>> that region SSTs are brought down by mixing and upwelling.
> >>> Obviously, this extra "fuel" available for the tropical storm has
> >>> the ability to enhance these tropical storms...so much more is
> >>> necessary from the atmosphere to first permit a tropical depression
> >>> to first develop...therein lies the key....
> >>> Right now we are witnessing a large pool of anomalously high SSTs
> >>> centered around the Virgin Islands...but no hurricanes have actually
>
> >>> formed or been enhance, to my knowledge, over that area yet this
> >>> year...
> >>>
> >>> Cheers,
> >>> Al
> >>>
> >>> Kristen Hoss wrote:
> >>>
> >>>> Hello,
> >>>>
> >>>> I was wondering if anyone has ever studied the correlation of coral
>
> >>>> bleaching episodes as possible indicators of what hurricane
> >>>> activity may be like during the year? I was wondering if there was
>
> >>>> a connection that could be used as a prediction tool, or if the
> >>>> correlation would just be related to the already known water
> >>>> temperatures and weather patterns, etc....
> >>>>
> >>>> -Kristen Hoss
> >>>> Marine Researcher
> >>>> and Wildlife Biologist-USDA/APHIS/WS
> >>>>
> >>>> */"scott.stripling" <scott.stripling at noaa.gov>/* wrote:
> >>>>
> >>>> With the NE Caribbean currently located underneath an elongated
> >>>> area of
> >>>> low pressure,
> >>>> light and variable winds will continue to dominate the region
> >>>> for the
> >>>> next 1 to 2 weeks.
> >>>> Computer models are forecasting only brief (6-12 hour periods)
>of
> >>>> anything
> >>>> approaching normal trade wind flow during this time. Thus the
> >>>> stagnant
> >>>> mixing conditions will
> >>>> persist regionally through the first week of October, at the
> >>>> least.
> >>>>
> >>>> Scott Stripling
> >>>> NOAA/NWS San Juan
> >>>>
> >>>> Alan E Strong wrote:
> >>>>
> >>>> > *NOTICE - Bleaching continues to evolve throughout Eastern
> >>>> Caribbean*
> >>>> >
> >>>> > Beginning in the central Keys during August (Sombrero Key
> >>>> especially)
> >>>> > the warm water episode and accompanying bleaching for this
> >>>> year is
> >>>> > progressing south and eastward through Cuba, Puerto Rico and
>the
> >>>> > Virgin Islands. This can visually be seen in our recen t
>12-week
> >>>> > composite of HotSpot accumulations - Degree Heating Weeks
> >>>> (DHWs):
> >>>> >
> >>>> >
>http://www.osdpd.noaa.gov/PSB/EPS/SST/data2/dhwa.9.19.2005.gif
> >>>> >
> >>>> > and HotSpots:
> >>>> >
> >>>> > http://www.osdpd.noaa.gov/PSB/EPS/SST/data/hotspotwnc.gif
> >>>> >
> >>>> > Extremely high DHWs above "8" in much of the Virgin Islands
>are
> >>>> quite
> >>>> > worrisome as these levels in past bleaching events typically
> >>>> bring
> >>>> > some mortality to corals. This evolving episode continues to
> >>>> be at
> >>>> > near unprecedented levels of thermal stress for this region
> >>>> since our
> >>>> > satellite records began in the mid-80s. From the chart one
>can
> >>>> observe
> >>>> > that eastern Puerto Rico is under higher levels of thermal
> >>>> stress at
> >>>> > present than western PR....hence the recent reports of
> >>>> considerable
> >>>> > bleaching. Until some reduced solar radiation and/or wind &
> >>>> mixing
> >>>> > comes to the "rescue" we worry about prospects along much of
>the
> >>>> > Windward Islands toward South America over the next month or
>so.
> >>>> >
> >>>> > Sorry our repot couldn't be more positive.
> >>>> >
> >>>> > Regards,
> >>>> >
> >>>> > Al Strong
> >>>> > NOAA's Coral Reef Watch
> >>>> > http://coralreefwatch.noaa.gov/satellite/index.html
> >>>> >
> >>>>
> >>>>
> >-----------------------------------------------------------------------
>-
> >>>>
> >>>> >
> >>>> >_______________________________________________
> >>>> >Coral-List mailing list
> >>>> >Coral-List at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
> >>>> >http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/mailman/listinfo/coral-list
> >>>> >
> >>>> >
> >>>> _______________________________________________
> >>>> Coral-List mailing list
> >>>> Coral-List at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
> >>>> http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/mailman/listinfo/coral-list
> >>>>
> >>>>
>------------------------------------------------------------------------
>
> >>>>
> >>>> Yahoo! for Good
> >>>> Click here to donate <http://store.yahoo.com/redcross-donate3/> to
> >>>> the Hurricane Katrina relief effort.
> >>>
> >>>
> >>>
> >>>
> >>>
> >
> >-----------------------------------------------------------------------
>-
> >
> >_______________________________________________
> >Coral-List mailing list
> >Coral-List at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
> >http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/mailman/listinfo/coral-list
> >
> >
>
>--
>
>__________________ FMK __________________
>Frank Muller-Karger
>Institute for Marine Remote Sensing/IMaRS
>College of Marine Science
>University of South Florida
>140 7th Ave. South
>St Petersburg, FL 33701
>
>Phones:
> (727) 553-3335 Office
> (727) 553-1186 Lab.
> (727) 553-1103 FAX
>
>e-mail/www:
><< carib at marine.usf.edu >>
><< http://imars.usf.edu>>
>_________________________________________
>
>
>------------------------------
>
>Message: 3
>Date: Mon, 3 Oct 2005 19:17:04 -0700 (PDT)
>From: yuen yeongshyan <yeongshyan at yahoo.com>
>Subject: [Coral-List] Filamentous organisms on Acropora
>To: coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
>Message-ID: <20051004021704.92114.qmail at web53502.mail.yahoo.com>
>Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1
>
>Dear members of coral-list,
>
> I am a PhD student studying coral reefs and while I
>was diving in Zamami Island, Okinawa 2 weeks ago I
>encountered an unknown phenomena on Acropora
>cylindrica. Many of them are covered by red,
>filamentous, string-like organisms (It was blue in
>colour underwater) at average 6 m depth. I am
>interested to know more about this phenomena, have
>anyone come across similar phenomena? Any information
>is higly appreciated.
>
>Thank you very much.
>
>Yours sincerely,
>Yuen Yeong Shyan
>PhD student
>Faculty of Science
>Univeristy of The Ryukyu
>1 Senbaru, Nishihara
>Okinawa 903-0213
>Japan
>http//www.u-ryukyu.ac.jp
>
>
>
>
>
>__________________________________
>Yahoo! Mail - PC Magazine Editors' Choice 2005
>http://mail.yahoo.com
>
>------------------------------
>
>Message: 4
>Date: Tue, 4 Oct 2005 09:21:12 -0700 (PDT)
>From: Shannon Gore <sd_gore at yahoo.com>
>Subject: [Coral-List] Bleaching in the British Virgin Islands
>To: coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
>Message-ID: <20051004162113.43415.qmail at web40611.mail.yahoo.com>
>Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1
>
>
>The British Virgin Islands are also experiencing bleaching similar to St.
>John, USVI. Signs of bleaching occured 6 weeks ago but over the past 2
>weeks, bleaching has been severe. Over 90% is bleached down to 30m and
>temperatures are reading 30 deg. C. on dive guages. A number of corals
>have been tagged at various locations and depths to monitor recovery, if
>any. Fishermen from Anegada are also reporting "white reefs" around
>Horeshoe Reef.
>
>
>
>Shannon Gore
>
>BVI Consevation & Fisheries Department
>
>
>
>Dr. Charles Sheppard
>
>University of Warwick
>
>
>
>Clive Petrovic
>
>Environmental Consultant
>
>www.econcerns.com
>
>
>
>
>
>---------------------------------
>Yahoo! for Good
> Click here to donate to the Hurricane Katrina relief effort. From
> Doug.Wilson at noaa.gov Tue Oct 4 14:13:08 2005
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>Cc: Rick Devoe <Rick.Devoe at scseagrant.org>,
> Christopher Landsea <Chris.Landsea at noaa.gov>,
> maltalo at coreocean.org, Peter Ortner <Peter.Ortner at noaa.gov>,
> "scott.stripling" <scott.stripling at noaa.gov>, George Maul
> <gmaul at fit.edu>,
> Miller Laury <Laury.Miller at noaa.gov>,
> Margaret Davidson <Margaret.Davidson at noaa.gov>,
> Roger B Griffis <Roger.B.Griffis at noaa.gov>,
> coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov,
> "'Julio M. Morell Rodriguez'" <j_morell at cima.uprm.edu>,
> Chris Strong <christopher.strong at noaa.gov>,
> Lisamarie.Carrubba at noaa.gov
>Subject: [Coral-List] Caribbean Obs - response to recent Coral mails
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>All,
>I find this an interesting discussion. It touches on many of my long
>time interests in the Caribbean, from observing systems, to FL Straits
>transport, to measurements of inflow. On the NOAA side, I have
>advocated for coordination of agency efforts in the region. This has
>been particularly hard on the international front, in spite of
>well-intentioned recent efforts like White Water to Blue Water, but my
>hope has been that with the creation of the Caribbean IOOS RA, we would
>have a way to move towards greater efforts in the region as a whole.
>
>This might be a good opportunity to make this group of addressees -
>joined by common interests in the region - aware of activities that I am
>involved in, and perhaps provide motivation for a larger discussion of
>how we can each take further steps to develop a way to combine all our
>similar activities in a better, more integrated way.
>
>First attachment are two slides from a presentation I gave to Al, Roger,
>Kara, et al in Boulder a few years ago when they were considering CREIOS
>- Coral Reef Ecosystem Integrated Observing Sytem - not sure where that
>plan went but it should be a excellent way to get involved in CaRA.
>
>Recently, in a effort to build a zeroth-order observing system for the
>region, in my role as IOCARIBE-GOOS co-chair, I have been focusing on
>trying to establish a a basic sea-level network (considerable
>documentation at www.IOCARIBEGOOS.org). Although we made this a goal in
>2004, it has drawn some new interest since the Indian Ocean tsunami and
>new discussions of a tsunami and coastal hazards mitigation system for
>the Caribbean. I think that we now have enough US support - between
>David Green's tsunami group, GLOSS and OGP, some new money coming from
>the USAID/State Third Basin Initiative through NOAA, and a relevant
>milestone in the White House 'North American Security and Prosperity
>Program' (attached J16...; see
>http://www.usembassy.org.uk/forpo691.html). I am working to bring
>togethar a NOAA group to meet on these, in preparation for a wider
>regional discussion. There are other opportunities to support regional
>GOOS pilot projects in the region that would be strengthened if we had a
>broader base of support. I am also using this opportunity to sugget
>that NOAA consider how we can contribute to 'observing system' (in the
>broadest meaning of the term) activities in the domestic and
>international region. I cannot stress enough the importance of some
>integrated INVESTMENT in regional activities with tangible and
>sustainable results (credit to the coral folks for their work to date).
>
>Margaret, I know CSC is committed to supporting RA's - maybe we could
>put something together with CaRA, (with the help of SEA and G COOSes?)
>to make a larger audience aware of regional needs and opportunities for
>partnership.
>
>Thanks for your time,
>
>
>Doug
>
>
>Frank Muller-Karger wrote:
>
> >
> > Roger - thank you for your prompt reply (glad to see you are back in
> > action). Perhaps this email train adds volume to the coral-list, but I
> > am copying Rick DeVoe (chair of SECOORA) and Julio Morell and Roy
> > Watlington (co-chairs of CaRA) to see if we can understand a bit
> > better why there is the perception that the US Fed agencies have not
> > been invited to participate in the development of the IOOS RA's. I
> > would hope that this is not the case since there is a clear role for
> > the agencies in this process. I see this as an opportunity to develop
> > a stronger four-legged chair, where the legs are: private
> > (commerce/NGO), academic, education, government (local, national,
> > international).
> >
> > With respect to partnerships, this is an opportunity to build up
> > capacity in the regions using existing programs (state,
> > researc/academic, NGO, commerce) to satisfy needs that feed into the
> > government management process. NOAA and other operational agencies can
> > and should use the exramural science community more - this is a
> > responsive community. This is admittedly a bit vague, but we can start
> > talking about specifics. One example that spans the whole region is
> > remote sensing.
> >
> > We can perhaps use the RA's as a focal point for partnerships, and
> > help them (is the word "incentivate" good here?) to coordinate us.
> >
> > Frank
> >
> > Roger B Griffis wrote:
> >
> >> Hello Frank - Thank you for the information and good suggestions. We
> >> (NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program) are very keen to be full
> >> contributing partners with the new Caribbean Regional Association (CaRA)
> >> of the Integrated Ocean Observing System and the other efforts you
> >> mention as well. Agree there is much to be gained in better integration
> >> and collaboration.
> >>
> >> However, since the federal agencies have not been actively
> >> requested/invited to engage in these regional IOOS groups however, we
> >> have found it difficult to engage. Please advise how you suggest we do
> >> this ie key contacts, what information would be most useful. We have
> >> the contact info for the CaRA leads and will contact them to offer
> >> assistance.
> >>
> >> I am also particularly interested in your suggestions on how to better
> >> collaboration/integrate efforts with "...the creative entities are a
> >> step ahead in creating new ways to deliver and visualize the data for
> >> the public, scientists, and managers in the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico
> >> region."
> >> We stand ready and eager to provide information on the observing
> >> tools/capabilities we can bring to regional efforts, and better
> >> integrate these in regional context.
> >>
> >> Thanks -
> >> Roger
> >>
> >>
> >>
> >>> Frank Muller-Karger wrote:
> >>>
> >>> Dear Alan:
> >>>
> >>> Thanks for forwarding this message. This exchange reminds me of the
> >>> emails we sent each other earlier this year as we noticed the weak
> >>> trade winds and higher SST's we observed in the Caribbean and middle
> >>> of the tropical Atlantic...
> >>>
> >>> As you probably know, there is an effort to establish the Caribbean
> >>> Regional Association (CaRA) of the Integrated Ocean Observing System
> >>> under leadership of the University of the Virgin Islands (Roy
> >>> Watlington) and the University of Puerto Rico (Julio Morell). This is
> >>> with seed funding from NOAA's Coastal Services Center. CaRA is an
> >>> ideal vehicle to move ahead in organizing regional partnerships to
> >>> develop the observing system you and Scott have properly identified as
> >>> necessary for the region. We need to link this also with the
> >>> Southeastern Coastal Ocean Regional Association and the various
> >>> IOCARIBE GOOS efforts.
> >>>
> >>> Note that the National Science FOundation also has funded, for over 10
> >>> years now, an oceanographic time series in the Southern Caribbean
> >>> (CARIACO). Another time series is supported by the state of Puerto
> >>> Rico and the University of Puerto Rico (CATS).
> >>>
> >>> Engaging and supporting CaRA to help it develop would be a very
> >>> beneficial thing for all in the region. It can help integrate the
> >>> various NOAA, NSF, local and numerous NGO and other commercial
> >>> programs that collect data independently - much of that data will be
> >>> lost if not coordinated into a common format and database.
> >>>
> >>> You may also recall that we have several academic and private entities
> >>> that are doing an incredibly good job of doing remote sensing of the
> >>> region, and collecting, processing and redistributing various
> >>> comprehensive remote sensing datasets. These creative entities are a
> >>> step ahead in creating new ways to deliver and visualize the data for
> >>> the public, scientists, and managers in the Caribbean and Gulf of
> >>> Mexico region. I would like to see these programs better integrated in
> >>> the NESDIS vision, rather than being effectively ignored by NESDIS (or
> >>> NESDIS subsequently developing internal programs that try to do the
> >>> same thing).
> >>>
> >>> I make another call for you and NOAA to partner with these entities
> >>> within the region to serve the region, rather than develop all
> >>> solutions internally within NOAA. I think everyone benefits this way,
> >>> by nurturing the creative and entrepreneurial spirit you have in the
> >>> community, and at the same time supporting the government's 24/7 role
> >>> to protect our lives and property.
> >>>
> >>> Best regards,
> >>> Frank
> >>>
> >>> Alan E. Strong wrote:
> >>>
> >>>
> >>>
> >>>> Hi Scott,
> >>>>
> >>>> Thanks for that relevant overview of hurricane
> >>>> development/growth....keep your eyes open for next week's EOS. One
> >>>> of our Branches here at NESDIS/ORA has a paper on the explosive
> >>>> development of Katrina [also Rita!] as they moved through the
> >>>> Gulf..over the DEEP warm waters (fuel supply) of the Loop
> >>>> Current....
> >>>>
> >>>> Cheers,
> >>>> Al
> >>>>
> >>>> PS....I have CCed two Christopher's on this for their possible
> >>>> comments: one with NHC and the other my son at the DC Forecast
> >>>> Office in Sterling, VA
> >>>>
> >>>> scott.stripling wrote:
> >>>>
> >>>>
> >>>>
> >>>>> Kristen, Alan-
> >>>>>
> >>>>> To answer Kristen's question, atmospheric conditions, as well as
> >>>>> oceanic conditions, must be favorable
> >>>>> for tropical cyclones to form. So a very warm ocean will not
> >>>>> necessarily lead to tropical cyclone
> >>>>> development all by itself. Due to the oceanography of the local
> >>>>> region, every year the upper layer
> >>>>> waters are warm enough to support the development of tropical
> >>>>> cyclones here in the NE Caribbean.
> >>>>> The anomalously warm SST's that aid in setting up the biological
> >>>>> conditions for bleaching can be assumed
> >>>>> to be connected to weaker than normal trades across or very near
> >>>>> the region in question, and/or
> >>>>> other significant low level atmospheric changes that result in
> >>>>> significant changes in oceanic currents.
> >>>>> Both of these conditions now appear at play in our region. Surface
> >>>>> pressure across the W Atlantic and into
> >>>>> the northern Caribbean have generaly been below normal since the
> >>>>> beginning of the year. This has helped
> >>>>> to produce a displaced, or much weakened "Bermuda High", with the
> >>>>> dominant high pressure cell
> >>>>> in the Atlantic meandering closer to the Azores in the central and
> >>>>> NE Atlantic. This has caused a reduced
> >>>>> trade wind flow across the tropical Atlantic, leading to less
> >>>>> mixing, and slower regional currents. Too,
> >>>>> another factor at play is the larger scale horizontal circulation
> >>>>> of the Atlantic. During the past 2 years, there
> >>>>> have been extended periods (on the order of several weeks) with
> >>>>> greatly reduced transport or flow in the
> >>>>> Gulf Stream off of Florida. This has to contribute to a slower
> >>>>> than normal Atlantic Basin circulation and
> >>>>> other such anomalies in the circulation patterns.
> >>>>>
> >>>>> It has been my contention that NOAA will never be able to
> >>>>> accurately model the coupled global
> >>>>> ocean-atmosphere system unless there is a more comprehensive in
> >>>>> situ oceanic observing network
> >>>>> established, with highest importance placed in regions of the
> >>>>> major currents. In the case of the Atlantic,
> >>>>> the Gulf stream is the major heat input to the hemisphere, and all
> >>>>> the water flowing through the Gulf stream
> >>>>> originates in the Caribbean. So to accurately model the entire
> >>>>> Atlantic circulation, one would assume
> >>>>> that in situ measurements would be needed of both the input and
> >>>>> the output of the Gulf stream. That
> >>>>> would mean monitoring the flow through the major passages into the
> >>>>> Caribbean, as well as key segments
> >>>>> along the Gulf stream flow. So...while I am on my soap box, may I
> >>>>> ask of you on the coral list, and
> >>>>> in NOAA to help point out this important issue to NOAA policy
> >>>>> makers. One of NOAA's big
> >>>>> strategic goals for the next decade is monitoring and modeling of
> >>>>> climate change. I argue that if
> >>>>> we don't have the proper input into the models, how can we
> >>>>> accurately model this complex system?
> >>>>>
> >>>>> Scott Stripling
> >>>>> NOAA-NWS San Juan
> >>>>>
> >>>>> Alan E. Strong wrote:
> >>>>>
> >>>>>
> >>>>>
> >>>>>> Hi Kristen -- Now that would be an interesting survey....we have
> >>>>>> often observed that once an overall bleaching tendency has
> >>>>>> established itself over a certain region as hurricanes move
> >>>>>> though that region SSTs are brought down by mixing and
> >>>>>> upwelling. Obviously, this extra "fuel" available for the
> >>>>>> tropical storm has the ability to enhance these tropical
> >>>>>> storms...so much more is necessary from the atmosphere to first
> >>>>>> permit a tropical depression to first develop...therein lies the
> >>>>>> key....
> >>>>>> Right now we are witnessing a large pool of anomalously high SSTs
> >>>>>> centered around the Virgin Islands...but no hurricanes have
> >>>>>> actually formed or been enhance, to my knowledge, over that area
> >>>>>> yet this year...
> >>>>>>
> >>>>>> Cheers,
> >>>>>> Al
> >>>>>>
> >>>>>> Kristen Hoss wrote:
> >>>>>>
> >>>>>>
> >>>>>>
> >>>>>>> Hello,
> >>>>>>>
> >>>>>>> I was wondering if anyone has ever studied the correlation of
> >>>>>>> coral bleaching episodes as possible indicators of what
> >>>>>>> hurricane activity may be like during the year? I was
> >>>>>>> wondering if there was a connection that could be used as a
> >>>>>>> prediction tool, or if the correlation would just be related to
> >>>>>>> the already known water temperatures and weather patterns,
> >>>>>>> etc....
> >>>>>>>
> >>>>>>> -Kristen Hoss
> >>>>>>> Marine Researcher
> >>>>>>> and Wildlife Biologist-USDA/APHIS/WS
> >>>>>>>
> >>>>>>> */"scott.stripling" <scott.stripling at noaa.gov>/* wrote:
> >>>>>>>
> >>>>>>> With the NE Caribbean currently located underneath an
> >>>>>>> elongated
> >>>>>>> area of
> >>>>>>> low pressure,
> >>>>>>> light and variable winds will continue to dominate the
> >>>>>>> region for the
> >>>>>>> next 1 to 2 weeks.
> >>>>>>> Computer models are forecasting only brief (6-12 hour
> >>>>>>> periods) of
> >>>>>>> anything
> >>>>>>> approaching normal trade wind flow during this time. Thus
> >>>>>>> the
> >>>>>>> stagnant
> >>>>>>> mixing conditions will
> >>>>>>> persist regionally through the first week of October, at
> >>>>>>> the least.
> >>>>>>>
> >>>>>>> Scott Stripling
> >>>>>>> NOAA/NWS San Juan
> >>>>>>>
> >>>>>>> Alan E Strong wrote:
> >>>>>>>
> >>>>>>> > *NOTICE - Bleaching continues to evolve throughout
> >>>>>>> Eastern
> >>>>>>> Caribbean*
> >>>>>>> >
> >>>>>>> > Beginning in the central Keys during August (Sombrero Key
> >>>>>>>
> >>>>>>> especially)
> >>>>>>> > the warm water episode and accompanying bleaching for
> >>>>>>> this year is
> >>>>>>> > progressing south and eastward through Cuba, Puerto Rico
> >>>>>>> and the
> >>>>>>> > Virgin Islands. This can visually be seen in our recen t
> >>>>>>> 12-week
> >>>>>>> > composite of HotSpot accumulations - Degree Heating Weeks
> >>>>>>> (DHWs):
> >>>>>>> >
> >>>>>>> >
> >>>>>>> http://www.osdpd.noaa.gov/PSB/EPS/SST/data2/dhwa.9.19.2005.gif
> >>>>>>> >
> >>>>>>> > and HotSpots:
> >>>>>>> >
> >>>>>>> > http://www.osdpd.noaa.gov/PSB/EPS/SST/data/hotspotwnc.gif
> >>>>>>>
> >>>>>>> >
> >>>>>>> > Extremely high DHWs above "8" in much of the Virgin
> >>>>>>> Islands are
> >>>>>>> quite
> >>>>>>> > worrisome as these levels in past bleaching events
> >>>>>>> typically bring
> >>>>>>> > some mortality to corals. This evolving episode continues
> >>>>>>> to be at
> >>>>>>> > near unprecedented levels of thermal stress for this
> >>>>>>> region
> >>>>>>> since our
> >>>>>>> > satellite records began in the mid-80s. From the chart
> >>>>>>> one can
> >>>>>>> observe
> >>>>>>> > that eastern Puerto Rico is under higher levels of
> >>>>>>> thermal
> >>>>>>> stress at
> >>>>>>> > present than western PR....hence the recent reports of
> >>>>>>> considerable
> >>>>>>> > bleaching. Until some reduced solar radiation and/or wind
> >>>>>>> & mixing
> >>>>>>> > comes to the "rescue" we worry about prospects along much
> >>>>>>> of the
> >>>>>>> > Windward Islands toward South America over the next month
> >>>>>>> or so.
> >>>>>>> >
> >>>>>>> > Sorry our repot couldn't be more positive.
> >>>>>>> >
> >>>>>>> > Regards,
> >>>>>>> >
> >>>>>>> > Al Strong
> >>>>>>> > NOAA's Coral Reef Watch
> >>>>>>> > http://coralreefwatch.noaa.gov/satellite/index.html
> >>>>>>> >
> >>>>>>>
> >>>>>>> >-----------------------------------------------------------------
> -------
> >>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>
> >>>>>>> >
> >>>>>>> >_______________________________________________
> >>>>>>> >Coral-List mailing list
> >>>>>>> >Coral-List at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
> >>>>>>> >http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/mailman/listinfo/coral-list
> >>>>>>> >
> >>>>>>> >
> >>>>>>> _______________________________________________
> >>>>>>> Coral-List mailing list
> >>>>>>> Coral-List at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
> >>>>>>> http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/mailman/listinfo/coral-list
> >>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>
> -----------------------------------------------------------------------
> >>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>
> >>>>>>> Yahoo! for Good
> >>>>>>> Click here to donate <http://store.yahoo.com/redcross-donate3/>
> >>>>>>> to the Hurricane Katrina relief effort.
> >>>>>>>
> >>>>>>
> >>>>>>
> >>>>>>
> >>>>>>
> >>>>>>
> >>>>>
> >>>> --------------------------------------------------------------
> >>>>
> >>>> _______________________________________________
> >>>> Coral-List mailing list
> >>>> Coral-List at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
> >>>> http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/mailman/listinfo/coral-list
> >>>>
> >>>>
> >>>>
> >>>
> >>> --
> >>>
> >>> __________________ FMK __________________
> >>> Frank Muller-Karger
> >>> Institute for Marine Remote Sensing/IMaRS
> >>> College of Marine Science
> >>> University of South Florida
> >>> 140 7th Ave. South
> >>> St Petersburg, FL 33701
> >>>
> >>> Phones:
> >>> (727) 553-3335 Office
> >>> (727) 553-1186 Lab.
> >>> (727) 553-1103 FAX
> >>>
> >>> e-mail/www:
> >>> << carib at marine.usf.edu >>
> >>> << http://imars.usf.edu>>
> >>> _________________________________________
> >>>
> >
>
>--------------040209020703080801070201--
>
>------------------------------
>
>_______________________________________________
>Coral-List mailing list
>Coral-List at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
>http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/mailman/listinfo/coral-list
>
>
>End of Coral-List Digest, Vol 28, Issue 6
>*****************************************
Bernhard Riegl, PhD
National Coral Reef Institute (assoc. director)
Oceanographic Center (assoc. professor)
Nova Southeastern University
8000 N. Ocean Drive
Dania, FL 33004
Phone: 954-262 3671
Fax: 954-262 3648
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