[Coral-List] Conservation versus restoration of coral reefs
Thomas Goreau
goreau at bestweb.net
Wed Feb 13 14:05:41 EST 2008
>> From: Thomas Goreau <goreau at bestweb.net>
>> Date: February 2, 2008 1:08:20 PM EST
>> To: coral-list coral-list <coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
>> Cc: miguel_castrence at fulbrightweb.org
>> Subject: Conservation versus restoration of coral reefs
>>
>> Dear Miguel,
>>
>> Too true, as pointed out in the New York Times article you quote,
>> just letting reefs die as a lost cause is the effective result of
>> the largely unspoken consensus of most of the big conservation
>> groups,. governments, and funding agencies. At the UN Climate
>> Change Conference in Bali, the future of coral reefs and low lying
>> coasts was deliberately and knowingly sacrificed, by those who
>> simply want to continue business as usual and the profits it
>> brings them.
>>
>> Since the models being used to project future temperature and sea
>> level impacts have serious and systematic flaws that cause them to
>> under-estimate future impacts of global warming, the situation is
>> more dire than they realize. The predictions being made by the
>> models for the impacts on coral reefs are mere guesses, not only
>> do they underestimate the mean rates of increase shown by the data
>> (which will certainly accelerate) but also they also ignore the
>> variability of extreme events. An exceptionally hot year or a big
>> storm will wipe these areas out LONG before mean temperature
>> change and sea level rise does. No number of papers based on
>> models in Science and Nature or wishful thinking from IYOR can
>> reverse this.
>>
>> The bulk of the "managing resilience" fad now underway has nothing
>> in fact to do with real resilience, in the sense of making corals
>> more capable of withstanding thermal stress. It is instead a
>> desperate search for those sites that had less stress to begin
>> with, due to local weather or circulation patterns, or had already
>> long lost the stress-sensitive species and therefore superficially
>> seem to appear more stress-tolerant. As thermal stress increases,
>> even those few areas lucky enough to have escaped its serious
>> effects so far will succumb, sooner rather than later, for the
>> reasons stated above. Nevertheless, after the Indian Ocean tsunami
>> the World Bank Expert Group on Coral Reef Restoration and the
>> International Coral Reef Initiative told the countries affected
>> that restoration is "neither feasible nor prudent" and that they
>> should do nothing at all, they should just wait and the resilient
>> reefs would grow back all by themselves. But almost all of the
>> reefs in these places were already long dead for one reason or
>> another, and had failed to recover!
>>
>> There is only one method known that can keep corals alive under
>> high temperatures that would ordinarily kill them. In the Maldives
>> in 1998 the corals we were growing with our electrical trickle
>> charging method had 16 to 50 times higher survival than
>> surrounding reefs (Please note that is TIMES higher survival, not
>> PERCENT. See T. Goreau, W. Hilbertz, & A. Azeez Hakeem, 2000,
>> Increased Coral and Fish Survival on Mineral Accretion Reef
>> Structures in the Maldives after the 1998 Bleaching Event,
>> International Coral Reef Symposium, abstracts p. 263). Our corals
>> bleached too, because they were exposed to the same temperatures,
>> but they did not die, because they had more metabolic energy to
>> resist stress. Therefore there is a proven way to keep reefs alive
>> where they would otherwise die, and in our Coral Arks in some 20
>> countries we are now growing more than 80% of all the coral genera
>> in the world, despite absolutely no funding whatsoever for serious
>> coral reef restoration or adaptation work. This work is entirely
>> being done with very small individual donations and in-kind
>> funding from concerned locals in poor countries who just want to
>> keep their corals and fish alive even though the international
>> community and funding agencies have let them know in the most
>> tangible possible way that they couldn't care less if they die.
>>
>> Our work has been widely ridiculed as a futile waste of time by
>> those tossing around the big bucks. They say: if you can't save it
>> all, what's the point? Our response is: if we don't save all we
>> possibly can, what will we have left? They say: it is very
>> dangerous to tell people you can restore reefs because then you
>> are encouraging them to go and destroy reefs! We respond: that is
>> like accusing tree planters of causing rainforest destruction!
>>
>> What we can't seem to get these folks to understand is very
>> simple. We are already way past the point where conservation alone
>> of what is left can maintain the ecosystem services of coral
>> reefs. Every Marine Protected Area I've seen is full of dead and
>> dying corals, and no matter how much money is spent setting them
>> up and managing them, they are powerless to stop the decline, much
>> less reverse it. If we don't start large scale restoration we can
>> kiss our marine biodiversity, fisheries, tourism,beaches, and
>> shore protection goodbye. Large scale restoration is now our only
>> hope. But no decision makers or funders seem to get it. Nor will
>> those who predictably respond to this message saying that marine
>> protected areas and international campaigns to encourage
>> resilience are the answer.
>>
>> Best wishes,
>> Tom
>>
>> Thomas J. Goreau, PhD
>> President
>> Global Coral Reef Alliance
>> 37 Pleasant Street, Cambridge MA 02139
>> 617-864-4226
>> goreau at bestweb.net
>> http://www.globalcoral.org
>>
>> On Feb 2, 2008, at 12:00 PM, coral-list-
>> request at coral.aoml.noaa.gov wrote:
>>
>>> Date: Fri, 01 Feb 2008 09:31:04 -1000
>>> From: Miguel Castrence <miguel_castrence at fulbrightweb.org>
>>> Subject: [Coral-List] The Preservation Predicament
>>> To: coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
>>>
>>> This recent NY Times article caught my attention, especially this
>>> provocative statement:
>>>
>>> "Some conservationists advocate triage, accepting that some
>>> ecosystems, like coral reefs, may not survive in a warmer world, and
>>> putting their efforts elsewhere."
>>>
>>> I wonder if such statements could be damaging for our endeavors.
>>> --
>>> Miguel Castrence
>>> PhD Student | UH-Manoa Geography | www.geography.hawaii.edu
>>> Graduate Degree Fellow | East-West Center | eastwestcenter.org
>>> Research Assistant | Hawai`i Institute of Marine Biology |
>>> www.himb.hawaii.edu
>>>
>>> Coral-List mailing list
>>> Coral-List at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
>>> http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/mailman/listinfo/coral-list
>>>
>>> End of Coral-List Digest, Vol 56, Issue 3
>>> *****************************************
>>
>>
>>
>
> Thomas J. Goreau, PhD
> President
> Global Coral Reef Alliance
> 37 Pleasant Street, Cambridge MA 02139
> 617-864-4226
> goreau at bestweb.net
> http://www.globalcoral.org
>
Thomas J. Goreau, PhD
President
Global Coral Reef Alliance
37 Pleasant Street, Cambridge MA 02139
617-864-4226
goreau at bestweb.net
http://www.globalcoral.org
More information about the Coral-List
mailing list