[Coral-List] Coral-List Digest, Vol 7, Issue 6 sideratrea siderea loss
Ivana Kenny
ibmkenny at yahoo.com
Fri Mar 6 11:03:45 EST 2009
2. Siderastrea siderea loss (Kahlil Hassanali)
Hey Kahlil,
I did a similar survey in Jamaica and noticed that unlike the other species (except the Montastrea complex) Sideratrea siderea is affected by the most types of disease, not just dark spot (which had a very low prevalence), but also black band and white plague (as seen in the literature) especially black band.
Ivana Kenny
________________________________
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Sent: Thursday, March 5, 2009 7:26:02 AM
Subject: Coral-List Digest, Vol 7, Issue 6
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Today's Topics:
1. climate change (Eugene Shinn)
2. Siderastrea siderea loss (Kahlil Hassanali)
3. Re: illegal harvesting of coral (Delbeek, Charles)
4. Fish to eat and fish not to eat (Lockwood, Bonnie)
5. Do corals need fish to remain healthy? (Larry at OpenDoorWorld.com)
6. Coral Lipids Analysis (Roxanna Myers)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Message: 1
Date: Wed, 4 Mar 2009 11:58:43 -0500
From: Eugene Shinn <eshinn at marine.usf.edu>
Subject: [Coral-List] climate change
To: coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Message-ID: <a06230945c5d4630533fd@[131..247.137.127]>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" ; format="flowed"
Doug, I promised myself a few years ago that I would avoid getting
caught up in public debates about climate. It is too much like
arguing religion. Sorry I let my guard down and forwarded the
comments of a friend who is very much engaged with the issue. Guess I
opened Pandora's box.
I did communicate your comments to this fellow. His response is below.
(Do you get the feeling there is a minor war going on??)
"They are trying to obfuscate the issue, Gene. Wikipedia is not an
expert source, nor is googling names a legitimate way to identify
people. If you were to google me, you would not find all my 23
publications on climate, nor most of my background, nor my 200 plus
total publication record. Same for you. This argument is nothing more
than the computer modeling of climate - vapid at best, dishonest at
worst. I agree, there is no arguing with theology."
Since everyone is stirred up they might as well read this:
HAS THE CLIMATE RECENTLY SHIFTED?
Paul Biggs [<mailto:p.m.biggs at bham.ac.uk>p.m.biggs at bham.ac.uk]
Kyle Swanson and Isaac Held make some odd comments in the Discovery News
article (CCNet 3/3/09), which questions where global warming went.
Apparently, the 'radiative forcing' of CO2 will stay in an unknown
hiding place for 30 years and then jump out on us! This sounds like an
excuse for buying more time for the failing hypothesis which attempts to
implicate CO2 as THE driver of climate. They also seem to claim that
natural variability largely manifests itself as cooling rather than
warming.
Swanson was, of course, a co-author on the 2007 Tsonis et al GRL paper
'A new dynamical mechanism for major climate shifts' in which the
authors claimed to be able to explain all the global temperature
tendency changes and El Nino variability in the 20th century, without
CO2. They go on to say that major climate shifts have occurred or will
occur around 1913, 1942, 1978, 2033, and 2072 and they also predicted a
0.2 Celsius cooling between 2005 and 2020 which should be followed by a
0.3 Celsius warming until 2045 or so - then cooling for the rest of the
21st century. The authors also state that, "The standard explanation for
the post 1970s warming is that the radiative effect of greenhouse gases
overcame shortwave reflection effects due to aerosols [Mann and Emanuel,
2006]. However, comparison of the 2035 event in the 21st century
simulation and the 1910s event in the observations with this event,
suggests an alternative hypothesis, namely that the climate shifted
after the 1970s event to a different state of a warmer climate, which
may be superimposed on an anthropogenic warming trend." A new paper from
Wang, Swanson and Tsonis, 'The pacemaker of major climate shifts'
suggests the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) as the 'pacemaker.' The
latest paper from Swanson and Tsonis, accepted for publication on 24th
February, asks the question 'Has the climate recently shifted?' Their
answer is yes it probably has. In 2001/02 climate shifted away from the
consistent warming trend for the period 1976/77 to 2001/02. This is set
against a background of global CO2 emissions increasing at a rate of
3.5% per year since 2000.
Meanwhile, Nir Shaviv's latest paper finds more evidence of an unknown
solar amplification mechanism, where the radiative forcing associated
with small changes in Total Solar Irradiance (TSI) over the 11-year
solar cycle are multiplied by 5 to 7 times. So, rather than developing a
'hiding place for CO2' hypothesis, we can look to the collective
behaviour of known climate cycles such as the Pacific Decadal
Oscillation, the North Atlantic Oscillation, the El Nino/Southern
Oscillation, and the North Pacific Oscillation, plus poorly understood
solar factors as a big part of the explanation for climate change. Of
course, this explanation isn't attractive to social engineers or
politicians wanting to impose 'green' taxes and restrictions. You can't
tax the Sun, which brings us to the subject of falling solar activity.
On 21st December 2006 NASA's David Hathaway was predicting that solar
cycle 24 would be bigger than cycle 23. By January 2009 he changed his
mind and predicted a smaller cycle 24. Hathaway also predicts a very
small cycle 25, and Milivoje Vukcevic claims to have a formula that
predicts cycle 26 that will be even lower than cycle 25.. In their 2008
GRL paper Weiss et al asked 'For how long will the current grand maximum
of solar activity persist?' The answer was probably not very long, but
they couldn't predict the level of the ensuing minimum and they remained
loyal to the greenhouse warming 'consensus' by stating that any cooling
would be "insignificant compared with the global warming caused by
greenhouse gases. "
So, the lack of cycle 24 sunspots continues and the 'grand maximum' of
solar activity we enjoyed during the 20th century may be coming to an
end. Small changes in the Sun may have much larger effects on climate,
and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) seems to have entered a cool
phase that could last between 21 to 25 years. If the global non-warming
since 2002 continues for 30 years as Kyle Swanson suggests, then we have
to consider the possibility that, rather than going into hiding, CO2
isn't the all powerful climate driver that some would have us believe.
Regards,
Paul Biggs
<mailto:p.m.biggs at bham.ac.uk>p.m.biggs at bham.ac.uk
References:
Tsonis, Anastasios A.; Swanson, Kyle; Kravtsov, Sergey, A new dynamical
mechanism for major climate shifts', Geophys. Res. Lett., Vol. 34, No.
13, 12 July 2007
Wang, G., K. L. Swanson, and A. A. Tsonis (2009), Pacemaker of major
climate shifts,' Geophys. Res. Lett., doi:10.1029/2008GL036874, in
press.
Swanson, K. L., and A. A. Tsonis (2009), Has the climate recently
shifted?, Geophys. Res. Lett., doi:10.1029/2008GL037022, in
press.(accepted 24 February 2009)
Shaviv, N. J. (2008), 'Using the oceans as a calorimeter to quantify the
solar radiative forcing,' J. Geophys. Res., 113, A11101,
doi:10.1029/2007JA012989.
Climate Research News:
'Big' Solar Cycle 24 Now Predicted to be Smaller than Cycle 23
<http://climateresearchnews.com/2009/01/big-solar-cycle-24-now-predicted->http://climateresearchnews.com/2009/01/big-solar-cycle-24-now-predicted-
to-be-smaller-than-cycle-23/
<http://www.vukcevic.co.uk/combined.gif>http://www.vukcevic.co.uk/combined.gif
Long Range Solar Forecast, 05.10.2006: Solar Cycle 25 peaking around
2022 could be one of the weakest in centuries.
<http://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2006/10may_longrange.htm>http://science..nasa.gov/headlines/y2006/10may_longrange.htm
Abreu, J. A., J. Beer, F. Steinhilber, S. M. Tobias, and N. O. Weiss
(2008), For how long will the current grand maximum of solar activity
persist?, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L20109, doi:10.1029/2008GL035442.
--
No Rocks, No Water, No Ecosystem (EAS)
------------------------------------ -----------------------------------
E. A. Shinn, Courtesy Professor
University of South Florida
Marine Science Center (room 204)
140 Seventh Avenue South
St. Petersburg, FL 33701
<eshinn at marine.usf.edu>
Tel 727 553-1158----------------------------------
-----------------------------------
------------------------------
Message: 2
Date: Wed, 4 Mar 2009 18:30:01 +0000
From: Kahlil Hassanali <kahlil_hassanali at hotmail.com>
Subject: [Coral-List] Siderastrea siderea loss
To: <coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Message-ID: <BAY114-W27BACC6847B37ED4B2DEAF9A70 at phx.gbl>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1"
I have recently completed a study re-evaluating the status of several Tobagonian reefs using a methodology similar to studies that were last conducted in the 1980s. Among other things, what I have observed from the data is that the percentage cover of S. siderea, in particular, has noticably declined in several reef areas. The large time gap between evaluation does not allow me to comment on the manner of this decline. Has anyone noticed considerable loss of Siderastrea anywhere else in the Caribbean, be it chronic or sudden, that may shed any light on the Tobagonian situation? Dark spots disease is present on some of the reefs but is not prevalent.
Thank you all in advance for your assistance.
_________________________________________________________________
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Message: 3
Date: Wed, 4 Mar 2009 11:05:16 -0800
From: "Delbeek, Charles" <cdelbeek at calacademy.org>
Subject: Re: [Coral-List] illegal harvesting of coral
To: "Eric Borneman" <eborneman at uh.edu>
Cc: coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Message-ID:
<D6A836974C189D4AAFB7BBC34FA2BF6CE45378 at yoshi.calacademy.org>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Oh I agree completely Eric, what happened, if proven to be the case in a
court of law, is not defensible at all. My position is that there are much
larger impacts on the reefs that should result in much greater outcry which
doesn't seem to occur here, yet the much smaller, more visible, more
vulnerable aquarium trade once again gets slammed on an international forum
and the coverage it received in the media was sensationalized and has proven
to be incorrect.
J. Charles Delbeek, M.Sc.
Senior Aquatic Biologist, Steinhart Aquarium
California Academy of Sciences
55 Music Concourse Dr.
San Francisco CA 94118
phone (415) 379-5303
fax (415) 379-5304
cdelbeek at calacademy.org
www.calacademy.org
-----Original Message-----
From: Eric Borneman [mailto:eborneman at uh.edu]
Sent: Tuesday, March 03, 2009 11:16 AM
To: Delbeek, Charles
Cc: coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Re: [Coral-List] illegal harvesting of coral
Charles:
Despite my collaborations with USFWS in helping identify seizures,
there are indeed issues. I had to write a letter to the Dallas office
when a shipment of clams for a local store was seized because the
byssal threads were attached to commercially available crushed coral
substrate where they were being held prior to export. I explained that
while this material was coral, and in some cases could be recognized,
that any of the enforcement personnel could go to their local PetCo
and purchase it by the bag.
On the other hand, I empathize with enforcement as they are
understaffed and their responsibilities go far beyond being expert
taxonomists in all species in trade, especially corals, and even
moreso coral rubble/gravel.
Furthermore, there are cases where legitimate seizures of coral rock
(and coral species) have occurred and for good reason, regardless of
the amount or the scope in relation to other industries. I don't think
it is a wise position to not take responsibility for unethical or
illegal behavior based on the scale of the infraction. No, the
aquarium trade is not a major factor causing the decline of coral
reefs in most cases. No, this is not a lot of material removed by
comparison with burned limestone for betel or for construction, nor
does it exempt the aquarium trade for being responsible, legal,
sustainable and conservation-minded in its actions, whatever slice of
the pie they possess in regards to coral reef threats.
In this particular case, if coral is exported from a nation where ANY
coral export is prohibited, it really doesn't matter. Coral chunks, if
recognizable and not fossil, are included in CITES and subject to
applicable laws.
So perspective all around is a good idea.
____________________________________
Eric Borneman
University of Houston
Department of Biology and Biochemistry
4800 Calhoun Rd.
Houston TX 77004
On Mar 1, 2009, at 11:11 AM, Delbeek, Charles wrote:
> Since Lee's post more has come to light about this shipment. First
> of all it
> was not live coral or live rock, or curio coral skeletons, it was
> coral
> gravel destined for use in calcium reactors or for use as substratum
> on the
> bottom of an aquarium. Where did it come from in the Philippines and
> what is
> the source (mined? Beaches? Crushed skeletons?) is still not known
> for sure.
>
> While 40 tons may sound like a lot ... how many sacks of gravel is
> this
> really? How does it compare to the tons of corals that are collected
> and used
> for construction or roads, walls and homes all over the Pacific
> basin and
> Indian Ocean, or the amount that is destroyed when dredging new
> canals and
> harbors by local governments or the American military in places such
> as
> Miami, Key West or Guam? Not to mention the lime extracted from
> coral for
> beetle nut chewing. Where is the outcry over this? Surely we are
> talking
> 10,000's of tons in these cases? Lets get some perspective.
>
> J. Charles Delbeek, M.Sc.
> Senior Aquatic Biologist, Steinhart Aquarium
> California Academy of Sciences
> 55 Music Concourse Dr.
> San Francisco CA 94118
>
> phone (415) 379-5303
> fax (415) 379-5304
> cdelbeek at calacademy.org
> www.calacademy.org
>
>
> -----Original Message-----
> From: coral-list-bounces at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
> [mailto:coral-list-bounces at coral.aoml.noaa.gov] On Behalf Of Don Baker
> Sent: Saturday, February 21, 2009 5:24 PM
> To: coralfarmguam at yahoo.com
> Cc: coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
> Subject: Re: [Coral-List] illegal harvesting of coral
>
> Hi Lee,
>
> Interesting article! BUT...what I am more concerned with is the
> Philippine
> side of this event, whereas, "who" allowed this to take place???
> Forty tons
> of coral is no small amount to be 'overlooked' during the collection,
> cleaning, drying phases of this process. I know the process as I
> used to do
> this for dry/cured aquarium use only corals back in the 1970s on
> Guam; prior
> to Guam law preventing collection and even issued limited collection
> permits.
> I collected red organ pipe coral, fire and blue corals as they
> retained some
> color after curing.
>
> WHERE is the Philippine Government in all this??? Seems they are
> quite
> silent pending heads rolling from some dept. as this case goes forth
> in the
> US. I am sure the German will name names...and agencies.
>
> Cheers from Zamboanga,
> Don
>
>
>
>
> Alternate Email: donbjr95 at hotmail.com
>
> "Dedication and motivated direction in achieving specific goals
> related to
> the care and protection of living things is not necessarily a
> guaranteed
> formula for success. Success is, more often than not, a direct
> result of a
> person's passion in addition to the above formula." [Don Baker, Marine
> Conservationist/Activist, 1998]
>
> --- On Sat, 2/21/09, Lee Goldman <coralfarmguam at yahoo.com> wrote:
>
> From: Lee Goldman <coralfarmguam at yahoo.com>
> Subject: [Coral-List] illegal harvesting of coral
> To: coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
> Date: Saturday, February 21, 2009, 7:47 PM
>
> Dear all,
>
> A while back I took part of discussion about the merits of
> harvesting coral
> for
> the aquarium trade and was reprimanded for using a figure that could
> not be
> verified. I humbly agreed that in the best interest of science I was
> wrong to
> use the figure (although I know it to be true, and used CITES to
> back it up,
> the
> number was subjective so all of the proponents of the aquarium trade
> jumped
> on
> me). Okay, let's get started with the verification process as well as
> re-examine the concerns and issues with regards to corals within the
> aquarium
> trade. For all who are interested, check this link out:
>
> http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/29222985/
>
> While the weight of shipment does not often accurately describe the
> numbers
> of
> corals, I am willing to bet this was quite a bit...and coming from
> an area in
> the world where this can make an impact. Again, for those who feel
> there is
> no
> problem, please understand that one area that represents a 'good'
> model
> (used over and over again by the proponents as their model of best
> practice)
> is
> rare these days and the demand obviously is not being met...
>
> Please note that this is an owner of an aquarium/pet shop.
> Unfortunately,
> this
> type of attitude and disregard for the reefs is not uncommon with
> end-user(s).
>
> Please let me know if you are having trouble with this and I can
> send the
> article directly to you.
>
> Regards,
>
> Lee Goldman
>
>
>
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> Coral-List mailing list
> Coral-List at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
> http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/mailman/listinfo/coral-list
>
>
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> Coral-List mailing list
> Coral-List at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
> http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/mailman/listinfo/coral-list
> _______________________________________________
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> http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/mailman/listinfo/coral-list
------------------------------
Message: 4
Date: Wed, 4 Mar 2009 11:20:22 -0800
From: "Lockwood, Bonnie" <bonnie at mbari.org>
Subject: [Coral-List] Fish to eat and fish not to eat
To: "Vera Dulaney" <veradulaney at comcast.net>,
<southern_caribbean at yahoo.com>, <coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov>,
"Delbeek, Charles" <cdelbeek at calacademy.org>
Cc: Sbowman at mbayaq.org
Message-ID:
<0ADFCA2FDFAACE4AACAC509D4DAF4B2FAAC254 at chill.shore.mbari.org>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Hi All,
Below is additional information from the Monterey Bay Aquarium, which should be most helpful.
Thank you,
Bonnie Lockwood
Program Manager and Researcher
National Ocean Economics Program
Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute
7700 Sandholdt Road
Moss Landing, CA 95039
(831) 775-1844; FAX (831) 775-1620
bonnie at mbari.org <mailto:bonnie at mbari.org>
www.mbari.org <http://www.mbari.org>
WE VALUE THE OCEANS
Seafood Watch does produce a regional version of our pocket guide for Hawaii. It can be downloaded from our website (here <http://www.montereybayaquarium.org/cr/cr_seafoodwatch/content/media/MBA_SeafoodWatch_HawaiiGuide.pdf> ) or ordered in larger quantities (here <http://www.montereybayaquarium.org/cr/cr_seafoodwatch/download.aspx> ). You'll also find our new sushi guide and the other regional pocket guides we have available.
Seafood Watch partners help us distribute our pocket guides in their areas and in Hawaii, we currently have three partners doing so:
* Maui Ocean Center, Wailuku, HI <javascript:openNewWindow('http://www.mauioceancenter.com/home.html','popup','popup',780,580,'scrollbars,toolbar,resizable,location')>
* Pacific Whale Foundation, Wailuku, HI <javascript:openNewWindow('http://www.pacificwhale.org','popup','popup',780,580,'scrollbars,toolbar,resizable,location')>
* Waikiki Aquarium, Honolulu, HI <http://www.waquarium.org/>
Seafood Watch is always looking for additional partners to assist with distributing pocket guides and helping spread the word about ocean-friendly seafood. We also welcome feedback and input about any of our recommendations or scientific reports, both of which can be found on seafoodwatch.org for all species that we include on our pocket guides.
Hearing input from HI is especially important since there is so much fish caught and consumed there and never enough on-the-ground research opportunities for Seafood Watch staff. I welcome any and all questions or concerns at the contact info below.
Sheila Bowman
Seafood Watch Senior Outreach Manager
(831) 647-6871
Sbowman at mbayaq.org
www.seafoodwatch.org
WE VALUE THE OCEANS
-----Original Message-----
From: coral-list-bounces at coral.aoml.noaa.gov [mailto:coral-list-bounces at coral.aoml.noaa.gov] On Behalf Of Delbeek, Charles
Sent: Monday, March 02, 2009 11:38 AM
To: coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Re: [Coral-List] Fish to eat and fish not to eat
The Waikiki Aquarium in conjunction with the Monterey Bay Aquarium SeaFood
Watch Program also produced a card for sustainable seafood pertinent to the
Hawaiian Islands and tropical Pacific back in 2005 I believe.
J. Charles Delbeek, M.Sc.
Senior Aquatic Biologist, Steinhart Aquarium
California Academy of Sciences
55 Music Concourse Dr.
San Francisco CA 94118
phone (415) 379-5303
fax (415) 379-5304
cdelbeek at calacademy.org
www.calacademy..org
-----Original Message-----
From: coral-list-bounces at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
[mailto:coral-list-bounces at coral.aoml.noaa.gov] On Behalf Of Medio, David
Sent: Monday, March 02, 2009 4:19 AM
To: coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: [Coral-List] Fish to eat and fish not to eat
All
FYI the Marine Conservation Society has issued a booklet on 'fish to eat
and fish not eat' and when that covers North Sea and Mediterranean
species. They include molluscs and crustaceans too.
David
Dr David Medio
Associate Director, Environment
Chief Marine Scientist
Halcrow Group Ltd, Arndale Centre, Otley Rd, Headingley, Leeds, LS6 2UL,
UK
tel: switchboard +44 (0)113 2208220, direct line: +44 (0)113 220 8253,
mobile: +44 (0)773 919 0968
fax: +44 (0)113 274 2924 email: mediod at halcrow.com
www.halcrow.com
________________________________________________________________________
_______
Halcrow Sustaining and improving the quality of people's lives
________________________________________________________________________
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necessary
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------------------------------
Message: 5
Date: Wed, 4 Mar 2009 19:13:30 -0500
From: "Larry at OpenDoorWorld.com" <Larry at OpenDoorWorld.com>
Subject: [Coral-List] Do corals need fish to remain healthy?
To: Coral-List at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Message-ID:
<ff678410903041613m1ccd44d2m62cf8c19a3427c07 at mail.gmail.com>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1
On Fri, Feb 20, 2009 at 9:53 AM, Eugene Shinn <eshinn at marine.usf.edu> wrote:
> Bill Precht, Program Manager at the Florida Keys National Marine
> Sanctuary recently made me aware of a new paper titled, "Macroalgae
> Has No Effect on the Severity and Dynamics of Caribbean Yellow Band
> Disease." Ivana Vu et. al, 2009, published in PloS Feb 09 Vol 4 Issue
> 2. The paper is the result of an ingenious manipulative field study
> in Puerto Rico. As the title implies it shows, that various
> Macroalgae have no effect on CYBD in Montastraea faveolata.
> This conclusion contradicts the widely repeated mantra...
8>< ...snip... ><8 ... Many of us can remember the luxurious
> corals on the North coast of Jamaica before the early 1980s at a time
> when the area had already been fished out. Apparently what ever
> started the general Caribbean decline in the late 1970s and early
> 1980s remains somewhat elusive but widespread. Gene...
> ---
> <Coral-List at coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
I just can't seem to overlook the fact that it was exactly in the late
70's...
when large amounts of industrial byproducts were dumped into the rivers
and oceans. PCB oil byproducts, which are heavier than salt-water,
consequently accumulated throughout the world's ocean floors.
About that same time.... the sea urchins and conchs disappeared
here in the Florida Keys... and apparently... as the marine life's
immune systems slowly failed... more research was launched
to name the next... and the next... coral disease.
PCBs are an immune system disruptor and a neurotoxin...
PCBs are a major pollutant in all Oceans on Earth...
and with the dumping of billions of tons of plastic into the Oceans...
PCBs are absorbed in the oil based plastic and then transported by the
"plankton sized" plastic fragments... to many marine animals... from coral
reefs...
up to the great Orcas... all are now contaminated with PCBs...
---------------------------------------------------
The EPA says public drinking water
must be less than 0.0005 PPM in PCBs
The EPA classifies DIRT at greater
than 50 PPM in PCBs as a TOXIC WASTE SITE
BEACHED WHALES NOW TEST AT
1000 to 5000 PPM IN PCBs
------------------------------------------------------
Larry --in Key Largo
-------------------------------
http://EcoDelMar.org
-------------------------------
http://OpenDoorWorld.com/blog
http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/mailman/listinfo/coral-list
------------------------------
Message: 6
Date: Thu, 5 Mar 2009 14:08:28 +1000
From: Roxanna Myers <rockymyers at hotmail.com>
Subject: [Coral-List] Coral Lipids Analysis
To: <coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Message-ID: <BAY104-W52A702DA62659FAC5FF78DD3A40 at phx.gbl>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1"
Dear Coral-List
My name is Roxanna Myers and I am currently a graduate student at the University of Guam Marine Laboratory. I'm working on my thesis focusing on coral growth anomalies and want to perform lipids analysis on healthy and diseased areas. I have already performed one round of lipid extraction using the methods of Stimson 1987 and Harriott 1993. I am working with massive Porites spp. and have found that I have a lot of salt in my lipid extracts. I was wondering if anyone had come across this issue, or if anyone had any ideas of how to remedy this (i.e. remove the salts to get an accurate representation of lipid extract). Also, does anyone know if it is possible to extract lipids from frozen samples? Thank you for any advice or guidance regarding this issue. Cheers!
Roxanna L. Myers
Graduate Research Assistant
PO Box 5413
UOG Station
Mangilao, Guam 96923
rockymyers at hotmail.com
(671) 734-4054 (Work)
(671) 787-3759 (Cell)
> From: coral-list-request at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
> Subject: Coral-List Digest, Vol 7, Issue 5
> To: coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
> Date: Wed, 4 Mar 2009 12:00:02 -0500
>
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>
> Today's Topics:
>
> 1. response - measuring sedimentation on reefs. (Martin, Alec)
> 2. Re: Global Warming Theory (Douglas Fenner) (Eugene Shinn)
> (George Ducott)
> 3. Florida judge rules to protect Palm Beach County reefs
> (Etichscuba at aol.com)
> 4. Re: Fish to eat and fish not to eat (Vera Dulaney)
>
>
> ----------------------------------------------------------------------
>
> Message: 1
> Date: Wed, 4 Mar 2009 00:08:34 -0000
> From: "Martin, Alec" <MartinGA at Halcrow.com>
> Subject: [Coral-List] response - measuring sedimentation on reefs.
> To: <coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
> Message-ID:
> <A87990669172924FADCAABF1721CB6EC06F6BF55 at LOND-MX-01.halcrow.com>
> Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1"
>
> Response to measuring sedimentation on reefs.
>
> Dear Leigh
>
> A few ideas - by no means exhaustive but might help.
>
> In terms of sedimentation/ potential coastal construction impacts you will need to determine what you re trying to establish and why in order to formulate the methodology, and hence chose what to monitor.
>
> If you are merely wanting a record of rates of sedimentation/ scour you could use pegs/ stakes at reference locations which will enable you to measure the rate of sediment accumulation or scour at each peg/ stake over time. This is very straightforward but does require dive/ snorkel work. - box traps would achieve much the same.
>
> Alternatively you could use a buoyed (on bed/ or mid water) sedimentation measuring device - basically any graduated collector which will enable you to measure the amount of sediment settling in it over unit time and hence allow calculation of sedimentation rates - this will however not account for re-suspension etc, and hence may over calculate settlement in comparison to apparent rates in the sea bed. This method has the advantage of being possible to carry out from a boat without the need for diving etc..
>
> If you are in fact wanting to actively manage and prevent impacts as opposed to just record them you might need to look at a combination of settlement rates, suspended sediment (TOSS) analysis, and turbidity measurements in real time - or indeed hindcast modelling. Any such activities will however be potentially more expensive, require specialist equipment and analysis - but can provide real time control for example of dredge spill impacts.
>
> In any case, it will be necessary to also determine a representative baseline control location(s) in order to provide a comparator site with similar current etc conditions but which is not affected by works - this may be difficult if there are numerous overlapping projects along the coast.
>
> The quantification of the 'extent to which a reef is affected' - i.e. the nature of the impact upon the viability of the reef receptors, their levels of stress, or sustainability indices, is however a complex field and it may prove very hard indeed to isolate the potential impacts of sedimentation within an overall complex system of environmental stresses. Data on the actual tolerances of different receptors is also a complex subject and it is a considerable exercise in order to attempt to make firm quantitative assessments of the magnitude of impact of different stressors such as sedimentation.
>
> There is however some literature data on what corals for example can and cannot tolerate in terms of accumulation/ unit time which may help as a guide.
>
> I hope this is of some help,
>
> good luck,
>
> Alec
>
>
>
>
> Good morning,
>
> I am trying to find information on best practices/methodologies or useful
> lessons learnt for studies trying to measure sedimentation on reefs. My
> intention is the utilise the information to formulate an appropriate
> methodology for carrying out an investigation to qualify/quantify the extent
> to which a nearshore reef is affected by a nearby coastal construction
> project.
>
> Thank you in advance,
>
> LNW
> leigh.weatherhead at gmail.com <mailto:coral-list%40coral.aoml.noaa.gov?Subject=Re:%20%5BCoral-List%5D%20Measuring%20sedimentation%20on%20reefs&In-Reply-To=%3C831799880902230811v4ee26864y34ddeb98c070cb56%40mail.gmail.com%3E>
>
>
>
>
> Alec Martin
> Principal Environmental Scientist,
> Technical Leader Environmental Water Quality, Environment
> Halcrow Group Ltd, Arndale House, Otley Road, LEEDS, LS6 2UL, UK
> tel: switchboard +44 (0) 113 2208220, mobile: + 44 (0) 7748761588
> fax: +44 (0) 113 2742924 email: martinga at halcrow.com www.halcrow.com <http://www.halcrow.com/>
> _______________________________________________________________________________
> Halcrow Sustaining and improving the quality of people's lives
> ____________________________________________________________________________ __
> P Please do not print this e-mail and attachments unless absolutely necessary
>
>
> Visit our website at http://www.halcrow.com
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> -------------------------------------------------------------------------
>
>
> ------------------------------
>
> Message: 2
> Date: Tue, 3 Mar 2009 19:07:54 -0800
> From: George Ducott <jobdoctor1 at cox.net>
> Subject: Re: [Coral-List] Global Warming Theory (Douglas Fenner)
> (Eugene Shinn)
> To: Simon Donner <simon.donner at gmail.com>
> Cc: coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
> Message-ID: <f7075032cf1059cd6e28975ed0d4670c at cox.net>
> Content-Type: text/plain; charset=WINDOWS-1252; delsp=yes;
> format=flowed
>
> Please read this.
>
> George Ducott
> VVAW Member
>
> re. Warming is real and is here.
>
> From: Vietnam Veterans Against the War <vvaw at vvaw.org>
> Date: Sun Feb 29, 2004 2:05:13 PM US/Pacific
> To: vvawnet at vvaw.org
> Subject: [vvawnet] The Pentagon tells Bush: climate change will destroy
> us
>
>
> ========================================================================
> ====
>
> Forwarded from networker Dwayne Knox to all on VVAWNET:
>
>
> Guardian Unlimited
> -----------------------------------------------------------
> Now the Pentagon tells Bush: climate change will destroy us
> -----------------------------------------------------------
>
> * Secret report warns of rioting and nuclear war
> * Britain will be 'Siberian' in less than 20 years
> * Threat to the world is greater than terrorism
>
> Mark Townsend and Paul Harris in New York
> Sunday February 22, 2004
> The Observer
>
> Climate change over the next 20 years could result in a global
> catastrophe costing millions of lives in wars and natural disasters...
>
> A secret report, suppressed by US defence chiefs and obtained by The
> Observer, warns that major European cities will be sunk beneath rising
> seas as Britain is plunged into a 'Siberian' climate by 2020. Nuclear
> conflict, mega-droughts, famine and widespread rioting will erupt across
> the world.
>
> The document predicts that abrupt climate change could bring the planet
> to the edge of anarchy as countries develop a nuclear threat to defend
> and secure dwindling food, water and energy supplies. The threat to
> global stability vastly eclipses that of terrorism, say the few experts
> privy to its contents.
>
> 'Disruption and conflict will be endemic features of life,' concludes
> the Pentagon analysis. 'Once again, warfare would define human life.'
>
> The findings will prove humiliating to the Bush administration, which
> has repeatedly denied that climate change even exists. Experts said that
> they will also make unsettling reading for a President who has insisted
> national defence is a priority.
>
> The report was commissioned by influential Pentagon defence adviser
> Andrew Marshall, who has held considerable sway on US military thinking
> over the past three decades. He was the man behind a sweeping recent
> review aimed at transforming the American military under Defence
> Secretary Donald Rumsfeld.
>
> Climate change 'should be elevated beyond a scientific debate to a US
> national security concern', say the authors, Peter Schwartz, CIA
> consultant and former head of planning at Royal Dutch/Shell Group, and
> Doug Randall of the California-based Global Business Network.
>
> An imminent scenario of catastrophic climate change is 'plausible and
> would challenge United States national security in ways that should be
> considered immediately', they conclude. As early as next year widespread
> flooding by a rise in sea levels will create major upheaval for
> millions.
>
> Last week the Bush administration came under heavy fire from a large
> body of respected scientists who claimed that it cherry-picked science
> to suit its policy agenda and suppressed studies that it did not like.
> Jeremy Symons, a former whistleblower at the Environmental Protection
> Agency (EPA), said that suppression of the report for four months was a
> further example of the White House trying to bury the threat of climate
> change.
>
> Senior climatologists, however, believe that their verdicts could prove
> the catalyst in forcing Bush to accept climate change as a real and
> happening phenomenon. They also hope it will convince the United States
> to sign up to global treaties to reduce the rate of climatic change.
>
> A group of eminent UK scientists recently visited the White House to
> voice their fears over global warming, part of an intensifying drive to
> get the US to treat the issue seriously. Sources have told The Observer
> that American officials appeared extremely sensitive about the issue
> when faced with complaints that America's public stance appeared
> increasingly out of touch.
>
> One even alleged that the White House had written to complain about some
> of the comments attributed to Professor Sir David King, Tony Blair's
> chief scientific adviser, after he branded the President's position on
> the issue as indefensible.
>
> Among those scientists present at the White House talks were Professor
> John Schellnhuber, former chief environmental adviser to the German
> government and head of the UK's leading group of climate scientists at
> the Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research. He said that the
> Pentagon's internal fears should prove the 'tipping point' in persuading
> Bush to accept climatic change.
>
> Sir John Houghton, former chief executive of the Meteorological Office -
> and the first senior figure to liken the threat of climate change to
> that of terrorism - said: 'If the Pentagon is sending out that sort of
> message, then this is an important document indeed.'
>
> Bob Watson, chief scientist for the World Bank and former chair of the
> Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, added that the Pentagon's
> dire warnings could no longer be ignored.
>
> 'Can Bush ignore the Pentagon? It's going be hard to blow off this sort
> of document. Its hugely embarrassing. After all, Bush's single highest
> priority is national defence. The Pentagon is no wacko, liberal group,
> generally speaking it is conservative. If climate change is a threat to
> national security and the economy, then he has to act. There are two
> groups the Bush Administration tend to listen to, the oil lobby and the
> Pentagon,' added Watson.
>
> 'You've got a President who says global warming is a hoax, and across
> the Potomac river you've got a Pentagon preparing for climate wars. It's
> pretty scary when Bush starts to ignore his own government on this
> issue,' said Rob Gueterbock of Greenpeace.
>
> Already, according to Randall and Schwartz, the planet is carrying a
> higher population than it can sustain. By 2020 'catastrophic' shortages
> of water and energy supply will become increasingly harder to overcome,
> plunging the planet into war. They warn that 8,200 years ago climatic
> conditions brought widespread crop failure, famine, disease and mass
> migration of populations that could soon be repeated.
>
> Randall told The Observer that the potential ramifications of rapid
> climate change would create global chaos. 'This is depressing stuff,' he
> said. 'It is a national security threat that is unique because there is
> no enemy to point your guns at and we have no control over the threat.'
>
> Randall added that it was already possibly too late to prevent a
> disaster happening. 'We don't know exactly where we are in the process.
> It could start tomorrow and we would not know for another five years,'
> he said.
>
> 'The consequences for some nations of the climate change are
> unbelievable. It seems obvious that cutting the use of fossil fuels
> would be worthwhile.'
>
> So dramatic are the report's scenarios, Watson said, that they may prove
> vital in the US elections. Democratic frontrunner John Kerry is known to
> accept climate change as a real problem. Scientists disillusioned with
> Bush's stance are threatening to make sure Kerry uses the Pentagon
> report in his campaign.
>
> The fact that Marshall is behind its scathing findings will aid Kerry's
> cause. Marshall, 82, is a Pentagon legend who heads a secretive
> think-tank dedicated to weighing risks to national security called the
> Office of Net Assessment. Dubbed 'Yoda' by Pentagon insiders who respect
> his vast experience, he is credited with being behind the Department of
> Defence's push on ballistic-missile defence.
>
> Symons, who left the EPA in protest at political interference, said that
> the suppression of the report was a further instance of the White House
> trying to bury evidence of climate change. 'It is yet another example of
> why this government should stop burying its head in the sand on this
> issue.'
>
> Symons said the Bush administration's close links to high-powered energy
> and oil companies was vital in understanding why climate change was
> received sceptically in the Oval Office. 'This administration is
> ignoring the evidence in order to placate a handful of large energy and
> oil companies,' he added.
>
> ? Guardian Newspapers Limited 2004
>
>
> <http://observer.guardian.co.uk/international/story/
> 0,6903,1153513,00.html>
>
>
> ________________________________________________________________________
>
>
> *************************************************************
> Copyright material is distributed without profit or
> payment for research and educational purposes only,
> in accordance with Title 17 U.S.C. section 107.
> Reference: <http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/17/107.shtml>.
> *************************************************************
>
>
> --
> *************************************************************
> National Office
> Vietnam Veterans Against the War, Inc.
> PO Box 408594
> Chicago, IL 60640 (773) 276-4189
> e-mail: vvaw at vvaw.org
> http://www.vvaw.org
>
> Fighting for veterans, peace and justice since 1967
> *************************************************************
>
>
> On Mar 3, 2009, at 9:25 AM, Simon Donner wrote:
>
>> An important note on the lists of "scientists" who don't believe in
>> global warming:
>>
>> The goal of the list-makers is ostensibly to show there are more
>> "scientists" who doubt the IPCC consensus than who participate in the
>> IPCC. This misses the point of the IPCC effort entirely. The IPCC was
>> not created to get the views of ~2000 scientists but to have ~2000
>> climate scientists summarize the conclusions of the entire scientific
>> community.
>>
>> I use the following medical analogy to describe the process in class
>> and in public presentations (this is a quote from a story on
>> worldchanging.com):
>>
>> Let?s say you are worried about your health. Maybe you?ve noticed an
>> elevated body temperature, and it is beginning to affect the way you
>> function.
>>
>> You go to the doctor. The doctor gives you a diagnosis, based on her
>> or his expertise. To be safe, you might get a second opinion. Most of
>> the time, that?s enough.
>>
>> But this diagnosis is a frightening one. And you want to be thorough.
>> So you make a call to the United Nations.
>>
>> The UN assembles a team of a couple thousand of top doctors from
>> around the world, with a range of specialties. The team of doctors
>> does a comprehensive review of all the scientific literature on your
>> condition and charges medical centers around the world to run
>> sophisticated computer models simulating your health. The information
>> is assembled into a massive technical report. A draft report is then
>> made available for any doctor in the world to review. Thousands of
>> people review aspects of the report and provide criticism that is
>> factored into the final draft. The team of doctors then meets with
>> representatives from different countries around the world to produce a
>> summary of the report in less technical language that reflects the
>> most important and statistically significant findings. Five years
>> later, you are given that summary.
>>
>> That is how the IPCC ?Summary for Policymakers? reports are produced.
>>
>> They are the end-point of an exhaustive review of scientific
>> literature by a group of top scientists and a long peer review
>> process. They are not alarmist. The findings contained in the reports
>> actually tend to be quite conservative, because they arise out of a
>> wide body of research and adhere to strict statistical conventions.
>> For example, the projections for sea level rise are lower than in many
>> climate studies because of reported uncertainty in the understanding
>> of ice sheet dynamics.
>>
>>
>> --
>> Simon Donner
>> Asst. Professor
>> Dept. of Geography
>> University of British Columbia
>> http://www.simondonner.com
>> _______________________________________________
>> Coral-List mailing list
>> Coral-List at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
>> http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/mailman/listinfo/coral-list
>>
>
>
> ------------------------------
>
> Message: 3
> Date: Wed, 4 Mar 2009 06:17:25 EST
> From: Etichscuba at aol.com
> Subject: [Coral-List] Florida judge rules to protect Palm Beach County
> reefs
> To: coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
> Message-ID: <bf5.51d94d2e.36dfbd45 at aol.com>
> Content-Type: text/plain; charset="UTF-8"
>
>
> Florida judge rules to protect Palm Beach County reefs.
> Palm Beach, FL ?Administrative Law Judge Robert E. Meale ruled Monday that
> the Town of Palm Beach be denied a dredge and fill permit. Judge Meale, in a
> 277 page decision took a firm stand on reef protection (page 231): ?Because
> of the rare confluence of conditions required for its creation, the Florida
> Reef Tract cannot be replaced in any timeframe short of geologic time, so its
> protection, even from remote risks, must be a matter of exceptional
> regulatory concern.? ??the performance of the beach, filled with excessive fines,
> poses a potential threat to the offshore reef. Storm-driven plumes of
> unnatural turbidity can carry these particles from [the fill area] Reach 8 to the
> offshore reef, where they may settle on the coral, obviously harming or killing
> this critical resource
> In March of 2008, Collins & West, P.A. representing the Surfrider
> Foundation, Snook Foundation, and three individuals filed suit against the FDEP for
> approving a Joint Coastal Permit for the Town of Palm Beach to nourish beaches
> (Reach 8). The Town of Palm Beach intervened on behalf of the DEP, and the
> City of Lake Worth and Eastern Surfing Association intervened in opposition
> of the project. The trial lasted three weeks, ending in October of last year.
> Collins & West press release @: http://www.collins-west.com/News.asp
> See the 277 page ruling @:
> _http://www.doah.state.fl.us/ros/2008/08001511.pdf_ (http://www.doah.state.fl.us/ros/2008/08001511.pdf)
> Ed Tichenor
> Palm Beach County Reef Rescue
> 561 699-8559
> _www.reef-rescue.org_ (http://www.reef-rescue.org/)
> **************Worried about job security? Check out the 5 safest jobs in a
> recession.
> (http://jobs.aol.com/gallery/growing-job-industries?ncid=emlcntuscare00000002)
>
>
> ------------------------------
>
> Message: 4
> Date: Wed, 4 Mar 2009 09:58:33 -0500
> From: "Vera Dulaney" <veradulaney at comcast.net>
> Subject: Re: [Coral-List] Fish to eat and fish not to eat
> To: <southern_caribbean at yahoo.com>, <coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov>,
> "'Delbeek, Charles'" <cdelbeek at calacademy.org>
> Message-ID: <C4CAF45D51ED459CAEE32EE8F23F257D at DGPKK1C1>
> Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1"
>
> I am interested in looking at the booklets you talk about. In the interest
> of saving everyone some time looking for it, would it be possible to provide
> a direct link to the document on your web site?
>
> Thank you very much.
> Vera
>
> -----Original Message-----
> From: coral-list-bounces at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
> [mailto:coral-list-bounces at coral.aoml.noaa.gov] On Behalf Of
> RainbowWarriorsInternational
> Sent: Tuesday, March 03, 2009 1:47 PM
> To: coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov; Delbeek, Charles
> Subject: Re: [Coral-List] Fish to eat and fish not to eat
>
> The following have all produced basic or extensive lists of marine produce
> to eat and NOT to eat, based on internal research, FAO and other global
> research data:
>
> Greenpeace International
> The Ocean Project (www.theoceanproject.org), a Global Network of Marine
> Institutes, NGOs, conservation organizations, aquaria etc.
> Nature Conservancy
> Conservation International
> Friends of the Earth International
> World Wildlife Fund
> Earth Island Institute
> Sierra Club
>
> All of these can be considered authoritative.
>
> Milton Ponson, President
> Rainbow Warriors Core Foundation
> (Rainbow Warriors International) Tel. +297 568 5908
> PO Box 1154, Oranjestad
> Aruba, Dutch Caribbean
> Email: southern_caribbean at yahoo.com Web Sites:
> http://www.southerncaribbean..org http://www.rainbowwarriors.net?(Global)
> http://www.projectparadigm.info
>
> To unite humanity in a global society dedicated to a sustainable way of life
>
> --- On Mon, 3/2/09, Delbeek, Charles <cdelbeek at calacademy.org> wrote:
> From: Delbeek, Charles <cdelbeek at calacademy.org>
> Subject: Re: [Coral-List] Fish to eat and fish not to eat
> To: coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
> Date: Monday, March 2, 2009, 11:37 AM
>
> The Waikiki Aquarium in conjunction with the Monterey Bay Aquarium SeaFood
> Watch Program also produced a card for sustainable seafood pertinent to the
> Hawaiian Islands and tropical Pacific back in 2005 I believe.
>
> J. Charles Delbeek, M.Sc.
> Senior Aquatic Biologist, Steinhart Aquarium
> California Academy of Sciences
> 55 Music Concourse Dr.
> San Francisco CA 94118
>
> phone (415) 379-5303
> fax (415) 379-5304
> cdelbeek at calacademy.org
> www.calacademy.org
>
>
> -----Original Message-----
> From: coral-list-bounces at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
> [mailto:coral-list-bounces at coral.aoml.noaa.gov] On Behalf Of Medio, David
> Sent: Monday, March 02, 2009 4:19 AM
> To: coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
> Subject: [Coral-List] Fish to eat and fish not to eat
>
> All
>
> FYI the Marine Conservation Society has issued a booklet on 'fish to eat
> and fish not eat' and when that covers North Sea and Mediterranean
> species. They include molluscs and crustaceans too.
>
> David
>
>
>
> Dr David Medio
> Associate Director, Environment
>
> Chief Marine Scientist
> Halcrow Group Ltd, Arndale Centre, Otley Rd, Headingley, Leeds, LS6 2UL,
> UK
> tel: switchboard +44 (0)113 2208220, direct line: +44 (0)113 220 8253,
> mobile: +44 (0)773 919 0968
> fax: +44 (0)113 274 2924 email: mediod at halcrow.com
> www.halcrow.com
> ________________________________________________________________________
> _______
>
> Halcrow Sustaining and improving the quality of people's lives
> ________________________________________________________________________
> ____ __
> P Please do not print this e-mail and attachments unless absolutely
> necessary
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
> Visit our website at http://www.halcrow.com
>
> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
> The contents of this email are confidential, for the sole use
> of the intended recipient at the email address to which it has
> been addressed and do not give rise to any binding legal
> obligation upon Halcrow companies unless subsequently confirmed
> on headed business notepaper sent by fax, letter or as an email
> attachment. Whilst reasonable care has been taken to avoid virus
> transmission, no responsibility for viruses is taken and it is
> your responsibility to carry out such checks as you feel
> appropriate. Emails supplied are as found and there's no
> guarantee that the messages contained within the body of the
> email have not been edited after receipt. If you receive this
> email in error, please contact the sender immediately and delete
> the message from your system.
> Thank you.
>
> Halcrow Group Limited. Registered office: Vineyard House, 44 Brook Green
> London, W6 7BY. Registered in England and Wales, Number 3415971.
> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
> -
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> Coral-List mailing list
> Coral-List at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
> http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/mailman/listinfo/coral-list
>
> _______________________________________________
> Coral-List mailing list
> Coral-List at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
> http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/mailman/listinfo/coral-list
>
>
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> Coral-List mailing list
> Coral-List at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
> http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/mailman/listinfo/coral-list
>
>
>
> ------------------------------
>
> _______________________________________________
> Coral-List mailing list
> Coral-List at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
> http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/mailman/listinfo/coral-list
>
> End of Coral-List Digest, Vol 7, Issue 5
> ****************************************
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End of Coral-List Digest, Vol 7, Issue 6
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