[Coral-List] A note on coral reef replacement

[Dean Jacobson]

John:
This a wonderful perspective with which to view the planned coral reef mining that has been approved on Majuro atoll (not yet started), for the purpose of providing fill for a low-priority FAA funded runway modification project (the runway is not modified, just a "safety zone" beyond the runway).   This is not the time to be removing large formations of living hard coral from the critical near shore zone, when there is an enormous about of alternative lagoon sediments!
 
By the way, an FAA representative during a visit to Majuro a few months ago told me to my face that FAA lawyers had determined that no US law  (FAA order 5050, Exectuve Order 13014, compact section 161 etc.) has any bearing on the Majuro airport coral mining project.   So it appears that this airport is not a foreign airport but also not a US airport.  It is unique, a class of its own.  Really?  What does the Coral Reef Task Force have to say about this, if anything?  The reservoir reef would not be mined without the US funding.   
 
Of course, I am not allowed to inform this list of my petition drive, and therefor pressure cannot be put on the US administration to changted)e a wrong-headed policy.  If any one knows of environmental law programs with students who might like to work on a case study, please contact me!  My efforts to get the attention of the NRDC have failed.
 
Cheers,
Dean Jacobson
College of the Marshall Islands
 

________________________________
 From: John McManus <jmcmanus at rsmas.miami.edu>
To: 'Coral-List' <coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov> 
Sent: Thursday, June 7, 2012 4:01 AM
Subject: [Coral-List] A note on coral reef replacement
  


I am currently watching "Incredible Islands: Dubai", and just saw something
quite relevant to reef valuation and concerns about replacing services
provided declining reefs.



Let's ignore for the moment the ecological issues with the 'islands'
project, and look at the design and implementation of the breakwaters. 



The engineers are faced with the challenge of building low-profile, but
highly effective breakwaters. Inspired by reefs in the Maldives, they decide
that the shapes of wave-breaking reef structures are ideal, and confirm this
with lab tests. Now they must obtain enough rocks to build such enormous
structures. Soon, seemingly endless supplies of rocks become limiting, and
parts to keep the huge pool of bulldozers, bucket lifts and transport trucks
become a crucial issue - they have to search the world for the parts they
need. 



Climate change will impact far more than corals, forams, and other
organisms. Many hard coral communities will be replaced with soft coral and
seaweed communities. The value to people will decline considerably and
extinctions may increase. However, the underlying structures that protect
thousands of miles of coastlines and thousands of villages throughout the
tropics will be threatened. A select few will be replaced at enormous
expense. The rest will deteriorate, resulting in large scale losses in
beaches, coastlines, and fresh-water lenses. The extremely low-income people
that typify these coastlines will not generally move to farming areas -
there is not enough room or land is too expensive in most countries. Instead
the majority will join slash-and-burn forest dwellers and particularly the
slums of major cities. If you have watched "Slum-Dog Millionaire", the
atrocities you saw there are very common throughout the developing world.
Most people living in slums die young.



I urge people to surf coastlines, especially in SE Asia and East Africa, in
Google Earth to understand this problem. 



Understanding how and over what time periods this deterioration will occur,
and quantifying  its social and economic impacts, will require large, highly
interdisciplinary teams of scientists working closely together.
Unfortunately, I am not aware of a single source of funding anywhere in the
world that does not divide up its funds into so many disjointed and
near-random studies that progress at the whole geo-bio-human reef system
level is nearly impossible. 



John



John W. McManus, PhD

Director, National Center for Coral Reef Research (NCORE)

Professor, Marine Biology and Fisheries

Coral Reef Ecology and Management Lab (CREM Lab)

Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science (RSMAS)

University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, 33149

<mailto:jmcmanus at rsmas.miami.edu> jmcmanus at rsmas.miami.edu
<http://ncore.rsmas.miami.edu/> http://ncore.rsmas.miami.edu/

Phone: 305-421-4814  



"Far better an approximate answer to the right question, which is often
vague, 

   than an exact answer to the wrong question, which can always be made
precise."

              

     --John Tukey, Statistician, National Medal of Science and IEEE Medal of
Honor





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