regarding ship wrecks and reefs, Lisa Kerr Lobel published a paper showing how the rust impacted damselfish embryos that were laid on sunken ships and other iron debris. Kerr, L. M. 1996. Developmental defects in damselfish (Abudefduf sordidus, Pomacentridae) embryos from metal artificial reefs. Biological Bulletin 191:306-307.