[Coral-List] using bubbles to remove CO2 from reef water

David Koweek dkoweek at stanford.edu
Tue May 3 12:30:31 EDT 2016


Hi All,

To be clear... our study does NOT suggest that the large, occasional
bubbles emitted by SCUBA divers would be useful for reducing the frequency
and intensity of high CO2 on coral reefs. There are two reasons for this:

1. Diver bubbles are too large and too infrequent to facilitate much CO2
stripping-bubble stripping works best with with smaller (<1mm in radius)
bubbles emitted for a long time (1-2 hours). The density of bubbles must be
great enough to maintain turbulent mixing, not likely given the rate at
which diver bubbles are emitted.
2. Bubble stripping works by leveraging the high CO2 buildup which occurs
on shallow back reefs at *night. *Most diving occurs during the daylight
hours, when CO2 is at lower levels due to photosynthetic uptake. Bubbles
emitted during daylight hours when CO2 levels are below equilibrium would
actually add CO2 to the water.

I hope this helps clarify some common misconceptions about our study. As
always, I'm happy to continue the discussion. And please email me if you'd
like a copy of the paper: dkoweek at stanford.edu.

David Koweek

On Tue, May 3, 2016 at 9:00 AM, <coral-list-request at coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
wrote:

> Send Coral-List mailing list submissions to
>         coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
>
> To subscribe or unsubscribe via the World Wide Web, visit
>         http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/mailman/listinfo/coral-list
> or, via email, send a message with subject or body 'help' to
>         coral-list-request at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
>
> You can reach the person managing the list at
>         coral-list-owner at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
>
> When replying, please edit your Subject line so it is more specific
> than "Re: Contents of Coral-List digest...", e.g., cut and paste the
> Subject line from the individual message you are replying to. Also,
> please only include quoted text from prior posts that is necessary to
> make your point; avoid re-sending the entire Digest back to the list.
>
> Today's Topics:
>
>    1. Re: using bubbles to remove CO2 from reef water (Steve Mussman)
>    2. Re: using bubbles to remove CO2 from reef water
>       (Melbourne Briscoe)
>    3. Re: using bubbles to remove CO2 from reef water (Alex Brylske)
>
>
> ---------- Forwarded message ----------
> From: Steve Mussman <sealab at earthlink.net>
> To: Stephen Frink <sf at stephenfrink.com>
> Cc: Ellen Prager <coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov>, Bill Allison <
> allison.billiam at gmail.com>, Laurie Wilson <
> blueoceanbusinesssummit at gmail.com>
> Date: Mon, 2 May 2016 15:31:55 -0400
> Subject: Re: [Coral-List] using bubbles to remove CO2 from reef water
>
>    Stephen,
>    (I'm  adding  Alex to this thread because he has had a long history of
>    involvement  with  both the diving industry and the issues that we are
>    discussing here).
>    I've discussed similar issues on Coral List many times before and I
> believe
>    that most members understand exactly where I am coming from. Generally
>    speaking, it is my opinion that the diving industry as a whole has not
> done
>    nearly  enough  to address the decline of coral reefs world wide. That
>    includes manufacturers, certification agencies, dive shops and resorts..
>    There  are lots of good people doing great things in our industry, but
>    overall the environmental/ecological record of the "diving industry at
>    large" is dismal at best. I wish it wasn't so and we all need to work
> hard
>    in order to change this paradigm.
>    Regards,
>    Steve
>
>      -----Original Message-----
>      From: Stephen Frink
>      Sent: May 2, 2016 2:57 PM
>      To: Steve Mussman
>      Cc: Bill Allison , Ellen Prager , Laurie Wilson
>      Subject: Re: [Coral-List] using bubbles to remove CO2 from reef water
>      Steve - DEMA is different than the dive industry at large. Please be
>      specific if you have concerns.  Many of the members of the list serve
>      wouldnât understand the fine distinction you are making and might
> assume
>      those in the business of services to recreational diving are
> universally
>      ignorant of ecological issues or uncaring.  I donât think either is
>      particularly true.
>
>    Thanks for your consideration.
>
>    Stephen
>    Stephen Frink
>    Publisher, Alert Diver Magazine
>
>
>    portfolio - [1]http://www.stephenfrinkphoto.com
>    general - [2]http://www.stephenfrink.com
>    travel - [3]http://www.waterhousetours.com
>    seacam - [4]http://www.seacamusa.com
>
>
>    address - Stephen Frink Studio
>    100750 Overseas Highway
>    PO Box 372720 (mail only)
>    Key Largo, FL 33037
>
>
>    phone - [5]305-451-3737 (office)
>    [6]305-766-8832 (cell)
>    frink_stephen (Skype)
>
>    On May 2, 2016, at 2:51 PM, Steve Mussman <[7]sealab at earthlink.net>
> wrote:
>
>    Hi Stephen,
>    Of course the diving industry is diverse even in their beliefs relating
> to
>    climate change, but I'm referring to industry leaders. We could argue
> all
>    day about who comprises the "leadership of our industry", but I'm
> pointing
>    the  finger  directly  at  DEMA.  Climate change, ocean acidification,
>    over-fishing and land-based pollutants are basically off their radar as
> I
>    see it. They act as if nothing is happening. We have an opportunity to
>    empower divers to become advocates for moving policies and turning
> things
>    around, but that's not going to happen as long as our industry's power
>    structure remains in denial. I understand the fact that talk of
> declining
>    reefs isn't good for business, but how are we to have hope that we can
>    reverse the trend if our industry perpetuates the illusion (that all is
>    well) by refusing to openly address these issues? As I see it, all of
> us in
>    the industry have a moral responsibility to become activists for our
> oceans
>    and coral reefs. We have taken from it and built our business upon it.
> This
>    is a critical time and the diving industry should be out in front, not
>    laying low hiding in the sea grass.
>    Warm regards,
>    Steve
>
>      -----Original Message-----
>      From: Stephen Frink
>      Sent: May 2, 2016 2:08 PM
>      To: Steve Mussman
>      Cc: Bill Allison , Ellen Prager
>      Subject: Re: [Coral-List] using bubbles to remove CO2 from reef water
>      Steve - What makes you think the dive industry disbelieves climate
> change
>      and/or  CO2  issues?  Anyone I dive with, most of whom have several
>      decadesâ  experience seeing changes in the reef ecosystems we dive,
>      realizes we have issues.  Anecdotal perhaps, but so is a broad brush
>      painting all.
>
>    Stephen
>    Stephen Frink
>    Publisher, Alert Diver Magazine
>
>
>    portfolio - [8]http://www.stephenfrinkphoto.com
>    general - [9]http://www.stephenfrink.com
>    travel - [10]http://www.waterhousetours.com
>    seacam - [11]http://www.seacamusa.com
>
>
>    address - Stephen Frink Studio
>    100750 Overseas Highway
>    PO Box 372720 (mail only)
>    Key Largo, FL 33037
>
>
>    phone - [12]305-451-3737 (office)
>    [13]305-766-8832 (cell)
>    frink_stephen (Skype)
>
>    On May 2, 2016, at 8:40 AM, Steve Mussman <[14]sealab at earthlink.net>
> wrote:
>
>    This presents the diving industry with a rather perplexing dilemma.
>    They could cite this study to promote the idea that coral reefs benefit
> from
>    our bubbles, but then they would be forced to admit that a problem
> relating
>    to rising CO2 levels actually exists.
>    Sent from my iPhone
>    Sent from my iPhone
>
>      On May 2, 2016, at 7:18 AM, Bill Allison <[15]
> allison.billiam at gmail.com>
>      wrote:
>      So, the small issues of thermodynamic considerations and the ultimate
> fate
>      of the CO2 aside, divers may help reefs?
>      On Sun, May 1, 2016 at 12:57 AM, Douglas Fenner <
>      [16]douglasfennertassi at gmail.com> wrote:
>
>      Protecting coral reefs with bubbles
>      [17]https://earth.stanford.edu/news/protecting-coral-reefs-bubbles
>      Open-access
>      Original article:
>      Bubble stripping as a tool to reduce high dissolved CO2 in coastal
> marine
>      ecosystems.  Environmental Science & Technology
>      [18]http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.est.5b04733
>      not open-access, note author's email address
>      --
>      Douglas Fenner
>      Contractor for NOAA NMFS, and consultant
>      "have regulator, will travel"
>      PO Box 7390
>      Pago Pago, American Samoa 96799  USA
>      phone 1 684 622-7084
>      Join the International Society for Reef Studies.  Membership includes
> a
>      subscription to the journal Coral Reefs, and there are discounts for
> pdf
>      subscriptions    and   developing   countries.    Check   it   out!
>      [19]www.fit.edu/isrs/
>      "Belief  in climate change is optional, participation is not."- Jim
>      Beever..
>      "Everyone is entitled to their own opinion, but not to their own
> facts."-
>      Daniel Patrick Moynihan.
>      Carbon tax: a cheap, proven fix to the world's biggest problem.
> (revenue
>      neutral)
>      [20]
> http://edition.cnn.com/2016/04/19/opinions/sutter-carbon-tax-washingto
>      n-british-columbia/index.html
>      Earth's hot streak continues for a record 11 months.
>      [21]
> https://www.yahoo.com/finance/news/earths-hot-streak-continues-record-
>      152700358.html
>      Solar can power more than 100 times America's current electricity
> needs, a
>      new report finds
>      [22]
> http://www.theclimategroup.org/what-we-do/news-and-blogs/solar-can-pow
>
>  er-more-than-100-times-americas-current-electricity-needs-new-report-finds
>      website:  [23]http://independent.academia.edu/DouglasFenner
>      blog: [24]http://ocean.si.edu/blog/reefs-american-samoa-story-hope
>      <
>      [25]
> https://www.avast.com/sig-email?utm_medium=email&utm_source=link&utm_c
>      ampaign=sig-email&utm_content=webmail&utm_term=icon
>      Virus-free.
>      [26]www.avast.com
>      <
>      [27]
> https://www.avast.com/sig-email?utm_medium=email&utm_source=link&utm_c
>      ampaign=sig-email&utm_content=webmail&utm_term=link
>      <#DDB4FAA8-2DD7-40BB-A1B8-4E2AA1F9FDF2>
>      _______________________________________________
>      Coral-List mailing list
>      [28]Coral-List at coral.aoml..noaa.gov
>      [29]http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/mailman/listinfo/coral-list
>
>      --
>      "... the earth is, always has been, and always will be more beautiful
> than
>      it is useful." - Ophuls, 1977
>      _______________________________________________
>      Coral-List mailing list
>      [30]Coral-List at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
>      [31]http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/mailman/listinfo/coral-list
>
>    _______________________________________________
>    Coral-List mailing list
>    [32]Coral-List at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
>    [33]http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/mailman/listinfo/coral-list
>
> References
>
>    1. http://www.stephenfrinkphoto.com/
>    2. http://www.stephenfrink.com/
>    3. http://www.waterhousetours.com/
>    4. http://www.seacamusa.com/
>    5. tel:305-451-3737
>    6. tel:305-766-8832
>    7. mailto:sealab at earthlink.net
>    8. http://www.stephenfrinkphoto.com/
>    9. http://www.stephenfrink.com/
>   10. http://www.waterhousetours.com/
>   11. http://www.seacamusa.com/
>   12. tel:305-451-3737
>   13. tel:305-766-8832
>   14. mailto:sealab at earthlink.net
>   15. mailto:allison.billiam at gmail.com
>   16. mailto:douglasfennertassi at gmail.com
>   17. https://earth.stanford.edu/news/protecting-coral-reefs-bubbles
>   18. http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.est.5b04733
>   19. http://www.fit..edu/isrs/
>   20.
> http://edition.cnn.com/2016/04/19/opinions/sutter-carbon-tax-washington-british-columbia/index.html
>   21.
> https://www.yahoo.com/finance/news/earths-hot-streak-continues-record-152700358.html
>   22.
> http://www.theclimategroup.org/what-we-do/news-and-blogs/solar-can-power-more-than-100-times-americas-current-electricity-needs-new-report-finds
>   23. http://independent.academia.edu/DouglasFenner
>   24. http://ocean.si.edu/blog/reefs-american-samoa-story-hope
>   25.
> https://www.avast.com/sig-email?utm_medium=email&utm_source=link&utm_campaign=sig-email&utm_content=webmail&utm_term=icon
>   26. http://www.avast.com/
>   27.
> https://www.avast.com/sig-email?utm_medium=email&utm_source=link&utm_campaign=sig-email&utm_content=webmail&utm_term=link
>   28. mailto:Coral-List at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
>   29. http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/mailman/listinfo/coral-list
>   30. mailto:Coral-List at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
>   31. http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/mailman/listinfo/coral-list
>   32. mailto:Coral-List at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
>   33. http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/mailman/listinfo/coral-list
>
>
>
> ---------- Forwarded message ----------
> From: Melbourne Briscoe <Mel at briscoe.com>
> To: "'Steve Mussman'" <sealab at earthlink.net>, "'Stephen Frink'" <
> sf at stephenfrink.com>
> Cc: "'Ellen Prager'" <coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov>, "'Mel Briscoe'" <
> mel at briscoe.com>, "'Bill Allison'" <allison.billiam at gmail.com>, "'Laurie
> Wilson'" <blueoceanbusinesssummit at gmail.com>
> Date: Tue, 3 May 2016 22:21:51 +1000
> Subject: Re: [Coral-List] using bubbles to remove CO2 from reef water
> @ Steve Mussman:
> Tainting the entire diving industry because of a dislike for DEMA is a
> reach too far. Your position on DEMA is clear, and consistent, but not
> compelling. Your extension now to the entire diving industry is
> unjustified, and some pushback is warranted.
>
> Mel Briscoe
> Retired WHOI, NOAA, ONR, and Ocean Leadership
>
> -----Original Message-----
> From: coral-list-bounces at coral.aoml.noaa.gov [mailto:
> coral-list-bounces at coral.aoml.noaa.gov] On Behalf Of Steve Mussman
> Sent: Tuesday, May 3, 2016 5:32 AM
> To: Stephen Frink <sf at stephenfrink.com>
> Cc: Ellen Prager <coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Bill Allison <
> allison.billiam at gmail.com>; Laurie Wilson <
> blueoceanbusinesssummit at gmail.com>
> Subject: Re: [Coral-List] using bubbles to remove CO2 from reef water
>
>
>    Stephen,
>    (I'm  adding  Alex to this thread because he has had a long history of
>    involvement  with  both the diving industry and the issues that we are
>    discussing here).
>    I've discussed similar issues on Coral List many times before and I
> believe
>    that most members understand exactly where I am coming from. Generally
>    speaking, it is my opinion that the diving industry as a whole has not
> done
>    nearly  enough  to address the decline of coral reefs world wide. That
>    includes manufacturers, certification agencies, dive shops and resorts..
>    There  are lots of good people doing great things in our industry, but
>    overall the environmental/ecological record of the "diving industry at
>    large" is dismal at best. I wish it wasn't so and we all need to work
> hard
>    in order to change this paradigm.
>    Regards,
>    Steve
>
>      -----Original Message-----
>      From: Stephen Frink
>      Sent: May 2, 2016 2:57 PM
>      To: Steve Mussman
>      Cc: Bill Allison , Ellen Prager , Laurie Wilson
>      Subject: Re: [Coral-List] using bubbles to remove CO2 from reef water
>      Steve - DEMA is different than the dive industry at large. Please be
>      specific if you have concerns.  Many of the members of the list serve
>      wouldnât understand the fine distinction you are making and might
> assume
>      those in the business of services to recreational diving are
> universally
>      ignorant of ecological issues or uncaring.  I donât think either is
>      particularly true.
>
>    Thanks for your consideration.
>
>    Stephen
>    Stephen Frink
>    Publisher, Alert Diver Magazine
>
>
>    portfolio - [1]http://www.stephenfrinkphoto.com
>    general - [2]http://www.stephenfrink.com
>    travel - [3]http://www.waterhousetours.com
>    seacam - [4]http://www.seacamusa.com
>
>
>    address - Stephen Frink Studio
>    100750 Overseas Highway
>    PO Box 372720 (mail only)
>    Key Largo, FL 33037
>
>
>    phone - [5]305-451-3737 (office)
>    [6]305-766-8832 (cell)
>    frink_stephen (Skype)
>
>    On May 2, 2016, at 2:51 PM, Steve Mussman <[7]sealab at earthlink.net>
> wrote:
>
>    Hi Stephen,
>    Of course the diving industry is diverse even in their beliefs relating
> to
>    climate change, but I'm referring to industry leaders. We could argue
> all
>    day about who comprises the "leadership of our industry", but I'm
> pointing
>    the  finger  directly  at  DEMA.  Climate change, ocean acidification,
>    over-fishing and land-based pollutants are basically off their radar as
> I
>    see it. They act as if nothing is happening. We have an opportunity to
>    empower divers to become advocates for moving policies and turning
> things
>    around, but that's not going to happen as long as our industry's power
>    structure remains in denial. I understand the fact that talk of
> declining
>    reefs isn't good for business, but how are we to have hope that we can
>    reverse the trend if our industry perpetuates the illusion (that all is
>    well) by refusing to openly address these issues? As I see it, all of
> us in
>    the industry have a moral responsibility to become activists for our
> oceans
>    and coral reefs. We have taken from it and built our business upon it.
> This
>    is a critical time and the diving industry should be out in front, not
>    laying low hiding in the sea grass.
>    Warm regards,
>    Steve
>
>      -----Original Message-----
>      From: Stephen Frink
>      Sent: May 2, 2016 2:08 PM
>      To: Steve Mussman
>      Cc: Bill Allison , Ellen Prager
>      Subject: Re: [Coral-List] using bubbles to remove CO2 from reef water
>      Steve - What makes you think the dive industry disbelieves climate
> change
>      and/or  CO2  issues?  Anyone I dive with, most of whom have several
>      decadesâ  experience seeing changes in the reef ecosystems we dive,
>      realizes we have issues.  Anecdotal perhaps, but so is a broad brush
>      painting all.
>
>    Stephen
>    Stephen Frink
>    Publisher, Alert Diver Magazine
>
>
>    portfolio - [8]http://www.stephenfrinkphoto.com
>    general - [9]http://www.stephenfrink.com
>    travel - [10]http://www.waterhousetours.com
>    seacam - [11]http://www.seacamusa.com
>
>
>    address - Stephen Frink Studio
>    100750 Overseas Highway
>    PO Box 372720 (mail only)
>    Key Largo, FL 33037
>
>
>    phone - [12]305-451-3737 (office)
>    [13]305-766-8832 (cell)
>    frink_stephen (Skype)
>
>    On May 2, 2016, at 8:40 AM, Steve Mussman <[14]sealab at earthlink.net>
> wrote:
>
>    This presents the diving industry with a rather perplexing dilemma.
>    They could cite this study to promote the idea that coral reefs benefit
> from
>    our bubbles, but then they would be forced to admit that a problem
> relating
>    to rising CO2 levels actually exists.
>    Sent from my iPhone
>    Sent from my iPhone
>
>      On May 2, 2016, at 7:18 AM, Bill Allison <[15]
> allison.billiam at gmail.com>
>      wrote:
>      So, the small issues of thermodynamic considerations and the ultimate
> fate
>      of the CO2 aside, divers may help reefs?
>      On Sun, May 1, 2016 at 12:57 AM, Douglas Fenner <
>      [16]douglasfennertassi at gmail.com> wrote:
>
>      Protecting coral reefs with bubbles
>      [17]https://earth.stanford.edu/news/protecting-coral-reefs-bubbles
>      Open-access
>      Original article:
>      Bubble stripping as a tool to reduce high dissolved CO2 in coastal
> marine
>      ecosystems.  Environmental Science & Technology
>      [18]http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.est.5b04733
>      not open-access, note author's email address
>      --
>      Douglas Fenner
>      Contractor for NOAA NMFS, and consultant
>      "have regulator, will travel"
>      PO Box 7390
>      Pago Pago, American Samoa 96799  USA
>      phone 1 684 622-7084
>      Join the International Society for Reef Studies.  Membership includes
> a
>      subscription to the journal Coral Reefs, and there are discounts for
> pdf
>      subscriptions    and   developing   countries.    Check   it   out!
>      [19]www.fit.edu/isrs/
>      "Belief  in climate change is optional, participation is not."- Jim
>      Beever..
>      "Everyone is entitled to their own opinion, but not to their own
> facts."-
>      Daniel Patrick Moynihan.
>      Carbon tax: a cheap, proven fix to the world's biggest problem.
> (revenue
>      neutral)
>      [20]
> http://edition.cnn.com/2016/04/19/opinions/sutter-carbon-tax-washingto
>      n-british-columbia/index.html
>      Earth's hot streak continues for a record 11 months.
>      [21]
> https://www.yahoo.com/finance/news/earths-hot-streak-continues-record-
>      152700358.html
>      Solar can power more than 100 times America's current electricity
> needs, a
>      new report finds
>      [22]
> http://www.theclimategroup.org/what-we-do/news-and-blogs/solar-can-pow
>
>  er-more-than-100-times-americas-current-electricity-needs-new-report-finds
>      website:  [23]http://independent.academia.edu/DouglasFenner
>      blog: [24]http://ocean.si.edu/blog/reefs-american-samoa-story-hope
>      <
>      [25]
> https://www.avast.com/sig-email?utm_medium=email&utm_source=link&utm_c
>      ampaign=sig-email&utm_content=webmail&utm_term=icon
>      Virus-free.
>      [26]www.avast.com
>      <
>      [27]
> https://www.avast.com/sig-email?utm_medium=email&utm_source=link&utm_c
>      ampaign=sig-email&utm_content=webmail&utm_term=link
>      <#DDB4FAA8-2DD7-40BB-A1B8-4E2AA1F9FDF2>
>      _______________________________________________
>      Coral-List mailing list
>      [28]Coral-List at coral.aoml..noaa.gov
>      [29]http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/mailman/listinfo/coral-list
>
>      --
>      "... the earth is, always has been, and always will be more beautiful
> than
>      it is useful." - Ophuls, 1977
>      _______________________________________________
>      Coral-List mailing list
>      [30]Coral-List at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
>      [31]http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/mailman/listinfo/coral-list
>
>    _______________________________________________
>    Coral-List mailing list
>    [32]Coral-List at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
>    [33]http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/mailman/listinfo/coral-list
>
> References
>
>    1. http://www.stephenfrinkphoto.com/
>    2. http://www.stephenfrink.com/
>    3. http://www.waterhousetours.com/
>    4. http://www.seacamusa.com/
>    5. tel:305-451-3737
>    6. tel:305-766-8832
>    7. mailto:sealab at earthlink.net
>    8. http://www.stephenfrinkphoto.com/
>    9. http://www.stephenfrink.com/
>   10. http://www.waterhousetours.com/
>   11. http://www.seacamusa.com/
>   12. tel:305-451-3737
>   13. tel:305-766-8832
>   14. mailto:sealab at earthlink.net
>   15. mailto:allison.billiam at gmail.com
>   16. mailto:douglasfennertassi at gmail.com
>   17. https://earth.stanford.edu/news/protecting-coral-reefs-bubbles
>   18. http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.est.5b04733
>   19. http://www.fit..edu/isrs/
>   20.
> http://edition.cnn.com/2016/04/19/opinions/sutter-carbon-tax-washington-british-columbia/index.html
>   21.
> https://www.yahoo.com/finance/news/earths-hot-streak-continues-record-152700358.html
>   22.
> http://www.theclimategroup.org/what-we-do/news-and-blogs/solar-can-power-more-than-100-times-americas-current-electricity-needs-new-report-finds
>   23. http://independent.academia.edu/DouglasFenner
>   24. http://ocean.si.edu/blog/reefs-american-samoa-story-hope
>   25.
> https://www.avast.com/sig-email?utm_medium=email&utm_source=link&utm_campaign=sig-email&utm_content=webmail&utm_term=icon
>   26. http://www.avast.com/
>   27.
> https://www.avast.com/sig-email?utm_medium=email&utm_source=link&utm_campaign=sig-email&utm_content=webmail&utm_term=link
>   28. mailto:Coral-List at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
>   29. http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/mailman/listinfo/coral-list
>   30. mailto:Coral-List at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
>   31. http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/mailman/listinfo/coral-list
>   32. mailto:Coral-List at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
>   33. http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/mailman/listinfo/coral-list
> _______________________________________________
> Coral-List mailing list
> Coral-List at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
> http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/mailman/listinfo/coral-list
>
>
>
>
> ---------- Forwarded message ----------
> From: Alex Brylske <brylske at me.com>
> To: Stephen Frink <sf at stephenfrink.com>
> Cc: Ellen Prager <coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov>, Bill Allison <
> allison.billiam at gmail.com>, Laurie Wilson <
> blueoceanbusinesssummit at gmail.com>
> Date: Tue, 3 May 2016 09:16:38 -0400
> Subject: Re: [Coral-List] using bubbles to remove CO2 from reef water
> Stephen:
>
> Personally, I see a HUGE disconnect between what divers purport to
> believe, and what they’re willing to support in action. It’s the old “talk
> the talk but not walk the walk” idea. Sure, every single diver in the world
> will pledge their undying support for “reef conservation.” But when they
> learn what sacrifices are necessary to bring about change, all we hear is
> crickets. Indeed, outright climate deniers are getting harder to find. But
> talk to folks about hard solutions like carbon taxation and other painful
> steps that are necessary and all we get from the diving industry is, “let’s
> pick up more trash.”
>
> The recent press report in Australia, where dive operators are refusing to
> even assist the press and researchers in getting out the reefs, is a good
> point in support of Steve M’s position. We’ve seen the same thing here the
> Keys at times when stories come out about the deteriorating state of our
> own reefs. Ironically, we may have an interesting test case on the dive
> industry’s reaction in today’s Miami Herald:
> http://www.miamiherald.com/news/local/community/broward/article75212417.html
> <
> http://www.miamiherald.com/news/local/community/broward/article75212417.html
> >.
>
> Time will tell…but the reef may no longer be here.
>
> Alex Brylske
> 615 West Shore Dr.
> Summerland Key, FL 33042
> 954-701-1966 (cell)
> brylske at me.com
>
>
>
>
> > On May 2, 2016, at 2:57 PM, Stephen Frink <sf at stephenfrink.com> wrote:
> >
> > Steve - DEMA is different than the dive industry at large. Please be
> specific if you have concerns.  Many of the members of the list serve
> wouldn’t understand the fine distinction you are making and might assume
> those in the business of services to recreational diving are universally
> ignorant of ecological issues or uncaring.  I don’t think either is
> particularly true.
> >
> > Thanks for your consideration.
> >
> > Stephen
> > Stephen Frink
> > Publisher, Alert Diver Magazine
> >
> > portfolio - http://www.stephenfrinkphoto.com <
> http://www.stephenfrinkphoto.com/> <http://www.stephenfrinkphoto.com/ <
> http://www.stephenfrinkphoto.com/>>
> > general - http://www.stephenfrink.com <http://www.stephenfrink.com/> <
> http://www.stephenfrink.com/ <http://www.stephenfrink.com/>>
> > travel - http://www.waterhousetours.com <http://www.waterhousetours.com/>
> <http://www.waterhousetours.com/ <http://www.waterhousetours.com/>>
> > seacam - http://www.seacamusa.com <http://www.seacamusa.com/> <
> http://www.seacamusa.com/ <http://www.seacamusa.com/>>
> >
> > address - Stephen Frink Studio
> > 100750 Overseas Highway
> > PO Box 372720 (mail only)
> > Key Largo, FL 33037
> >
> > phone - 305-451-3737 <tel:305-451-3737> (office)
> > 305-766-8832 <tel:305-766-8832> (cell)
> > frink_stephen (Skype)
> >
> >> On May 2, 2016, at 2:51 PM, Steve Mussman <sealab at earthlink.net
> <mailto:sealab at earthlink.net>> wrote:
> >>
> >> Hi Stephen,
> >>
> >> Of course the diving industry is diverse even in their beliefs relating
> to climate change, but I'm referring to industry leaders. We could argue
> all day about who comprises the "leadership of our industry", but I'm
> pointing the finger directly at DEMA. Climate change, ocean acidification,
> over-fishing and land-based pollutants are basically off their radar as I
> see it. They act as if nothing is happening. We have an opportunity to
> empower divers to become advocates for moving policies and turning things
> around, but that's not going to happen as long as our industry's power
> structure remains in denial. I understand the fact that talk of declining
> reefs isn't good for business, but how are we to have hope that we can
> reverse the trend if our industry perpetuates the illusion (that all is
> well) by refusing to openly address these issues? As I see it, all of us in
> the industry have a moral responsibility to become activists for our oceans
> and coral reefs. We have taken from it and built our business upon it. This
> is a critical time and the diving industry should be out in front, not
> laying low hiding in the sea grass.
> >>
> >> Warm regards,
> >> Steve
> >>
> >>
> >> -----Original Message-----
> >> From: Stephen Frink
> >> Sent: May 2, 2016 2:08 PM
> >> To: Steve Mussman
> >> Cc: Bill Allison , Ellen Prager
> >> Subject: Re: [Coral-List] using bubbles to remove CO2 from reef water
> >>
> >> Steve - What makes you think the dive industry disbelieves climate
> change and/or CO2 issues?  Anyone I dive with, most of whom have several
> decades’ experience seeing changes in the reef ecosystems we dive, realizes
> we have issues.  Anecdotal perhaps, but so is a broad brush painting all.
> >>
> >> Stephen
> >> Stephen Frink
> >> Publisher, Alert Diver Magazine
> >>
> >> portfolio - http://www.stephenfrinkphoto.com <
> http://www.stephenfrinkphoto.com/> <http://www.stephenfrinkphoto.com/ <
> http://www.stephenfrinkphoto.com/>>
> >> general - http://www.stephenfrink.com <http://www.stephenfrink.com/> <
> http://www.stephenfrink.com/ <http://www.stephenfrink.com/>>
> >> travel - http://www.waterhousetours.com <
> http://www.waterhousetours.com/> <http://www.waterhousetours.com/ <
> http://www.waterhousetours.com/>>
> >> seacam - http://www.seacamusa.com <http://www.seacamusa.com/> <
> http://www.seacamusa.com/ <http://www.seacamusa.com/>>
> >>
> >> address - Stephen Frink Studio
> >> 100750 Overseas Highway
> >> PO Box 372720 (mail only)
> >> Key Largo, FL 33037
> >>
> >> phone - 305-451-3737 <tel:305-451-3737> (office)
> >> 305-766-8832 <tel:305-766-8832> (cell)
> >> frink_stephen (Skype)
> >>
> >>> On May 2, 2016, at 8:40 AM, Steve Mussman <sealab at earthlink.net
> <mailto:sealab at earthlink.net><mailto:sealab at earthlink.net <mailto:
> sealab at earthlink.net>>> wrote:
> >>>
> >>> This presents the diving industry with a rather perplexing dilemma.
> >>>
> >>> They could cite this study to promote the idea that coral reefs
> benefit from our bubbles, but then they would be forced to admit that a
> problem relating to rising CO2 levels actually exists.
> >>>
> >>> Sent from my iPhone
> >>>
> >>>
> >>>
> >>> Sent from my iPhone
> >>>> On May 2, 2016, at 7:18 AM, Bill Allison <allison.billiam at gmail.com
> <mailto:allison.billiam at gmail.com><mailto:allison.billiam at gmail.com
> <mailto:allison.billiam at gmail.com>>> wrote:
> >>>>
> >>>> So, the small issues of thermodynamic considerations and the ultimate
> fate
> >>>> of the CO2 aside, divers may help reefs?
> >>>>
> >>>> On Sun, May 1, 2016 at 12:57 AM, Douglas Fenner <
> >>>> douglasfennertassi at gmail.com <mailto:douglasfennertassi at gmail.com>
> <mailto:douglasfennertassi at gmail.com <mailto:douglasfennertassi at gmail.com>>>
> wrote:
> >>>>
> >>>>> Protecting coral reefs with bubbles
> >>>>>
> >>>>> https://earth.stanford.edu/news/protecting-coral-reefs-bubbles <
> https://earth.stanford.edu/news/protecting-coral-reefs-bubbles><
> https://earth.stanford.edu/news/protecting-coral-reefs-bubbles <
> https://earth.stanford.edu/news/protecting-coral-reefs-bubbles>>
> >>>>>
> >>>>> Open-access
> >>>>>
> >>>>> Original article:
> >>>>>
> >>>>> Bubble stripping as a tool to reduce high dissolved CO2 in coastal
> marine
> >>>>> ecosystems.  Environmental Science & Technology
> >>>>>
> >>>>> http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.est.5b04733 <
> http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.est.5b04733><
> http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.est.5b04733 <
> http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.est.5b04733>>
> >>>>>
> >>>>> not open-access, note author's email address
> >>>>>
> >>>>> --
> >>>>> Douglas Fenner
> >>>>> Contractor for NOAA NMFS, and consultant
> >>>>> "have regulator, will travel"
> >>>>> PO Box 7390
> >>>>> Pago Pago, American Samoa 96799  USA
> >>>>>
> >>>>> phone 1 684 622-7084
> >>>>>
> >>>>> Join the International Society for Reef Studies.  Membership
> includes a
> >>>>> subscription to the journal Coral Reefs, and there are discounts for
> pdf
> >>>>> subscriptions and developing countries.  Check it out!
> www.fit.edu/isrs/ <http://www.fit.edu/isrs/><http://www.fit.edu/isrs/ <
> http://www.fit.edu/isrs/>>
> >>>>>
> >>>>> "Belief in climate change is optional, participation is not."- Jim
> Beever..
> >>>>> "Everyone is entitled to their own opinion, but not to their own
> facts."-
> >>>>> Daniel Patrick Moynihan.
> >>>>>
> >>>>> Carbon tax: a cheap, proven fix to the world's biggest problem.
> (revenue
> >>>>> neutral)
> >>>>>
> >>>>>
> >>>>>
> http://edition.cnn.com/2016/04/19/opinions/sutter-carbon-tax-washington-british-columbia/index.html
> <
> http://edition.cnn.com/2016/04/19/opinions/sutter-carbon-tax-washington-british-columbia/index.html>
> <
> http://edition.cnn.com/2016/04/19/opinions/sutter-carbon-tax-washington-british-columbia/index.html
> <
> http://edition.cnn.com/2016/04/19/opinions/sutter-carbon-tax-washington-british-columbia/index.html
> >>
> >>>>>
> >>>>> Earth's hot streak continues for a record 11 months.
> >>>>>
> >>>>>
> >>>>>
> https://www.yahoo.com/finance/news/earths-hot-streak-continues-record-152700358.html
> <
> https://www.yahoo.com/finance/news/earths-hot-streak-continues-record-152700358.html>
> <
> https://www.yahoo.com/finance/news/earths-hot-streak-continues-record-152700358.html
> <
> https://www.yahoo.com/finance/news/earths-hot-streak-continues-record-152700358.html
> >>
> >>>>>
> >>>>> Solar can power more than 100 times America's current electricity
> needs, a
> >>>>> new report finds
> >>>>>
> >>>>>
> >>>>>
> http://www.theclimategroup.org/what-we-do/news-and-blogs/solar-can-power-more-than-100-times-americas-current-electricity-needs-new-report-finds
> <
> http://www.theclimategroup.org/what-we-do/news-and-blogs/solar-can-power-more-than-100-times-americas-current-electricity-needs-new-report-finds
> ><
> http://www.theclimategroup.org/what-we-do/news-and-blogs/solar-can-power-more-than-100-times-americas-current-electricity-needs-new-report-finds
> <
> http://www.theclimategroup.org/what-we-do/news-and-blogs/solar-can-power-more-than-100-times-americas-current-electricity-needs-new-report-finds
> >>
> >>>>>
> >>>>> website:  http://independent.academia.edu/DouglasFenner <
> http://independent.academia.edu/DouglasFenner><
> http://independent.academia.edu/DouglasFenner <
> http://independent.academia.edu/DouglasFenner>>
> >>>>>
> >>>>> blog: http://ocean.si.edu/blog/reefs-american-samoa-story-hope <
> http://ocean.si.edu/blog/reefs-american-samoa-story-hope><http://ocean.si...edu/blog/reefs-american-samoa-story-hope
> <http://ocean.si.edu/blog/reefs-american-samoa-story-hope>>
> >>>>>
> >>>>>
> >>>>> <
> >>>>>
> https://www.avast.com/sig-email?utm_medium=email&utm_source=link&utm_campaign=sig-email&utm_content=webmail&utm_term=icon
> <
> https://www.avast.com/sig-email?utm_medium=email&utm_source=link&utm_campaign=sig-email&utm_content=webmail&utm_term=icon>
> <
> https://www.avast.com/sig-email?utm_medium=email&utm_source=link&utm_campaign=sig-email&utm_content=webmail&utm_term=icon
> <
> https://www.avast.com/sig-email?utm_medium=email&utm_source=link&utm_campaign=sig-email&utm_content=webmail&utm_term=icon
> >>
> >>>>> Virus-free.
> >>>>> www.avast.com <http://www.avast.com/> <http://www.avast.com/ <
> http://www.avast.com/>>
> >>>>> <
> >>>>>
> https://www.avast.com/sig-email?utm_medium=email&utm_source=link&utm_campaign=sig-email&utm_content=webmail&utm_term=link
> <
> https://www.avast.com/sig-email?utm_medium=email&utm_source=link&utm_campaign=sig-email&utm_content=webmail&utm_term=link>
> <
> https://www.avast.com/sig-email?utm_medium=email&utm_source=link&utm_campaign=sig-email&utm_content=webmail&utm_term=link
> <
> https://www.avast.com/sig-email?utm_medium=email&utm_source=link&utm_campaign=sig-email&utm_content=webmail&utm_term=link
> >>
> >>>>> <#DDB4FAA8-2DD7-40BB-A1B8-4E2AA1F9FDF2>
> >>>>> _______________________________________________
> >>>>> Coral-List mailing list
> >>>>> Coral-List at coral.aoml.noaa.gov <mailto:
> Coral-List at coral.aoml.noaa.gov> <mailto:Coral-List at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
> <mailto:Coral-List at coral.aoml.noaa.gov>>
> >>>>> http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/mailman/listinfo/coral-list <
> http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/mailman/listinfo/coral-list><http://coral.aoml..
> .noaa.gov/mailman/listinfo/coral-list <
> http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/mailman/listinfo/coral-list>>
> >>>>
> >>>>
> >>>>
> >>>> --
> >>>> "... the earth is, always has been, and always will be more beautiful
> than
> >>>> it is useful." - Ophuls, 1977
> >>>> _______________________________________________
> >>>> Coral-List mailing list
> >>>> Coral-List at coral.aoml.noaa.gov <mailto:Coral-List at coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
> <mailto:Coral-List at coral.aoml.noaa.gov <mailto:
> Coral-List at coral.aoml.noaa.gov>>
> >>>> http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/mailman/listinfo/coral-list <
> http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/mailman/listinfo/coral-list><http://coral.aoml..
> .noaa.gov/mailman/listinfo/coral-list <
> http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/mailman/listinfo/coral-list>>
> >>>
> >>> _______________________________________________
> >>> Coral-List mailing list
> >>> Coral-List at coral.aoml.noaa.gov <mailto:Coral-List at coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
> <mailto:Coral-List at coral.aoml.noaa.gov <mailto:
> Coral-List at coral.aoml.noaa.gov>>
> >>> http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/mailman/listinfo/coral-list <
> http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/mailman/listinfo/coral-list><http://coral.aoml..
> .noaa.gov/mailman/listinfo/coral-list <
> http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/mailman/listinfo/coral-list>>
> >>
> >>
> >
> > _______________________________________________
> > Coral-List mailing list
> > Coral-List at coral.aoml.noaa.gov <mailto:Coral-List at coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
> > http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/mailman/listinfo/coral-list <
> http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/mailman/listinfo/coral-list>
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> Coral-List mailing list
> Coral-List at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
> http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/mailman/listinfo/coral-list
>



-- 
David Koweek
Doctoral Candidate
Department of Earth System Science
Stanford University
David Koweek's website <https://profiles.stanford.edu/david-koweek>
dkoweek at stanford.edu


More information about the Coral-List mailing list