[Coral-List] Paper out - 50 days free download

Raquel Peixoto raquelpeixoto at micro.ufrj.br
Fri Sep 16 18:13:24 EDT 2016


Good point, Douglas, here in Brazil we have a national park in Fernando de
Noronha using a similar system. Perhaps this is the best way...
Cheers
Raquel

Em sexta-feira, 16 de setembro de 2016, Douglas Fenner <
douglasfennertassi at gmail.com> escreveu:

> Malaysia has a small, very nice reef area in a national park island that is
> a very popular spot for groups of people who are mostly beginner
> snorkelers, city dwellers.  The coral is branching and delicate, and much
> if it is shallow enough at low tide that people could walk on it and crush
> it.  The shore is sand, so easy entry there.  So the Nat park restricts the
> hours that snorkelers (that come on boats from the mainland) can be in the
> water to high and maybe medium tide.  The time comes, a whistle is blown,
> and everyone must get out and get on the boat to return.  In addition,
> everyone must wear a life vest, which both makes them safe and forces them
> to float on the surface, and they can't wear fins.  Net effect, many
> hundreds of happy snorkelers a day, and shallow delicate coral has no signs
> of breakage!  Fabulous!!  Very smart system thanks to the brilliant ideas
> of the park staff!!
> Cheers,  Doug
>
> On Thu, Sep 15, 2016 at 12:41 PM, Osmar Luiz <osmarluizjr at gmail.com
> <javascript:;>> wrote:
>
> > Hi Martina, Hi Magnus,
> >
> > Some years ago I did a study in Brazil assessing the potential impacts of
> > both scuba divers and snorkelers in a popular island destination
> (Fernando
> > de Noronha Archipelago). What I saw is that despite snorkelers being far
> > more abundant than scuba divers, they spend 98% of the time just floating
> > on the sea surface, so they contact with corals and other bottom
> substrate
> > was meaningless. On the other hand, scuba divers were much more likely to
> > bump on coral colonies and handling other kind of organisms.
> >
> > The major threat imposed by snorkelers is just on the moment of getting
> in
> > and out of the sea, when they potentially can walk over the shallow coral
> > fringe. The way we found to manage this is just allowing snorkelers to
> get
> > to the reef through a sand beach by the reef, then they can walk over
> sand
> > until they reach an appropriate depth to start swim over the reef. If
> done
> > this way, snorkelling has virtually no physical impact over the reef
> (note
> > that I say ‘physical’, you may want to consider other things like
> > overcrowding scaring big fishes away, but this is a different thing of
> what
> > we‘re discussing here). I know that the geography of the place must help
> > (having an easy access to the reef by the beach), fortunately that was
> the
> > case at my study site.
> >
> > Best regards
> > Osmar
> >
> >
> >
> > ---------------------------
> > Osmar J. Luiz, Ph.D
> > Department of Biological Sciences
> > Macquarie University
> > Sydney, 2109 NSW
> > Australia
> >
> > e-mail: osmarjluiz at gmail.com <javascript:;>
> > phone: +612 98506271
> > mobile: +61 0420817392
> > http://acropora.bio.mq.edu.au/people/osmar-luiz/
> > Publications list: http://publicationslist.org/osmar.luiz
> > https://scholar.google.com.au/citations?user=_ArEYYMAAAAJ&
> > hl=en&cstart=0&pagesize=20
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> > > On 16 Sep 2016, at 2:20 AM, martina <
> m.milanese at studioassociatogaia.com <javascript:;>>
> > wrote:
> > >
> > > Hi Magnus,
> > >
> > > thanks for sharing the two papers - I didn't know the second one, very
> > > interesting!
> > >
> > > I share your concern about snorkelling. Actually, in my experience
> > > working in the diving (but also, more in general, in the marine tourism
> > > business), snorkellers are less experienced and less knowledged about
> > > the sea. Also, it is much easier to organise a mass excursion with a
> bus
> > > of first-time snorkellers than with first-time divers.
> > >
> > > In general, for what we may argue that the level can and should be
> > > improved, divers have received a minimum of training and have expressed
> > > a certain degree of interest in the sea (a course has a cost and many
> > > novice divers need to overcome some degrees of a natural sense of
> fear)..
> > > This does not apply to snorkellers. Additionally, often snorkellers are
> > > either let alone in the water or guided by staff with a-specific
> > > training - on the contrary divers are mostly guided, and a dive guide
> > > has received specific training.
> > >
> > >
> > > Finally, talking about numbers, it seems clear that snorkellers are
> many
> > > more than divers, and that their (potential) impact is very
> concentrated
> > > along a limited stretch of very shallow habitats. One may argue that is
> > > better to sacrify this limited habitats rather than spread impacts at
> > > differen depths over larger areas. Guess it is a matter of how many
> > > people, how concerned, and how vulnerable the site.
> > >
> > > A pro for snorkelling is: it's something nearly everyone can try. If
> > > appropriately done (and there are ways to do it right) it's a fantastic
> > > way to engage people with the sea. So I'd say, as always, it's not the
> > > thing per se but how it is implemented...
> > >
> > > Cheers
> > > Martina
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > > Dr Martina Milanese, PhD
> > >
> > > skype: m.milanese
> > > https://it.linkedin.com/in/martina-milanese-46963436
> > > twitter: @martix_m
> > >
> > > Italian Mob. (WA) +39-338-1196672
> > > Moroccan Mob. +212-636808514
> > >
> > > Studio Associato Gaia Snc dei Dottori Antonio Sarà e Martina Milanese
> > > Via Brigata Liguria 1/9 scala A
> > > 16121 Genova - Italy
> > > PI 01600400996
> > >
> > > Il 15/09/16 12:32, Magnus L Johnson ha scritto:
> > >> Hi Martina,
> > >>
> > >> This looks very interesting (especially given some recent passionate
> > discussions on Coral-L!)  You/others might also be interested in these
> open
> > access and peer-reviewed articles:
> > >>
> > >> The Relationship between Diver Experience Levels and Perceptions of
> > Attractiveness of Artificial Reefs - Examination of a Potential
> Management
> > Tool
> > >>
> > >> http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/
> > journal.pone.0068899
> > >>
> > >> And
> > >>
> > >> Artificial reefs and marine protected areas: a study in willingness to
> > pay to access Folkestone Marine Reserve, Barbados, West Indies
> > >>
> > >> https://peerj.com/articles/2175/
> > >>
> > >> I think artificial reefs have a role to play in reducing the impact of
> > scuba divers (especially trainees) on vulnerable sites by drawing them
> > away.  However there is the argument also that they serve to increase the
> > popularity of diving tourism overall and may in the long term lead to
> more
> > pressure on natural reefs.
> > >>
> > >> It is interesting that diving receives lots of attention (~112 000
> hits
> > on google scholar) while we pay less attention to snorkelling (~6390
> hits)
> > and in my experience the damage to shallow reefs by snorkelers, who you
> > could argue may be less committed (generally speaking) to their hobby and
> > the marine environment, is significant in many places.
> > >>
> > >> Best wishes, Magnus
> > >>
> > >>
> > >> -----Original Message-----
> > >> From: martina [mailto:m.milanese at studioassociatogaia.com
> <javascript:;>]
> > >> Sent: 14 September 2016 21:57
> > >> To: coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov <javascript:;>
> > >> Subject: [Coral-List] Paper out - 50 days free download
> > >>
> > >> Dear all,
> > >>
> > >> as an output of the ongoing EU-funded project "Green Bubbles RISE for
> > sustainable diving", I'm pleased to announce the publication of the
> paper:
> > >>
> > >> Scuba diving tourism systems and sustainability: Perceptions by the
> > scuba diving industry in two Marine Protected Areas. Tourism Management
> > (2017), pp. 385-403 DOI: 10.1016/j.tourman.2016.09.004
> > >>
> > >> The paper will enjoy 50-days (until Nov 1st, 2016) free download at
> > this link, courtesy of Elsevier: http://authors.elsevier.com/a/
> > 1TiLYxTbMbITH
> > >>
> > >> Abstract: Scuba diving tourism encourages conservation, generates
> > revenue, and supports local communities. Understanding its interactions
> > with environmental, social, and economic factors is important in the
> > context of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs), where dynamics between role
> > players are complex. This study provides insights into the problems
> > affecting the sustainability of the scuba diving tourism industry in two
> > MPAs in Italy and Mozambique. The interactions between the industry and
> > environment, economy, non-monetary aspects, society, governance, and
> > scientific community were investigated via question- naire surveys and
> > interviews with 20 scuba diving operators. Operators felt the importance
> of
> > scuba diving to themselves, MPAs, and resident communities, although they
> > lamented limited support to the industry by other stakeholders.
> > >> Recommendations to enhance sustainability include actions ranging from
> > engagement in planning and management to education and social
> > responsibility. However, the heterogeneity of issues perceived by the
> > industry, reflected in differences between the case studies, calls for ad
> > hoc measures.
> > >>
> > >> Please let me thank Serena Lucrezi (corresponding author) for her
> > incredibly focused attitude all along the way, from laying down field
> work
> > until the final revisions of the proofs. My gratitude also to all other
> > authors, it has been a pleasure (and it still is) working with you!
> > >>
> > >> Martina
> > >>
> > >> --
> > >> Dr Martina Milanese, PhD
> > >>
> > >> skype: m.milanese
> > >> https://it.linkedin.com/in/martina-milanese-46963436
> > >> twitter: @martix_m
> > >>
> > >> Italian Mob. (WA) +39-338-1196672
> > >> Moroccan Mob. +212-636808514
> > >>
> > >> Studio Associato Gaia Snc dei Dottori Antonio Sarà e Martina Milanese
> > Via Brigata Liguria 1/9 scala A
> > >> 16121 Genova - Italy
> > >> PI 01600400996
> > >> _______________________________________________
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> > >> Coral-List at coral.aoml.noaa.gov <javascript:;>
> > >> http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/mailman/listinfo/coral-list
> > >>
> > >>
> > >>
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>
>
> --
> Douglas Fenner
> Contractor for NOAA NMFS, and consultant
> "have regulator, will travel"
> PO Box 7390
> Pago Pago, American Samoa 96799  USA
>
> phone 1 684 622-7084
>
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