[Coral-List] Internships
Cynthia Ross
scubatoads at sbcglobal.net
Thu Mar 16 11:41:54 EDT 2017
I’m piping in here as someone who participated in internships in my previous career. I agree that internships are invaluable avenues of experience and when I hear the term I think “volunteer work experience”. Such an experience should not be called an internship if one has to pay for it. It should be called an intensive practical course or something. When I see a listing for an internship that requires a large out of pocket sum for the intern, it sets off the warning bells that something isn’t right. Just my thoughts.
Cheers,
Cynthia Ross
Grad student - UTA, Coral Diseases and Immunology
> On Mar 16, 2017, at 7:52 AM, coral-list-request at coral.aoml.noaa.gov wrote:
>
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> Today's Topics:
>
> 1. Re: Importance of internships (Alex Brylske)
> 2. 2016 Great Barrier Reef Bleaching featured in Nature cover
> story (Mark Eakin - NOAA Federal)
> 3. Re: 'Internships' (steven.carrion)
> 4. article on 2016 Great Barrier Reef bleaching (Douglas Fenner)
> 5. more stories on coral bleaching (Douglas Fenner)
>
>
> ----------------------------------------------------------------------
>
> Message: 1
> Date: Wed, 15 Mar 2017 14:04:00 -0400
> From: Alex Brylske <brylske at me.com>
> Subject: Re: [Coral-List] Importance of internships
> To: Nicole Crane <nicrane at cabrillo.edu>
> Cc: coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
> Message-ID: <AD7A09A2-0C1C-4D76-A01D-5559936E812D at me.com>
> Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8
>
> I agree and will post the notice on my door with an explanation that this isn?t a typical ?internship,? but more like a course with substantial out-of-pocket expenses. And I?d encourage the folks at RIMS to revise their terminology in the future.
>
> Alex Brylske
>
>
>> On Mar 15, 2017, at 11:06 AM, Nicole Crane <nicrane at cabrillo.edu> wrote:
>>
>> I will pipe in here. I have spent the better part of my career advocating for and raising funds to support underserved, underrepresented and underfunded students, who so often are the super motivated and super engaged. I also understand the importance of skills and experience in not only equipping these (and all) students to be competitive, but also to give them experiences and connectedness to marine science in the field - something many (as you point out) do not have the ability to engage with - as much as because of costs as lack of access to information about them.
>>
>> I also run a research project in Micronesia - a remote and expensive place to get to. I am dedicated to involving students in that work - students from Micronesia as well as students from the US. It is not a vacation, and student are put to work and gain valuable skills. Because of the remote location, it is both expensive and difficult to get funding for (a bit less so the science, but certainly to send students). We need to charge to be able to have students (no one makes money, but some need to pay for airfare room board etc.). We also work super hard to provide some scholarship $$.
>>
>> SO, instead of not providing this as an internship experience, we instead help them raise funds to support themselves. Many of our students have had great luck with go fund me campaigns, fundraisers through their churches, community, extended family etc. Rather than us always trying to get funding to support these opportunities (which we are always trying to do), how about also including communities to support their own?
>>
>> In sum, I do agree that these opportunities often seem elitist and exclude many who are deserving of inclusion, but I disagree that we should just give up then and call them vacations - truly offering the opportunity only to the privileged. Why instead don't we work harder to give more students access to avenues of funding so they CAN participate in them. Its a fact of life that programs such as this are expensive, so by limiting their advertisement, we just shut the door on even more.
>>
>> PLEASE, if you run and advertise such programs, let?s all work harder to help increase access, help others raise funds, and promote equity and diversity. It will benefit people, the environment, and our programs in the long run.
>>
>> Thanks all!
>> Nicole
>>
>>> On Mar 14, 2017, at 7:41 PM, Damien Beri <beridl at g.cofc.edu> wrote:
>>>
>>> Dear Coral List,
>>>
>>> I opt to negotiate the terms in which we decide something is eligible to be called an internship on this list. An internship should not cost anyone money. 3000$ for eligibility for an internship is elitist. It doesn?t matter if its for room & board, travel, or what not. The internship should be offered to students of the prospective area of study, if room & board + travel are included in the internship offerers budget. While I understand coral reef research requires various types of external forms of funding to function, due to lack of said funding. It is simply wrong to offer such opportunities to those with the merits afforded by monitory exchanges, and the situation in which you were raised that offered you the ability to receive such scholarly merits or funding to attend such an internship. I am sure many will agree with this point, and I am sure even more will disagree. I however feel that this email chain should be open to this discussion.
>>>
>>> Thank you,
>>> Warm regards,
>>> D
>>>
>>>
>>> On Mar 13, 2017, at 4:57 PM, RIMS Internship <internship at roatanims.org> wrote:
>>>
>>>> There are just a few weeks left until the March 31st application deadline.
>>>> Please share this information with students and other educators who may be
>>>> interested!
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> *CORAL REEF RESEARCH INTERNSHIP IN ROATAN (July 22 ?August 19, 2017)*
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> *PROGRAM LOCATION: *The Roatan Institute for Marine Sciences (RIMS),
>>>> Roatan, Bay Islands, Honduras.
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> The Roatan Institute for Marine Sciences (RIMS) is excited to offer a
>>>> 4-week long Coral Reef Research Internship this summer. If you are
>>>> interested in coral reef ecology and conservation, this internship will
>>>> provide a unique opportunity to live on a small Caribbean island and gain
>>>> valuable field research experience on one of the most biologically diverse
>>>> and well-developed reefs in the Caribbean.
>>>>
>>>> RIMS was founded in 1989 with the primary objective of protecting Roatan?s
>>>> natural resources through education and research. In almost three decades
>>>> our facility has established itself as a dedicated teaching institution and
>>>> we are visited throughout the year by colleges and universities from abroad
>>>> to study tropical marine ecosystems. Our facility is ideally located on
>>>> the northwest coast of Roatan with easy access to miles of fringing and
>>>> barrier reef, seagrass beds, and mangrove communities.
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> *INTERNSHIP DATES:* The 4-week internship will run from July 22 through
>>>> August 19, 2017.
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> *ELIGIBILITY: *The program will be limited to 12 interns and is open to
>>>> upper level undergraduate students or recent graduates with a genuine
>>>> interest in coral reef ecosystems. Students must be 18 years old at the
>>>> start of the internship and SCUBA certified. We do not offer course credit
>>>> for the program, but due to the intensive structure of the course, we
>>>> encourage successful applicants to arrange for independent studies or
>>>> undergraduate research credit through their home institution.
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> *INTERNSHIP DESCRIPTION:* During the 4 weeks spent on Roatan, students
>>>> will interact with staff experts and visiting faculty as they investigate
>>>> and explore a variety of coral reef environments. Through lectures, site
>>>> visits and practical field exercises, students will learn the flora and
>>>> fauna of the region and understand the roles of different ecological
>>>> processes on a coral reef.
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> Through collaborative research activities, mentorship and independent
>>>> research projects, students will receive direct exposure to reef monitoring
>>>> methods, as they develop, implement and communicate their own research. In
>>>> addition to the academic and research opportunities our program provides,
>>>> interns will also gain important cultural and social development. This
>>>> internship is a chance of a lifetime and the transformative experiences
>>>> students will be exposed to can contribute to personal growth and career
>>>> advancement.
>>>>
>>>> Under the direction of professional mentors and marine biologists and RIMS
>>>> staff, students will engage in a wide variety of activities and gain
>>>> experience in the:
>>>>
>>>> - Field experience in the Identification of Caribbean coral, fish,
>>>> invertebrates and algal species
>>>> - Application of field research methods to assess coral cover,
>>>> abundance, and reef health
>>>> - Development and implementation of an independent research project.
>>>> - Participation in reef restoration projects and maintenance and
>>>> monitoring of our coral nurseries.
>>>> - Management of invasive lionfish populations through collaboration with
>>>> the Roatan Marine Park.
>>>> - Participation in field trips on and around Roatan.
>>>> - Interaction with local conservation professionals.
>>>>
>>>> *COURSE FEE:* The fee for the course is *$2975.00 USD*. The fee includes
>>>> full room & board, diving, tanks and weights, lab and classroom fees,
>>>> airport transfers, off site field excursions and all applicable taxes.
>>>>
>>>> *APPLICATION DEADLINE*: Applications are due by March 31st, 2017.
>>>> Applications will not be accepted if all the required forms have not been
>>>> received.
>>>>
>>>> For more information about the Coral Reef Research Internship at RIMS and
>>>> to access the *Application Form* please visit our webpage at:
>>>> www.roatanims.org
>>>>
>>>> *CONTACT INFORMATION:* For more information or questions about the
>>>> internship please contact:
>>>> Jennifer Keck
>>>> Education & Research Coordinator
>>>> Roatan Institute for Marine Sciences
>>>> internship at roatanims.org
>>>> 011-504 9556-0212 <+504%209556-0212>
>>>> www.roatanims.org
>>>> _______________________________________________
>>>> Coral-List mailing list
>>>> Coral-List at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
>>>> http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/mailman/listinfo/coral-list
>>>
>>> _______________________________________________
>>> Coral-List mailing list
>>> Coral-List at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
>>> http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/mailman/listinfo/coral-list
>>
>> _______________________________________________
>> Coral-List mailing list
>> Coral-List at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
>> http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/mailman/listinfo/coral-list
>
>
>
> ------------------------------
>
> Message: 2
> Date: Wed, 15 Mar 2017 14:21:53 -0400
> From: Mark Eakin - NOAA Federal <mark.eakin at noaa.gov>
> Subject: [Coral-List] 2016 Great Barrier Reef Bleaching featured in
> Nature cover story
> To: Coral Listserver <coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
> Message-ID: <4897B254-88FC-4DCC-8F88-7526A48BF482 at noaa.gov>
> Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8
>
> The 16 March issue of Nature features an article about the 2016 severe bleaching on the Great Barrier Reef ? just as the GBR is bleaching again.
>
> NOAA?s Coral Reef Watch is proud to be part of this collaboration led by the James Cook University and the Australian Research Council?s Coral Reef Center of Excellence.
>
> Key points from the study include:
>
> 2015-2016 saw record temperatures that triggered a massive episode of coral bleaching across the tropics, as confirmed by both aerial and in-water surveys, including along the Great Barrier Reef.
> Coral bleaching events should no longer be thought of as individual disturbances to reefs, but as recurring events that threaten the viability of coral reefs globally.
> The Great Barrier Reef has had three major bleaching episodes, in 1998, 2002 and 2016, with the latest being the most severe and with catastrophic levels of bleaching occurring in the northern third of the Reef (a region approximately 800 km or 500 miles in length).
> The amount of bleaching on individual reefs in 2016 was tightly linked to local heat exposure.
> The cumulative, superimposed footprint of the three mass bleaching events on the Great Barrier Reef has now encompassed virtually all of the Reef.
> Better water quality or reduced fishing pressure did not significantly reduce the severity of bleaching.
> Past exposure to bleaching in 1998 and 2002 did not lessen the severity of the bleaching in 2016!
>
>
> For maps, link to the paper, and more, see https://coralreefwatch.noaa.gov/satellite/publications_hughes-etal_nature_20170316.php
>
> Cheers,
> Mark
>
> ------------------------------------------------------------------
> C. Mark Eakin, Ph.D.
> Coordinator, NOAA Coral Reef Watch
> National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
> Center for Satellite Applications and Research
> Satellite Oceanography & Climate Division
> e-mail: mark.eakin at noaa.gov
> url: coralreefwatch.noaa.gov
> Twitter: @CoralReefWatch FB: Coral Reef Watch
>
> NOAA Center for Weather and Climate Prediction (NCWCP)
> 5830 University Research Ct., E/RA32
> College Park, MD 20740
> Office: (301) 683-3320 Fax: (301) 683-3301
> Mobile: (301) 502-8608 SOCD Office: (301) 683-3300
>
> "A world without coral reefs is unimaginable."
> NOAA Administrator Dr. Jane Lubchenco, March 25 2010
>
>
>
> ------------------------------
>
> Message: 3
> Date: Wed, 15 Mar 2017 19:03:13 +0000
> From: "steven.carrion" <steven.carrion at knights.ucf.edu>
> Subject: Re: [Coral-List] 'Internships'
> To: "s1681966 at sms.ed.ac.uk" <s1681966 at sms.ed.ac.uk>
> Cc: Coral -List <coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
> Message-ID:
> <SN1PR07MB24475797A16418FB7A9AEBB5C1270 at SN1PR07MB2447.namprd07.prod.outlook.com>
>
> Content-Type: text/plain; charset="Windows-1252"
>
> Hello Coral-list,
>
> I have long wanted to provide some input on this, especially since I don't think many students comment on these listservs. As a graduate student who is working to become a fully fledged scientist one day in academia it has been disheartening to see many organizations seemingly working to exploit the labor of starry-eyed students. If I were to estimate, I would say 75% of the opportunities I see advertised require a student to pay several thousands to participate in a rather short 'internship' of usually two to four weeks [and I don't think the benefits out-weight these costs].
>
> As an undergraduate student I led a research society at my university and I remember hearing from many students wanting to become involved in research say things like "I cannot afford to have an unpaid internship" or "I don't have money, I can't do that stuff". Research and scientific progress should be guided by merit, not if your parents have enough money to fund such pricey 'internships'- and especially not to compensate for a student's lack of merit. What does it mean for science when only students from well-off families can afford to participate in these internships?
>
> It is understandable that some institutions cannot afford to financially assist students so by providing unpaid internships it can open up opportunities that would otherwise not be available. This isn't necessarily bad. These can be potentially funded through grants or scholarship money. However, its unfair to an exploitative point to expect students to not only pay for travel and living costs, but also an absurdly high fee to even partake in the opportunity. Some internships with organizations I have seen require a student to work full-time, no benefits, and no pay. I have also seen an organization which actually charges students several thousands of USD so that students are able to complete their dissertation projects with them. The pay for play 'internship' opportunities are just plain sad and absurd.
>
> Best Regards,
> Steven Carrion
>
>
> ________________________________
> From: coral-list-bounces at coral.aoml.noaa.gov <coral-list-bounces at coral.aoml..noaa.gov> on behalf of Lescinsky, Halard <hlescinsky at otterbein.edu>
> Sent: Wednesday, March 15, 2017 10:36 AM
> To: Damien Beri
> Cc: Coral -List
> Subject: Re: [Coral-List] Summer Coral Reef Internship in Roatan
>
> As a Professor at a primarily undergraduate institution where we are
> continuously helping students find summer internships, I'd like to respond
> to Damien's email. In the US the general definition of an internship is
> that it should be free to the student or perhaps paid. From a student
> point of view, paid internships are of course better, but they are much
> rarer and more difficult to get. Free (volunteer) internships are pretty
> typical, and those internships often don't include travel or housing
> stipends, making them a significant out of pocket expense. But even if
> they are totally free to the student they still exert an economic filter
> since most of my students need to make money over the summer to help
> contribute to their fall tuition. They simply can't afford to spend a
> summer without racking up cash. The reality (at least in the US) is that
> the educational system is far from economically fair and students have to
> constantly weigh how much to spend now (on tuition, doing "unpaid
> internships", accruing student loans) in order to invest in their futures.
> The playing field is no where near even.
> I don't begrudge any institution from offering any opportunity to
> students who are looking for experience, but I do agree with Damien, that
> if students are paying what is essentially a tuition fee (including
> classroom fees!), calling it an internship is problematic- since it
> violates the general definition of the term. On the other hand, it may not
> be an organized course in the traditional sense either, and I have little
> doubt that part of the driving force is that students prefer the term
> "internship" on their resume because it seems to imply a higher level of
> selection and seriousness.
> My guess is that the Roatan opportunity is much like what many
> non-profits do. They offer "volunteer" positions for which participants
> pay more than their costs, and the participants feel good about helping,
> and the NGOs explicitly view it as a fund raising activity. These are
> win-win opportunities for the participants and programs so I see no problem
> with them, but they are certainly not internships in the traditional sense.
>
> Hal Lescinsky
> Otterbein University
>
> On Tue, Mar 14, 2017 at 10:41 PM, Damien Beri <beridl at g.cofc.edu> wrote:
>
>> Dear Coral List,
>>
>> I opt to negotiate the terms in which we decide something is eligible to
>> be called an internship on this list. An internship should not cost anyone
>> money. 3000$ for eligibility for an internship is elitist. It doesn?t
>> matter if its for room & board, travel, or what not. The internship should
>> be offered to students of the prospective area of study, if room & board +
>> travel are included in the internship offerers budget. While I understand
>> coral reef research requires various types of external forms of funding to
>> function, due to lack of said funding. It is simply wrong to offer such
>> opportunities to those with the merits afforded by monitory exchanges, and
>> the situation in which you were raised that offered you the ability to
>> receive such scholarly merits or funding to attend such an internship. I
>> am sure many will agree with this point, and I am sure even more will
>> disagree. I however feel that this email chain should be open to this
>> discussion.
>>
>> Thank you,
>> Warm regards,
>> D
>>
>>
>> On Mar 13, 2017, at 4:57 PM, RIMS Internship <internship at roatanims.org>
>> wrote:
>>
>>> There are just a few weeks left until the March 31st application
>> deadline.
>>> Please share this information with students and other educators who may
>> be
>>> interested!
>>>
>>>
>>> *CORAL REEF RESEARCH INTERNSHIP IN ROATAN (July 22 ?August 19, 2017)*
>>>
>>>
>>> *PROGRAM LOCATION: *The Roatan Institute for Marine Sciences (RIMS),
>>> Roatan, Bay Islands, Honduras.
>>>
>>>
>>> The Roatan Institute for Marine Sciences (RIMS) is excited to offer a
>>> 4-week long Coral Reef Research Internship this summer. If you are
>>> interested in coral reef ecology and conservation, this internship will
>>> provide a unique opportunity to live on a small Caribbean island and gain
>>> valuable field research experience on one of the most biologically
>> diverse
>>> and well-developed reefs in the Caribbean.
>>>
>>> RIMS was founded in 1989 with the primary objective of protecting
>> Roatan?s
>>> natural resources through education and research. In almost three
>> decades
>>> our facility has established itself as a dedicated teaching institution
>> and
>>> we are visited throughout the year by colleges and universities from
>> abroad
>>> to study tropical marine ecosystems. Our facility is ideally located on
>>> the northwest coast of Roatan with easy access to miles of fringing and
>>> barrier reef, seagrass beds, and mangrove communities.
>>>
>>>
>>> *INTERNSHIP DATES:* The 4-week internship will run from July 22 through
>>> August 19, 2017.
>>>
>>>
>>> *ELIGIBILITY: *The program will be limited to 12 interns and is open to
>>> upper level undergraduate students or recent graduates with a genuine
>>> interest in coral reef ecosystems. Students must be 18 years old at the
>>> start of the internship and SCUBA certified. We do not offer course
>> credit
>>> for the program, but due to the intensive structure of the course, we
>>> encourage successful applicants to arrange for independent studies or
>>> undergraduate research credit through their home institution.
>>>
>>>
>>> *INTERNSHIP DESCRIPTION:* During the 4 weeks spent on Roatan, students
>>> will interact with staff experts and visiting faculty as they investigate
>>> and explore a variety of coral reef environments. Through lectures, site
>>> visits and practical field exercises, students will learn the flora and
>>> fauna of the region and understand the roles of different ecological
>>> processes on a coral reef.
>>>
>>>
>>> Through collaborative research activities, mentorship and independent
>>> research projects, students will receive direct exposure to reef
>> monitoring
>>> methods, as they develop, implement and communicate their own research.
>> In
>>> addition to the academic and research opportunities our program provides,
>>> interns will also gain important cultural and social development. This
>>> internship is a chance of a lifetime and the transformative experiences
>>> students will be exposed to can contribute to personal growth and career
>>> advancement.
>>>
>>> Under the direction of professional mentors and marine biologists and
>> RIMS
>>> staff, students will engage in a wide variety of activities and gain
>>> experience in the:
>>>
>>> - Field experience in the Identification of Caribbean coral, fish,
>>> invertebrates and algal species
>>> - Application of field research methods to assess coral cover,
>>> abundance, and reef health
>>> - Development and implementation of an independent research project.
>>> - Participation in reef restoration projects and maintenance and
>>> monitoring of our coral nurseries.
>>> - Management of invasive lionfish populations through collaboration
>> with
>>> the Roatan Marine Park.
>>> - Participation in field trips on and around Roatan.
>>> - Interaction with local conservation professionals.
>>>
>>> *COURSE FEE:* The fee for the course is *$2975.00 USD*. The fee
>> includes
>>> full room & board, diving, tanks and weights, lab and classroom fees,
>>> airport transfers, off site field excursions and all applicable taxes.
>>>
>>> *APPLICATION DEADLINE*: Applications are due by March 31st, 2017.
>>> Applications will not be accepted if all the required forms have not been
>>> received.
>>>
>>> For more information about the Coral Reef Research Internship at RIMS and
>>> to access the *Application Form* please visit our webpage at:
>>> www.roatanims.org<http://www.roatanims.org>
> Roat?n Institute for Marine Sciences | Roatan | Honduras<http://www.roatanims.org/>
> www.roatanims.org
> A Caribbean Marine Laboratory dedicated to the preservation of Roatan's natural resources through education and research.
>
>
>
>>>
>>> *CONTACT INFORMATION:* For more information or questions about the
>>> internship please contact:
>>> Jennifer Keck
>>> Education & Research Coordinator
>>> Roatan Institute for Marine Sciences
>>> internship at roatanims.org
>>> 011-504 9556-0212 <+504%209556-0212>
>>> www.roatanims.org<http://www.roatanims.org>
> Roat?n Institute for Marine Sciences | Roatan | Honduras<http://www.roatanims.org/>
> www.roatanims.org
> A Caribbean Marine Laboratory dedicated to the preservation of Roatan's natural resources through education and research.
>
>
>
>>> _______________________________________________
>>> Coral-List mailing list
>>> Coral-List at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
>>> http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/mailman/listinfo/coral-list
> Coral-List Info Page<http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/mailman/listinfo/coral-list>
> coral.aoml.noaa.gov
> Coral-List is funded by NOAA's Coral Reef Conservation Program and NOAA's Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, and therefore adopts and is guided by ...
>
>
>
>>
>> _______________________________________________
>> Coral-List mailing list
>> Coral-List at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
>> http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/mailman/listinfo/coral-list
> Coral-List Info Page<http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/mailman/listinfo/coral-list>
> coral.aoml.noaa.gov
> Coral-List is funded by NOAA's Coral Reef Conservation Program and NOAA's Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, and therefore adopts and is guided by ...
>
>
>
>>
> _______________________________________________
> Coral-List mailing list
> Coral-List at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
> http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/mailman/listinfo/coral-list
> Coral-List Info Page<http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/mailman/listinfo/coral-list>
> coral.aoml.noaa.gov
> Coral-List is funded by NOAA's Coral Reef Conservation Program and NOAA's Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, and therefore adopts and is guided by ...
>
>
>
>
> ------------------------------
>
> Message: 4
> Date: Wed, 15 Mar 2017 09:10:56 -1100
> From: Douglas Fenner <douglasfennertassi at gmail.com>
> Subject: [Coral-List] article on 2016 Great Barrier Reef bleaching
> To: coral list <coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
> Message-ID:
> <CAOEmEkEj1HCWRnXztgdLWA9xag63cgfTMv58Z-iuzsOLW4Jkog at mail.gmail.com>
> Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
>
> Popular article:
> Ecology: Coral crisis captured
>
> Ocean warming has triggered three major bleaching episodes on the Great
> Barrier Reef over the past two decades. On page 373
> <http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v543/n7645/full/nature21707.html>,
> Hughes *et al*. present an analysis of the extent and severity of these
> events (T. P. Hughes *et al*. *Nature* *543*, 373?377; 2017
> <http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature21707>).
>
> http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v543/n7645/full/543323a.html?WT.ec_id=NATURE-20170316&spMailingID=53632654&spUserID=MjA1NTA3MjA0OQS2&spJobID=1122609480&spReportId=MTEyMjYwOTQ4MAS2
>
> Not open access.
>
> Global warming and recurrent mass bleaching of corals
> <http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=60&ms=NTM2MzI2NTQS1&r=MjA1NTA3MjA0OQS2&b=0&j=MTEyMjYwOTQ4MAS2&mt=1&rt=0>
>
> Aerial and underwater survey data combined with satellite-derived
> measurements of sea surface temperature over the past two decades show that
> multiple mass-bleaching events have expanded to encompass virtually all of
> the Great Barrier Reef.
>
> During 2015?2016, record temperatures triggered a pan-tropical episode of
> coral bleaching, the third global-scale event since mass bleaching was
> first documented in the 1980s. Here we examine how and why the severity of
> recurrent major bleaching events has varied at multiple scales, using
> aerial and underwater surveys of Australian reefs combined with
> satellite-derived sea surface temperatures. The distinctive geographic
> footprints of recurrent bleaching on the Great Barrier Reef in 1998, 2002
> and 2016 were determined by the spatial pattern of sea temperatures in each
> year. Water quality and fishing pressure had minimal effect on the
> unprecedented bleaching in 2016, suggesting that local protection of reefs
> affords little or no resistance to extreme heat. Similarly, past exposure
> to bleaching in 1998 and 2002 did not lessen the severity of bleaching in
> 2016. Consequently, immediate global action to curb future warming is
> essential to secure a future for coral reefs.
>
> http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v543/n7645/full/nature21707.html?WT.ec_id=NATURE-20170316&spMailingID=53632654&spUserID=MjA1NTA3MjA0OQS2&spJobID=1122609480&spReportId=MTEyMjYwOTQ4MAS2
>
> Not open-access. Note: "corresponding author"
>
> Cheers, Doug
>
> --
> Douglas Fenner
> Contractor for NOAA NMFS, and consultant
> "have regulator, will travel"
> PO Box 7390
> Pago Pago, American Samoa 96799 USA
>
> phone 1 684 622-7084
>
> Join the International Society for Reef Studies. Membership includes a
> subscription to the journal Coral Reefs, and there are discounts for pdf
> subscriptions and developing countries. Coral Reefs is the only journal
> that is ALL coral reef articles, and it has amazingly LOW prices compared
> to other journals. Check it out! www.fit.edu/isrs/
>
> "Belief in climate change is optional, participation is not."- Jim Beever.
> "Everyone is entitled to their own opinion, but not to their own facts."-
> Daniel Patrick Moynihan.
>
> US Republican idea for tax on carbon makes climate sense
> http://www.nature.com/news/us-republican-idea-for-tax-on-carbon-makes-climate-sense-1.21477?WT.ec_id=NATURE-20170216&spMailingID=53430881&spUserID=MjA1NTA3MjA0OQS2&spJobID=1102623693&spReportId=MTEwMjYyMzY5MwS2
>
> Last year was- again- the hottest year on record.
> http://www.sciencemag.org/news/sifter/last-year-was-again-hottest-record
>
> 99 Reasons 2016 was a good year.
> https://medium.com/future-crunch/99-reasons-why-2016-has-been-a-great-year-for-humanity-8420debc2823#.9iznf7pfk
> Check items 42-59.
>
>
> ------------------------------
>
> Message: 5
> Date: Wed, 15 Mar 2017 19:36:06 -1100
> From: Douglas Fenner <douglasfennertassi at gmail.com>
> Subject: [Coral-List] more stories on coral bleaching
> To: coral list <coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
> Message-ID:
> <CAOEmEkFBeobbzvTREL-L-4=Ti+_5g-PYGOyNyA-bkPxx-sxXMQ at mail.gmail.com>
> Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
>
> Study: Stopping global warming only way to save coral reefs.
>
> https://www.yahoo.com/news/study-stopping-global-warming-only-way-save-coral-180833431.html
>
> Protecting coral reefs locally makes little difference against global
> warming.
>
> https://www.yahoo.com/news/protecting-coral-reefs-locally-makes-180003077.html
>
> To keep the Great Barrier Reef alive, the oceans must be cooler.
>
> http://www.theverge.com/2017/3/15/14925636/great-barrier-reef-mass-bleaching-climate-change-global-warming?yptr=yahoo
>
> Cheers, Doug
>
>
>
> --
> Douglas Fenner
> Contractor for NOAA NMFS, and consultant
> "have regulator, will travel"
> PO Box 7390
> Pago Pago, American Samoa 96799 USA
>
> phone 1 684 622-7084
>
> Join the International Society for Reef Studies. Membership includes a
> subscription to the journal Coral Reefs, and there are discounts for pdf
> subscriptions and developing countries. Coral Reefs is the only journal
> that is ALL coral reef articles, and it has amazingly LOW prices compared
> to other journals. Check it out! www.fit.edu/isrs/
>
> "Belief in climate change is optional, participation is not."- Jim Beever.
> "Everyone is entitled to their own opinion, but not to their own facts."-
> Daniel Patrick Moynihan.
>
> US Republican idea for tax on carbon makes climate sense
> http://www.nature.com/news/us-republican-idea-for-tax-on-carbon-makes-climate-sense-1.21477?WT.ec_id=NATURE-20170216&spMailingID=53430881&spUserID=MjA1NTA3MjA0OQS2&spJobID=1102623693&spReportId=MTEwMjYyMzY5MwS2
>
> Last year was- again- the hottest year on record.
> http://www.sciencemag.org/news/sifter/last-year-was-again-hottest-record
>
> 99 Reasons 2016 was a good year.
> https://medium.com/future-crunch/99-reasons-why-2016-has-been-a-great-year-for-humanity-8420debc2823#.9iznf7pfk
> Check items 42-59.
>
>
> ------------------------------
>
> _______________________________________________
> Coral-List mailing list
> Coral-List at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
> http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/mailman/listinfo/coral-list
>
> End of Coral-List Digest, Vol 103, Issue 22
> *******************************************
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