tyre reef wrong ?

Fri Jul 3 15:16:45 EDT 1998

                           Subject:                         Time:   10:05 AM
                           RE>tyre reef wrong ?             Date:   7/3/98

I don't have scientific papers to share with you.  What I have is a real world experience and a location where I could take you where the beach still has tires embedded within the rocks and a reef that still has tires embedded in the framework almost 20 years after a very small hurricane destroyed a tire-based artificial reef.  The artificial reef was over 1 km from shore.

Any artificial reef should use component parts that are large enough to not be moved by the highest wind-forced waves that might be encountered in the area.  This means that you must assume that:
1) reefs constructed of small parts WILL come apart
2) the size of component parts, not the size of a final structure, is the determining factor
3) tires are too small and light in water to have sufficient stability.

All of this assumes that you actually want an artificial reef in the first place.  Most research supports the hypothesis that reefs do not increase biomass or productivity.  Instead, they simply serve as fish attractors that make it easier to remove the fish from the reef ecosystem.  A graduate student of John McManus has recently done some fine work supporting this in the Phillipines.

Cheers,
Mark

--------------------------------------
Date: 7/3/98 7:07 AM
To: Mark Eakin
From: Coremap BAPPEDA Tk.I Riau
Dear Mr. Michael and Mr. King
I try to clear this issue
I, m realy sorry if this make you mad
The coral lister where  answered me (about 80 % or up) said, Tyre is not
good to be Artificial reef.
But they not reply me the reason with scientific. Just Mr Collin done.
Am I wrong?......

Mr. King, in this case Riau Coremap Tim just helping some Diving club in
Riau University to got  a reason from "coral divender of the earth" about
Tyre reef, before they done the wrong one. If they know that are wrong, so
thay will not to do (I hope....)
They just want to helping the "poor Fisherman" at Riau Archipilago where
they didn't have alternative job. The tyre can give them a site for fishing.
Fishing are they cultural job. No fish, no rice and then they son no school.

We save coral reef that for save a fishes stoking of the area. Isn't it?
So why we do all of this if we shall have been catcing a fish?
(That they respon for any C-lister whom not agree the Tyre reef for
agregating fish).

I tell you some (bad ide?): one day at juni 1998 my frend told me that he
was listening  from a radio,  reporting about; our goverment give a
permition and agree to use Tyre for articial reef it mean to saving beach
and to "grow up" a poor fisherman at 24 province in
Indonesia............bla...bla...bla....
What we act now?????

Ok .....I shall cancel it if you send me the article or published  where
can't destroy the collin scientific Tyre.

Cheers
Fadil Nandila
Coremap-Bappeda TK I Riau
Jl. Cut Nyak Dhien, Pekanbaru - Riau
Indonesia
crmpriau at pbaru.wasantara.net.id

-----Original Message-----
From: Peter N. King <peking at mail.AsianDevBank.org>
To: COREMAP Bappeda Riau Fadil Nandila <crmpriau at pbaru.wasantara.net.id>;
Michael Risk <riskmj at mcmail.CIS.McMaster.CA>
Cc: Evan Edinger <edinger at mcmail.CIS.McMaster.CA>; Ken Collins
<Kenneth.J.Collins at soc.soton.ac.uk>; Ghislaine Llewellyn
<mcmast at idola.net.id>
Date: 02 Juli 1998 5:29
Subject: Re: Artificial reefs

>Mike and the Riau COREMAP Team
>
>I completely agree with Mike on this issue.  There are many other
interesting
>and useful ways to recycle tires rather than dumping them in the sea.  If
you
>need some information on recycling tires let me know.  On artificial reefs,
I
>believe the best use is close to where an existing reef has been damaged by
>blast fishing, coral mining or some other degradation.  If the reef has
died due
>to sedimentation or excessive nutrient loading, then there is little point
>trying to replace the original reef with an artificial one, unless the
original
>cause of the reef loss is solved.  Peter King
>
>Dear Riau COREMAP:
>
>I was very surprised to read your response to Dr. Collins, of the UK, re
>the use of tires for artificial reefs. It seems that you received many
>responses from the Coral-list that were negative about this, but you got
>the one response you needed, one that would allow you to make the reefs
>from tires.
>
>It may very well be that tires make useful fish-aggregation devices in
>temperate waters, for at least a short period of time. I should be very
>clear, however: there is no scientific doubt that tires are one of the
>worst possible materials for use in tropical environments. There are
>several reasons for this:
> 1. tires bleed toxic substances (metals,plasticisers)
> 2. corals will not settle on them, hence your artificial reef will never
>become a "real" reef
> 3. over time, tires "exfoliate" (especially true of steel-belted tires)
>
>There are a number of good references to appropriate materials to use for
>artificial reefs. Some of my own include Atoll Res. Bulletin #255
>(1981-almost 20 years ago!), and a followup in 1988, Mar. Poll. Bull. 19:
>219-222. I would be glad to send you reprints, if you wish. In short, by
>properly arranging the concrete and coral rock of a reef, you can control
>the size of the fish and lobsters attracted to that reef. In a relatively
>short period of time, corals and other invertebrates settle on the reefs,
>converting them to "real" reefs. (In many cases, the lower parts of the
>water column are so sediment-laden that corals cannot settle-but give them
>a concrete block, elevated 30 cm, and settlement occurs. For more on this,
>see Cortes and Risk, 1985.)
>
>Our project in Semarang just finished, and published, an experiment
>ranking several materials that have been used in SE Asia for artificial
>reefs. Only sheet metal was worse than tires! The best, of course, were
>concrete structures.
>
>I recognise that you are under pressure to solve a terrestrial waste
>problem by dumping tires in the sea. I think this is a bad solution, and
>that is what I, as Team Leader, wrote in the COREMAP Final Report, which
>is supposed to guide your actions. This is a bad solution, not only for
>the reasons given above (which should be sufficient), but also because you
>give up further opportunities. In the COREMAP Report, I consulted with Dr.
>Peter Sale, and I pointed out that concrete artificial reefs can be
>constructed in such a way (textures, shapes) as to attract the larvae of
>ornamental and economically-important fish species.
>
>Cukup. The evidence is quite clear. If you want, I will send you all the
>materials to which I refer above. Or you could read the COREMAP report.
>
>Dr. Michael Risk
>Professor of Biology and Geology
>McMaster Univ.
>
>

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From: "Coremap BAPPEDA Tk.I Riau" <crmpriau at pbaru.wasantara.net.id>
To: "Peter N. King" <peking at mail.AsianDevBank.org>,
        "Michael Risk" <riskmj at mcmail.CIS.McMaster.CA>
Cc: "Coral Health Monitoring Program" <coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: tyre reef wrong ?
Date: Fri, 3 Jul 1998 17:09:27 +0700
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