[Coral-List] Snorkel surveys
David Fairclough
D.Fairclough at murdoch.edu.au
Fri Feb 20 18:14:36 EST 2009
Hi David
I've conducted snorkel surveys (in combination with scuba UVC) of fishes in shallow water (< about 3m mostly). Are you surveying coral or fish? Surveying fish is not a great deal different to typical UVC, however it would be affected by depth, the complexity of habitat and behaviour of fishes as to which species are appropriate for surveying. It's really only good for relatively shallow water with reasonably good vis and assuming the fish can be identified from the different angles that you would see them from. I've published a paper using the method for particular species of fishes, if it's any use to you (please contact me). If you're surveying corals, sorry, can't help you there!
Regards
David Fairclough
d.fairclough at murdoch.edu.au
________________________________
From: coral-list-bounces at coral.aoml.noaa.gov on behalf of coral-list-request at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Sent: Sat 21/02/2009 1:05 AM
To: coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Coral-List Digest, Vol 6, Issue 22
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Today's Topics:
1. Re: Black cyanobacterisponge, Terpios hishinota, outbreak in,
coral reefs and geographic information needed (Allen Chen)
(Allen Chen)
2. Re: bleaching and acidification (William Allison)
3. Re: Black cyanobacterisponge, Terpios hishinota, outbreak in,
coral reefs and geographic information needed (Allen Chen)
(William Allison)
4. Responding from a Digest (Jim Hendee)
5. Re: bleaching and acidification (Delbeek, Charles)
6. Snorkel surveys (David Hunter)
7. Do corals need fish to remain healthy? (Eugene Shinn)
8. Re: bleaching and acidification (William Allison)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Message: 1
Date: Thu, 19 Feb 2009 22:01:08 +0800
From: Allen Chen <cac at gate.sinica.edu.tw>
Subject: Re: [Coral-List] Black cyanobacterisponge, Terpios hishinota,
outbreak in, coral reefs and geographic information needed (Allen
Chen)
To: thomas at seamarc.com
Cc: coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Message-ID: <F743184C-77BF-4AE1-867E-DAA65D93A0F1 at gate.sinica.edu.tw>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=BIG5; delsp=yes; format=flowed
Dear Thomas,
Thank you so much for your information. It is very important
information. deeply appreciated. I will soon post the final findings
from all you in the Coral-List very soon.
Cheers, Allen
? 2009/2/19 ?? 4:06 ??Thomas Le Berre ???
> Dear Allen,
>
> We also have lots of Terpios in the Maldives, and I find it quite
> alarming. I have seen it in 2005 in some places, but a lot in Baa
> Atoll
> in June. They tend to be more abundant in reefs with a better coral
> cover, and usually more developed on the parts of the reef where the
> current is going along the reef. Typically, the main forcings
> (currents
> and winds) are in the east-west direction here, and they will
> colonized
> more the northern and southern sides of the reef. This could be linked
> to the way they propagate or alternatively they may also require
> calmer
> conditions to spread. They look strong and will spread on many
> different
> species of corals, covering almost entirely large patches.
> This could also be related, we have other types of invasions by
> zoanthids (Z. mantoni), which does not seem to actually kill the
> corals,
> but probably hinders coral recruitment, and corallimorphs (Discosoma
> sp.), which kills some species of corals.These would probably have
> colonized dead areas after the 1998 bleaching, whereas the Terpios
> seems
> more abundant on the reefs that are recovering the best (again, in Baa
> atoll). It seems important to have a better look into this.
>
> Cheers,
>
> Thomas Le Berre
> Managing Director
> Seamarc Pvt Ltd
> M. Maya, Gandhakoali Magu
> Male', Rep of Maldives
> www.reefscapers.com
>
> _______________________________________________
> Coral-List mailing list
> Coral-List at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
> http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/mailman/listinfo/coral-list
------------------------------
Message: 2
Date: Thu, 19 Feb 2009 08:57:58 -0500
From: William Allison <allison.billiam at gmail.com>
Subject: Re: [Coral-List] bleaching and acidification
To: Paul Muir <paul.muir at qm.qld.gov.au>
Cc: coral-list coral-list <coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Message-ID:
<1eab821b0902190557wce75246p69d4dc8c7ebef430 at mail.gmail.com>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1
Hello Paul,
Of the many reefs I have examined (and surveyed with direct measurements,
video and stills) the length and breadth of Maldives before and after 1998 I
can think of only a few locations featuring large tabulate Acropora colonies
as of 2005. Barring the rare colony that survived in otherwise devastated
reefs, these were generally on reefs that I know enjoyed low mortality in
1998. I did sample a few reefs with numerous large colonies (some of which
acquired local fame because of this) where I could not be sure whether I was
looking at survivors or new growth. In any case these are not representative
of the whole system. In most locations mortality was high, the rate of
successful settlement was low, and growth was not spectacular. There were
exceptions at the level of reefs and even large portions of a few atolls
where either survival was high, or recruitment and growth were accelerated,
or both. Whatever the reasons, these exceptions are intriguing and
potentially informative.
On Mon, Feb 16, 2009 at 7:05 PM, Paul Muir <paul.muir at qm.qld.gov.au> wrote:
>
> Are there maps of aragonite saturation/ carbonate equilibrium for ocean
> areas? On a trip to the Indian Ocean in 2005 we were quite struck by
> differences in apparent growth rates of Acroporas after the '98
> bleaching event at different locations. In the Maldives growth after
> mass mortality was apparently rapid (ie new colonies 2- 3m diameter)
> while at a similar latitude in the Seychelles the maximum colony size
> of Acroporas was approx 25 cm. We did wonder if these apparent
> differences in growth rates were partly due to differences in aragonite
> saturation since both locations appeared quite similar in terms of being
> oceanic reefs with minimal human impact.
>
>
> Dr. Paul Muir
> Museum of Tropical Queensland,
> 78-104 Flinders St,
> Townsville QLD 4810 Australia.
> ph. 07 47 260 642 fax. 07 47 212 093 mob. 0407 117 998
>
> * if no reply or problems sending try paularwen at gmail.com
>
>
>
> -----Original Message-----
> From: coral-list-bounces at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
> [mailto:coral-list-bounces at coral.aoml.noaa.gov] On Behalf Of Thomas
> Goreau
> Sent: Tuesday, 17 February 2009 3:11 AM
> To: Chris Langdon
> Cc: coral-list coral-list
> Subject: [Coral-List] bleaching and acidification
>
> Dear Chris,
>
> I fully agree with what you say below based on lab studies. The Elat
> field data of Silverman et al. clearly showing less net calcium
> carbonate accumulation when waters have higher pCO2 makes this even
> clearer.
>
> However this small reduction must be contrasted with the fact that
> bleached corals completely stop growing (Goreau & Macfarlane) or
> reproducing (Szmant-Froelich) for at least one year, and it takes a
> couple years to fully recover even if they survive and high temperatures
> don't ever come back.......
>
> Best wishes,
> Tom
>
> Thomas J. Goreau, PhD
> President, Global Coral Reef Alliance
> Coordinator, United Nations Commission on Sustainable Development
> Partnership in New Technologies for Small Island Developing States
> 37 Pleasant Street, Cambridge MA 02139
> 617-864-4226
> goreau at bestweb.net
> http://www.globalcoral.org <http://www.globalcoral.org/>
>
> Date: Sun, 15 Feb 2009 17:49:56 -0500 (EST)
> From: "Chris Langdon" <clangdon at rsmas.miami.edu>
> Subject: [Coral-List] Bleaching vs acidification
> To: coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
> Message-ID:
> <2975.129.171.118.2.1234738196.squirrel at webmail.rsmas.miami.edu>
> Content-Type: text/plain;charset=iso-8859-1
>
> It is very clear that bleaching events have resulted in significant loss
> of live coral cover around the globe. We know that within the
> environmentally probable range of pH that coral mortality does not
> result.
> However, acidification may play an important role in the amount of
> recovery that is possible between bleaching events which have been
> occurring with a frequency of 3-7 years since 1982. The average
> saturation state of the tropical ocean has dropped from a pre-industrial
> value of
> 4.6
> to a present day value of 3.9-4.0. This is sufficient to have caused on
> average a 17% decrease in calcification for the twelve or so species
> that have been studied in the lab. In a world where the balance between
> production and loss of carbonate on many reefs is thought to be close
> and where the replacement rate of new coral colonies on many reefs is
> not keeping up with the rate of mortality a 17% reduction in fitness may
> be significant. While acidification does not kill corals it does result
> in slower development of coral larvae into juvenile colonies (Albright
> et al.
> 2008) and slower development of juvenile colonies to sexual maturity.
> While bleaching is a very important threat I don't we know enough at
> this time to ignore the possibility that acidification has already
> played a role in the lack of recovery that we are seeing on many reefs.
>
>
>
>
>
>
> Chris Langdon
> Assoc. Professor
> RSMAS/MBF
> Uni. of Miami
> 4600 Rickenbacker Cswy
> Miami,FL 33149
> Ph: 305-421-4614
> Fax: 305-421-4239
> _______________________________________________
> Coral-List mailing list
> Coral-List at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
> http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/mailman/listinfo/coral-list
> _______________________________________________
> Coral-List mailing list
> Coral-List at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
> http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/mailman/listinfo/coral-list
>
------------------------------
Message: 3
Date: Thu, 19 Feb 2009 09:37:09 -0500
From: William Allison <allison.billiam at gmail.com>
Subject: Re: [Coral-List] Black cyanobacterisponge, Terpios hishinota,
outbreak in, coral reefs and geographic information needed (Allen
Chen)
To: thomas at seamarc.com
Cc: coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Message-ID:
<1eab821b0902190637w1400176auf34bdfb9730774c7 at mail.gmail.com>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1
Re. Terpios and Corallimorphs in Maldives.
I have noticed a few patches of what I think may be Terpios in Baa Atoll. My
impression was that it was growing on dead corals and rubble and especially
in disturbed areas. It is relatively rare throughout Maldives and shows up
on few of my surveys.
Quantitative surveys indicate no increase in Palythoa cover and decrease in
corallimorpharian cover despite the low mortality of both in 1998, and the
subsequent liberation of physical space because of coral mortality.
Stimulated by chicken little alarms about "killer anemones" (i.e.,
corallimorpharian) based on point in time observations of localized patches
in the early 1990's I have monitored them carefully in many locations in
Maldives. Although they did dominate some (often physically degraded) reefs
prior to 1998 they did not seem to be spreading. They did not suffer
appreciable direct mortality in 1998, and contrary to my expectations,
mortality increased post-1998 and a number of patches disappeared. Increased
predation was observed and probably contributed to the observed changes.
Bill
On Thu, Feb 19, 2009 at 3:06 AM, Thomas Le Berre <thomas at seamarc.com> wrote:
> Dear Allen,
>
> We also have lots of Terpios in the Maldives, and I find it quite
> alarming. I have seen it in 2005 in some places, but a lot in Baa Atoll
> in June. They tend to be more abundant in reefs with a better coral
> cover, and usually more developed on the parts of the reef where the
> current is going along the reef. Typically, the main forcings (currents
> and winds) are in the east-west direction here, and they will colonized
> more the northern and southern sides of the reef. This could be linked
> to the way they propagate or alternatively they may also require calmer
> conditions to spread. They look strong and will spread on many different
> species of corals, covering almost entirely large patches.
> This could also be related, we have other types of invasions by
> zoanthids (Z. mantoni), which does not seem to actually kill the corals,
> but probably hinders coral recruitment, and corallimorphs (Discosoma
> sp.), which kills some species of corals.These would probably have
> colonized dead areas after the 1998 bleaching, whereas the Terpios seems
> more abundant on the reefs that are recovering the best (again, in Baa
> atoll). It seems important to have a better look into this.
>
> Cheers,
>
> Thomas Le Berre
> Managing Director
> Seamarc Pvt Ltd
> M. Maya, Gandhakoali Magu
> Male', Rep of Maldives
> www.reefscapers.com
>
> _______________________________________________
> Coral-List mailing list
> Coral-List at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
> http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/mailman/listinfo/coral-list
>
------------------------------
Message: 4
Date: Fri, 20 Feb 2009 06:15:47 -0500
From: Jim Hendee <Jim.Hendee at noaa.gov>
Subject: [Coral-List] Responding from a Digest
To: coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Message-ID: <499E90E3.8040304 at noaa.gov>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1
Hey, Team, if you receive the Digest version of Coral-List, please
remember that when you simply press "R" to respond to a post, that the
Subject line will read like the issue of the Digest (e.g., "Re:
Coral-List Digest, Vol 6, Issue 21"). That doesn't help in two ways:
1) your message doesn't attach to the thread of the original post, so
people can't follow it so easily when viewing the archives (e.g., at
http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/pipermail/coral-list/), and, 2) people may
delete it without reading it because it's not (directly) a subject
they're interested in (or, they read it, then they're upset because they
"had" to glance over your message which they aren't particularly
interested in).
So, to avoid me sending your message back to you asking for a proper
Subject line, please take a moment to see that the proper subject is in
the Subject line.
Thanks.
Jim
------------------------------
Message: 5
Date: Thu, 19 Feb 2009 08:59:08 -0800
From: "Delbeek, Charles" <cdelbeek at calacademy.org>
Subject: Re: [Coral-List] bleaching and acidification
To: <coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Message-ID:
<D6A836974C189D4AAFB7BBC34FA2BF6CE452BE at yoshi.calacademy.org>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
The source of saltwater at the Waikiki Aquarium is an 80ft deep saltwater
well. This water is high in dissolved nitrogen and CO2 so is heavily aerated
in an adjacent aeration chamber before it is used. The pH is around 7.8 on
exit from the aeration well, and is used in all their live coral exhibits and
the corals grow extremely well. Dr. Marlin Atkinson at U of Hawaii has
published a few papers on this system in the 1990s and Dr. Bruce Carlson also
published a paper in the late 90's on the growth rate of the coral in this
water. Perhaps they can chime in with the references which I do not have
handy at the moment.
I have always found it puzzling why more researchers have not investigated
the corals and giant clams that have been grown in this water at this
facility for over 30 years, since it seems to present the possible future
situation of our ocean water.
Cheers!
J. Charles Delbeek, M.Sc.
Senior Aquatic Biologist, Steinhart Aquarium
California Academy of Sciences
55 Music Concourse Dr.
San Francisco CA 94118
phone (415) 379-5303
fax (415) 379-5304
cdelbeek at calacademy.org
www.calacademy.org
-----Original Message-----
From: coral-list-bounces at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
[mailto:coral-list-bounces at coral.aoml.noaa.gov] On Behalf Of Tim Wijgerde
Sent: Wednesday, February 18, 2009 11:00 AM
To: coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Re: [Coral-List] bleaching and acidification
<style type="text/css">
->
</style>
Dear all,
why not put corals in 5 small chambers at pH levels of 7,4;7,6;7,8 and 8.2
and measure calcification. Next, subject the same corals to these values
for 3 months or more and see how they grow. Maybe calcification rates are
more or less equal in all conditions (ample HCO3-) but net accretion
correlates negatively with lower pH levels (decreased arag sat, so more
dissolution). I noticed some gaps about this in the literature. Mix this
with different temperatures in a larger setup and the data would be very
interesting. Maybe combine this with some microsensor measurements to
correlate calicoblastic pH levels with decreased ambient pH (which is
usually around pH 9 during the day at ambient pH 8.2) and we could
distinguish between gross accretion and dissolution. It will probably cost
significantly more ATP (energy) to allow the Ca2+/proton pumps to keep
high calicoblastic fluid pH levels at low ambient pH.
p.s. Dr. Muir, you will
find arag stat maps in this paper for example by Prof. Hoegh-Guldberg;
DOI: 10.1126/science.1152509
Science 318, 1737 (2007);
O.
Hoegh-Guldberg, et al.
best
tim
Op Wo, 18 februari, 2009 18:00, schreef
coral-list-request at coral.aoml.noaa.gov:
> Send Coral-List mailing
list submissions to
> coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
>
> To subscribe or unsubscribe via the World Wide Web, visit
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>
or, via email, send a message with subject or body 'help' to
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>
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>
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>
> When replying,
please edit your Subject line so it is more specific
> than
"Re: Contents of Coral-List digest..."
>
>
> Today's Topics:
>
> 1. Re: bleaching and
acidification (Paul Muir)
> 2. CPCe V3.6 is available (Kevin
Kohler)
> 3. CPCe V3.6 is available (Kevin Kohler)
>
4. Black cyanobacterisponge, Terpios hishinota, outbreak in
>
coral reefs and geographic information needed (Allen Chen)
>
5. post doc position (St?phanie Reynaud (CSM))
>
>
>
----------------------------------------------------------------------
>
> Message: 1
> Date: Tue, 17 Feb 2009 10:05:01
+1000
> From: "Paul Muir"
<paul.muir at qm.qld.gov.au>
> Subject: Re: [Coral-List]
bleaching and acidification
> To: "coral-list
coral-list" <coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
>
Message-ID:
>
<BB9E9CCBC5617F4B9FB988E8553C377D238BC1 at mtqfp02.mtq.qm.qld.gov.au>
> Content-Type: text/plain; charset="US-ASCII"
>
>
> Are there maps of aragonite saturation/ carbonate
equilibrium for ocean
> areas? On a trip to the Indian Ocean in
2005 we were quite struck by
> differences in apparent growth
rates of Acroporas after the '98
> bleaching event at different
locations. In the Maldives growth after
> mass mortality was
apparently rapid (ie new colonies 2- 3m diameter)
> while at a
similar latitude in the Seychelles the maximum colony size
> of
Acroporas was approx 25 cm. We did wonder if these apparent
>
differences in growth rates were partly due to differences in aragonite
> saturation since both locations appeared quite similar in terms of
being
> oceanic reefs with minimal human impact.
>
>
> Dr. Paul Muir
> Museum of Tropical
Queensland,
> 78-104 Flinders St,
> Townsville QLD 4810
Australia.
> ph. 07 47 260 642 fax. 07 47 212 093 mob. 0407 117
998
>
> * if no reply or problems sending try
paularwen at gmail.com
>
>
>
>
-----Original Message-----
> From:
coral-list-bounces at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
>
[mailto:coral-list-bounces at coral.aoml.noaa.gov] On Behalf Of Thomas
> Goreau
> Sent: Tuesday, 17 February 2009 3:11 AM
>
To: Chris Langdon
> Cc: coral-list coral-list
> Subject:
[Coral-List] bleaching and acidification
>
> Dear
Chris,
>
> I fully agree with what you say below based on
lab studies. The Elat
> field data of Silverman et al. clearly
showing less net calcium
> carbonate accumulation when waters have
higher pCO2 makes this even
> clearer.
>
>
However this small reduction must be contrasted with the fact that
> bleached corals completely stop growing (Goreau & Macfarlane)
or
> reproducing (Szmant-Froelich) for at least one year, and it
takes a
> couple years to fully recover even if they survive and
high temperatures
> don't ever come back.......
>
> Best wishes,
> Tom
>
> Thomas J. Goreau,
PhD
> President, Global Coral Reef Alliance
> Coordinator,
United Nations Commission on Sustainable Development
> Partnership
in New Technologies for Small Island Developing States
> 37
Pleasant Street, Cambridge MA 02139
> 617-864-4226
>
goreau at bestweb.net
> http://www.globalcoral.org <http://www.globalcoral.org/>
>
> Date: Sun, 15 Feb 2009 17:49:56 -0500 (EST)
> From:
"Chris Langdon" <clangdon at rsmas.miami.edu>
>
Subject: [Coral-List] Bleaching vs acidification
> To:
coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
> Message-ID:
>
<2975.129.171.118.2.1234738196.squirrel at webmail.rsmas.miami.edu>
> Content-Type: text/plain;charset=iso-8859-1
>
> It
is very clear that bleaching events have resulted in significant loss
> of live coral cover around the globe. We know that within the
> environmentally probable range of pH that coral mortality does
not
> result.
> However, acidification may play an
important role in the amount of
> recovery that is possible
between bleaching events which have been
> occurring with a
frequency of 3-7 years since 1982. The average
> saturation state
of the tropical ocean has dropped from a pre-industrial
> value
of
> 4.6
> to a present day value of 3.9-4.0. This is
sufficient to have caused on
> average a 17% decrease in
calcification for the twelve or so species
> that have been
studied in the lab. In a world where the balance between
>
production and loss of carbonate on many reefs is thought to be close
> and where the replacement rate of new coral colonies on many reefs
is
> not keeping up with the rate of mortality a 17% reduction in
fitness may
> be significant. While acidification does not kill
corals it does result
> in slower development of coral larvae into
juvenile colonies (Albright
> et al.
> 2008) and slower
development of juvenile colonies to sexual maturity.
> While
bleaching is a very important threat I don't we know enough at
>
this time to ignore the possibility that acidification has already
> played a role in the lack of recovery that we are seeing on many
reefs.
>
>
>
>
>
>
> Chris Langdon
> Assoc. Professor
> RSMAS/MBF
> Uni. of Miami
> 4600 Rickenbacker Cswy
> Miami,FL
33149
> Ph: 305-421-4614
> Fax: 305-421-4239
>
_______________________________________________
> Coral-List
mailing list
> Coral-List at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
>
http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/mailman/listinfo/coral-list
>
>
> ------------------------------
>
>
Message: 2
> Date: Tue, 17 Feb 2009 12:15:02 -0500
> From:
Kevin Kohler <kevin at nova.edu>
> Subject: [Coral-List] CPCe
V3.6 is available
> To: coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
>
Message-ID: <5.1.0.14.2.20090217121101.014fcb38 at pop.nova.edu>
> Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
>
>
>
> ------------------------------
>
> Message: 3
> Date: Tue, 17 Feb 2009 13:09:35 -0500
> From: Kevin Kohler <kevin at nova.edu>
> Subject:
[Coral-List] CPCe V3.6 is available
> To:
coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
> Message-ID:
<5.1.0.14.2.20090217130638.01695ba8 at pop.nova.edu>
>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed
>
> Dear Coral Lister,
>
> The National Coral Reef
Institute (NCRI) of Nova Southeastern University
> is
>
pleased to announce the availability of Version 3.6 of CPCe (Coral
Point
> Count with Excel extensions). CPCe is a Windows-based
program that
> provides
> for the determination of coral
cover and diversity using transect
> photographs and the random
point count method. It can also perform image
> calibration and
area analysis.
>
> Improvements in V3.6 include:
>
> Two additional Excel analysis sheets
> Ability
to assemble accumulated lengths in area analysis
> Excel files
have greater Office 2007 compatibility
> File sequencer allows
bulk image renaming
> User option for expanding small images
> Help file is now Vista compatible
> Reference images for
supplied data codes
>
> CPCe is provided by NCRI free of
charge for interested researchers. More
> information is available
at http://www.nova.edu/ocean/cpce/
>
>
>
Kevin
> ----------------------------------------------------
> Kevin E. Kohler <kevin at nova.edu>
> Director of
Computing Services
> National Coral Reef Institute
(www.nova.edu/ncri)
> Nova Southeastern University Oceanographic
Center (www.nova.edu/ocean)
> 8000 North Ocean Drive Dania Beach,
Florida 33004
> Ph: 954.262.3641 Fax: 954.262.4158
>
>
>
> ------------------------------
>
> Message: 4
> Date: Wed, 18 Feb 2009 13:49:30 +0800
> From: Allen Chen <cac at gate.sinica.edu.tw>
> Subject:
[Coral-List] Black cyanobacterisponge, Terpios hishinota,
>
outbreak in coral reefs and geographic information needed
> To:
coral-list coral-list <coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
>
Message-ID:
<14093016-B712-4969-9BED-1A3001931161 at gate.sinica.edu.tw>
>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII; delsp=yes;
format=flowed
>
> Dear Listers,
>
> I am looking for the
new information, particularly in the Pacific
> Islands and other
Indo-Pacific region, about the outbreak of black
>
cyanobacterisponge, Terpios hishinota. This sponge overgrows hard
> corals and any hard substrate when it goes. Outbreak of Teripos
was
> observed in Guam at early 1970s, and in Okinawa at mid
1980s. Until
> now, some of the coral reef areas are still covered
by black turf-
> like sponge for such long time, according to the
status report in 2004.
>
> In Taiwan, we have observed
the outbreak in the islands at the east
> coast since 2006. for
the preliminary information, please refer to
> this paper.
>
> "The Black Disease of Reef-Building Corals at Green
Island, Taiwan -
> Outbreak of a Cyanobacteriosponge, Terpios
hoshinota (Suberitidae;
> Hadromerida). Zoological Studies 46(4):
520 (http:// <http:///>
> zoolstud.sinica.edu.tw/464.htm)"
>
> We are organising an integrative project to study this sponge
species
> and the mechanism in killing corals. We would like to
get more
> information, particularly those islands or reefs that
Terpios
> hishinota have been observed but not been reported by
the
> documentation. One of the research topic is to figure out
the sexual
> and asexual sources and where does the terpios in
Taiwan come from
> and go using population genetic approaches. So,
any information
> related to this cyanobacterisponge will be
grateful appreciated.
>
> Cheers, Allen
> Allen
Chen, PhD
> Associate Research Fellow
> BRC-AS, TAIWAN
>
>
>
> ------------------------------
>
> Message: 5
> Date: Wed, 18 Feb 2009 16:14:34
+0100
> From: "St?phanie Reynaud (CSM)"
<sreynaud at centrescientifique.mc>
> Subject: [Coral-List]
post doc position
> To: coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
>
Message-ID:
>
<A681EEFB-7B8F-4FAB-9F67-397552B2DACB at centrescientifique.mc>
> Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1; format=flowed;
delsp=yes
>
> Dear colleagues,
>
> I
would like to draw your attention to a postdoctoral research
>
fellowship opportunity at the Centre Scientifique de Monaco directed
> by Prof. Denis Allemand (CSM; http://www.centrescientifique.mc <http://www.centrescientifique.mc/> ).
>
> You will join the team of Ecophysiology to study deep
sea corals. The
> candidate will focus his (her) study on growth
rates and nutrition
> under different environmental conditions.
> This study will be made in collaboration with Covadonga Orejas and
the
> team of the CSIC in Barcelona.
>
>
Selection criteria include:
> * A PhD in relevant disciplines,
> * An excellent publication record for stage of career,
> *
the knowledge of coral/deep coral biology or food web interactions and
> * Capacity to bring fresh approaches to this study that will
> complement existing areas of strength in the Scientific Centre.
>
> The position will be available in June 2009. Appointment
will be
> through May-June 2010 in the first instance.
Applications will be
> accepted until end of fMarch 2009.
>
> Enquiries to:
> Dr. C. Pag?s
(ferrier at centrescientifique.mc) or Prof. Denis Allemand
>
(allemand at centrescientifique.mc
> )
>
> To apply,
please forward a CV, email addresses of 3 potential
> referees,
and a 1-2 pages description of a research project.
>
>
>
>
>
>
------------------------------
>
>
_______________________________________________
> Coral-List
mailing list
> Coral-List at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
>
http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/mailman/listinfo/coral-list
>
> End of Coral-List Digest, Vol 6, Issue 20
>
*****************************************
>
Tim
Wijgerde, M.Sc.
CEO Coral Publications
www.coralscience.org
www.koraalwetenschap.nl
(Mozilla Firefox optimized)
info at coralscience.org
phone: +31 617692027
postal
address:
Livingstonelaan 1120
3526JS Utrecht
the
Netherlands
Chamber of Commerce (KvK):
30241562
_______________________________________________
Coral-List mailing list
Coral-List at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/mailman/listinfo/coral-list
------------------------------
Message: 6
Date: Fri, 20 Feb 2009 09:52:52 +0000
From: David Hunter <david_hunter16 at hotmail.com>
Subject: [Coral-List] Snorkel surveys
To: <coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Message-ID: <BLU149-W5250806D220F28AE28577BF9B30 at phx.gbl>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="Windows-1252"
Dear all,
I work in the Union of the Comoros for a small NGO, C-3, which has bases in Mauritius, Madagascar, Palau and the Comoros. We work with local communities to protect the marine environment.
We are currently carrying out socio-economic monitoring on Grande Comore and would like to collaborate this with some baseline biological surveys of the surrounding reefs. Unfortunately we do not have the equipment to carry out dive surveys and are instead going to do snorkel surveys. We?re putting together some survey methods but any advice from those have experience in snorkel surveys or a helpful nudge towards some comprehensive papers would be much appreciated.
Many thanks for your time,
Kind regards,
David Hunter
_________________________________________________________________
Love Hotmail?? Check out the new services from Windows Live!
http://clk.atdmt.com/UKM/go/132630768/direct/01/
------------------------------
Message: 7
Date: Fri, 20 Feb 2009 09:53:51 -0500
From: Eugene Shinn <eshinn at marine.usf.edu>
Subject: [Coral-List] Do corals need fish to remain healthy?
To: coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Message-ID: <a0623090bc5c34a2c6813@[131.247.137.127]>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" ; format="flowed"
Bill Precht, Program Manager at the Florida Keys National Marine
Sanctuary recently made me aware of a new paper titled, "Macroalgae
Has No Effect on the Severity and Dynamics of Caribbean Yellow Band
Disease." Ivana Vu et. al, 2009, published in PloS Feb 09 Vol 4 Issue
2. The paper is the result of an ingenious manipulative field study
in Puerto Rico. As the title implies it shows, that various
Macroalgae have no effect on CYBD in Montastraea faveolata . This
conclusion contradicts the widely repeated mantra that these algae
stimulate coral disease by serving as a reservoirs of pathogens and
that their proliferation on reefs is due to removal of herbivorous
fishes. In other words, remove fish (overfishing) that eat algae and
the algae will grow and cause decline of coral.
When I read the paper I was reminded of a recent conversation with
Harold Hudson of Reef Tech who described to me what he recently saw
in Roatan. "It was the biggest healthiest staghorn coral forest I
have seen in many years", he said. What caught his eye also was that
there were essentially no fish! Not even the ubiquitous Damsel fish
that normally thrive among staghorn branches. It was wonderful to
hear that such healthy staghorn fields still exist but isn't it odd
that it is thriving without the usual tropicals, surgeon, and parrot
fish? Similar observations have been recorded by J. Keck et al.,
"Unexpectedly high cover of Acropora cervicornis on offshore reefs in
Rotan (Honduras)" published in Coral Reefs, DOI
10.1007/s00338-005-0502-6 and also confirmed in a paper by B. Riegl
et al, Offshore refuge and metapopulation resilience explains high
local densisty of an endangered coral (Acropora cervicornis). In
Marine Pollution Bulletin. Many of us can remember the luxurious
corals on the North coast of Jamaica before the early 1980s at a time
when the area had already been fished out. Apparently what ever
started the general Caribbean decline in the late 1970s and early
1980s remains somewhat elusive but widespread. I suggest we need
more straight-forward in-the-field experiments such as the Puerto
Rico study cited at the beginning. May be we should rethink the
commonly cited association between fishing and coral health?? Gene
--
No Rocks, No Water, No Ecosystem (EAS)
------------------------------------ -----------------------------------
E. A. Shinn, Courtesy Professor
University of South Florida
Marine Science Center (room 204)
140 Seventh Avenue South
St. Petersburg, FL 33701
<eshinn at marine.usf.edu>
Tel 727 553-1158----------------------------------
-----------------------------------
------------------------------
Message: 8
Date: Fri, 20 Feb 2009 07:27:14 -0500
From: William Allison <allison.billiam at gmail.com>
Subject: Re: [Coral-List] bleaching and acidification
To: "Delbeek, Charles" <cdelbeek at calacademy.org>
Cc: coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Message-ID:
<1eab821b0902200427u2dbd586m111bc5159a960881 at mail.gmail.com>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1
One such would be
Atkinson, Carlson & Crow, 1995 Coral Reefs 14; p215, which if I recall
correctly emphasizes nutrient levels (high inorganic, low organic relative
to average reef conditions) and mentions low pH in passing.
On Thu, Feb 19, 2009 at 11:59 AM, Delbeek, Charles
<cdelbeek at calacademy.org>wrote:
> The source of saltwater at the Waikiki Aquarium is an 80ft deep saltwater
> well. This water is high in dissolved nitrogen and CO2 so is heavily
> aerated
> in an adjacent aeration chamber before it is used. The pH is around 7.8 on
> exit from the aeration well, and is used in all their live coral exhibits
> and
> the corals grow extremely well. Dr. Marlin Atkinson at U of Hawaii has
> published a few papers on this system in the 1990s and Dr. Bruce Carlson
> also
> published a paper in the late 90's on the growth rate of the coral in this
> water. Perhaps they can chime in with the references which I do not have
> handy at the moment.
>
> I have always found it puzzling why more researchers have not investigated
> the corals and giant clams that have been grown in this water at this
> facility for over 30 years, since it seems to present the possible future
> situation of our ocean water.
>
> Cheers!
>
> J. Charles Delbeek, M.Sc.
> Senior Aquatic Biologist, Steinhart Aquarium
> California Academy of Sciences
> 55 Music Concourse Dr.
> San Francisco CA 94118
>
> phone (415) 379-5303
> fax (415) 379-5304
> cdelbeek at calacademy.org
> www.calacademy.org
>
>
> -----Original Message-----
> From: coral-list-bounces at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
> [mailto:coral-list-bounces at coral.aoml.noaa.gov] On Behalf Of Tim Wijgerde
> Sent: Wednesday, February 18, 2009 11:00 AM
> To: coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
> Subject: Re: [Coral-List] bleaching and acidification
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
> <style type="text/css">
> ->
> </style>
> Dear all,
>
>
> why not put corals in 5 small chambers at pH levels of 7,4;7,6;7,8 and 8.2
> and measure calcification. Next, subject the same corals to these values
> for 3 months or more and see how they grow. Maybe calcification rates are
> more or less equal in all conditions (ample HCO3-) but net accretion
> correlates negatively with lower pH levels (decreased arag sat, so more
> dissolution). I noticed some gaps about this in the literature. Mix this
> with different temperatures in a larger setup and the data would be very
> interesting. Maybe combine this with some microsensor measurements to
> correlate calicoblastic pH levels with decreased ambient pH (which is
> usually around pH 9 during the day at ambient pH 8.2) and we could
> distinguish between gross accretion and dissolution. It will probably cost
> significantly more ATP (energy) to allow the Ca2+/proton pumps to keep
> high calicoblastic fluid pH levels at low ambient pH.
> p.s. Dr. Muir, you will
> find arag stat maps in this paper for example by Prof. Hoegh-Guldberg;
> DOI: 10.1126/science.1152509
> Science 318, 1737 (2007);
> O.
> Hoegh-Guldberg, et al.
>
> best
>
> tim
>
> Op Wo, 18 februari, 2009 18:00, schreef
> coral-list-request at coral.aoml.noaa.gov:
> > Send Coral-List mailing
> list submissions to
> > coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
> >
>
> > To subscribe or unsubscribe via the World Wide Web, visit
> > http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/mailman/listinfo/coral-list
> >
> or, via email, send a message with subject or body 'help' to
> >
> coral-list-request at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
> >
> > You can reach
> the person managing the list at
> >
> coral-list-owner at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
> >
> > When replying,
> please edit your Subject line so it is more specific
> > than
> "Re: Contents of Coral-List digest..."
> >
> >
> > Today's Topics:
> >
> > 1. Re: bleaching and
> acidification (Paul Muir)
> > 2. CPCe V3.6 is available (Kevin
> Kohler)
> > 3. CPCe V3.6 is available (Kevin Kohler)
> >
> 4. Black cyanobacterisponge, Terpios hishinota, outbreak in
> >
> coral reefs and geographic information needed (Allen Chen)
> >
> 5. post doc position (St?phanie Reynaud (CSM))
> >
> >
> >
> ----------------------------------------------------------------------
> >
> > Message: 1
> > Date: Tue, 17 Feb 2009 10:05:01
> +1000
> > From: "Paul Muir"
> <paul.muir at qm.qld.gov.au>
> > Subject: Re: [Coral-List]
> bleaching and acidification
> > To: "coral-list
> coral-list" <coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
> >
> Message-ID:
> >
> <BB9E9CCBC5617F4B9FB988E8553C377D238BC1 at mtqfp02.mtq.qm.qld.gov.au>
> > Content-Type: text/plain; charset="US-ASCII"
> >
>
> >
> > Are there maps of aragonite saturation/ carbonate
> equilibrium for ocean
> > areas? On a trip to the Indian Ocean in
> 2005 we were quite struck by
> > differences in apparent growth
> rates of Acroporas after the '98
> > bleaching event at different
> locations. In the Maldives growth after
> > mass mortality was
> apparently rapid (ie new colonies 2- 3m diameter)
> > while at a
> similar latitude in the Seychelles the maximum colony size
> > of
> Acroporas was approx 25 cm. We did wonder if these apparent
> >
> differences in growth rates were partly due to differences in aragonite
> > saturation since both locations appeared quite similar in terms of
> being
> > oceanic reefs with minimal human impact.
> >
> >
> > Dr. Paul Muir
> > Museum of Tropical
> Queensland,
> > 78-104 Flinders St,
> > Townsville QLD 4810
> Australia.
> > ph. 07 47 260 642 fax. 07 47 212 093 mob. 0407 117
> 998
> >
> > * if no reply or problems sending try
> paularwen at gmail.com
> >
> >
> >
> >
> -----Original Message-----
> > From:
> coral-list-bounces at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
> >
> [mailto:coral-list-bounces at coral.aoml.noaa.gov] On Behalf Of Thomas
> > Goreau
> > Sent: Tuesday, 17 February 2009 3:11 AM
> >
> To: Chris Langdon
> > Cc: coral-list coral-list
> > Subject:
> [Coral-List] bleaching and acidification
> >
> > Dear
> Chris,
> >
> > I fully agree with what you say below based on
> lab studies. The Elat
> > field data of Silverman et al. clearly
> showing less net calcium
> > carbonate accumulation when waters have
> higher pCO2 makes this even
> > clearer.
> >
> >
> However this small reduction must be contrasted with the fact that
> > bleached corals completely stop growing (Goreau & Macfarlane)
> or
> > reproducing (Szmant-Froelich) for at least one year, and it
> takes a
> > couple years to fully recover even if they survive and
> high temperatures
> > don't ever come back.......
> >
> > Best wishes,
> > Tom
> >
> > Thomas J. Goreau,
> PhD
> > President, Global Coral Reef Alliance
> > Coordinator,
> United Nations Commission on Sustainable Development
> > Partnership
> in New Technologies for Small Island Developing States
> > 37
> Pleasant Street, Cambridge MA 02139
> > 617-864-4226
> >
> goreau at bestweb.net
> > http://www.globalcoral.org <http://www.globalcoral.org/>
> >
> > Date: Sun, 15 Feb 2009 17:49:56 -0500 (EST)
> > From:
> "Chris Langdon" <clangdon at rsmas.miami.edu>
> >
> Subject: [Coral-List] Bleaching vs acidification
> > To:
> coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
> > Message-ID:
> >
> <2975.129.171.118.2.1234738196.squirrel at webmail.rsmas.miami.edu>
> > Content-Type: text/plain;charset=iso-8859-1
> >
> > It
> is very clear that bleaching events have resulted in significant loss
> > of live coral cover around the globe. We know that within the
> > environmentally probable range of pH that coral mortality does
> not
> > result.
> > However, acidification may play an
> important role in the amount of
> > recovery that is possible
> between bleaching events which have been
> > occurring with a
> frequency of 3-7 years since 1982. The average
> > saturation state
> of the tropical ocean has dropped from a pre-industrial
> > value
> of
> > 4.6
> > to a present day value of 3.9-4.0. This is
> sufficient to have caused on
> > average a 17% decrease in
> calcification for the twelve or so species
> > that have been
> studied in the lab. In a world where the balance between
> >
> production and loss of carbonate on many reefs is thought to be close
> > and where the replacement rate of new coral colonies on many reefs
> is
> > not keeping up with the rate of mortality a 17% reduction in
> fitness may
> > be significant. While acidification does not kill
> corals it does result
> > in slower development of coral larvae into
> juvenile colonies (Albright
> > et al.
> > 2008) and slower
> development of juvenile colonies to sexual maturity.
> > While
> bleaching is a very important threat I don't we know enough at
> >
> this time to ignore the possibility that acidification has already
> > played a role in the lack of recovery that we are seeing on many
> reefs.
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
>
> > Chris Langdon
> > Assoc. Professor
> > RSMAS/MBF
> > Uni. of Miami
> > 4600 Rickenbacker Cswy
> > Miami,FL
> 33149
> > Ph: 305-421-4614
> > Fax: 305-421-4239
> >
> _______________________________________________
> > Coral-List
> mailing list
> > Coral-List at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
> >
> http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/mailman/listinfo/coral-list
> >
> >
> > ------------------------------
> >
> >
> Message: 2
> > Date: Tue, 17 Feb 2009 12:15:02 -0500
> > From:
> Kevin Kohler <kevin at nova.edu>
> > Subject: [Coral-List] CPCe
> V3.6 is available
> > To: coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
> >
> Message-ID: <5.1.0.14.2.20090217121101.014fcb38 at pop.nova.edu>
> > Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
> >
>
> >
> >
> > ------------------------------
> >
>
> > Message: 3
> > Date: Tue, 17 Feb 2009 13:09:35 -0500
> > From: Kevin Kohler <kevin at nova.edu>
> > Subject:
> [Coral-List] CPCe V3.6 is available
> > To:
> coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
> > Message-ID:
> <5.1.0.14.2.20090217130638.01695ba8 at pop.nova.edu>
> >
> Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed
> >
> > Dear Coral Lister,
> >
> > The National Coral Reef
> Institute (NCRI) of Nova Southeastern University
> > is
> >
> pleased to announce the availability of Version 3.6 of CPCe (Coral
> Point
> > Count with Excel extensions). CPCe is a Windows-based
> program that
> > provides
> > for the determination of coral
> cover and diversity using transect
> > photographs and the random
> point count method. It can also perform image
> > calibration and
> area analysis.
> >
> > Improvements in V3.6 include:
> >
> > Two additional Excel analysis sheets
> > Ability
> to assemble accumulated lengths in area analysis
> > Excel files
> have greater Office 2007 compatibility
> > File sequencer allows
> bulk image renaming
> > User option for expanding small images
> > Help file is now Vista compatible
> > Reference images for
> supplied data codes
> >
> > CPCe is provided by NCRI free of
> charge for interested researchers. More
> > information is available
> at http://www.nova.edu/ocean/cpce/
> >
> >
> >
> Kevin
> > ----------------------------------------------------
> > Kevin E. Kohler <kevin at nova.edu>
> > Director of
> Computing Services
> > National Coral Reef Institute
> (www.nova.edu/ncri)
> > Nova Southeastern University Oceanographic
> Center (www.nova.edu/ocean)
> > 8000 North Ocean Drive Dania Beach,
> Florida 33004
> > Ph: 954.262.3641 Fax: 954.262.4158
> >
> >
> >
> > ------------------------------
> >
> > Message: 4
> > Date: Wed, 18 Feb 2009 13:49:30 +0800
> > From: Allen Chen <cac at gate.sinica.edu.tw>
> > Subject:
> [Coral-List] Black cyanobacterisponge, Terpios hishinota,
> >
> outbreak in coral reefs and geographic information needed
> > To:
> coral-list coral-list <coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
> >
> Message-ID:
> <14093016-B712-4969-9BED-1A3001931161 at gate.sinica.edu.tw>
> >
> Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII; delsp=yes;
> format=flowed
> >
> > Dear Listers,
> >
> > I am looking for the
> new information, particularly in the Pacific
> > Islands and other
> Indo-Pacific region, about the outbreak of black
> >
> cyanobacterisponge, Terpios hishinota. This sponge overgrows hard
> > corals and any hard substrate when it goes. Outbreak of Teripos
> was
> > observed in Guam at early 1970s, and in Okinawa at mid
> 1980s. Until
> > now, some of the coral reef areas are still covered
> by black turf-
> > like sponge for such long time, according to the
> status report in 2004.
> >
> > In Taiwan, we have observed
> the outbreak in the islands at the east
> > coast since 2006. for
> the preliminary information, please refer to
> > this paper.
> >
> > "The Black Disease of Reef-Building Corals at Green
> Island, Taiwan -
> > Outbreak of a Cyanobacteriosponge, Terpios
> hoshinota (Suberitidae;
> > Hadromerida). Zoological Studies 46(4):
> 520 (http:// <http:///>
> > zoolstud.sinica.edu.tw/464.htm)"
> >
> > We are organising an integrative project to study this sponge
> species
> > and the mechanism in killing corals. We would like to
> get more
> > information, particularly those islands or reefs that
> Terpios
> > hishinota have been observed but not been reported by
> the
> > documentation. One of the research topic is to figure out
> the sexual
> > and asexual sources and where does the terpios in
> Taiwan come from
> > and go using population genetic approaches. So,
> any information
> > related to this cyanobacterisponge will be
> grateful appreciated.
> >
> > Cheers, Allen
> > Allen
> Chen, PhD
> > Associate Research Fellow
> > BRC-AS, TAIWAN
> >
> >
> >
> > ------------------------------
> >
> > Message: 5
> > Date: Wed, 18 Feb 2009 16:14:34
> +0100
> > From: "St?phanie Reynaud (CSM)"
> <sreynaud at centrescientifique.mc>
> > Subject: [Coral-List]
> post doc position
> > To: coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
> >
> Message-ID:
> >
> <A681EEFB-7B8F-4FAB-9F67-397552B2DACB at centrescientifique.mc>
> > Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1; format=flowed;
> delsp=yes
> >
> > Dear colleagues,
> >
> > I
> would like to draw your attention to a postdoctoral research
> >
> fellowship opportunity at the Centre Scientifique de Monaco directed
> > by Prof. Denis Allemand (CSM; http://www.centrescientifique.mc <http://www.centrescientifique.mc/> ).
> >
> > You will join the team of Ecophysiology to study deep
> sea corals. The
> > candidate will focus his (her) study on growth
> rates and nutrition
> > under different environmental conditions.
> > This study will be made in collaboration with Covadonga Orejas and
> the
> > team of the CSIC in Barcelona.
> >
> >
> Selection criteria include:
> > * A PhD in relevant disciplines,
> > * An excellent publication record for stage of career,
> > *
> the knowledge of coral/deep coral biology or food web interactions and
> > * Capacity to bring fresh approaches to this study that will
> > complement existing areas of strength in the Scientific Centre.
> >
> > The position will be available in June 2009. Appointment
> will be
> > through May-June 2010 in the first instance.
> Applications will be
> > accepted until end of fMarch 2009.
> >
> > Enquiries to:
> > Dr. C. Pag?s
> (ferrier at centrescientifique.mc) or Prof. Denis Allemand
> >
> (allemand at centrescientifique.mc
> > )
> >
> > To apply,
> please forward a CV, email addresses of 3 potential
> > referees,
> and a 1-2 pages description of a research project.
> >
> >
>
> >
> >
> >
> >
> ------------------------------
> >
> >
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> mailing list
> > Coral-List at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
> >
> http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/mailman/listinfo/coral-list
> >
> > End of Coral-List Digest, Vol 6, Issue 20
> >
> *****************************************
> >
>
>
> Tim
> Wijgerde, M.Sc.
> CEO Coral Publications
> www.coralscience.org
> www.koraalwetenschap.nl
> (Mozilla Firefox optimized)
> info at coralscience.org
>
> phone: +31 617692027
> postal
> address:
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> the
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>
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>
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