[Coral-List] Evidence that ocean warming has caused most Caribbean coral loss

Bruno, John jbruno at unc.edu
Thu Apr 27 11:28:23 EDT 2017


Steve: Yes

Vassil: I’m sorry if you felt I was being overly cautious (us scientists do that sometimes). I’m not denying local impacts of Havana on adjacent reefs. I’m just not that well-informed on the area or this literature. But I agree, given Havana’s size and age it would be remarkable if there weren’t an impact. The Cuban scientists Iv’e talked to about it (e.g. Abel Valdivia) certainly think its been substantial (Abel did his MS on this).

JB




On Apr 27, 2017, at 7:51 AM, coral-list-request at coral.aoml.noaa.gov<mailto:coral-list-request at coral.aoml.noaa.gov> wrote:

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Today's Topics:

  1. Re: Evidence that ocean warming has caused most Caribbean
     coral loss (Steve Mussman)
  2. Position Available: Marine Science Postdoctoral Research
     Associate (Catheline)
  3. Global and Local Effective Conservation (Nohora Galvis)
  4. Re: Cartoons for Science Communication (Jakins-Pollard, Martyn B)


----------------------------------------------------------------------

Message: 1
Date: Wed, 26 Apr 2017 11:41:32 -0400
From: Steve Mussman <sealab at earthlink.net>
Subject: Re: [Coral-List] Evidence that ocean warming has caused most
Caribbean coral loss
To: "Bruno, John" <jbruno at unc.edu>, riskmj at mcmaster.ca
Cc: "coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov" <coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Message-ID: <278F850C-930C-473F-823E-6D0357C4619C at earthlink.net>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8

Dear John and Mike,

I ask this respectfully,  don't you both (as well as the vast majority of your colleagues) ultimately arrive at the same conclusion?
Correct me if I'm wrong, but regardless of how we got here, don't you agree that it is ocean warming that now represents the consummate threat?   I may be interpreting things incorrectly, but It seems to me that at this point we need a unified message reflecting the urgency of addressing this particular issue.

At the same time we can all remain supportive of the various efforts aimed at addressing local stressors.

Regards,
Steve

Sent from my iPhone

On Apr 25, 2017, at 8:50 AM, Bruno, John <jbruno at unc.edu> wrote:

Dear Mike, thank you for your ongoing interest in this topic and my post.

"the Caribbean had already lost more than half its reefs before water temperatures had increased by more than a fraction of a degree?

This is a common misconception from folks unaware that global warming began many decades ago. Please have a look at the NOAA data plotted in this figure from my post: http://theseamonster.net/2017/04/caribbean-bleaching/nclimate2915-f4/  Or the graphics in Kuffner et al 2014 below it. These data should sort you out. The Caribbean had clearly warmed significantly by the time mean coral cover had been roughly halved (around the mid-1980s). Also, we haven?t lost any reefs yet, what we?ve lost is coral cover (and fish biomass).

Iv?e dove near Havana and I agree - its a mess and was probably locally impacted. And I don?t understand the logic in arguing managers should give up because climate change has had significant impacts on corals.. I?ve said it a million times: local impacts need to be mitigated. We all agree on that. I think you?re underestimating managers and local conservation capacity. (All the managers I know acknowledge climate change but aren?t giving up). As the Ocean Optimism symposium highlighted over the weekend, local successes are realistic and very much meaningful and worthwhile.

"and there is overwhelming evidence of land-based stress going back to the 70?s?

You have been promising this list-serv these references for years now. If you ever find them, please do share with us if you have the time.

"how well could coral reefs survive ocean warming if they were not already stressed by [local] human impacts??

That experiment has been run dozens of times. On the northern GBR, on Scott Reef, off Southern Cuba or in the Bahamas, across the central Pacific, etc.. The answer is not well at all.

The reason is that local impacts do not appear to act synergistically with ocean warming. As Cote and Darling suggested (http://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article?id=10.1371/journal.pbio.1000438), the interaction appears to be antagonistic, not synergistic. Either that or the impact of warming is so much stronger that it swamps the local and synergistic signals. Also see Darling et al 2010: htt


------------------------------

Message: 2
Date: Wed, 26 Apr 2017 16:00:14 +0000
From: Catheline <catcool7 at hotmail.com>
Subject: [Coral-List] Position Available: Marine Science Postdoctoral
Research Associate
To: "coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov" <coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Message-ID:
<CY4PR15MB155710B26112C5BFB7043D3481110 at CY4PR15MB1557.namprd15.prod.outlook.com>

Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8"

Title: Marine Science Postdoctoral Research Associate

Classification: Postdoctoral Appointments

Agency: University of Texas Rio Grande Valley

Website: http://www.utrgv.edu/seems/

Job Description: The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley (UTRGV), School of Earth, Environmental and Marine Sciences (SEEMS) seeks a postdoctoral research associate to develop a research program in the broad area of Coastal and Marine Science. The postdoctoral research associate will contribute to existing projects and develop new research related to one of the following current focus areas: ecological and genetic research on mesophotic corals (octocorals and antipatharians) in the northwestern Gulf of Mexico, artificial reef ecology, restoration ecology, and estuarine ecosystem productivity. The postdoctoral research associate will additionally assist the PI (David Hicks) in supervising 3-4 graduate and undergraduate students. Performs other duties that are logically related to the position as assigned including progress and budget reporting.

This position is co-funded by the NOAA EPP Center for Coastal and Marine Ecosystems (CCME) and the UTRGV College of Science. The position requires that the candidate contribute 80% of their time to the research mission and goals of the NOAA CCME. Post?Docs?will prepare a research doctoral plan to include relevant NOAA/CCME research and work at a NOAA facility. Present research findings at a NOAA and/or professional meetings.

This is a great opportunity to join a collaborative team of researchers in a rapidly expanding marine science program located in one of the fastest growing, culturally diverse regions in the nation situated minutes from South Padre Island, Laguna Madre, and the Gulf of Mexico. The position will be stationed at new laboratory facilities in Port Isabel, Texas.


Location: Brownsville/Port Isabel/South Padre Island, Texas
Salary: $45,000

Qualifications: Must hold a Ph.D. in a marine sciences related field. Applicants with expertise in biological oceanography, marine genetics and molecular taxonomy, invertebrate biology, and/or fisheries are strongly encouraged to apply.

Additional requirements include:

(1) United States (U.S.) Citizenship;
(2) Recent doctoral graduate ? within two (2) years of graduation;
(3) Doctoral degree field must support NOAA?s mission; and
(4) Period of eligibility for the fellow to be supported onaward funds in the CSC Postdoctoral Fellowship Program is 24 months within a 26-month period.


Applications must be submitted on line at https://careers.utrgv.edu/postings/13359 Posting number SRGV2559.

UTRGV is an Affirmative Action/Equal Opportunity Employer that strives to hire without regard to race, color, national origin, sex, age, religion, disability, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, genetic information or veteran status. UTRGV takes affirmative action to hire and advance women, minorities, protected veterans and individuals with disabilities. UTRGV is a Hispanic-serving Institution dedicated to student success and building a diverse faculty committed to working in a multicultural environment. UTRGV has an NSF ADVANCE grant to increase the representation of women in STEM fields and to promote a positive, family friendly workplace for all faculty. We strongly encourage applications from women, minorities, and dual-career couples.

Application deadline: May 15, 2017

Contact person: David Hicks

Phone: 956-882-5055

Application E-mail: david.hicks at utrgv.edu


------------------------------

Message: 3
Date: Wed, 26 Apr 2017 13:18:15 -0500
From: Nohora Galvis <icri.colombia at gmail.com>
Subject: [Coral-List] Global and Local Effective Conservation
To: Coral-List <coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Message-ID:
<CAO+JPTHDkyUr4a7=mFkyz-R8P3yhJ=8HUtyZqPnAu_MK2RW-bg at mail.gmail.com>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8

Dear Colleagues,

A reminder that May 2 2017 is the deadline for Early Bird Registration
to the SCB's 28th International Congress for Conservation Biology
(ICCB 2017).  The Symposium of Coral Reef Conservation Effectiveness
(#157) is part of the program that will be held in Cartagena Colombia
with the focus on Insights for Sustaining Life on Earth. During the
symposium we will discuss about case studies, ethical norms, relevance
of assertive scientific communication to diminish local and global
threats to improve #ConservationOptimism in ALL the coral reefs.

We will call the attention on the need to avoid denials of the local
and global stressors, as well on the undercover potential impacts from
unsustainable coastal development, illegal inter/national fishing,
nuclear missiles tests, radiation from nuclear plants, coal
transportation and other sources of pollution and destruction of coral
reef areas. Many of these activities are no correlated when studying
protected and non-protected areas. Specifically, we want to provide a
proactive set of recommendations to enhance effective conservation in
?paper protected coral reefs?.

A critical analysis will allow open participation about the trend of
some biologists to offer coral restoration to support local
unsustainable development. Under the climate change scenario.
Fragmenting healthy coral colonies to form "Frankestein reefs" to be
placed in areas where coral cover is low without diminishing local and
global threats, may represent a greater risk to resilient coral reefs
that have proved to be climate change refuges (e.g. Caribbean Case
Study #CoralesBahiaCartagena = #VaraderoColombia). All participants
who are divers will be welcome to join us in a dive to this
non-protected reef under risk to be severely impacted from dredging in
the following months despite of being the healthiest coral reef in the
Colombian Caribbean.


Cordial saludo,

Nohora Galvis
Organizer Symposium #157 @ICCB2017
SCB Member / Coral Reef Working Group

Directora Observatorio Pro Arrecifes
Fundaci?n ICRI Colombia
Coordinadora Red Internacional de Observadores Voluntarios del Arrecife

Facebook.com/ICRI.COLOMBIA

Twitter @ArrecifesCoral e @ICRIcolombia


------------------------------

Message: 4
Date: Wed, 26 Apr 2017 22:25:33 +0000
From: "Jakins-Pollard, Martyn B" <mj16100 at essex.ac.uk>
Subject: Re: [Coral-List] Cartoons for Science Communication
To: "coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov" <coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Message-ID: <7B3D36E4-36DD-4D09-AD81-8393D9177BE3 at essex.ac.uk>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8"

Hi Sarah,

I just wanted to say if you can get this kind of thing into the spotlight I think it is such a great idea to use cartoons in this way. I feel that due to the amount of misinformation in the media the best way for the general public to be truly informed is to read the literature themselves. This is obviously a difficult thing for a lot of people due to the huge amount of jargon and technical terminology. Pairing this kind of thing with peer reviewed articles could be a great way to skip out the opportunistic nature of the media and how they pull out the message that suits their stance.

Martyn


On 25 Apr 2017, at 17:00, coral-list-request at coral.aoml.noaa.gov<mailto:coral-list-request at coral.aoml.noaa.gov> wrote:

Send Coral-List mailing list submissions to
coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov<mailto:coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

To subscribe or unsubscribe via the World Wide Web, visit
http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/mailman/listinfo/coral-list
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You can reach the person managing the list at
coral-list-owner at coral.aoml.noaa.gov

When replying, please edit your Subject line so it is more specific
than "Re: Contents of Coral-List digest...", e.g., cut and paste the
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please only include quoted text from prior posts that is necessary to
make your point; avoid re-sending the entire Digest back to the list.
Today's Topics:

 1. Cartoons for Science Communication (Sarah Frias-Torres)
 2. BIOS Fall REU Program | Applications Due May 31 (Chloe Baron)
 3. Re: Evidence that ocean warming has caused most Caribbean
    coral loss (Peter Sale)
 4. could clouds shade the Great Barrier Reef to protect them?
    (Douglas Fenner)
 5. Re: Evidence that ocean warming has caused most Caribbean
    coral loss (Risk, Michael)
 6. Re: Evidence that ocean warming has caused most Caribbean
    coral loss (Bruno, John)
 7. Sunscreen pollution and coral reefs (info)

From: Sarah Frias-Torres <sfrias_torres at hotmail.com>
Subject: [Coral-List] Cartoons for Science Communication
Date: 24 April 2017 16:11:00 BST
To: coral list <coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov>


Dear Coral-List,

this is a shameless plug for my new science communication approach.


I'm making cartoons to share the basic message of a peer-reviewed paper or a science story shown in the news.

The cartoons are found in my Twitter feed. Soon, they'll be hosted at a website.


Usually, there's a connection between Hollywood films and the cartoons. So far they include:


..- A coral restoration cartoon inspired by the 1969 Western musical "Paint Your Wagon"

..- A drones vs. whales cartoon inspired by the 1950 American film "Sunset Boulevard"


I'm still engaged with more traditional science communication products including

..- A science outreach blog:

https://grouperluna.wordpress.com/


..- A microfiction blog (fables for grown-ups) with illustrations

https://oceanbestiary.wordpress.com/



Sarah Frias-Torres, Ph.D.
Twitter: @GrouperDoc
Blog: http://grouperluna.wordpress.com
http://independent.academia.edu/SarahFriasTorres





From: Chloe Baron <chloe.baron at bios.edu>
Subject: [Coral-List] BIOS Fall REU Program | Applications Due May 31
Date: 24 April 2017 20:47:47 BST
To: "coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov" <coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov>


Hello Coral-list,

A reminder that the Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences (BIOS) has received funding from the National Science Foundation (NSF), for the Research Experiences for Undergraduates (REU) Program, to support eight internships for undergraduate student research at BIOS during Fall 2017. Funding includes air travel to Bermuda, accommodation and meals. Each successful REU applicant will also receive a competitive stipend to cover miscellaneous expenses. In 2017, REU students will arrive at BIOS on August 27 and depart on November 18.

This program provides recipients with the opportunity to design and conduct intensive, hands-on research projects, under faculty supervision and mentorship, in several active and ongoing research areas.  Throughout the semester, REU students will give presentations that outline their research topic, methods, and results, including a final presentation to BIOS faculty, staff, and visiting students. REU students will also have the opportunity to participate in a variety of field excursions to learn about Bermuda's natural history, as well as workshops and seminars given by BIOS faculty.  In 2017, students can select from the following projects:
* Implications of decreasing dissolved oxygen concentrations for nitrous oxide production.
* Characterizing Bermuda's baitfish populations to improve management and fishery sustainability
* Ecological Aspects of Lionfish Population Structure on Mesophotic Reefs in Bermuda: Efficacy of removal efforts in controlling lionfish densities and maintaining biodiversity on mesophotic
* Exploring the biology of the remarkable coral Oculina valenciennesi
* Using optical tools to measure productivity of corals and algae
* Reef Community Light-Use Efficiency
* Phenology of Coral Pigments via Bio-Optics
* Characterizing Optical Properties of Coral Reef Waters
* Modeling Radiative Transfer Effects in Coral Reef Remote Sensing
* Catastrophe Modelling for Bermuda Risk Assessment
* Analysis of Maximum Potential Intensity from SST and Upper Ocean Heat Content perspectives

Further information on the REU program at BIOS can be found on the website, including eligibility and application information, student testimonials and more detail on potential projects that students may apply to work on in 2017. http://www.bios.edu/education/reu/

Applicants must meet the following criteria:
* Completed at least one year of undergraduate study
* Will not have graduated and will still be enrolled as an undergraduate in the fall of 2017
* U.S. citizen or permanent resident

The application deadline is May 31, 2017. We encourage all successful applicants to arrange for independent study credit through their home institutions; contact BIOS Education, University Programs, for assistance as required.. Underrepresented groups are encouraged to apply. Please don't hesitate to contact us at education at bios.edu should you require additional information on BIOS's REU program or other BIOS education programs.

Cheers,

Chloe

Chloe Baron
Administrative Assistant | University Programs
Librarian | E.L. Mark Memorial Library Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences (BIOS)
17 Biological Station | St. George's GE 01 | Bermuda T 441 297 1880 x115 www.bios.edu



The Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences is an independent U.S. not-for-profit marine research and educational organization with 501(c)(3) status and a Bermuda Registered Charity (#116).
Visit us in Bermuda or at www.bios.edu




From: Peter Sale <sale at uwindsor.ca>
Subject: Re: [Coral-List] Evidence that ocean warming has caused most Caribbean coral loss
Date: 25 April 2017 04:21:25 BST
To: "jbruno at unc.edu" <jbruno at unc.edu>, "coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov" <coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov>


Hi all,
John Bruno's blog post is a service to the community that deserves a more permanent place (i.e. a peer-reviewed article) as a review of the data.  A lot of our data on reef degradation are correlative, and you cannot discover correlations with factors that are not included in the analyses.  Nor are correlations proof of causation.  And because ecology remains a science of words instead of equations, it is easy for one's personal experience or bias to subtly shift the meaning of sentences written by others.  In other words, I won't be surprised if it turns out that we can all agree on the data, but have nuanced differences in how we interpret them.  Responses will be interesting to read...

In the meantime, damage caused by warming continues to occur on reefs around the world, while the global community continues to take baby steps in cutting GHG emissions.  Regardless of the history of reef degradation, global temperature increases appear to be a major factor at present, with impacts that appear not to be ameliorated by high quality local reef management.  We need much stronger action on climate.

Peter Sale
University of Windsor




From: Douglas Fenner <douglasfennertassi at gmail.com>
Subject: [Coral-List] could clouds shade the Great Barrier Reef to protect them?
Date: 25 April 2017 12:07:12 BST
To: coral list <coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov>


Could more reflective clouds save the Great Barrier Reef?

http://www.sciencemag.org/news/sifter/could-more-reflective-clouds-save-great-barrier-reef?utm_campaign=news_daily_2017-04-24&et_rid=17045989&et_cid=1291195

Open-access.

Scientists consider brighter clouds to preserve the Great Barrier Reef.

https://www.technologyreview.com/s/604211/scientists-consider-brighter-clouds-to-preserve-the-great-barrier-reef/

Open-access.

Cheers,  Doug
--
Douglas Fenner
Contractor for NOAA NMFS, and consultant
"have regulator, will travel"
PO Box 7390
Pago Pago, American Samoa 96799  USA

phone 1 684 622-7084

Join the International Society for Reef Studies.  Membership includes a
subscription to the journal Coral Reefs, and there are discounts for pdf
subscriptions and developing countries.  Coral Reefs is the only journal
that is ALL coral reef articles, and it has amazingly LOW prices compared
to other journals.  Check it out!  www.fit.edu/isrs/

"Belief in climate change is optional, participation is not."- Jim Beever.
"Everyone is entitled to their own opinion, but not to their own facts."-
Daniel Patrick Moynihan.

Study: Stopping global warming only way to save coral reefs.
https://www.yahoo.com/news/study-stopping-global-warming-only-way-save-coral-180833431.html

'Extreme and unusual' climate trends continue after record 2016.
http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-3932

A roadmap for rapid decarbonization
http://science.sciencemag.org/content/355/6331/1269?utm_campaign=toc_sci-mag_2017-03-23&et_rid=17045989&et_cid=1233226




From: "Risk, Michael" <riskmj at mcmaster.ca>
Subject: Re: [Coral-List] Evidence that ocean warming has caused most Caribbean coral loss
Date: 25 April 2017 13:02:09 BST
To: "Bruno, John" <jbruno at unc.edu>
Cc: "coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov" <coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov>



 Good day John, colleagues.

 I feel compelled to respond to your post. Implying that those who disagree
 with  you  are  guilty of professional misconduct is hardly the way to
 encourage dialogue.

 I have neither the time nor the energy to go into many details here, but I
 point out that you have described an exercise in correlation whilst ignoring
 an impressive body of science. I do not question your motives. It is clear
 that society is headed in the wrong direction (although Canada is still
 committed to the Paris agreement.) In the long run (or even the short run!),
 if we do not control and reduce CO2 emissions, reefs are doomed. My personal
 position  is  fairly  clear: we have 10MW of solar panels on our roof,
 and-because we heat with wood-I spent a fun-filled afternoon yesterday
 splitting maple for next year.

 While it is true that the water temperature in the Caribbean has increased,
 it is also true that the Caribbean had already lost more than half its reefs
 before water temperatures had increased by more than a fraction of a degree.
 The reefs of the Florida Keys were particularly decimated, and there is
 overwhelming evidence of land-based stress going back to the 70?s. These
 reefs are at the northern limits of thermal tolerance.

 You state that there is no correlation of reef damage with human habitation,
 and cite as your source your paper with Valdivia-which I find unconvincing.
 Sometimes results are counterintuitive because they are wrong or misleading.
 We all know that you simply cannot find reefs anymore near dense human
 habitation. You mention Cuba: I just received a paper to review written by
 several  Cuban  biologists that documents reef decline near centres of
 habitation.

 The reason I take issue with you is that you let managers off the hook. If
 they are able to point to global change, then there is no impetus to control
 local sources of stress. This would be a huge mistake.

 I realize the news is now full of reports from Australia, which I personally
 find very depressing. We all need to understand, however, that we have lost
 the opportunity to run a critical experiment: how well could coral reefs
 survive ocean warming if they were not already stressed by human impacts?

 Mike

 On Apr 24, 2017, at 9:57 AM, Bruno, John <[1]jbruno at unc.edu> wrote:

 I just posted a succinct review of the evidence that ocean warming has
 caused most Caribbean coral loss:
 [2]http://theseamonster.net/2017/04/caribbean-bleaching/
 As a bonus, Ive included links to dozens of PDFs of relevant papers:)
 Many of you are already familiar with this work. But there are some that
 continue  deny  its  existence. They offer no evidence for alternative
 explanations and are effectively accusing hundreds of their colleagues of
 fabricating their published evidence, e.g., of bleaching and disease related
 mass-mortality.
 Cheers,
 JB
 John Francis Bruno
 Professor, Dept of Biology
 UNC Chapel Hill
 www.johnfbruno.com<http://www.johnfbruno.com>
 _______________________________________________
 Coral-List mailing list
 Coral-List at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
 http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/mailman/listinfo/coral-list

References

 1. mailto:jbruno at unc.edu
 2. http://theseamonster.net/2017/04/caribbean-bleaching/




From: "Bruno, John" <jbruno at unc.edu>
Subject: Re: [Coral-List] Evidence that ocean warming has caused most Caribbean coral loss
Date: 25 April 2017 13:50:16 BST
To: "Risk, Michael" <riskmj at mcmaster.ca>
Cc: "coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov" <coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov>


Dear Mike, thank you for your ongoing interest in this topic and my post.

"the Caribbean had already lost more than half its reefs before water temperatures had increased by more than a fraction of a degree?

This is a common misconception from folks unaware that global warming began many decades ago. Please have a look at the NOAA data plotted in this figure from my post: http://theseamonster.net/2017/04/caribbean-bleaching/nclimate2915-f4/  Or the graphics in Kuffner et al 2014 below it. These data should sort you out. The Caribbean had clearly warmed significantly by the time mean coral cover had been roughly halved (around the mid-1980s). Also, we haven?t lost any reefs yet, what we?ve lost is coral cover (and fish biomass).

Iv?e dove near Havana and I agree - its a mess and was probably locally impacted. And I don?t understand the logic in arguing managers should give up because climate change has had significant impacts on corals. I?ve said it a million times: local impacts need to be mitigated. We all agree on that. I think you?re underestimating managers and local conservation capacity. (All the managers I know acknowledge climate change but aren?t giving up). As the Ocean Optimism symposium highlighted over the weekend, local successes are realistic and very much meaningful and worthwhile.

"and there is overwhelming evidence of land-based stress going back to the 70?s?

You have been promising this list-serv these references for years now. If you ever find them, please do share with us if you have the time.

"how well could coral reefs survive ocean warming if they were not already stressed by [local] human impacts??

That experiment has been run dozens of times. On the northern GBR, on Scott Reef, off Southern Cuba or in the Bahamas, across the central Pacific, etc. The answer is not well at all.

The reason is that local impacts do not appear to act synergistically with ocean warming. As Cote and Darling suggested (http://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article?id=10.1371/journal.pbio.1000438), the interaction appears to be antagonistic, not synergistic. Either that or the impact of warming is so much stronger that it swamps the local and synergistic signals. Also see Darling et al 2010: http://research.fit.edu/sealevelriselibrary/documents/doc_mgr/389/Kenya_Coral_Reef_Stressors_Not_Synergistic_-_Darling_et_al.pdf

Sincerely,

John




From: info <info at haereticus-lab.org>
Subject: [Coral-List] Sunscreen pollution and coral reefs
Date: 25 April 2017 15:19:04 BST
To: <coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov>


I just wanted the Coral Reef List serv community to know about a large
effort going on in Hawaii regarding Sunscreen Pollution and Coral Reefs.

There is a new film out by Malina Fagan and produced by Robert Redford's
Redford Center on the topic of Sunscreen Pollution and Coral Reefs.  You can
watch the  11 minute film for free at:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=28qWIPeOkvI

or
https://www.facebook.com/NapiliBayandBeachFoundation/
https://www.bereefsafe.com/sunscreen-sunblock/



Craig A. Downs, Ph.D.
Executive Director, Haereticus Environmental Laboratory
A 501(c)(3) non-profit scientific research organization

P.O. Box 92
Clifford, Virginia 24533, United States of America

Phone: 434-263-5740
www.haereticus-lab.org







_______________________________________________
Coral-List mailing list
Coral-List at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/mailman/listinfo/coral-list


------------------------------

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Coral-List at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
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