[Coral-List] Comment on von Euw paper in Science on Biological Control of Coral Calcification

Mon Jun 5 10:20:56 EDT 2017

I would like to bring to your attention a couple of papers that we have
recently published that add to this discussion https://www.nature.
com/articles/s41598-017-02306-x and https://www.nature.com/
articles/ncomms15686. Our results; based mainly on B/Ca and d11B data; show
that DIC, pH and aragonite saturation state are significantly elevated at
the site of calcification, but that DIC and pH have strong seasonal but
opposite variability, this helps the coral maintain elevated and relatively
constant aragonite saturation conditions (to optimise calcification) in
face of a seasonally variable DIC pool. Our results also show that
up-regulation of pH and aragonite saturation (although affected) are
maintained even during stress events. This indicates that (1) corals
control pH and DIC (and arag sat) at the site of calcification and (2) that
there is a minimum aragonite saturation value that is necessary for
calcification to occur; however, the elevation of aragonite saturation
state is likely not the only variable controlling calcification rates.

Cheers,
Juan Pablo D'Olivo

On 5 June 2017 at 20:37, Langdon, Chris <clangdon at rsmas.miami.edu> wrote:

> I would like to point out that this study showed that organic matter is
> clearly associated with the aragonite crystals laid down by corals using
> powerful new imaging technology.  They suggest that this matrix material
> may lower the saturation state in the calcifying medium needed to achieve
> rapid crystal formation to near seawater levels perhaps eliminating the
> need of the corals to elevate the pH of the calcifying medium.  Essentially
> they are saying that the organic matrix is catalyzing the combination of
> the Ca2+ and CO32- to form solid CaCO3 so that it happens at a biologically
> useful rate at ambient seawater concentrations and even at the lower
> [CO32-] concentrations projected for later in the century such that ocean
> acidification becomes unimportant.  This is very interesting but what of
> the empirical evidence that corals do elevate the pH of the calcifying
> medium coming from studies based on pH microelectrodes, pH indicating dyes
> and B-11?  And that the pH of the calci
>  fying fluid tracks a reduction of pH in the ambient seawater and that the
> calcification rate tracks that change in pH (Venn et al. 2012)? The von Euw
> study reported no measurements of the chemistry of the calcifying fluid to
> substantiate that the saturation state was not elevated nor did they make
> any measurements of calcification under normal and reduced pH to see that
> the rate was in fact independent of ambient pH.   The facts are that there
> is compelling evidence that both biology and seawater carbonate chemistry
> control the rate of calcification along with nutrients, feeding,
> temperature and light.  Taking extreme positions on either end of the
> biology/chemistry spectrum is not helpful.
>
>
> Chris Langdon
>
>
>
> ________________________________
> From: Langdon, Chris
> Sent: Monday, June 5, 2017 8:14 AM
> To: coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
> Subject: Re: Coral-List Digest, Vol 106, Issue 4
>
>
> Comment on von Euw paper in Science on Biological Control of Coral
> Calcification
>
>
> I would like to point out that this study showed that organic matter is
> clearly associated with the aragonite crystals laid down by corals using
> powerful new imaging technology.  They suggest that this matrix material
> may lower the saturation state in the calcifying medium needed to achieve
> rapid crystal formation to near seawater levels perhaps eliminating the
> need of the corals to elevate the pH of the calcifying medium.  Essentially
> they are saying that the organic matrix is catalyzing the combination of
> the Ca2+ and CO32- to form solid CaCO3 so that it happens at a biologically
> useful rate at ambient seawater concentrations and even at the lower
> [CO32-] concentrations projected for later in the century such that ocean
> acidification becomes unimportant.  This is very interesting but what of
> the empirical evidence that corals do elevate the pH of the calcifying
> medium coming from studies based on pH microelectrodes, pH indicating dyes
> and B-11?  And that the pH of the calci
>  fying fluid tracks a reduction of pH in the ambient seawater and that the
> calcification rate tracks that change in pH (Venn et al. 2012)? The von Euw
> study reported no measurements of the chemistry of the calcifying fluid to
> substantiate that the saturation state was not elevated nor did they make
> any measurements of calcification under normal and reduced pH to see that
> the rate was in fact independent of ambient pH.   The facts are that there
> is compelling evidence that both biology and seawater carbonate chemistry
> control the rate of calcification along with nutrients, feeding,
> temperature and light.  Taking extreme positions on either end of the
> biology/chemistry spectrum is not helpful.
>
>
> Chris Langdon
>
>
> ________________________________
> From: coral-list-bounces at coral.aoml.noaa.gov <coral-list-bounces at coral.
> aoml..noaa.gov> on behalf of coral-list-request at coral.aoml.noaa.gov <
> coral-list-request at coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
> Sent: Monday, June 5, 2017 6:53:14 AM
> To: coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
> Subject: Coral-List Digest, Vol 106, Issue 4
>
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> Today's Topics:
>
>    1. Question: Human Coral Reef Dependance in the U.S  States &
>       Territories (Miguel G Figuerola Hernandez)
>    2. Re: Suitable lighting for coral maintenance in    the     aquarium
>       (Tim Wijgerde)
>    3. corals and acidification (Douglas Fenner)
>    4. New open access illustrated account of corals of the Chagos
>       atolls, Indian Ocean (Sheppard, Charles)
>    5. session invitation ECRS 2017: larval dispersal (Gerrit Nanninga)
>    6. Re: Reef tourism (Maarten De Brauwer)
>    7. Postdoctoral Research position in Quantitative Ecology    at UQ
>       (K-le Gomez-Cabrera)
>
>
> ----------------------------------------------------------------------
>
> Message: 1
> Date: Fri, 2 Jun 2017 10:21:50 -0400
> From: Miguel G Figuerola Hernandez <miguel.figuerola at upr.edu>
> Subject: [Coral-List] Question: Human Coral Reef Dependance in the U.S
>         States & Territories
> To: coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
> Message-ID:
>         <CAHjZmJmhedddwJB4nB2SsRDSNKr6dDEiaB569WsEoi6924uqCA at mail.
> gmail.com>
> Content-Type: text/plain; charset="UTF-8"
>
> Dear Coral Listers,
>
> I am a graduate student from the University of Puerto Rico working on coral
> community ecology in La Parguera. Lately, I have been paying more and more
> attention to socio-ecological dynamics and governance cycles that influence
> management decision-making. For understanding this in developed world
> societies, it is imperative to talk about corals by the numbers [as
> dangerous as it might be].
>
> It has been accepted that about 500 million humans depend [at different
> levels] on coral reefs (Wilkinson, 2004). That is one of the most cited
> facts in research proposal and paper introductions that aim to justify the
> investment on coral reef projects.
>
> However, teasing apart the *human dependency* *metric for the U.S States
> and Territories* is something I'm interested to produce a fact sheet of
> "CORALS BY THE NUMBERS" to improve communications with Congress and the
> general public. This can help understand how resource allocations and
> public engagement in coral reef conservation can be improved. It might
> reveal an ugly truth due to the population density proportion in tropical
> coastal areas to inland and subtropical/temperate coasts.
>
> *Does anybody here can shed light on the approximated number of people in
> the U.S State and Jurisdictions that actually depend [protein, tourism,
> education, coastal protection, recreation, etc.] on coral reefs?*
>
> I will keep looking for sources but if anyone here can point out specific
> sources to focus my data mining that would be of great help.
>
> Thanks!
>
>
> ------------------------------
>
> Message: 2
> Date: Fri, 2 Jun 2017 18:35:48 +0200
> From: "Tim Wijgerde" <wijgerde at coralpublications.com>
> Subject: Re: [Coral-List] Suitable lighting for coral maintenance in
>         the     aquarium
> To: " 'R?diger Siek' " <ruediger.siek at gmail.com>,       "'SIVIWE ELVIS'"
>         <siviweelvis at yahoo.com>
> Cc: 'Coral-List' <coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
> Message-ID: <001f01d2dbbe$4ab41230$e01c3690$@coralpublications.com>
> Content-Type: text/plain;       charset="iso-8859-1"
>
> Hi Ruediger,
>
> Too much (blue) light is too much, there's certainly quite some data to
> support that view. Next to the action spectrum of zooxanthellae, it is
> interesting to note that blue light seems to entrain the cell cycle of
> zooxanthellae (for example see Wang et al. 2008). Without blue light,
> corals
> don't fare that well after some time (Kinzie et al. 1984, 1987, Wijgerde et
> al. 2014).
>
> This certainly is an interesting topic! I am starting a new experiment
> using
> narrow bandwidth LED's soon, to look at a host of coral responses to
> various
> individual colors. Good times.
>
> Cheers!
>
> Tim
>
> Kinzie III RA, Hunter T (1987) Effect of light quality on photosynthesis of
> the reef coral Montipora verrucosa. Mar Biol 94:95?109
>
> Kinzie III RA, Jokiel PL, York R (1984) Effects of light of altered
> spectral
> composition on coral zooxanthellae associations and on zooxanthellae in
> vitro. Mar Biol 78:239?248
>
> Wang L?H, Liu Y?H, Ju Y?M, Hsiao Y?Y, Fang L?S, et al. (2008) Cell cycle
> propagation is driven by light?dark stimulation in a cultured symbiotic
> dinoflagellate isolated from corals. Coral Reefs 27:823?835
>
> Wijgerde T, van Melis A, Silva CIF, Leal MC, Vogels L, et al. (2014) Red
> Light Represses the Photophysiology of the Scleractinian Coral Stylophora
> pistillata. PLoS ONE 9(3): e92781. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0092781
>
> -----Original Message-----
> From: coral-list-bounces at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
> [mailto:coral-list-bounces at coral.aoml.noaa.gov] On Behalf Of R?diger Siek
> Sent: Friday, June 2, 2017 11:43 AM
> To: SIVIWE ELVIS
> Cc: Coral-List
> Subject: Re: [Coral-List] Suitable lighting for coral maintenance in the
> aquarium
>
> Dear Siviwe,
>
> In your e-mail you mentioned, that you are looking for a lighting with
> "natural daylight", but to be honest, it would be possible to keep your
> corals with 0.3 watts / litre with 1:3 royal blue : blue LEDs without any
> "white" light.
> Blue wavelength have the highest emitted energy of all "visible" wavelength
> (besides ultra-violet) and when you look at the absorption spectrum of
> zooxanthellae, you can see, that the important wavelengths are between 430
> and 470 nm.
> In 2009 I build my very first DIY high power LED lighting and found it a
> good idea to put a 3 watt royal blue LED for "moonlight" in the center of
> the lamp. Two weeks later I found my Stylopora bleached due to the
> permanent
> light stress. You see, too much "blue light" is not healthy for corals
> either.
> >From my experience, the above mentioned mix 1:3:16 (royal blue : blue :
> 6500K) has been tried and tested by many aquarists.
>
> If you need more help, feel free to e-mail me.
>
> Kind regards,
> Ruediger
>
>
>
> 2017-06-01 17:55 GMT+02:00 Tim Wijgerde <wijgerde at coralpublications.com>:
>
> > Hi Ulf,
> >
> > Fortunately, today's aquarium lights can easily replicate nature in
> > terms of irradiance, at least up to 1200 umol photons/m2/s. It depends
> > on the size of your wallet, and of course the depth of your aquarium.
> > I prefer the LED lights made by a well-known Dutch manufacturer of
> > home appliances :-).
> >
> > Cheers,
> >
> > Tim
> >
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: coral-list-bounces at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
> > [mailto:coral-list-bounces at coral.aoml.noaa.gov] On Behalf Of Ulf
> > Erlingsson
> > Sent: Wednesday, May 31, 2017 4:42 PM
> > To: Capman, William
> > Cc: coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
> > Subject: Re: [Coral-List] Suitable lighting for coral maintenance in
> > the aquarium
> >
> > The other week I was a searching for info on light level on natural
> > corals and found an article saying that aquariums notoriously have too
> > little light, so you may want to measure in the field and make sure
> > you get the appropriate light level in lux or in energy per square meter.
> >
> > Ulf Erlingsson
> > President and CEO
> > Lindorm, Inc.
> > 10699 NW 123 St Rd
> > Medley, FL 33178
> >
> > https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__lindorm.
> com&d=DwICAg&c=y2w-uYmhgFWijp_IQN0DhA&r=rfgiQklC3jO4kKwvXusj8V24nTIJGP
> VnN6zzyMmkk4w&m=DdJ_x9-pZbWX6iu3bdKegl1spe-Bu5nlaZRM9qKq0Jk&s=
> eSFLd6PzAkIyxjH_hZLVE1Hd9qGaLTtwc0V_Bni-4hA&e=
> > ceo at lindorm.com
> > +1-305 888 0762 office
> > +1-305 888 0978 fax
> > +1-305 308 6334 mobile
> >
> >
> >
> >
> > > On 2017-05-30, at 11:28 , Capman, William <capman at augsburg.edu> wrote:
> > >
> > > People are having good results with both LED and T5 lights (and
> > > sometimes with combinations of the two!).
> > >
> > > Personally, my favorite lighting for small polyped stony corals is
> > > metal halide - this is tried and true lighting for stony coral
> > > aquaria that can give really excellent growth.  I have used 6500K
> > > bulbs as well as 10,000k bulbs - the 6500K bulbs give excellent
> > > growth (some folks have told me they feel 6500K bulbs give the best
> > > growth), though corals do fine under the 10,000K bulbs and when
> > > appearance matters the
> > latter look nicer.
> > >
> > > A rough rule of thumb from Delbeek and Sprung's wonderful book "The
> > > Reef Aquarium" is 3 - 5 watts of light per gallon (those
> > > recommendations were from the days of metal halide and fluorescent
> > > lighting - I don't know how to translate that into LED lighting).
> > > Personally, when using metal halide lighting I have tended to use
> > > roughly 6 to 10 watts per gallon (e.g. a 250 or 400 watt metal
> > > halide over a tank as small as 40 gallons), and have had excellent
> > > growth with the likes of Pocillopora and various Acropora species (I
> > > imagine this would be too much light for some deeper water corals
> though?).
> > >
> > > LED lights have the ability to be dimmed, and colors can be
> > > manipulated (assuming you have some basis for deciding what color
> > > balance
> > is good!).
> > > Metal halides can create heat problems (not an issue though if you
> > > have good temperature control in the room with your tanks).
> > >
> > > There are many different lighting options here, and what you go with
> > > will likely in part depend on what you have available in your area.
> > > Note that one needs to be careful about changes in light intensity,
> > > in particular making adjustments to higher light gradually.
> > >
> > > If there are any good quality coral reef aquarium shops in your area
> > > I would visit these and see what they are using and what they
> recommend..
> > >
> > > Even better:  See if there is a local coral reef aquarium hobbyist
> > > group in your area - in the U.S anyway, I have found some of the
> > > members of our local marine aquarium society to be *extremely*
> > > knowledgeable and experienced, and this would likely give you the
> > > opportunity to see a variety of fully functional coral reef systems
> > > in person.  This is important because the lighting is only part of
> > > what it takes to keep corals healthy and growing - the lighting is
> > > important, but there is so much more to system design than just the
> > lighting.
> > >
> > > Also, there are some wonderful online forums, such as
> > > https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__web1.
> reefcentral.com_forums_index.php-3Fs-3D&d=DwICAg&c=y2w-
> uYmhgFWijp_IQN0DhA&r=rfgiQklC3jO4kKwvXusj8V24nTIJGPVnN6zzyMmkk4w&m=DdJ_x9-
> pZbWX6iu3bdKegl1spe-Bu5nlaZRM9qKq0Jk&s=abC4DPWkJcG3TbozDkjLE0ODR-
> VlqyG8GFnVuemagP0&e=
> > >
> > > There is a wealth of information already in the discussion threads
> > > at such forums (if you have time to wade through the many *many*
> > > threads and posts and find the information relevant to you!), and
> > > there are many helpful, knowledgeable people who could answer
> > > questions. And you could probably find local coral reef aquarium
> > > hobbyists in your area
> > through such forums.
> > >
> > > Even though you are apparently wanting to grow corals for research,
> > > *don't underestimate the value of making connections with the reef
> > > aquarium hobbyist community, since quite a few of these people are
> > > extremely knowledgeable, very sophisticated aquarists with great
> > > skill in growing and propagating corals.*  Some of the most amazing,
> > > sophisticated coral reef aquarium systems (with healthy, thriving,
> > > live corals) I have ever seen have been in people's homes, and quite
> > > a lot of what we know about how to grow corals in aquaria was
> > > initially
> > figured out by advanced hobbyists.
> > >
> > > I hope this helps (and I apologize for not making the metric
> > conversions!).
> > >
> > > Bill
> > >
> > > On Mon, May 29, 2017 at 7:18 PM, Zachary Ostroff
> > > <zachostroff at gmail.com>
> > > wrote:
> > >
> > >> I suggest reaching out to the public aquarium industry. They can
> > >> help you select appropriate equipment for the dimensions of the
> > >> system you need to illuminate, and what you desire to grow in it.
> > >>
> > >> Zach Ostroff
> > >> Marine Exploration Center, St. Petersburg FL www.mecstpete.org<
> http://www.mecstpete.org>
> > >> <https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-
> 3A__www.mecstpete.org_&d=DwICAg&c=y2w-uYmhgFWijp_IQN0DhA&r=
> rfgiQklC3jO4kKwvXusj8V24nTIJGPVnN6zzyMmkk4w&m=DdJ_x9-pZbWX6iu3bdKegl1spe-
> Bu5nlaZRM9qKq0Jk&s=MaVpsrMwx-HUJ4wqdqkA4oaDYAsI7bUw9OU3ce-V400&e= >
> Facebook.com/MECStPete
> > >> <https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-
> 3A__facebook.com_MECStPete&d=DwICAg&c=y2w-uYmhgFWijp_IQN0DhA&r=
> rfgiQklC3jO4kKwvXusj8V24nTIJGPVnN6zzyMmkk4w&m=DdJ_x9-pZbWX6iu3bdKegl1spe-
> Bu5nlaZRM9qKq0Jk&s=Z_GrVaiEvt_-Xp1Y8M6_UjPmlNsWiwRV1icU5b5_8-0&e= >
> > >>
> > >>
> > >>>
> > >>> Message: 2
> > >>> Date: Thu, 25 May 2017 15:58:11 +0000 (UTC)
> > >>> From: SIVIWE ELVIS <siviweelvis at yahoo.com>
> > >>> Subject: [Coral-List] Suitable lighting for coral maintenance in the
> > >>>      aquarium
> > >>> To: <coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
> > >>> Message-ID: <1657713927.1964449.1495727891410 at mail.yahoo.com>
> > >>> Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
> > >>>
> > >>> Dear fellow Coral Reef researchers
> > >>>
> > >>> I am interested in conducting aquarium experiments with corals
> > >> (Pocillopora and Anomastrea species) to be collected from the wild
> > >> (inter-tidal and sub-tidal zone). This is to inquire about the best
> > >> lights to use which would produce the natural day light spectrum to
> > >> mimic the natural coral environment, achieving optimal growth for
> > >> these coral animals while in maintained in glass tanks.
> > >>>
> > >>> I am not good with lights but I seemingly need to make a choice
> > >>> between
> > >> either T5 (fluorescent tube) or T8 (LED strips tube) lights for
> > >> coral maintenance. Any advice and suggestions or references in this
> > >> regard will be highly appreciated.
> > >>>
> > >>> Thank you
> > >>>
> > >>> Best regards
> > >>>
> > >>> Siviwe Babane (MSc Marine Biology student)
> > >>>
> > >>> University of KwaZulu Natal (UKZN) College of Agriculture,
> > >>> Engineering and Science School of Life Science Biological Science
> > >>> Department Westville, University road Durban
> > >>> 4000
> > >> _______________________________________________
> > >> Coral-List mailing list
> > >> Coral-List at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
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> > >>
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>
> ------------------------------
>
> Message: 3
> Date: Sat, 3 Jun 2017 08:05:58 +1300
> From: Douglas Fenner <douglasfennertassi at gmail.com>
> Subject: [Coral-List] corals and acidification
> To: coral list <coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
> Message-ID:
>         <CAOEmEkGW8vRswnYaBz6zGFD3DnKWqS8BzotcSF6-XHDyyzZ5nA at mail.
> gmail.com>
> Content-Type: text/plain; charset="UTF-8"
>
> A short popular article based on the Science article I posed a link to
> yesterday.
>
> Corals can still grow their "bones" in acid waters.
>
> https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__www.
> sciencemag.org_news_2017_06_corals-2Dcan-2Dstill-2Dgrow-
> 2Dtheir-2Dbones-2Dacid-2Dwaters-3Futm-5Fcampaign-
> 3Dnews-5Fdaily-5F2017-2D06-2D01-26et-5Frid-3D17045989-
> 26et-5Fcid-3D1359866&d=DwICAg&c=y2w-uYmhgFWijp_IQN0DhA&r=
> rfgiQklC3jO4kKwvXusj8V24nTIJGPVnN6zzyMmkk4w&m=DdJ_x9-pZbWX6iu3bdKegl1spe-
> Bu5nlaZRM9qKq0Jk&s=ekvAZ6U6WxYKrNNIRp__dSpxhtg3xiB9zeTdMgIzihk&e=
>
> Open access.
>
> If I remember, the abstract in the original paper said they "may" be able
> to calcify in more acidic (less basic) water, they didn't say they "can."
>  There are certainly plenty of papers showing corals having reduced
> calcification in lab tests in lower pH water aren't there?
>
> Cheers,  Doug
>
> --
> Douglas Fenner
> Contractor for NOAA NMFS Protected Species, and consultant
> "have regulator, will travel"
> PO Box 7390
> Pago Pago, American Samoa 96799  USA
>
> phone 1 684 622-7084
>
> New online open-access field guide to 300 coral species in Chagos, Indian
> Ocean
> https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__
> chagosinformationportal.org_corals&d=DwICAg&c=y2w-uYmhgFWijp_IQN0DhA&r=
> rfgiQklC3jO4kKwvXusj8V24nTIJGPVnN6zzyMmkk4w&m=DdJ_x9-pZbWX6iu3bdKegl1spe-
> Bu5nlaZRM9qKq0Jk&s=r5IatHjHJO2OHPiVycO6FDy-egioqKnRLxDboXf749Y&e=
>
> Join the International Society for Reef Studies.  Membership includes a
> subscription to the journal Coral Reefs, and there are discounts for pdf
> subscriptions and developing countries.  Coral Reefs is the only journal
> that is ALL coral reef articles, and it has amazingly LOW prices compared
> to other journals.  Check it out!  www.fit.edu/isrs/<http://www.
> fit.edu/isrs/>
>
> "Belief in climate change is optional, participation is not."- Jim Beever.
>   "Everyone is entitled to their own opinion, but not to their own facts."-
> Daniel Patrick Moynihan.
>
> Study: Stopping global warming only way to save coral reefs.
> https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__www.
> yahoo.com_news_study-2Dstopping-2Dglobal-2Dwarming-
> 2Donly-2Dway-2Dsave-2Dcoral-2D180833431.html&d=DwICAg&c=
> y2w-uYmhgFWijp_IQN0DhA&r=rfgiQklC3jO4kKwvXusj8V24nTIJGP
> VnN6zzyMmkk4w&m=DdJ_x9-pZbWX6iu3bdKegl1spe-Bu5nlaZRM9qKq0Jk&s=
> ptn5qGWG08yzzHC5yXVXBpYSw-EwyWCy01H1md-l7VY&e=
>
> Goodby smokestacks: Startup invents zero-emission fossil fuel power.
>
> https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__www.
> sciencemag.org_news_2017_05_goodbye-2Dsmokestacks-
> 2Dstartup-2Dinvents-2Dzero-2Demission-2Dfossil-2Dfuel-
> 2Dpower-3Futm-5Fcampaign-3Dnews-5Fdaily-5F2017-2D05-
> 2D24-26et-5Frid-3D17045989-26et-5Fcid-3D1345339&d=DwICAg&
> c=y2w-uYmhgFWijp_IQN0DhA&r=rfgiQklC3jO4kKwvXusj8V24nTIJGP
> VnN6zzyMmkk4w&m=DdJ_x9-pZbWX6iu3bdKegl1spe-Bu5nlaZRM9qKq0Jk&s=arkSh6bb-
> lt7iZcXEe40APTRThX3RY0aQNiUH_cl12g&e=
>
> A roadmap for rapid decarbonization
> https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__science.
> sciencemag.org_content_355_6331_1269-3Futm-5Fcampaign-
> 3Dtoc-5Fsci-2Dmag-5F2017-2D03-2D23-26et-5Frid-3D17045989-
> 26et-5Fcid-3D1233226&d=DwICAg&c=y2w-uYmhgFWijp_IQN0DhA&r=
> rfgiQklC3jO4kKwvXusj8V24nTIJGPVnN6zzyMmkk4w&m=DdJ_x9-pZbWX6iu3bdKegl1spe-
> Bu5nlaZRM9qKq0Jk&s=YLZ5zfwsLHbyEYXr6XTLxIlevI4o4vFMaXKpAONp0n0&e=
>
>
>
> <https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-
> 3A__www.avast.com_en-2Dus_lp-2Dsafe-2Demailing-2D3108-2Db-
> 3Futm-5Fmedium-3Demail-26utm-5Fsource-3Dlink-26utm-
> 5Fcampaign-3Dsig-2Demail-26utm-5Fcontent-3Dwebmail-
> 26utm-5Fterm-3Doa-2D3108-2Db&d=DwICAg&c=y2w-uYmhgFWijp_IQN0DhA&r=
> rfgiQklC3jO4kKwvXusj8V24nTIJGPVnN6zzyMmkk4w&m=DdJ_x9-pZbWX6iu3bdKegl1spe-
> Bu5nlaZRM9qKq0Jk&s=62XW9dXIS8_9z2n_4jVqf_EK4kVIJGZ4ZJ7C8VeX6CA&e= >
> Virus-free.
> www.avast.com<http://www.avast.com>
> <https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-
> 3A__www.avast.com_en-2Dus_lp-2Dsafe-2Demailing-2D3108-2Db-
> 3Futm-5Fmedium-3Demail-26utm-5Fsource-3Dlink-26utm-
> 5Fcampaign-3Dsig-2Demail-26utm-5Fcontent-3Dwebmail-
> 26utm-5Fterm-3Doa-2D3108-2Db&d=DwICAg&c=y2w-uYmhgFWijp_IQN0DhA&r=
> rfgiQklC3jO4kKwvXusj8V24nTIJGPVnN6zzyMmkk4w&m=DdJ_x9-pZbWX6iu3bdKegl1spe-
> Bu5nlaZRM9qKq0Jk&s=62XW9dXIS8_9z2n_4jVqf_EK4kVIJGZ4ZJ7C8VeX6CA&e= >
> <#DAB4FAD8-2DD7-40BB-A1B8-4E2AA1F9FDF2>
>
>
> ------------------------------
>
> Message: 4
> Date: Sat, 3 Jun 2017 05:13:42 +0000
> From: "Sheppard, Charles" <Charles.Sheppard at warwick.ac.uk>
> Subject: [Coral-List] New open access illustrated account of corals of
>         the Chagos atolls, Indian Ocean
> To: "coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov" <coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
> Message-ID:
>         <AM4PR01MB19087095F732CEF99ABCE9C2D1F40 at AM4PR01MB1908.
> eurprd01.prod..exchangelabs.com>
>
> Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1"
>
> A new account of all known corals from the mid Indian Ocean Chagos atolls
> can be found at
> https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__
> chagosinformationportal.org_corals&d=DwICAg&c=y2w-uYmhgFWijp_IQN0DhA&r=
> rfgiQklC3jO4kKwvXusj8V24nTIJGPVnN6zzyMmkk4w&m=DdJ_x9-pZbWX6iu3bdKegl1spe-
> Bu5nlaZRM9qKq0Jk&s=r5IatHjHJO2OHPiVycO6FDy-egioqKnRLxDboXf749Y&e=
>
> Photos (a couple of thousand in total) illustrate each of about 300
> species that have been found there.  A handful appear to be undescribed.
> This has been prepared by myself with Doug Fenner and Anne Sheppard.  As
> with all coral taxonomy, this is a work which is 'in progress' so any
> feedback is welcomed.
>
> Best wishes
> Charles Sheppard
>
>
>
>
> ------------------------------
>
> Message: 5
> Date: Mon, 5 Jun 2017 08:48:24 +1000
> From: Gerrit Nanninga <gerrit.nanninga at gmx.net>
> Subject: [Coral-List] session invitation ECRS 2017: larval dispersal
> To: coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
> Message-ID:
>         <CAAFqMKW9ZahTS5ChShVYjshCRuLc3sjTR70hWFZGUiAz-z4hhQ at mail.
> gmail.com>
> Content-Type: text/plain; charset="UTF-8"
>
> Dear colleagues,
>
> I invite you to consider submitting an abstract to session number ?16
> "PROXIMATE AND EVOLUTIONARY CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES OF LARVAL DISPERSAL IN
> CORAL REEF SEASCAPES" to be held at the European Coral Reef Symposium,
> 13-15 Dec 2017, University of Oxford, UK.
>
> Session abstract:
> ?The degree of larval connectivity between spatially segregated
> sub-populations has critical consequences for a species? evolution,
> population dynamics, geographic range and resilience toward disturbance.
> Due to the inherent difficulty of tracking minute larvae in a vast and
> dynamic ocean, however, larval dispersal remains an enigmatic process.
> Relatively recent methodological advances have enabled us to estimate
> patterns of connectivity over a range of spatio-temporal scales in a
> variety of coral reef organisms. The emergent paradigm from this research
> is that populations may be much less open than commonly believed only a
> decade ago. While the majority of settlement appears to take place close to
> the spawning site, some larvae do travel enormous distances. The proximate
> causes (e.g. phenotype-environment interactions) and evolutionary
> consequences (e.g. population structure) of such intra-specific variability
> in dispersal strategies constitute a relatively recent, yet crucial field
> of investigation with important ramifications for dispersal modelling and
> reserve network design. Larval dispersal is inherently a multidisciplinary
> field of research, attracting geneticists, statisticians and modellers,
> behavioural ecologists, physiologists and eventually conservationists
> dealing with spatial management of threatened coastal resources. The
> primary target audience comprises ecologists working on any aspect of
> larval dispersal, ranging from population genetics over larval behaviour to
> the prediction of dispersal pathways using coupled biophysical models.
>
> Online submissions for oral and poster presentations are open until 30 June
> 2017 at: https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__www.
> reefconservationuk.co.uk_abstract-2Dsubmission.html&d=
> DwICAg&c=y2w-uYmhgFWijp_IQN0DhA&r=rfgiQklC3jO4kKwvXusj8V24nTIJGP
> VnN6zzyMmkk4w&m=DdJ_x9-pZbWX6iu3bdKegl1spe-Bu5nlaZRM9qKq0Jk&s=
> rD6UqpaTnHpqOg4YjlqsBFmX2S3Gyn86G_mynxkFzB8&e=
>
> Conference details and programme:
> https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__www.
> reefconservationuk.co.uk_ecrs-2D2017.html&d=DwICAg&c=y2w-
> uYmhgFWijp_IQN0DhA&r=rfgiQklC3jO4kKwvXusj8V24nTIJGPVnN6zzyMmkk4w&m=DdJ_x9-
> pZbWX6iu3bdKegl1spe-Bu5nlaZRM9qKq0Jk&s=bL0cVUcMaHoQc-H_ra0ipwKqk0T-
> dhMiLbdkXca-sF4&e=
>
> <https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-
> 3A__www.reefconservationuk.co.uk_ecrs-2D2017.html&d=DwICAg&
> c=y2w-uYmhgFWijp_IQN0DhA&r=rfgiQklC3jO4kKwvXusj8V24nTIJGP
> VnN6zzyMmkk4w&m=DdJ_x9-pZbWX6iu3bdKegl1spe-Bu5nlaZRM9qKq0Jk&s=
> bL0cVUcMaHoQc-H_ra0ipwKqk0T-dhMiLbdkXca-sF4&e= >Registration:
> Early registration closes 15 Sep, standard registration closes 13 Oct.
>
> We look forward to receiving your submissions and seeing you in Oxford!
>
> Gerrit B. Nanninga
> For queries contact me at: gbn23 at cam.ac.uk
>
>
> ------------------------------
>
> Message: 6
> Date: Mon, 5 Jun 2017 09:41:18 +0800
> From: Maarten De Brauwer <maarten.debrauwer at gmail.com>
> Subject: Re: [Coral-List] Reef tourism
> To: Mark Spalding <mark at mdspalding.co.uk>
> Cc: coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
> Message-ID:
>         <CAH5qNfLf5saExeyYhCYWT5p+vBxCSDoJzD3EXrpMCOSFstezyA@
> mail.gmail.com>
> Content-Type: text/plain; charset="UTF-8"
>
> Hi Mark,
> thanks for sharing this really interesting study. I definitely agree that
> tourism can be a positive force for the oceans...if managed properly. I
> would like to add something to this paper, namely that there also is an
> increasing amount of tourism that does not rely on coral reefs, but focuses
> on soft sediment habitats instead.
>
> We recently published a paper in Marine Policy showing that dive tourism
> focusing on cryptobenthic fauna on soft sediment habitats is worth more
> then $150 million per year. While this is only a fraction of the value of
> reef diving, it does show that habitats perceived to have low diversity and
> the small animals that live in them can have a very high value as well.
>
> The paper is behind a paywall, so I am providing a link to a general public
> friendly summary as well as the original paper.
>
> General public summary:
> https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__
> crittersresearch.com_2017_06_02_new-2Dpublication-2Dbig-
> 2Dbucks-2Dfor-2Dsmall-2Dcritters_&d=DwICAg&c=y2w-uYmhgFWijp_IQN0DhA&r=
> rfgiQklC3jO4kKwvXusj8V24nTIJGPVnN6zzyMmkk4w&m=DdJ_x9-pZbWX6iu3bdKegl1spe-
> Bu5nlaZRM9qKq0Jk&s=hslgglbK5O_rFafdckq9ueXUcUKavSGYB31wIlitdvE&e=
>
> Peer reviewed paper:
> https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__www.
> sciencedirect.com_science_article_pii_S0308597X17300581&
> d=DwICAg&c=y2w-uYmhgFWijp_IQN0DhA&r=rfgiQklC3jO4kKwvXusj8V24nTIJGP
> VnN6zzyMmkk4w&m=DdJ_x9-pZbWX6iu3bdKegl1spe-Bu5nlaZRM9qKq0Jk&s=r_
> nU8ZbD7XAej-ljomSbCrdvMeSomzpzcHScbgQMwvQ&e=
>
>
> Cheers,
> Maarten De Brauwer
>
> PhD candidate | Fish Ecology Lab
> https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__
> crittersresearch.com&d=DwICAg&c=y2w-uYmhgFWijp_IQN0DhA&r=
> rfgiQklC3jO4kKwvXusj8V24nTIJGPVnN6zzyMmkk4w&m=DdJ_x9-pZbWX6iu3bdKegl1spe-
> Bu5nlaZRM9qKq0Jk&s=xLxSQl-qY1gPaW_iTuLRsyT0Il7V-Gmjd7Pvy5gS2bM&e=
> Department of Environment and Agriculture | School of Science
>
> Curtin University
> Email | maarten.debrauwer at curtin.edu.au
> Web | https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__curtin.
> edu.au&d=DwICAg&c=y2w-uYmhgFWijp_IQN0DhA&r=rfgiQklC3jO4kKwvXusj8V24nTIJGP
> VnN6zzyMmkk4w&m=DdJ_x9-pZbWX6iu3bdKegl1spe-Bu5nlaZRM9qKq0Jk&s=
> ThtbybKqnXcGzh0ggvwMZSGFH8s3iKnjacNrbN14t2Q&e=
>
> 2017-05-30 15:48 GMT+08:00 Mark Spalding <mark at mdspalding.co.uk>:
>
> > Coral reef tourism can be a threat and a promise. In a new study we've
> > managed to map in quite some detail the spatial distribution of visitors
> > (70
> > million a year) and spending ($36 Billion per year). Some 30% of the
> > world's
> > reefs are generating tourism value. We distinguish between on-reef
> tourism
> > ($19.5B), which is the fairly well appreciated aspect of diving,
> > snorkelling
> > and glass-bottomed boats and "reef adjacent tourism" ($16.3B) which is
> the
> > often-overlooked value of calm, clear waters, superlative views, white
> sand
> > etc.
> >
> > https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__www.
> sciencedirect.com_science_article_pii_S0308597X17300635&
> d=DwICAg&c=y2w-uYmhgFWijp_IQN0DhA&r=rfgiQklC3jO4kKwvXusj8V24nTIJGP
> VnN6zzyMmkk4w&m=DdJ_x9-pZbWX6iu3bdKegl1spe-Bu5nlaZRM9qKq0Jk&s=
> FYvIjanytSIXLKKJI8EYfHAaiiSLM0Sid7nE3Il5Mrk&e=  (open
> > access)
> >
> >
> >
> > The work just won a Tourism for Tomorrow prize
> > https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__www.
> wttc.org_tourism-2Dfor-2Dtomorrow-2Dawards_winners-
> 2D&d=DwICAg&c=y2w-uYmhgFWijp_IQN0DhA&r=rfgiQklC3jO4kKwvXusj8V24nTIJGP
> VnN6zzyMmkk4w&m=DdJ_x9-pZbWX6iu3bdKegl1spe-Bu5nlaZRM9qKq0Jk&s=
> GJig8gw88lhyS1dYuxJa8L-Moc5ODjKyG3-T2GGLCIE&e=
> > and-finalists-2017/
> > .. The data can also be explored at https://urldefense.proofpoint.
> com/v2/url?u=https-3A__maps.oceanwealth.org&d=DwICAg&c=
> y2w-uYmhgFWijp_IQN0DhA&r=rfgiQklC3jO4kKwvXusj8V24nTIJGP
> VnN6zzyMmkk4w&m=DdJ_x9-pZbWX6iu3bdKegl1spe-Bu5nlaZRM9qKq0Jk&s=
> YvS9fdkTYyA0i4um6jrSXeSsfgLycGkEjDlJQ4YTyEc&e=
> >
> >
> >
> > My feeling is that some tourism has the potential to be a force for good,
> > and in a few places it already is. By raising awareness of reef
> dependence
> > in the travel sector (the world's largest industry!) we hope to
> encourage a
> > greater taking of responsibility, not just by a few niche (and excellent)
> > resorts, but by a much broader part of the sector.
> >
> >
> >
> > Hope it's of interest?
> >
> >
> >
> > Mark Spalding
> >
> >
> >
> > Mark D Spalding, PhD
> >
> > Senior Marine Scientist, Global Ocean Team, The Nature Conservancy
> >
> >    Chief Science Advisor to the Government of the British Indian Ocean
> > Territory
> >
> >    Honorary Research Fellow, Department of Zoology, University of
> Cambridge
> >
> > Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of
> > Siena, Italy
> >
> > E: mspalding at tnc.org <mailto:mspalding at tnc.org>
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> > _______________________________________________
> > Coral-List mailing list
> > Coral-List at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
> > https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__coral.
> aoml.noaa.gov_mailman_listinfo_coral-2Dlist&d=DwICAg&c=y2w-uYmhgFWijp_
> IQN0DhA&r=rfgiQklC3jO4kKwvXusj8V24nTIJGPVnN6zzyMmkk4w&m=DdJ_x9-
> pZbWX6iu3bdKegl1spe-Bu5nlaZRM9qKq0Jk&s=sqTbQwiuLZH7z5QRAzYkvD0n7c7c_
> e4-Z_lzpXpf6So&e=
> >
>
>
> ------------------------------
>
> Message: 7
> Date: Mon, 5 Jun 2017 05:46:22 +0000
> From: K-le Gomez-Cabrera <klegomez at uq.edu.au>
> Subject: [Coral-List] Postdoctoral Research position in Quantitative
>         Ecology at UQ
> To: "coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov" <coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
> Message-ID: <cd571c0d2532459ebf251f59f4934a11 at uq-exmbx5.soe.uq.edu.au>
> Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
>
> The Marine Palaeoecology Lab at the University of Queensland is looking
> for a Postdoctoral Research Fellow in Quantitative Ecology. We are seeking
> candidates with postdoctoral research interests in the long-term ecological
> dynamics of biological communities. The successful applicant will conduct
> empirical research into understanding the long-term ecological dynamics of
> reef coral communities using multiple large data sets at multiple temporal
> scales. As part of the Marine Palaeoecology Lab in the School of Biological
> Sciences and the ARC Centre of Excellence, the position duties are
> primarily related to the implementation of novel quantitative techniques
> applicable to time-series data that test fundamental ecological hypotheses
> in community ecology. To see full description of the position and
> application details follow the link below:
>
>
> https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__jobs.uq.
> edu.au_caw_en_job_500700_postdoctoral-2Dresearch-
> 2Dfellow-2Din-2Dquantitative-2Decology&d=DwICAg&c=y2w-
> uYmhgFWijp_IQN0DhA&r=rfgiQklC3jO4kKwvXusj8V24nTIJGPVnN6zzyMmkk4w&m=DdJ_x9-
> pZbWX6iu3bdKegl1spe-Bu5nlaZRM9qKq0Jk&s=LvGMDKTysshbegxChOmRSTxWCPMXj6
> 8lSKgrIitLj7c&e=
>
>
> Thanks,
>
> K-le
>
> ************************************************************
> *******************
> Dr Maria del Carmen (K-le) Gomez Cabrera
> Marine Palaeoecology Lab.
> School of Biological Sciences
> The University of Queensland, QLD 4072
> Australia
> Ph: +61 7 3365 7262 / Fax: +61 7 3365 4755
> Visit marinepalaeoecology.org<https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/
> v2/url?u=http-3A__www.marinepalaeoecology.org_&d=DwICAg&c=y2w-uYmhgFWijp_
> IQN0DhA&r=rfgiQklC3jO4kKwvXusj8V24nTIJGPVnN6zzyMmkk4w&m=DdJ_x9-
> pZbWX6iu3bdKegl1spe-Bu5nlaZRM9qKq0Jk&s=ZOwubB-
> GGBRO67HwaLSxcetB-GNLR4R7kxL-MX79h-Q&e= >
> Visit www.australiancoralreefsociety.org<https://urldefense.
> proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__www.australiancoralreefsociety.
> org_&d=DwICAg&c=y2w-uYmhgFWijp_IQN0DhA&r=rfgiQklC3jO4kKwvXusj8V24nTIJGP
> VnN6zzyMmkk4w&m=DdJ_x9-pZbWX6iu3bdKegl1spe-Bu5nlaZRM9qKq0Jk&s=
> Gar19JyK8I12zNP_PIQaWepWqhTTSiivJa4PHbalZes&e=<http://www.
> australiancoralreefsociety.org<https://urldefense.
> proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__www.australiancoralreefsociety.
> org_&d=DwICAg&c=y2w-uYmhgFWijp_IQN0DhA&r=rfgiQklC3jO4kKwvXusj8V24nTIJGP
> VnN6zzyMmkk4w&m=DdJ_x9-pZbWX6iu3bdKegl1spe-Bu5nlaZRM9qKq0Jk&s=
> Gar19JyK8I12zNP_PIQaWepWqhTTSiivJa4PHbalZes&e=> >
>
> "The trouble with fiction... is that it makes too much sense. Reality
> never makes sense" - Aldoux Huxley
>
>
>
> ------------------------------
>
> _______________________________________________
> Coral-List mailing list
> Coral-List at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
> https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__coral.
> aoml.noaa.gov_mailman_listinfo_coral-2Dlist&d=DwICAg&c=y2w-uYmhgFWijp_
> IQN0DhA&r=rfgiQklC3jO4kKwvXusj8V24nTIJGPVnN6zzyMmkk4w&m=DdJ_x9-
> pZbWX6iu3bdKegl1spe-Bu5nlaZRM9qKq0Jk&s=sqTbQwiuLZH7z5QRAzYkvD0n7c7c_
> e4-Z_lzpXpf6So&e=
>
> End of Coral-List Digest, Vol 106, Issue 4
> ******************************************
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> Coral-List at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
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>

-- 
______________________________________________________

Juan Pablo D'Olivo Cordero

UWA SEE
Research Associate
juan.dolivocordero at uwa.edu.au