[Coral-List] Origin of corals and long-distance larval dispersal (Coral-List Digest, Vol 148, Issue 13)
Risk, Michael
riskmj at mcmaster.ca
Wed Dec 16 22:31:18 UTC 2020
Hi Curt, colleagues.
While we are on the subject, let's not forget Sammarco's Helix
Experiment
[1]https://aslopubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.4319/lo.1989.34.
5.0896
Great title (helical settling plate arrays around Helix Reef), great
results: most corals settle near their mommies.
This paper also contained a clue as to the most cost-effective way of
replanting reefs: instead of armies of divers cementing down nubbins,
grow the larvae in the lab, release a kajillion of them in an eddy just
when they are ready to settle. For the life of me I cannot understand
why this has not been widely adopted.
Mike
__________________________________________________________________
From: Coral-List <coral-list-bounces at coral.aoml.noaa.gov> on behalf of
Storlazzi, Curt D via Coral-List <coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Sent: Wednesday, December 16, 2020 2:03 PM
To: coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov <coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Cc: Storlazzi, Curt D <cstorlazzi at usgs.gov>
Subject: [Coral-List] Origin of corals and long-distance larval
dispersal (Coral-List Digest, Vol 148, Issue 13)
Colleagues,
Figuring out the problem of relatively short coral larval settling
times limiting large-scale dispersal ("The life times of coral
eggs/sperm drifting across the Pacific are much shorter than the time
it takes to get there") that is necessary to define biogeographic
patterns across the Pacific Ocean was figured out a third of a century
ago by a great scientist who took some basic observations and crossed
disciplines to prove how it's done....as Paul would have probably said,
"they're just lazing around, riding rafts" :^)
See:
Jokiel, P.L. (1984) "Long distance dispersal of reef corals by rafting"
Coral Reefs, v. 3, p. 113-116.
Jokiel, P.L. (1989) "Rafting of reef corals and other organisms at
Kwajalein Atoll" Marine Biology, v. 101, p. 483-493.
Jokiel, P.L. (1990) "Transport of reef corals into the Great Barrier
Reef" Nature, v. 347, p. 665-667.
Jokiel, P.L. (1990) "Long distance dispersal by rafting: Re-emergence
of an old hypothesis" Endeavour, v. 14(2), p. 66-73.
This reminds me of the discussion of a few moons ago on Coral List
regarding the new paper on the formation of atolls....seems we lose
track of - if not just never learned - what has already been done.
Curt
---------------------------------------------------
Curt D. Storlazzi, Ph.D.
U.S. Geological Survey
Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
2885 Mission Street
Santa Cruz, CA 95060
[2]https://www.usgs.gov/staff-profiles/curt-d-storlazzi
________________________________
Message: 5
Date: Tue, 15 Dec 2020 16:27:31 -0500
From: Melbourne Briscoe <mel at briscoe.com>
To: Douglas Fenner <douglasfennertassi at gmail.com>
Cc: Coral-List <Coral-List at coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Re: [Coral-List] Origin of Corals?
Message-ID:
<CAB9+t_Cm1d6gK9Hj4xsAG5LibVEnJRWgxbM3o+49C5t+Vv4xjg at mail.gmail.com>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="UTF-8"
Thanks for this, Doug. I guess no one else wants to weigh in! It also
seems
like no one wants to apply a little critical thinking to some of those
dozen theories. For example, your last paragraph mentions a "vortex
theory." If it has been assessed, and discarded, I'm not surprised. The
life times of coral eggs/sperm drifting across the Pacific are much
shorter
than the time it takes to get there. I can only see the abstract, but
the
methodology is not compelling.
- Mel
On Sat, Dec 12, 2020 at 4:39 PM Douglas Fenner
<douglasfennertassi at gmail.com>
wrote:
> There are about a dozen theories for the marine biogeographic pattern
with
> the center of diversity in the Coral Triangle. I'm not up on the
current
> state of this, so I'll let others speak to it and will be interested
in
> what they say. However, it just so happens that Science just
published an
> article that appears to me to be relevant, even though it is about
birds
> and not corals.
>
> Diversity hotspots: coldspots of speciation?
>
[3]https://gcc02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsc
ience.sciencemag.org%2Fcontent%2F370%2F6522%2F1268&data=04%7C01%7Cc
storlazzi%40usgs.gov%7Cde3be98e9fc84271030008d8a1ee4495%7C0693b5ba4b184
d7b9341f32f400a5494%7C0%7C0%7C637437392060524917%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3
d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C
1000&sdata=sUAl3TF7aAckTPDowNiuX4C%2BUTwieU1P8hns1HtWY0Y%3D&res
erved=0
>
<[4]https://gcc02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fs
cience.sciencemag.org%2Fcontent%2F370%2F6522%2F1268%3Futm_campaign%3Dto
c_sci-mag_2020-12-10%26et_rid%3D17045989%26et_cid%3D3593354&data=04
%7C01%7Ccstorlazzi%40usgs.gov%7Cde3be98e9fc84271030008d8a1ee4495%7C0693
b5ba4b184d7b9341f32f400a5494%7C0%7C0%7C637437392060524917%7CUnknown%7CT
WFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6
Mn0%3D%7C1000&sdata=6PJzgh3Yqs2fwMTUU1LcQ0tbsZdcyyd9ovcrOD1ETQY%3D&
amp;reserved=0>
>
> The evolution of a tropical biodiversity hotspot
>
[5]https://gcc02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsc
ience.sciencemag.org%2Fcontent%2F370%2F6522%2F1343&data=04%7C01%7Cc
storlazzi%40usgs.gov%7Cde3be98e9fc84271030008d8a1ee4495%7C0693b5ba4b184
d7b9341f32f400a5494%7C0%7C0%7C637437392060534873%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3
d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C
1000&sdata=1vWolDvd5RtqpAueHzojro%2FcqQ2Is1SkgDBtFXR7Ero%3D&res
erved=0
>
> I believe that this is the opposite pattern to have been reported in
the
> first publication to report the diversity pattern for corals (at the
genus
> level), Stehli and Wells, 1971. They reported that coral genera in
> high-diversity areas were younger than in lower diversity areas.
>
> Theories of why corals show this pattern have been very difficult to
> test. Veron 2000 shows the current map for coral species, genera,
and
> families, might also be on his website,
[6]https://gcc02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww
.coralsoftheworld.org%2F&data=04%7C01%7Ccstorlazzi%40usgs.gov%7Cde3
be98e9fc84271030008d8a1ee4495%7C0693b5ba4b184d7b9341f32f400a5494%7C0%7C
0%7C637437392060534873%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQ
IjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C1000&sdata=5VmvnfEw8a%
2BZ8u%2BV8iOJfvegXwSA9ilY%2FsGHOSynnws%3D&reserved=0 Fish
> show the same pattern as shown in Figure 14-11 on page 308 in
Goldberg's
> text on coral reefs, based on data from Gerry Allen. Chuck Birkeland
> pointed out that echinoderms show a similar pattern, in his 1989 book
> chapter on "The influence of echinoderms on coral-reef communities."
He
> shows in his Table 1 the data for each class of echinoderms
separately, at
> 10 locations, a very strong pattern for every class. Take a look at
this
> chapter, it is an education on echinoderms on reefs.
>
> One interesting idea was that of the "vortex model", that westward
flowing
> currents in the Pacific carried newly evolved coral species westward,
> causing them to accumulate in the western Pacific area of highest
> diversity. Jokeil & Martinelli, 1992. There was also a similar
study that
> modeled the effect of the large number of islands and reefs
concentrated in
> the western Pacific vs the very sparse reefs in the eastern Pacific,
and
> reported that was sufficient to produce the pattern on its own as
well. I
> never found that publication, does anybody know it?
>
> Cheers, Doug
>
> Birkeland 1989. The influence of echinoderms on coral-reef
communities.
>
>
[7]https://gcc02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fww
w.researchgate.net%2Fprofile%2FCharles_Birkeland%2Fpublication%2F284657
222_The_influence_of_echinoderms_on_coral-reef_communities%2Flinks%2F56
b4c6d308aebbde1a7793c7.pdf&data=04%7C01%7Ccstorlazzi%40usgs.gov%7Cd
e3be98e9fc84271030008d8a1ee4495%7C0693b5ba4b184d7b9341f32f400a5494%7C0%
7C0%7C637437392060534873%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLC
JQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C1000&sdata=RnYe2%2Bm
rHkTgJkmBAwYTfBBs2SZU%2F%2FLNtiigzYzlf%2F8%3D&reserved=0
>
> Goldberg. 2013. The biology of reefs and reef organisms. Univ
> Chicago Press
>
> Jokiel & Martinelli. 1992. The vortex model of coral reef
biogeography.
> Journal of Biogeography.
>
[8]https://gcc02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fww
w.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fpdf%2F2845572.pdf&data=04%7C01%7Ccstorlazzi%
40usgs.gov%7Cde3be98e9fc84271030008d8a1ee4495%7C0693b5ba4b184d7b9341f32
f400a5494%7C0%7C0%7C637437392060534873%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoi
MC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C1000&s
data=%2FJ30eEUjraOT%2Bg5X5%2FbzXD5eLv0EgqCJd41Pw3fJN3Y%3D&reserved=
0
>
> Stehli and Wells. 1971. Diversity and age patterns in hermatypic
> corals.
>
[9]https://gcc02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fcit
eseerx.ist.psu.edu%2Fviewdoc%2Fdownload&data=04%7C01%7Ccstorlazzi%4
0usgs.gov%7Cde3be98e9fc84271030008d8a1ee4495%7C0693b5ba4b184d7b9341f32f
400a5494%7C0%7C0%7C637437392060534873%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiM
C4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C1000&sd
ata=QPLyZ7TEGZ2%2BP7sR%2BnmyaELh7An7bM70BBlVUFXtDSg%3D&reserved=0
>
> On Sat, Dec 12, 2020 at 6:44 AM Melbourne Briscoe via Coral-List <
> coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov> wrote:
>
>> What is the currently accepted theory for the global distribution of
>> corals?
>> Is it still the "spreading from the epicenter in the Coral Triangle"
as I
>> learned many years ago or is there a more accepted idea today?
>> thanks -
>> - Mel Briscoe
>> _______________________________________________
>> Coral-List mailing list
>> Coral-List at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
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>
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References
1. https://aslopubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.4319/lo.1989.34.5.0896
2. https://www.usgs.gov/staff-profiles/curt-d-storlazzi
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