[Coral-List] Reminder - Sign On: Science Community Letter for Florida Keys Restoration

Steve Gittings - NOAA Federal steve.gittings at noaa.gov
Tue Jan 28 14:03:20 UTC 2020


Phil, in a lot of ways I wish we lived in world where those drastic
measures could happen. They would almost certainly work. But the American
public, including Congress, won’t accept them, despite expert opinion and
testimony.

Sent from my iPhone

On Jan 28, 2020, at 1:08 AM, Dustan, Phillip <DustanP at cofc.edu> wrote:


Steve,
 Your comments are laughable; seriously laughable. For years the same old
problem has been expressed by NOAA- How are we supposed to do what? Isn't
that you job as NOAA?
Well, use  the good science to figure out what needs to be done and simply
do it if  the mandate is to protect the reefs.

 Twenty years ago, or earlier, we all said the Keys needed a good sewer
system. I  think I testified to the Senate Subcommittee on Oceans circa
1999 "that everything that comes down in a pipe should go back in a pipe."
But instead we get an expensive system that injects nutrients right into
the path of water flow to the reefs - TOTALLY IGNORING THE SCIENCE!

We argued earlier that there should be large no-take zones and we get a
system that still allows fishing almost everywhere except a few postage
stamp sized areas.........even spearfishing using SCUBA which is illegal
almost everywhere else in the world.

My colleagues and I created a monitoring system that detected a 38% loss of
coral cover and 400% increase in coral disease spread and what happened? -
NOAA and  Florida lowered the statistical rigor of  the project in a number
of ways so as to preclude detecting change...........We knew by 2000 that
the real loss of living coral cover was  around 90% instead of  38% but
NOAA refused to acknowledge the facts.

I watched NOAA allow the release of massive amounts of water into Florida
Bay in the mid 1990's  followed by dramatic increases in coral disease  a
few years after. THE BEST SCIENCE OF THE DAY  told Billy Causey NOT to
release the water but his "experts" over-ruled the data.

Development on land has proceeded virtually unbridled since the 1980's, and
the list goes on and on and on.
I am negative because I have observed the the fallacious/incompetent
"management" of the Florida Keys  by Federal and State Agencies,
principally NOAA since 1975!

I have  watched the destruction of an ecosystem I dearly love and much of
it has been orchestrated by "managers" who refuse to recognize the facts
time after time: ecological principles cannot be bent as though they are
political constructs.
 But the managing agencies refused to recognize that the very adaptations
that  allow corals to flourish and reefs to grow made them vulnerable to
human impacts over many scales. And you want us to believe that 98 million
dollars can be used to to simply put Humpty Dumpty back together again by
planting frags when the system has lost its ecological integrity  and being
overwhelmed by bioerosion.

  Please give me a break Steve.

 If NOAA is serious about  coral reef restoration then begin with a few of
the basics to restore the habitat:
Fix the water quality- stop pumping nutrient-laden water into the
environment.
Remove land-based sourced of pollution.
Stop taking all live organisms from the system - as in fishing and other
forms of harvest to let stocks reach natural levels once again.
Begin high level reduction of atmospheric CO2.
Regrow stock of *Diadema antillarum* to increase levels of herbivory.

Phil

------------------------------
*From:* Steve Gittings - NOAA Federal <steve.gittings at noaa.gov>
*Sent:* Monday, January 27, 2020 11:09 AM
*To:* Dustan, Phillip <DustanP at cofc.edu>
*Cc:* Shannon Colbert <shannon at marinesanctuary.org>; Sarah Fangman <
Sarah.Fangman at noaa.gov>; Coral List <coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
*Subject:* Re: [Coral-List] Reminder - Sign On: Science Community Letter
for Florida Keys Restoration

CAUTION: This email originated from outside of the organization. Do not
click links or open attachments unless you recognize the sender and know
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Phil - You very considered response has a lot of legitimate concerns, no
question about it.  And a lot of people involved in planning for
restoration have expressed the same thoughts.  But like a lot of the
comments I've seen coming in on the draft management, I'm disappointed that
it is entirely negative, without suggestions for ways that the water
quality improvements that you correctly raise should be addressed.  You say
that the money planned for restoration would be better spent on measures to
return water quality to oligotrophic conditions.  But under what authority
and mechanisms might this be accomplished?  If we can't answer that, then
how is the sanctuary supposed to respond?

I hope you don't take this as a criticism for what it is in your letter,
but more a frustration that negativity alone provides ammunition for others
who have other motives to inhibit action, and leaves the sanctuary without
constructive, specific suggestions that could change the priorities of the
management plan.

Steve

On Mon, Jan 27, 2020 at 10:45 AM Phil Dustan via Coral-List <
coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov> wrote:

Dear Shannon and Coral Listers,
 I finally decided to add my two cents, not that I think it will change any
of the wheels that are turning towards another attemp to manage a coral
reef system. I think echos of Clive Wilkerson are appropriate here, "We
can't manage reefs, only people".
  Phil


                                            January 24, 2020



Sara Fangman

Sanctuary Superintendent

Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary

33 East Quay Road

Key West, FL 33040

And



Shannon (Yee) Colbert
Policy and Conservation Director
National Marine Sanctuary Foundation
8601 Georgia Avenue, Suite 510
Silver Spring, MD 20910



Re: Docket Number NOAA-NOS-2019-0094



Dear Ms. Fangman and Colbert,



As a research scientist who has studied the ecology of the Florida Keys
since 1974, one of the creators of the USEAP Florida Keys Coral Reef
Monitoring Project in 1994-2000, former Science Advisor of the Cousteau
Society, and an academician for 38years, I would like to add my scientific
opinion to the discussion.



The plan to restore some of the most well-known reefs is the Florida Keys
is a failed project before it begins.  It will generate millions of dollars
in funding for programs, and will generate a lot of publicity, but it will
not accomplish the fundamental task of coral reef restoration in the
Florida Keys. This is because the ecological conditions necessary for
vibrant coral reefs do not exist in the Keys anymore This is why they have
receded and are now less than 1-2% of what they were in the 1970’s when we
began to track their change. The simple fact of the matter is that the
ecological condition that enable reefs to flourish make them vulnerable to
humans including: low nutrients, high sunlight, low sediments, high rates
of herbivory, low rates of removal, high fish biomass, low rates of human
physical destruction. From a systems point-of-view both terrestrial and
marine systems must be operating at peak efficiency with respect to
nutrient cycling and retention.  They are biologically accommodated
communities of the highest order and cannot be “restored” by simply adding
coral. This is hubris of the highest order, a brash form of scientific
malpractice.



Land development in the Florida Keys, South Florida, and much or the United
States that drains into the Gulf of Mexico also inhibits the development of
reefs in the Florida Keys as well as South Florida. Land-based effluent is
a toxic mix of metabolic inhibitors, poisons, oxygen-sucking BOD,
microorganisms, and geological sediments so as to preclude healthy
conditions for reefs in the region. People point to the Dry Tortugas as a
success story but in fact, those reefs, since monitored in the 1970’s, have
probably lost 25-50% of their living coral.



The heterotrophic structure of the water column now supports higher levels
of bioerosion to the extent that the reef substrate is decreasing in
volume! Reefs require oligotrophic condition for long term vitality. Water
quality must be improved before any serious long-term restoration should be
considered. Much of the degradation is a product of local, regional, and
national land development. The State of Florida exudes hundreds of millions
of gallons of polluted runoff and sewage with various level of treatment.
This nutrient and carbon laden watershed effluent preclude the development
of healthy reefs along the coastlines of Florida and the Florida Keys. To
be sure, the technology exists to clean it up, but the political will
refuses to understand the importance over commerce and profit.



 Furthermore, the “conservation practices” that have been instituted by the
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuaries have mostly failed.  No-take zone
were so small as to be useless; spearfishing and commercial fishing is
still allowed throughout much of the entire Keys; commercial sport diving
operations have resulted in reef trampling that eclipses the damage done in
many national parks on land. Commercial interests have reigned supreme with
merely mild lip service granted to the ecological rights of reefs.
Sanctuary Programs have done almost nothing to curtail the downward spiral
of reefs since the 1970’s. The management programs allowed commercial
interests to swamp ecological concerns, the expensive sewer system may have
improved nearshore bacterial counts but has not stopped the flow of
nutrients to the reef as treated effluent is being pumping into the path of
tidal pumping as noted by the work of Gene Shinn and his colleagues.



This list of ecological issues could go on and on but I feel that I have
made my point without even bringing up increasing atmospheric carbon
dioxide levels. To think that it is possible to reestablish a coral reef
community in the midst of the catastrophic environmental degradation still
underway in the Keys is fallacy. To throw tens of millions of critical
dollars in to mix is near criminal. The funds could be used to further
restore water quality, curtail land-based sources of pollution, and begin
to move commerce out of the Florida Keys. Were the requisite ecological
conditions met, the reefs would initiate their own restoration faster,
stronger, and more widespread than humanly possible. But this requires a
nature-based approach, not the *glorious, shining top-down, plant it and
they will grow approach* being proposed.  Just like any farmer planning a
crop, the planting conditions must be prepared beforehand before the
seedlings are set.



While I like the idea of restoring the Florida Keys Reefs and would, almost
more than anything else, love to see the reefs once again attain their
luxuriance, I am sorry to say that this project will not begin accomplish
that task.



Sincerely,



Phillip Dustan PhD FLS, College of Charleston, SC

Phil.dustan at gmail.com




On Tue, Jan 21, 2020 at 5:29 PM Shannon Colbert <shannon at marinesanctuary.org
>
wrote:

> CAUTION: This email originated from outside of the organization. Do not
> click links or open attachments unless you recognize the sender and know
> the content is safe.
>
> Hello again,
>
> I wanted to send a quick reminder, if you have not already done so...
>
> *Please consider signing on to this science community support letter to
> support the Florida Keys.* We need to have your voice heard!
>
> *To Sign On*: Send your first and last name, including degrees,
> affiliation, and organization/business name as it should appear on the
> letter signatures to Shannon Colbert (shannon at marinesanctuary.org).
*Deadline
> to Sign On: Wed, Jan 29. *
>
> If you have already signed on, please consider sharing this with other
> partners and colleagues for their support.
>
>   --
> Sincerely,
> *Shannon (Yee) Colbert*
> Policy and Conservation Director
>
> *National Marine Sanctuary Foundation*
> 8601 Georgia Avenue, Suite 510
> Silver Spring, MD 20910
> Office: 301-608-3040 x 304
> Cell: 202-870-0387
> Twitter: @MarineSanctuary | Facebook: /MarineSanctuary
>
> DISCOVER WONDER – learn more at www.MarineSanctuary.org
<https://nam03.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.marinesanctuary.org%2F&data=02%7C01%7Cdustanp%40cofc.edu%7C1b7378bf6dd240f900bf08d7a34346d0%7Ce285d438dbba4a4c941c593ba422deac%7C0%7C0%7C637157381663011212&sdata=Uo4Vk2kzIrtZMg72vf8IIuLOGIDQ7SOW9RjofCAswX4%3D&reserved=0>
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>
> -------------------------------------------------------------
>
> Hello Phillip,
>
> Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary is a national treasure and a
> hotspot of marine biodiversity. But, the threats to the Florida Keys’
> marine environment are greater than ever. Sound science needs to be the
> foundation of decision-making for adaptive management and restoration of
> the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary. The Florida Keys Restoration
> Blueprint
> <
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>
> offers an opportunity to address threats to the sanctuary, restore
> habitats, protect marine wildlife, and safeguard ecosystem services.
>
> *Sign our science community support letter (attached with some early sign
> ons) urging the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration to ensure
> that sound science underscores management decisions to protect and restore
> the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary. *Public comment is open until
> Jan 31, 2020.
>
> Please take the following actions to speak up and amplify support for the
> Florida Keys.
>
>
> *1. Sign On to this Science Community Letter: *Send your first and last
> name, including degrees, affiliation, and organization/business name as it
> should appear on the letter signatures to Shannon Colbert (
> shannon at marinesanctuary.org). *Deadline to Sign On: Wed, Jan 29. *
>
>
> *2. Use this Letter to Start Your Own Letter to Submit: *If you want to
> sign a letter of your own, please use this letter as a starting point and
> submit it directly to Regulations.gov (Docket Number NOAA-NOS-2019-0094)
> <
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>
> .
>
>
> *3. Share this Letter with Your Colleagues and Networks: *Share our
> letter in your own colleagues and partners and encourage them to sign on
> today. Feel free to use this email as a template.
>
> --
> Sincerely,
> *Shannon (Yee) Colbert*
> Policy and Conservation Director
>
> *National Marine Sanctuary Foundation*
> 8601 Georgia Avenue, Suite 510
> Silver Spring, MD 20910
> Office: 301-608-3040 x 304
> Cell: 202-870-0387
> Twitter: @MarineSanctuary | Facebook: /MarineSanctuary
>
> DISCOVER WONDER – learn more at www.MarineSanctuary.org
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> [image: beacon]
>


-- 
Phillip Dustan
Department of Biology
College of Charleston
Charleston SC  20401
Charleston SC
843 953 8086 (voice)
843-224-3321 (m)

"When we try to pick out anything by itself
we find that it is bound fast by a thousand invisible cords
that cannot be broken, to everything in the universe. "
*                                         John Muir 1869*
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-- 
Dr. Steve Gittings, Science Coordinator
NOAA Office of National Marine Sanctuaries
1305 East West Hwy., N/ORM62
Silver Spring, MD  20910
(240) 533-0708 (w), (301) 529-1854 (c)



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