[Coral-List] Dendrogyra
William Precht
william.precht at gmail.com
Tue Jun 1 17:39:37 UTC 2021
As many of you know - the journal Frontiers in Marine Science - Coral Reef
Section - is doing a special Research Topic on Stony coral tissue loss
disease (SCTLD) in the Caribbean.
Right now the two places where we have large gaps in contributions for this
Topic has been the onset and impacts of the disease in Belize and Roatan,
Honduras.
If anyone on the Coral list is doing research on SCTLD (or knows someone
that is) in these areas please contact me as soon as possible - your
contribution would be greatly appreciated and would help to tell the story
of this disease in the wider Caribbean.
Thanks,
Bill
On Tue, Jun 1, 2021 at 9:25 AM Nohora Galvis via Coral-List <
coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov> wrote:
> Dr. Ken Mattes, Belize Tropical Research & Education Center,
>
> Protected coral reefs also experience local and global impacts that
> need to be considered and tackled:
>
> 1) How strong was the impact of ETA and IOTA (November 2020) on Belize
> Coral Reefs?
>
> 2) What is the spatial extent, mortality rates and species with SCTLD
> (21/06/2019 — The Fisheries Department has confirmed the presence of
> the Stony Coral Tissue Loss Disease (SCTLD) on the Northern region of
> the Belize). SCTLD has not been reported yet in Colombia.
>
> 3) Local antrhopogenic impacts (e.g. sewage, cruices, cargo, dredging,
> illegal fishing, anchoring, etc).
>
> 2021-05-29 6:12 GMT-05:00, Belize TREC via Coral-List
> <coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov>:
> > I have lived in Belize since 1994. Since then I have visited 2 massive
> > Dendrogyra stands directly in front of San Pedro about 25 times per
> year. It
> > was in relatively pristine condition in March 2020 when I left for the
> > States to get vaccinated. Upon my return in May 2021 I was horrified to
> find
> > 100% of these stands dead. I have seen some grow out tables as well with
> > staghorn doing well but Dendrogyra dying. I think we may shortly lose
> this
> > species in this entire area if not the country. For the hopeful there is
> > more bad news. If you have not read the recently posted review of
> > propagation programs posted on the coral list only 1% of these programs
> > appear to have significant growth after 5 years. It is time to start
> > preparing coast lines for what is surely inevitable. Dr. Ken Mattes,
> Belize
> > Tropical Research & Education Center
> >
> > ________________________________
> > From: Coral-List <coral-list-bounces at coral.aoml.noaa.gov> on behalf of
> > coral-list-request at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
> > <coral-list-request at coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
> > Sent: Friday, May 28, 2021 11:05 AM
> > To: coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov <coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
> > Subject: Coral-List Digest, Vol 153, Issue 18
> >
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> > please only include quoted text from prior posts that is necessary to
> > make your point; avoid re-sending the entire Digest back to the list.
> >
> >
> > Today's Topics:
> >
> > 1. Re: Dendrogyra (Nohora Galvis)
> > 2. Re: messages for the public? (Ogden, John)
> > 3. Re: Dendrogyra (Andrew Ross)
> > 4. Cnidarian Plataform -- Research and Conservation in Brazil
> > and South America ! (Ignacio Agudo)
> > 5. Re: functional extinction of D. cylindrus on the Florida Reef
> > Tract. (Phillip Dustan)
> > 6. local management can improve bleaching outcomes (Douglas Fenner)
> > 7. Summary of Goals from Other Listers/Science Not Politics will
> > Save our Ecosystems (Nathan Mccall)
> > 8. Dendrogyra (Peter Sale)
> > 9. Re: messages for the public? (Steve Gittings - NOAA Federal)
> > 10. Re: Dendrogyra (Douglas Fenner)
> >
> >
> > ----------------------------------------------------------------------
> >
> > Message: 1
> > Date: Thu, 27 May 2021 10:55:42 -0500
> > From: Nohora Galvis <icri.colombia at gmail.com>
> > To: Eugene Shinn <eugeneshinn at mail.usf.edu>
> > Cc: "coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov" <coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
> > Subject: Re: [Coral-List] Dendrogyra
> > Message-ID:
> >
> > <CAO+JPTHQ4=ZJS-e7R9EUFycw77nLbYzv+eUHvrNPOg3CnQMn5g at mail.gmail.com>
> > Content-Type: text/plain; charset="UTF-8"
> >
> > Dear Eugene and Coral Listers,
> >
> > In some dive sites of the Caribbean Sea, we only have to remember how
> > beautiful the Coral Reefs were with TBT Photos and Videos. In our
> > Coral Reefs Observatory, we call it "Recorded Reality" in comparisson
> > to "Virtual Reality" or "Augmented Reality", to share memories and
> > Reality Recorded in photos and videos from our volunteer observers of
> > the Coral Reefs of the world.
> >
> > Vitamin Sea provides Health Benefits in hte distance during pandemics,
> > EXISTANCE VALUE (Economics concept) only by sharing beatiful images
> > reminding us how beautiful used to be or to rememeber us that there
> > are still some resilient coral reefs to be effetively protected from
> > local and global threats.
> >
> > Recording Reality, see Dendrogyra cilindrus in our cover photos. Some
> > coral reef areas remind us the benefit of the peace with nature even
> > that are UNESCO Man and Biosphere Reserves need enforcement to avoid
> > further destruction in a context of bounderies disputes between
> > countries.
> >
> >
> https://www.facebook.com/ICRI.COLOMBIA/photos/a.430580576978010/3998970463472319
> >
> > https://twitter.com/ArrecifesCoral
> >
> > https://twitter.com/ICRIcolombia
> >
> > 2021-05-25 13:54 GMT-05:00, Eugene Shinn via Coral-List
> > <coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov>:
> >> In all my 60+ yearsdiving in the Florida Keys (starting in my senior
> >> year in high school(1953) I never saw a mailbox placed on pillar coral.
> >> Remember there were few residents in the Keys and major canal dredging
> >> started in the late 1950s extending into the early 1960s. I watched it
> >> all. Major changes began in the 1970s much of it spurred on later by
> >> creation of the Key Largo Coral Reef Sanctuary, the first Burger King,
> >> and creation of dive shops.
> >>
> >> While doing geological research and drilling around 100 reef cores we
> >> never encountered Pillar coral. Living ones were rare in the 50s and 60s
> >> and were never considered significant reef builders. They never could
> >> have created significant habitat for reef fishes or other reef fauna. I
> >> have photographed large ones on Jamaican reefs but I can not speak for
> >> the rest of the Caribbean.Nevertheless, I seriously doubt they have ever
> >> been significant reef builders anywhere in the Caribbean. They also do
> >> not appear in exposures of Pleistocene coral reefs. You will not see
> >> them in the beautiful exposures of reef limestone in the Florida Keys
> >> Fossil reef quarry on Windley key.Gene
> >>
> >> _______________________________________________
> >> Coral-List mailing list
> >> Coral-List at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
> >> https://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/mailman/listinfo/coral-list
> >
> >
> > --
> > Cordial saludo,
> >
> > Nohora Galvis
> >
> > Directora Observatorio Pro Arrecifes
> > Fundaci?n ICRI Colombia
> > Coordinadora Red Internacional de Observadores Voluntarios del Arrecife
> > Follow us on:
> > Facebook.com/ICRI.COLOMBIA
> > Twitter @ArrecifesCoral e @ICRIcolombia
> > Instagram ObservatorioArrecifesCoral
> > Youtube ICRI Colombia
> > https://icri-colombia.es.tl/
> >
> >
> > ------------------------------
> >
> > Message: 2
> > Date: Thu, 27 May 2021 17:08:11 +0000
> > From: "Ogden, John" <jogden at usf.edu>
> > To: Ellen Prager <pragere at earthlink.net>
> > Cc: "coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov" <coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
> > Subject: Re: [Coral-List] messages for the public?
> > Message-ID:
> >
> > <
> BN7PR08MB4194D74E24D42D85FE793B94CD239 at BN7PR08MB4194.namprd08.prod.outlook.com
> >
> >
> > Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
> >
> > Hi Ellen,
> >
> > Uniquely among most (if not all) on the Coral-List, you have worked over
> > years to target young elementary and secondary school students who are
> > impressionable, sponges for knowledge and on the cusp of making life
> > decisions that will affect the future in myriad ways. Thanks for doing
> > this.
> >
> > To your question: I suggest targeting your message to the Big Three:
> > Pollution (land based pollution (runoff, disposal, and aerial sources);
> > Resource Extraction (fishing, mining, dredging); and Climate Change. As
> you
> > have done in your earlier books, use easily-understood, well-illustrated
> > story-based messages with charismatic young people recognizing problems
> and
> > solving them, not with ease but with difficulty, and growing in
> confidence
> > and gathering allies as they go.
> >
> > I will stop here before I start trying to tell you how to do stuff that
> you
> > do so well.
> >
> > Cheers and best regards, John
> >
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: Coral-List <coral-list-bounces at coral.aoml.noaa.gov> On Behalf Of
> Ellen
> > Prager via Coral-List
> > Sent: Tuesday, May 25, 2021 1:33 PM
> > To: coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
> > Subject: [Coral-List] messages for the public?
> >
> > Dear Coral List friends and colleagues
> >
> > What do you think are the top three messages the public and youth need to
> > hear and learn about coral reefs right now (beyond the obvious and
> overall
> > message that coral reefs are in serious trouble).
> >
> > I've spent much of my time over the last several decades trying to find
> ways
> > to reach the public, particularly the non-choir, and engage them in
> learning
> > about the ocean, marine life, environmental issues, etc.
> >
> > Several years ago, it was pointed out to me that I (we) had not targeted
> a
> > very influential and important age group - middle graders (8 to 12 years
> > old). They are discovering their potential career and life-long interests
> > and have significant influence over their peers and parents (and
> sometimes
> > can even reach politicians).
> >
> > Thus, I started writing adventure novels targeted at middle graders that
> > combine action, humor, and relatable characters with fun learning about
> > science, nature, and environmental issues.
> >
> > My latest series is The Wonder List Adventures published by Tumblehome
> > Books. Book one was Escape Galapagos, the second released in April is
> Escape
> > Greenland (underlying theme of climate change) and I am beginning to
> write
> > the third book in the series, which will be Escape Undersea with a focus
> on
> > coral reefs. Check out the wonderful reviews on amazon.
> >
> > Would love your feedback and input on what messages I should include in
> the
> > book - other than the obvious, coral reefs are in trouble. And if you
> have
> > any funny stories based on real experiences that can help to make the
> > science fun, please share.
> >
> > In the back of each book is a section Real vs Made-Up in which I ask the
> > readers to decide what in the story is based on real science and what is
> > pure fiction. This is hugely popular with educators, readers and in
> talks.
> > It provides a great opportunity to point to further learning and to
> educate
> > about causes of coral reef decline as well as the value to society/ocean
> > coral reefs provide.
> >
> > Thank you
> > Ellen
> >
> > Dr. Ellen Prager
> > Earth2Ocean, Inc/StormCenter Communications Ph 305.720.7070 @elprager
> Latest
> > Book: Escape Greenland
> >
> >
> > _______________________________________________
> > Coral-List mailing list
> > Coral-List at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
> >
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> > [EXTERNAL EMAIL] DO NOT CLICK links or attachments unless you recognize
> the
> > sender and know the content is safe.
> >
> >
> > ------------------------------
> >
> > Message: 3
> > Date: Thu, 27 May 2021 11:41:42 -0500
> > From: Andrew Ross <ross.andrew at mac.com>
> > To: Coral-List Subscribers <coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
> > Subject: Re: [Coral-List] Dendrogyra
> > Message-ID: <881F2B5D-C3B2-4574-A852-4A7F4FAD80B3 at mac.com>
> > Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8
> >
> > Greetings List,
> > Two quick observations re. reef significance:
> > i) We?ve a site just west of Montego Bay (Jamaica) of ~1.5ha of reef
> that in
> > 2017 had nineteen colonies of Dendrogyra, four of which were >3m tall and
> > similar+ around. These are (were) notable navigation hazards even if
> their
> > hydrodynamic impact wasn?t much. All dead save a few isolates in two
> > colonies/genets(?).
> > ii) The cliffs of the West End of Negril have plenty of ancient
> Dendrogyra
> > logs, along with acroporids & Porites & other shallower species that
> still
> > do make reefs & protect coasts.
> >
> > Andrew M. Ross, Ph.D.
> > Seascape Caribbean
> > +1-876-363-8850
> >
> >
> >> On May 27, 2021, at 8:18 AM, Vassil Zlatarski via Coral-List
> >> <coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov> wrote:
> >>
> >> Dear all,
> >>
> >> The revision of the existing knowledge about Dendrogyra cylindrus shows
> >> clearly that it is not a significant reef builder.
> >>
> >> On a separate note, until very recently this species was considered a
> >> gonochoric (separate male and female colonies). Neely KL, Levis C, Chan
> >> AN, Baums IB. (2018. Coral Reefs, 37:1987-1092) described case in
> Florida
> >> Keys of hermaphroditic spawning of Pillar coral. Over years they
> observed
> >> switching from female to hermaphrodite, and from male to hermaphrodite,
> >> and
> >> one from hermaphrodite to male. Hope to see the continuation of their
> >> observations, which demonstrate the evolutionary potential of corals.
> >>
> >> The biodiversity is priceless, every species is unique, the coral
> systems
> >> are crucial for our existence. The problem is how to act most
> >> efficiently
> >> before we lose them.
> >>
> >> Cheers,
> >>
> >> Vassil
> >>
> >> Vassil Zlatarski
> >> D.Sc. (Biology), Ph.D. (Geology)
> >>
> >>
> >>
> >> On Thu, May 27, 2021 at 7:31 AM Glynn, Peter W. <pglynn at rsmas.miami.edu
> >> <mailto:pglynn at rsmas.miami.edu>>
> >> wrote:
> >>
> >>> Dear coral-list colleagues,
> >>>
> >>> Dendrogyra. In my early coral reef surveys in SW Puerto Rico in the
> >>> 1960s, I came across a shallow (3-5 m depth) dense population of D.
> >>> cylindrus not far from the shoreline. There were 20 to 30 live
> colonies
> >>> in
> >>> a 10 X 20 m patch. Several of the colonies were about 1 m high and a
> >>> few
> >>> 1.5 m.
> >>> I revisited this population in the early 1990s, thanks to Bob Ginsburg,
> >>> and it was still there although several colonies displayed dead patches
> >>> (approx. 10 X 10 and 10 X 15 cm). Damselfish had established
> >>> territories
> >>> and were cultivating algae on some of the dead patches. They appear to
> >>> have been initiated by diseased tissues.
> >>> Apologies for not having GPS coordinates, but the population was
> located
> >>> about half way between Magueyes Island and Bahia Fosforecente, not far
> >>> from
> >>> the shore.
> >>> It would be worthwhile to re-visit this site to assess the condition of
> >>> the corals if they are still there.
> >>> Cheers, PWGlynn
> >>>
> >>>
> >>> -----Original Message-----
> >>> From: Coral-List <coral-list-bounces at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
> >>> <mailto:coral-list-bounces at coral.aoml.noaa.gov>> On Behalf Of
> >>> Longin Kaczmarsky via Coral-List
> >>> Sent: Wednesday, May 26, 2021 11:00 AM
> >>> To: Coral-List Subscribers <coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
> >>> <mailto:coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov>>; Vassil
> >>> Zlatarski <vzlatarski at gmail.com <mailto:vzlatarski at gmail.com>>
> >>> Subject: Re: [Coral-List] Dendrogyra
> >>>
> >>> An important ecological role of Pillar coral in ecosystems associated
> >>> with
> >>> coral reefs may not be so much as a reef-builder but as isolated
> refugia
> >>> interspersed in patch reefs. When I was diving and snorkeling in the
> >>> 1980s,
> >>> long before getting a PhD researching coral diseases, I would cover
> very
> >>> large tracts of near-shore patch reefs 6 hours+/day, almost every day,
> >>> for
> >>> about six years collecting fish and inverts for the aquarium trade
> >>> (during
> >>> a time when these organisms were far more abundant). This gave me great
> >>> insights into distribution patterns for many reef species. During this
> >>> time, I recorded and mapped favorable locations/conditions for hundreds
> >>> of
> >>> species (fish, inverts, and algae). I would particularly make note of
> >>> the
> >>> "rare" giant Dendrogyra colonies because they were magnets for certain
> >>> species that would concentrate on them, colorful juvenile jewelfish for
> >>> example. They were more often found in open bottom areas, near to
> >>> patches
> >>> of more diverse reefs, rather than integra ted in a mixed species reef
> >>> structure.
> >>>
> >>> Lonnie Kaczmarsky, PhD
> >>>
> >>>
> >>> ________________________________
> >>> From: Coral-List <coral-list-bounces at coral.aoml.noaa.gov> on behalf of
> >>> Vassil Zlatarski via Coral-List <coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
> >>> Sent: Wednesday, May 26, 2021 6:46 AM
> >>> To: Coral-List Subscribers <coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
> >>> Subject: Re: [Coral-List] Dendrogyra
> >>>
> >>> With all my deep pain for the degradation of coral reefs, the
> >>> investigations since the 1970s in Cuban Archipelago and in the 1980s
> >>> around
> >>> Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico never established that Pillar coral
> >>> (Dendrogyra
> >>> cylindrus) was a significant reef builder.
> >>>
> >>> Vassil
> >>>
> >>> On Wed, May 26, 2021 at 5:17 AM Eugene Shinn via Coral-List <
> >>> coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov> wrote:
> >>>
> >>>> In all my 60+ yearsdiving in the Florida Keys (starting in my senior
> >>>> year in high school(1953) I never saw a mailbox placed on pillar
> coral.
> >>>> Remember there were few residents in the Keys and major canal dredging
> >>>> started in the late 1950s extending into the early 1960s. I watched it
> >>>> all. Major changes began in the 1970s much of it spurred on later by
> >>>> creation of the Key Largo Coral Reef Sanctuary, the first Burger King,
> >>>> and creation of dive shops.
> >>>>
> >>>> While doing geological research and drilling around 100 reef cores we
> >>>> never encountered Pillar coral. Living ones were rare in the 50s and
> >>>> 60s and were never considered significant reef builders. They never
> >>>> could have created significant habitat for reef fishes or other reef
> >>>> fauna. I have photographed large ones on Jamaican reefs but I can not
> >>>> speak for the rest of the Caribbean.Nevertheless, I seriously doubt
> >>>> they have ever been significant reef builders anywhere in the
> >>>> Caribbean. They also do not appear in exposures of Pleistocene coral
> >>>> reefs. You will not see them in the beautiful exposures of reef
> >>>> limestone in the Florida Keys Fossil reef quarry on Windley key.Gene
> >>>>
> >>>> _______________________________________________
> >>>> Coral-List mailing list
> >>>> Coral-List at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
> >>>>
> https://nam10.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcora
> >>>> <
> https://nam10.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcora>
> >>>> l.aoml.noaa.gov
> >>>> <http://l.aoml.noaa.gov/
> >%2Fmailman%2Flistinfo%2Fcoral-list&data=04%7C01%7Cp
> >>>> glynn%40rsmas.miami.edu
> >>>> <http://40rsmas.miami.edu/
> >%7C822a9915983e48eb1b8408d920ed52e6%7C2a144b72f
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> >>>> amp;reserved=0
> >>> _______________________________________________
> >>> Coral-List mailing list
> >>> Coral-List at coral.aoml.noaa.gov <mailto:Coral-List at coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
> >>>
> >>>
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> >>> <
> https://nam10.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcoral.aoml.noaa.gov%2Fmailman%2Flistinfo%2Fcoral-list&data=04%7C01%7Cpglynn%40rsmas.miami.edu%7C822a9915983e48eb1b8408d920ed52e6%7C2a144b72f23942d48c0e6f0f17c48e33%7C0%7C0%7C637577025950764458%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C1000&sdata=R8tdS2BmpJF0O5raRgkFu2qVIp5Z%2BaZC5AGi4yNQQJE%3D&reserved=0
> >
> >>> _______________________________________________
> >>> Coral-List mailing list
> >>> Coral-List at coral.aoml.noaa.gov <mailto:Coral-List at coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
> >>>
> >>>
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> >>> <
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> >
> >>>
> >> _______________________________________________
> >> Coral-List mailing list
> >> Coral-List at coral.aoml.noaa.gov <mailto:Coral-List at coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
> >> https://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/mailman/listinfo/coral-list
> >> <https://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/mailman/listinfo/coral-list>
> >
> >
> > ------------------------------
> >
> > Message: 4
> > Date: Thu, 27 May 2021 16:57:03 -0300
> > From: Ignacio Agudo <ignacioagudo at gmail.com>
> > To: coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov,
> > coral-list-owner at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
> > Cc: Ignacio Agudo <ignacioagudo at gmail.com>
> > Subject: [Coral-List] Cnidarian Plataform -- Research and Conservation
> > in Brazil and South America !
> > Message-ID:
> >
> > <CAMTCL61eXXEksx6RZgKLfUbzrboYCmdp-Kq5kRyqQqkB5Rrzpw at mail.gmail.com>
> > Content-Type: text/plain; charset="UTF-8"
> >
> > Dear coral listers,
> >
> > Cordial and respectful greetings !
> >
> > We would like to introduce you to our modest virtual space "Cnidarians -
> > Research and Conservation in Brazil and South America" (= Cnid?rios -
> > Pesquisa e Conserva??o no Brasil e na Am?rica do Sul) <
> > https://www.facebook.com/groups/1391001107824116/ >, an autonomous
> > functional public group on Facebook created in January 13 2014 that is
> part
> > of so-called "AM Network for Scientific-Environmental Disclosure" (=
> Rede
> > AM de Divulga??o Cient?fico-Ambiental) and integral of the emerging
> "Latin
> > American Cnidaria Network - LaCNida" (= Red Latinoamericana de Cnidaria/
> > Rede Latino-americana de Cnidaria) <
> > https://drive.google.com/file/d/1zSPUR3mAxG9dIwCHffG_vFwG9tn-E4yb/view
> --
> > see p. 12 ;
> >
> https://www.facebook.com/photo?fbid=2833154390125184&set=pcb.2591173964473485
> >>, created this last in November 05 2019, on the framework of the "II
> > Simposio Latinoamericano de Cnidarios", in the city of Mar del Plata,
> > Argentina < https://www.facebook.com/LACNIda ;
> > https://www.instagram.com/lacnida/?hl=es-la >.
> >
> > This is a comprehensive platform for research, consultation, reference,
> > guidance and scientific-environmental dissemination aimed specifically at
> > promoting knowledge of Cnidarian biodiversity occurring in the
> Neotropical
> > geographic territories of Brazil, continental Americas and the Caribbean
> > region, in order to concentrate and facilitate the permanent exchange of
> > information related to the topic, admitting posts in Portuguese, Spanish
> > and English languages <
> https://www.facebook.com/groups/1391001107824116/
> >>.
> >
> >
> > CNIDARIA, an exclusive and important phylum of aquatic invertebrates that
> > comprises animal forms of radial symmetry, which have a ring of tentacles
> > with urticating cells (cnidocytes) and have polymorphism, that is, two
> > possible body shapes: polyp and medusae, being in their great mostly
> marine
> > (known sea anemones, diverse coral forms and jellyfishes, among others),
> > including some representatives occurring in inland continental
> freshwater/
> > limnics, which for a long time were grouped together with the Ctenophores
> > (Ctenophora), in the ancient phylum Coelenterata (Celenterados), with its
> > effective conservation the perpetuity in practice today proving to be
> > worryingly insufficient in view of the speed with which the "anthropic
> > actions" have been degrading / altering the natural marine-coastal and
> > fluvial environments that they occupy, so that every effort in that sense
> > it becomes necessary and emergency.
> >
> > "Cnidarians - Research and Conservation in Brazil and South America" <
> > https://www.facebook.com/groups/1391001107824116/ >, an modest virtual
> > space at the service of "Citizen Science".
> >
> > --
> > *A. Ignacio Agudo-Padr?n*
> >
> > Geographer, Environmental Researcher
> > CEO Brazilian AM Network for
> Scientific-Environmental
> > Disclosure https://www.facebook.com/groups/877015675755297
> > Member Latin American Cnidaria Network -
> > LaCNida
> >
> http://www.facebook.com/photo?fbid=2833154390125184&set=pcb.2591173964473485
> > Southern Brazil
> > Caixa Postal (P.O.Box) 010,
> > 88010-970 Centro, Florian?polis, Santa Catarina/ SC,
> > Brasil
> > E-mail: ignacioagudo at gmail.com Curriculum:
> > http://lattes.cnpq.br/3951358740536805 ORCID iD:
> > https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9073-9049
> > ResearchGate
> > (some Contributions):
> https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Aisur_Agudo-
> > Padron/publications?sorting=newest
> > <
> https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Aisur_Agudo-Padron/publications?sorting=newest
> >
> >
> >
> > ------------------------------
> >
> > Message: 5
> > Date: Thu, 27 May 2021 12:38:36 -0400
> > From: Phillip Dustan <phil.dustan at gmail.com>
> > To: Steve Mussman <sealab at earthlink.net>
> > Cc: "coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov" <coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
> > Subject: Re: [Coral-List] functional extinction of D. cylindrus on the
> > Florida Reef Tract.
> > Message-ID:
> >
> > <CA+xMoTZsah4juxYQuxQtWuyYNo1ovD-HUx_sR+pDrCFqUvELFQ at mail.gmail.com>
> > Content-Type: text/plain; charset="UTF-8"
> >
> > Ecological Infrastructure is at the heart of this issue.
> > Translating that to scientists is hard, to politicians more so, and
> nearly
> > impossible to the average westerner.
> > Native people understand it intuitively.
> > Reefs are sensitive because they are biological entities at the edge of
> > their evolutionary success.
> > By this I mean they are superbly adapted to their environmental limits,
> but
> > not to conditions they have not experienced the wrath of Natural
> Selection.
> > Now humans are increasing the "evolutionary goalposts" faster than
> > evolution allows for adaptation - or maybe not.
> > But it is clear we are witnessing (monitoring) a global selection
> > experiment with humans providing the selection pressures.
> > I see it much like the evolution of drug resistance bacteria; which
> > species/ecosystems/etc will survive humanity?
> > If only Humanity would embrace a Lovelockian perspective and realize we
> > can't make it without the rest of the Biosphere as a support mechanism.
> >
> > I would start by teaching that life is a process, not a thing.
> > Ecosystems represent the emergent properties of processes and are not
> > things to plunder.
> > They cannot be "restored" unless the selection pressures that "guide"
> these
> > processes are restored first, not as an afterthought.
> > You cannot build a bridge without a foundation. The same goes for a
> house,
> > road, financial system, an army, or a nation.
> > The foundations of ecosystems are physical and biological, just like the
> > foundations for a nation are physical and social.
> > Humans will (maybe and hopefully) accept these ideas and integrate into
> > nature.
> >
> > Biogeochemistry and the evolved conservative properties of natural
> systems
> > are what I would want people to appreciate.
> > Westerners might be able to understand this in terms of garbage picking:
> > Someone puts their old microwave on the curb for the trashman because
> they
> > got a new one for their birthday.
> > THe next bloke that comes along sees the old one and thinks. "Oh, a
> > microwave! I always wanted one but..."
> > He takes it home where it lasts for many years.
> > The moral is that someone's junk is another's treasure.
> > It happened with oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, and the list goes on and
> on
> > throughout the food web driving the biological arms race.
> >
> > Reefs evolved in the sea where there was lots of energy and almost no
> > nutrients, so selection favored the efficient capture and retention of
> > nutrients.
> > A few hundred million years of evolution in a benign, stable, and
> > predictable place and it is no wonder that nitrogen from sewage and
> runoff
> > is like crack cocaine to zooxanthellae..........
> > And all those fish we catch for food are equivalent to airplane mechanics
> > that keep our fancy jet planes flying.
> > It's no mystery why fishing them off the reef leads to an ecological
> > crash.......
> > The list goes on as long as we care to make it.
> > So how do we become more aware?
> > Maybe try doing one thing each day to help the Biosphere heal.
> > Maybe vote with your dollars.
> > Remember, the ocean begins at your front door....
> >
> > Phil
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> > On Thu, May 27, 2021 at 10:52 AM Steve via Coral-List <
> > coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov> wrote:
> >
> >>
> >>
> >> Dear Melanie and Judy,
> >>
> >> While I agree with both of you in general, to some extent this brings us
> >> back around to the bigger question at hand.
> >>
> >> What exactly is the message we want to put out there in the media and at
> >> the dinner table?
> >>
> >> Which ?conservation policies? do we want our elected officials to
> >> support?
> >>
> >> And to some extent, this ties into Ellen Prager?s question regarding the
> >> top three messages that the public and youth need to hear about coral
> >> reefs
> >> right now.
> >>
> >> I happen to agree with Phil Dustin?s perspective, but that doesn?t
> >> correspond to the messaging most commonly being amplified today.
> >>
> >> Most of the emphasis now in the coral sciences is on restoration and the
> >> development of super corals. I?ve been told countless times that
> >> promoting
> >> action to remedy the root causes is just doom and gloom and that will do
> >> nothing but cause the public to shut down or shun the topic all
> together.
> >> Well, I don?t see it that way. As I see it, it is the broader
> >> ecosystem/natural environment that needs to be restored. This does not
> >> mean
> >> that there is no role for coral restoration, but it does mean that there
> >> is
> >> an imperative need to clean up the water, reduce carbon emissions (lower
> >> ocean temperatures) and sustain a healthy level of fish biomass on our
> >> reefs. What is so negative about that? As Phil mentioned, there are
> >> similarities between the breakdown of this nation?s physical
> >> infrastructure
> >> and the dissolution of the earth?s ecological infrastructure. Why can?t
> >> we
> >> fix them both? They actually go hand in hand. So, I would suggest to
> >> Ellen
> >> that the top three messages are that coral reefs (and other ecosystems)
> >> are
> >> increasingly being threatened primarily by how we have chosen to live
> our
> >> lives. If we want healthy oceans and coral reefs we need to do the
> >> following:
> >>
> >> 1. Lower our carbon emissions. Address climate change.
> >>
> >> 2. Clean up the water (and the air, land/soil).
> >>
> >> 3. Learn to value nature and more sustainable lifestyles.
> >>
> >> In my opinion, young people will jump all over those messages.
> >>
> >> (I taught in the public schools for thirty years. Kids get it. Go ask
> >> Greta!)
> >>
> >> Those messages resonate much better than ?coral reefs are threatened and
> >> are dying so we are genetically altering them so they may be able to
> >> withstand all the increasing stressors that we will continue to produce
> >> because we are unwilling to change the way we live?.
> >>
> >> Best regards,
> >>
> >> Steve Mussman
> >>
> >> On 5/25/21, 12:11 PM, Judith Lang via Coral-List <
> >> coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov> wrote:
> >>
> >> Melanie,
> >>
> >> Thank you; you have perfectly articulated my feelings.
> >>
> >> None of us can do everything, but we can all do some things and, by now,
> >> we should all know what those are.
> >>
> >> Inaction has run out of excuses.
> >>
> >> Judy
> >>
> >> Judith Lang
> >>
> >> AGRRA Scientific Coordinator
> >>
> >> > On 25 May 2021, at 09:56, Melanie McField - HRI via Coral-List wrote:
> >>
> >> >
> >>
> >> > Coral Listers:
> >>
> >> > I agree with the urgency of addressing the root causes of coral
> decline
> >>
> >> > and there is some value in having such discussions among ourselves
> >> > (this
> >>
> >> > list or ISRS) - but the greater value will be gained if we all
> >> additionally
> >>
> >> > write letters and give interviews to local newspapers, online blogs,
> >>
> >> > political action committees etc. Coral reef conservation needs to be a
> >>
> >> > topic of dinner conversations in regular (non-scientist) households
> >> across
> >>
> >> > the world - including the industrialized non-reef bearing countries
> >> > that
> >>
> >> > are contributing significantly to the climate and other pollution, the
> >>
> >> > over-fishing and overdevelopment of sensitive coastal areas.
> >>
> >> >
> >>
> >> > We also need to have clear instructions for what the average citizens
> >> > can
> >>
> >> > do to help coral reefs. Support local efforts to curb pollution,
> >>
> >> > overdevelopment, and overfishing; eat lower on the food chain and from
> >> > a
> >>
> >> > local supply chain; conserve energy use alternative energy; and
> support
> >>
> >> > politicians that support conservation - this last step is critical -
> >> > Vote
> >>
> >> > out the bad ones and help find and support more good ones. We can all
> >> help
> >>
> >> > with this step - in our free time - of course- when not supported by
> >> > any
> >>
> >> > restricted funding.
> >>
> >> >
> >>
> >> > Melanie
> >>
> >> >
> >>
> >> >
> >>
> >> >
> >>
> >> >
> >>
> >> >
> >>
> >> >
> >>
> >> >
> >>
> >> > On Tue, May 25, 2021 at 6:56 AM Steve via Coral-List <
> >>
> >> > coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov> wrote:
> >>
> >> >
> >>
> >> >>
> >>
> >> >> Phil,
> >>
> >> >>
> >>
> >> >> ?Our challenge is to change the political will to do the right thing?
> >>
> >> >>
> >>
> >> >> The real challenge is for many of your colleagues to find the courage
> >> >> to
> >>
> >> >> speak truth to power as you just did.
> >>
> >> >>
> >>
> >> >> And not just in the abstract or conclusion sections of peer-reviewed
> >>
> >> >> papers.
> >>
> >> >>
> >>
> >> >> Seems like most would prefer to ride the current wave until it breaks
> >>
> >> >> safely on the sandy shore. By then they will have avoided the hazard
> >> >> of
> >>
> >> >> crashing on any remains of the jagged reef below.
> >>
> >> >>
> >>
> >> >> Thanks to you and Doug for speaking out.
> >>
> >> >>
> >>
> >> >> Steve
> >>
> >> >>
> >>
> >> >> On 5/22/21, 2:36 PM, Phillip Dustan wrote:
> >>
> >> >>
> >>
> >> >> Dear Listers,
> >>
> >> >>
> >>
> >> >> So why is the loss of Dendrogyra from the Florida Keys new or even
> >>
> >> >> important news?
> >>
> >> >>
> >>
> >> >> Humans have wrecked the Florida Keys- plain and simple.
> >>
> >> >>
> >>
> >> >> Reefs corals are below 2% cover, having lost about 95-98% of their
> >>
> >> >> abundance to the nested stresses of humanity.
> >>
> >> >>
> >>
> >> >> Lots of species are now rare or functionally extinct.
> >>
> >> >>
> >>
> >> >> For example, you would be very hard put to find a Mycetophyllia ferox
> >> >> or
> >>
> >> >> M. lamarckiana or Scolymia cubensis on any of the patch or outer
> >> >> reefs.
> >>
> >> >>
> >>
> >> >> Corals are so threatened that they have been taken to aquarium "safe
> >>
> >> >> houses" to avoid the most recent plague of SCTLD.
> >>
> >> >>
> >>
> >> >> Bioerosion is "melting"the reef framework.
> >>
> >> >>
> >>
> >> >> The inshore reefs are practically dead; Hens and Chickens died years
> >> ago.
> >>
> >> >>
> >>
> >> >> Dendrogyra cylindrus has simply tracked along the same path.
> >>
> >> >>
> >>
> >> >> And now, NOAA is going to fix the reefs by replanting them with super
> >>
> >> >> corals.
> >>
> >> >>
> >>
> >> >> Please, give me a break!
> >>
> >> >>
> >>
> >> >> The astonishing thing is the complacency of this august coral reef
> >>
> >> >> scientific community.
> >>
> >> >>
> >>
> >> >> The Florida Keys (and SE Florida) reefs exist at the margin of reef
> >> growth
> >>
> >> >> in the Western Atlantic; on the environmental fringe along the North
> >>
> >> >> America eastern coastline.
> >>
> >> >>
> >>
> >> >> The geography selected for tough, resilient species and it has taken
> >> them
> >>
> >> >> a long time (by human standards) to die from our greed and pollution.
> >>
> >> >>
> >>
> >> >> Unless the environment is "restored" to parameters that promote reef
> >>
> >> >> growth (clean water, lower temperatures, no take, etc) the trend will
> >>
> >> >> continue downwards.
> >>
> >> >>
> >>
> >> >> And there will be more sad stories to write and talk about.
> >>
> >> >>
> >>
> >> >> And one day sooner than later the reefs will be functionally extinct;
> >> as a
> >>
> >> >> matter of fact they probably are now.
> >>
> >> >>
> >>
> >> >> Maybe it is time for the Coral List to become more purposeful and
> >> >> focus
> >> on
> >>
> >> >> the real problems, rather than the little sound bites that keep
> >> >> popping
> >> up.
> >>
> >> >>
> >>
> >> >> All this degradation and death of virtually every ecosystem on Earth
> >> >> is
> >>
> >> >> shouting at us loud and clear that we need to fix the ecological
> >>
> >> >> infrastructure.
> >>
> >> >>
> >>
> >> >> Just like our decaying roads, bridges, schools, and electrical grid,
> >> >> the
> >>
> >> >> ecological infrastructure, the basis of our great nation, is busted.
> >>
> >> >>
> >>
> >> >> The loss of Dendrogyra from the Florida Keys is just the most recent
> >> tiny
> >>
> >> >> tip of the monstrous landslide that is underway.
> >>
> >> >>
> >>
> >> >> Imagine If all the managers, politicians, and other silent coral-list
> >>
> >> >> members were to combine with the scientists we might become a more
> >> potent
> >>
> >> >> political force for change.
> >>
> >> >>
> >>
> >> >> But that would be against the "NOAA rules" that define the purpose of
> >> the
> >>
> >> >> coral list, wouldn't it.
> >>
> >> >>
> >>
> >> >> Maybe the Rights of Future Generations should overide presentday
> >> politics?
> >>
> >> >>
> >>
> >> >> We know what the issues are and we have some pretty good ideas on
> what
> >>
> >> >> needs to be done.
> >>
> >> >>
> >>
> >> >> Our challenge is to change the political will to do the right thing.
> >>
> >> >>
> >>
> >> >> Phil
> >>
> >> >>
> >>
> >> >> On Fri, May 21, 2021 at 11:21 PM Douglas Fenner via Coral-List <
> >>
> >> >> coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
> >> >> (mailto:coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov)>
> >>
> >> >> wrote:
> >>
> >> >>
> >>
> >> >> Here is the original article:
> >>
> >> >>
> >>
> >> >> Rapid population decline of the Pillar Coral Dendrogyra cylindrus
> >> >> along
> >> the
> >>
> >> >>
> >>
> >> >> Florida Reef Tract
> >>
> >> >>
> >>
> >> >>
> >>
> >> >>
> >>
> https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2021.656515/full?fbclid=IwAR0KOjOkmwG05p6mvQoQZrn8Wi38z4fl2UKVK7SMizV5HzwzVGCJZ6aCFIo#B52
> >>
> >> >>
> >>
> >> >> "Losses of 94% of coral tissue, 93% of colonies, and 86% of genotypes
> >>
> >> >>
> >>
> >> >> between 2014 and the end of 2020 have led to functional extinction of
> >> *D.
> >>
> >> >>
> >>
> >> >> cylindrus* on the FRT." (FRT = Florida Reef Tract)
> >>
> >> >>
> >>
> >> >> "Large-scale efforts to improve water quality, and curb climate
> change
> >> are
> >>
> >> >>
> >>
> >> >> also essential for creating the conditions that will allow for the
> >>
> >> >>
> >>
> >> >> successful future restoration, survival, and wild reproduction of
> this
> >>
> >> >>
> >>
> >> >> iconic and unique coral."
> >>
> >> >>
> >>
> >> >> Folks, I think this is the thin end of the wedge, we are seeing the
> >> future
> >>
> >> >>
> >>
> >> >> here, and it is ugly. The disease has spread widely in the Caribbean,
> >> and
> >>
> >> >>
> >>
> >> >> this story is likely to be repeated over and over again across the
> >>
> >> >>
> >>
> >> >> Caribbean, where the capacity to keep it alive and breed it in
> >> captivity is
> >>
> >> >>
> >>
> >> >> less or non-existent. If we lose coral species, we can't put Humpty
> >> Dumpty
> >>
> >> >>
> >>
> >> >> (the coral reef ecosystem) back together again.
> >>
> >> >>
> >>
> >> >> This species, and *Ctenella chagius*, largely endemic to the Chagos
> >>
> >> >>
> >>
> >> >> archipelago in the Indian Ocean, appear to me to be the two most
> >> endangered
> >>
> >> >>
> >>
> >> >> coral species we know of on the planet. *Ctenella* has had a
> >> >> population
> >>
> >> >>
> >>
> >> >> reduction of more than 99%, and the next big bleaching event there
> >> >> could
> >>
> >> >>
> >>
> >> >> well finish it off. Attempts to keep it alive in captivity have
> >> >> failed,
> >>
> >> >>
> >>
> >> >> and there is no facility for doing so in the archipelago. Freezing
> >> >> sperm
> >>
> >> >>
> >>
> >> >> cannot save it. It is the only species in its genus, and there are
> >> >> only
> >> a
> >>
> >> >>
> >>
> >> >> few species in its family, it is also listed as an EDGE coral. EDGE =
> >>
> >> >>
> >>
> >> >> Evolutionarily Distinct and Globally Endangered.
> >>
> >> >>
> >>
> >> >> https://www.edgeofexistence.org/
> >>
> >> >>
> >>
> >> >> For the Ctenella story, see:
> >>
> >> >>
> >>
> >> >> Coral mass mortalities in the Chagos Archipelago over 40 years:
> >> >> Regional
> >>
> >> >>
> >>
> >> >> species and assemblage extinctions and
> >>
> >> >>
> >>
> >> >> indications of positive feedbacks. Marine Pollution Bulletin 154:
> >> >> 111075
> >>
> >> >>
> >>
> >> >>
> https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0025326X20301934
> >>
> >> >>
> >>
> >> >> Included are some local coral extinctions, and references to more
> >> >> local
> >>
> >> >>
> >>
> >> >> coral extinctions in Pacific Panama. The extinction wave of corals
> has
> >>
> >> >>
> >>
> >> >> begun, and it isn't pretty.
> >>
> >> >>
> >>
> >> >> Cheers, Doug
> >>
> >> >>
> >>
> >> >> On Fri, May 21, 2021 at 12:17 AM Steve Mussman via Coral-List <
> >>
> >> >>
> >>
> >> >> coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
> >> >> (mailto:coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov)>
> >>
> >> >> wrote:
> >>
> >> >>
> >>
> >> >>>
> >>
> >> >>
> >>
> >> >>>
> >>
> >> >>
> >>
> >> >>>
> >>
> >> >>
> >>
> https://www.wlrn.org/news/2021-05-19/pillar-coral-was-already-rare-on-florida-reefs-now-biologists-say-its-extinct
> >>
> >> >>
> >>
> >> >>>
> >>
> >> >>
> >>
> >> >>> Whether we and our politicians know it or not, Nature is party to
> all
> >> our
> >>
> >> >>
> >>
> >> >>> deals and decisions, and she has more votes, a longer memory, and a
> >>
> >> >> sterner
> >>
> >> >>
> >>
> >> >>> sense of justice than we do. (Wendell Berry)
> >>
> >> >>
> >>
> >> >>>
> >>
> >> >>
> >>
> >> >>> _______________________________________________
> >>
> >> >>
> >>
> >> >>> Coral-List mailing list
> >>
> >> >>
> >>
> >> >>> Coral-List at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
> >> >>> (mailto:Coral-List at coral.aoml.noaa.gov)
> >>
> >> >>
> >>
> >> >>> https://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/mailman/listinfo/coral-list
> >>
> >> >>
> >>
> >> >>>
> >>
> >> >>
> >>
> >> >> _______________________________________________
> >>
> >> >>
> >>
> >> >> Coral-List mailing list
> >>
> >> >>
> >>
> >> >> Coral-List at coral.aoml.noaa.gov (mailto:
> Coral-List at coral.aoml.noaa.gov)
> >>
> >> >>
> >>
> >> >> https://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/mailman/listinfo/coral-list
> >>
> >> >>
> >>
> >> >> --
> >>
> >> >>
> >>
> >> >> Phillip Dustan PhD
> >>
> >> >>
> >>
> >> >> Charleston SC 29424
> >>
> >> >>
> >>
> >> >> 843-953-8086 office
> >>
> >> >>
> >>
> >> >> 843-224-3321 (mobile)
> >>
> >> >>
> >>
> >> >> "When we try to pick out anything by itself
> >>
> >> >>
> >>
> >> >> we find that it is bound fast by a thousand invisible cords
> >>
> >> >>
> >>
> >> >> that cannot be broken, to everything in the universe. "
> >>
> >> >>
> >>
> >> >> John Muir 1869
> >>
> >> >>
> >>
> >> >> A Swim Through TIme on Carysfort Reef
> >>
> >> >>
> >>
> >> >> https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TCPJE7UE6sA
> >>
> >> >>
> >>
> >> >> Raja Ampat Sustainability Project video
> >>
> >> >>
> >>
> >> >>
> >>
> >> >>
> >>
> https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1RR2SazW_VY&fbclid=IwAR09oZkEk8wQkK6LN3XzVGPgAWSujACyUfe2Ist__nYxRRSkDE_jAYqkJ7A
> >>
> >> >>
> >>
> >> >> Bali Coral Bleaching 2016 video
> >>
> >> >>
> >>
> >> >> https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yxOfLTnPSUo
> >>
> >> >>
> >>
> >> >> TEDx Charleston on saving coral reefs
> >>
> >> >>
> >>
> >> >> https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iwENBNrfKj4
> >>
> >> >>
> >>
> >> >> Google Scholar Citations:
> >>
> >> >>
> >>
> >> >> https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=HCwfXZ0AAAAJ
> >>
> >> >>
> >>
> >> >> _______________________________________________
> >>
> >> >> Coral-List mailing list
> >>
> >> >> Coral-List at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
> >>
> >> >> https://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/mailman/listinfo/coral-list
> >>
> >> > _______________________________________________
> >>
> >> > Coral-List mailing list
> >>
> >> > Coral-List at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
> >>
> >> > https://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/mailman/listinfo/coral-list
> >>
> >> _______________________________________________
> >>
> >> Coral-List mailing list
> >>
> >> Coral-List at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
> >>
> >> https://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/mailman/listinfo/coral-list
> >>
> >> _______________________________________________
> >> Coral-List mailing list
> >> Coral-List at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
> >> https://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/mailman/listinfo/coral-list
> >
> >
> >
> > --
> >
> >
> >
> > Phillip Dustan PhD
> > Charleston SC 29424
> > 843-953-8086 office
> > 843-224-3321 (mobile)
> >
> > "When we try to pick out anything by itself
> > we find that it is bound fast by a thousand invisible cords
> > that cannot be broken, to everything in the universe. "
> > * John Muir 1869*
> >
> > *A Swim Through TIme on Carysfort Reef*
> > https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TCPJE7UE6sA
> > *Raja Ampat Sustainability Project video*
> >
> https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1RR2SazW_VY&fbclid=IwAR09oZkEk8wQkK6LN3XzVGPgAWSujACyUfe2Ist__nYxRRSkDE_jAYqkJ7A
> > *Bali Coral Bleaching 2016 video*
> >
> > *https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yxOfLTnPSUo
> > <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yxOfLTnPSUo>*
> > TEDx Charleston on saving coral reefs
> > https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iwENBNrfKj4
> > Google Scholar Citations:
> > https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=HCwfXZ0AAAAJ
> >
> >
> > ------------------------------
> >
> > Message: 6
> > Date: Thu, 27 May 2021 10:18:53 -1100
> > From: Douglas Fenner <douglasfennertassi at gmail.com>
> > To: coral list <coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
> > Subject: [Coral-List] local management can improve bleaching outcomes
> > Message-ID:
> >
> > <CAOEmEkGWFJiLWe36SBHs-zTkQDJrpUvhA9=yBbfDSzxVCmUiUA at mail.gmail.com>
> > Content-Type: text/plain; charset="UTF-8"
> >
> > Local management matters for coral reefs
> >
> > https://science.sciencemag.org/content/372/6545/908
> >
> > Local conditions magnify coral loss after marine heatwaves
> >
> > https://science.sciencemag.org/content/372/6545/977
> >
> > "Climate change threatens coral reefs by causing heat stress events that
> > lead to widespread coral bleaching and mortality. Given the global nature
> > of these mass coral mortality events, recent studies argue that
> mitigating
> > climate change is the only path to conserve coral reefs. Using a global
> > analysis of 223 sites, we show that local stressors act synergistically
> > with climate change to kill corals. Local factors such as high abundance
> of
> > macroalgae or urchins magnified coral loss in the year after bleaching.
> > Notably, the combined effects of increasing heat stress and macroalgae
> > intensified coral loss. Our results offer an optimistic premise that
> > effective local management, alongside global efforts to mitigate climate
> > change, can help coral reefs survive the Anthropocene."
> >
> > Not open access. See author email address.
> >
> > Cheers, Doug
> > --
> > Douglas Fenner
> > Lynker Technologies, LLC, Contractor
> > NOAA Fisheries Service
> > Pacific Islands Regional Office
> > Honolulu
> > and:
> > Coral Reef Consulting
> > PO Box 997390
> > Pago Pago, American Samoa 96799-6298 USA
> >
> > Slashing emissions by 2050 isn't enough. We can bring down temperature
> > now.
> >
> https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/climate-deadlines-super-pollutants-hfcs-methane/2021/04/15/acb8c612-9d7d-11eb-b7a8-014b14aeb9e4_story.html
> >
> > Humans have destroyed 97% of earth's ecosystems
> > (well, more like only 3% are fully intact)
> > https://a.msn.com/r/2/BB1fH7DT?m=en-us&referrerID=InAppShare
> >
> > Study: One-third of plant and animal species could be gone in 50 years.
> > (but 2-4 times worse in tropics)
> > https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2020-02/uoa-soo021220.php
> > https://www.pnas.org/content/117/8/4211
> >
> >
> > ------------------------------
> >
> > Message: 7
> > Date: Thu, 27 May 2021 12:46:54 -0700
> > From: Nathan Mccall <namccall at ucsc.edu>
> > To: coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
> > Subject: [Coral-List] Summary of Goals from Other Listers/Science Not
> > Politics will Save our Ecosystems
> > Message-ID:
> >
> > <CAALuORts72RY7VAf_94czXqCkV95mJS6VsjoyM0Zfet5iwn2sA at mail.gmail.com>
> > Content-Type: text/plain; charset="UTF-8"
> >
> > Dear Listers,
> >
> >
> >
> > I am new to this email listing, but I am very moved by the emails that
> you
> > have sent regarding the situation regarding ecosystems, specifically ones
> > involving coral reefs, are changing around the world.
> >
> > Here is a paper about the changing ocean temperatures?
> >
> > https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00376-021-0447-x.pdf
> >
> > Even if we stopped emissions today, the climate has irreversibly changed
> > across the world. Positive feedback loops are already starting for the
> > worse.
> >
> > https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4608041/
> >
> > https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2632717/
> >
> > I am not trying to be all doom and gloom, but as an undergraduate who has
> > watched forest fires almost consume my University last year due to
> climate
> > change, I think as scientists, we should approach this problem
> > realistically.
> >
> > Here are some of the goals that were presented by some of the listers:
> >
> > Let?s tackle the root of every goal and how to achieve them.
> >
> > 1. Lower Carbon Emissions
> >
> > If you want to change 7 billion people?s lifestyles, please let me know
> how
> > you are going to do that, I cannot think of ways besides improving
> > technology surrounding replacing carbon emitting machines. As countries
> > around the world develop towards looking like the ?western countries?
> like
> > the United States, why would they approach development differently than
> us
> > if they cannot afford to be sustainable.
> >
> > Proposition: Improve cheaper engines that are non-carbon emitting (cars,
> > electricity, transportation) and sustainable
> >
> > 2. Address Climate Change, Learn to value nature and more sustainable
> > lifestyles,
> >
> > If we stopped emitting carbon dioxide today, there would still be great
> > change across the world?s ecosystems. Addressing climate change is
> already
> > something that everyone on this listing probably does. To put the weight
> of
> > sustainability on the common people of this world without looking at
> those
> > that produce the most carbon emissions, the capitalistic organizations
> > without any sort of regulation is outright ignorant. 100 companies
> produce
> > 71% of GHG emissions around the world. When people are presented without
> a
> > choice to be sustainable because they cannot live due to being in
> poverty,
> > why should they be the ones to be responsible for this planet? Many
> people
> > never had a choice to begin with.
> >
> > 3. Clean up the water(and the air,land/soil)
> >
> > Usually, this sounds like a great idea. However, we need to address the
> > root problem about clean environments. How will we reduce runoff from
> > precipitation, agriculture, fertilizers, and everything that spills into
> > the ocean and our land without proper mitigation efforts? Research has
> been
> > done to figure out how to eliminate nitrogen, fertilizers, oil runoff,
> etc.
> > from our waterways, land, and air, but if you are interested, people
> > reading this should find how scientists today are taking that next step.
> >
> > 4. Reduce overfishing, Eat lower on the food chain
> >
> > This can be completely reduced if we find ways to engineer lab grown fish
> > and meat to replace fishing in the oceans. There are already current ways
> > but not cheap enough to replace food in the marketplace. If this is
> > achieved, we can reach this goal.
> >
> > 5. Support politicians that support conservation
> >
> > Preaching to the choir is not going to change anything. Let us not waste
> > time on this forum discussing what we already know when we already are
> > running out of time. If you care this much, please provide papers or if
> > there is relevant research that you are conducting, I invite you to
> share.
> > Science is the one way out of climate change regardless of whether people
> > act in a way that would value nature and sustainable lifestyles as
> climate
> > is already irrevocably changed. Although we already have seen through
> this
> > pandemic how many people there are, I do not know if it is worth our time
> > trying to change the minds of the Donald Trumps, Marjorie Taylors, or
> > whatever equivalent politician figure in your country. Also most if not
> all
> > politicians are driven solely by money from lobbying companies. Please
> > understand that sometimes politics' best interest is not in people, it's
> in
> > the lining of their pockets.
> >
> > If I missed any, please let me know. I can probably go deeper in every
> > single goal that was presented by some of the listers. Please. Share
> > papers, share your research, share what you are doing rather than just
> > preaching. Science and innovation will be the one way out of this
> > horrendous mess. However, we are also running out of time.
> >
> > I am personally interested in Symbiodinium as they are a prime factor in
> > corals? survival. Here are some papers that I am currently reading.
> >
> > Local adaptation constrains the distribution potential of heat-tolerant
> > *Symbiodinium* from the Persian/Arabian Gulf
> >
> > https://www.nature.com/articles/ismej201580
> > Symbiont community stability through severe coral bleaching in a
> thermally
> > extreme lagoon*https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5445074/
> > <https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5445074/> *
> >
> > Clade D *Symbiodinium* in Scleractinian Corals: A ?Nugget? of Hope, a
> > Selfish Opportunist, an Ominous Sign, or All of the Above?
> >
> > *https://www.hindawi.com/journals/jmb/2011/730715/
> > <https://www.hindawi.com/journals/jmb/2011/730715/> *
> >
> > Regarding Dendrogyra cylindrus, I do not know what the best course of
> > action is. What can I say is that if we cannot mitigate, we must prepare
> > for the impacts once species like D. cylindrus go extinct permanently.
> What
> > are the impacts on the larger ecosystem if the species fails? What could
> > perhaps replace them if all else fails and we have no choice. What niche
> > opens up when these species stop existing?
> >
> > I am new to this field; I am only a second-year undergraduate. Please
> take
> > my opinion with a grain of salt but also understand this is how a
> > 20-year-old undergraduate in science sees the current situation. I am
> > trying my hardest. If my opinions are baseless, please let me know, I do
> > not want to continue forward being blind and ignorant if I am being
> > foolish.
> >
> >
> > Best Regards,
> >
> > Nathan
> >
> >
> >
> > Nathan McCall
> > UCSC Undergraduate, BMEB Declared Major
> >
> > namccall at ucsc.edu
> >
> >
> > ------------------------------
> >
> > Message: 8
> > Date: Thu, 27 May 2021 21:04:24 +0000
> > From: Peter Sale < <sale at uwindsor.ca>
--
William F. Precht
“You never know how strong you are until being strong is the only choice
you have”
Bob Marley
"Courage is not having the strength to go on; it is going on when you don't
have the strength."
Theodore Roosevelt
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