[Coral-List] Dendrogyra
Lisa Carne
lisasinbelize at gmail.com
Tue Jun 1 20:03:55 UTC 2021
HI all-
those videos do not include Belize.
for info on SCTLD in Belize, you may contact me or any of the ladies CC’d in top line (besides Nohora)-
Belize has been keeping up on the AGRRA website with submissions.
Hi Bill!
PS: Ken, we were at the pillar corals site in SP ("Tuffy”) in May 2020 when SCTLD was already present-so their death was even more rapid then you suspect-in May there was no diseases on the pillar corals near the nursery table in Hol Chan, by December they were dying :(
So far no SCTLD reported in southern belize yet..where DCLY does just fine micro fragmented on nursery tables and outplanted (100% survival one year in nurseries, >80% survival 2 years outplanted on reef-survived hurricane Nana last sept & last 2 years bleaching events)
Kirah has all the info on monitoring & treatment, in northern Belize, etc.
Best,
Lisa Carne
Executive Director/Founder
Fragments of Hope
Placencia Village, Belize
fragmentsofhope.org
> On Jun 1, 2021, at 11:56 AM, Nohora Galvis via Coral-List <coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov> wrote:
>
> Dear Bill,
>
> I think Joseph R. Pawlik will reply to you too in relation to your
> question. Here two of his videos sent to us within the International
> Coral Reefs Observatory from Roatan and Belize.
> https://youtu.be/11ywGm33wnM <https://youtu.be/11ywGm33wnM>
> https://youtu.be/507OpUfd3Mc <https://youtu.be/507OpUfd3Mc>
>
> Although in Colombia, we have not received yet reports, we are aware
> of the increase in geographical extent of SCTLD. By the way, today in
> Colombia is the Day of the Marine Biologists, so greetings to all my
> colleagues !!
>
> We are celebrating by connecting at the UN High-Level Thematic Debate
> on the Ocean and SDG14: Life Below Water
>
>
>
> 2021-06-01 12:39 GMT-05:00, William Precht <william.precht at gmail.com <mailto:william.precht at gmail.com>>:
>> As many of you know - the journal Frontiers in Marine Science - Coral Reef
>> Section - is doing a special Research Topic on Stony coral tissue loss
>> disease (SCTLD) in the Caribbean.
>>
>> Right now the two places where we have large gaps in contributions for this
>> Topic has been the onset and impacts of the disease in Belize and Roatan,
>> Honduras.
>>
>> If anyone on the Coral list is doing research on SCTLD (or knows someone
>> that is) in these areas please contact me as soon as possible - your
>> contribution would be greatly appreciated and would help to tell the story
>> of this disease in the wider Caribbean.
>>
>> Thanks,
>>
>> Bill
>>
>> On Tue, Jun 1, 2021 at 9:25 AM Nohora Galvis via Coral-List <
>> coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov <mailto:coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov>> wrote:
>>
>>> Dr. Ken Mattes, Belize Tropical Research & Education Center,
>>>
>>> Protected coral reefs also experience local and global impacts that
>>> need to be considered and tackled:
>>>
>>> 1) How strong was the impact of ETA and IOTA (November 2020) on Belize
>>> Coral Reefs?
>>>
>>> 2) What is the spatial extent, mortality rates and species with SCTLD
>>> (21/06/2019 — The Fisheries Department has confirmed the presence of
>>> the Stony Coral Tissue Loss Disease (SCTLD) on the Northern region of
>>> the Belize). SCTLD has not been reported yet in Colombia.
>>>
>>> 3) Local antrhopogenic impacts (e.g. sewage, cruices, cargo, dredging,
>>> illegal fishing, anchoring, etc).
>>>
>>> 2021-05-29 6:12 GMT-05:00, Belize TREC via Coral-List
>>> <coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov>:
>>>> I have lived in Belize since 1994. Since then I have visited 2 massive
>>>> Dendrogyra stands directly in front of San Pedro about 25 times per
>>> year. It
>>>> was in relatively pristine condition in March 2020 when I left for the
>>>> States to get vaccinated. Upon my return in May 2021 I was horrified to
>>> find
>>>> 100% of these stands dead. I have seen some grow out tables as well
>>>> with
>>>> staghorn doing well but Dendrogyra dying. I think we may shortly lose
>>> this
>>>> species in this entire area if not the country. For the hopeful there
>>>> is
>>>> more bad news. If you have not read the recently posted review of
>>>> propagation programs posted on the coral list only 1% of these programs
>>>> appear to have significant growth after 5 years. It is time to start
>>>> preparing coast lines for what is surely inevitable. Dr. Ken Mattes,
>>> Belize
>>>> Tropical Research & Education Center
>>>>
>>>> ________________________________
>>>> From: Coral-List <coral-list-bounces at coral.aoml.noaa.gov> on behalf of
>>>> coral-list-request at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
>>>> <coral-list-request at coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
>>>> Sent: Friday, May 28, 2021 11:05 AM
>>>> To: coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov <coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
>>>> Subject: Coral-List Digest, Vol 153, Issue 18
>>>>
>>>> Send Coral-List mailing list submissions to
>>>> coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
>>>>
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>>>> Subject line from the individual message you are replying to. Also,
>>>> please only include quoted text from prior posts that is necessary to
>>>> make your point; avoid re-sending the entire Digest back to the list.
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> Today's Topics:
>>>>
>>>> 1. Re: Dendrogyra (Nohora Galvis)
>>>> 2. Re: messages for the public? (Ogden, John)
>>>> 3. Re: Dendrogyra (Andrew Ross)
>>>> 4. Cnidarian Plataform -- Research and Conservation in Brazil
>>>> and South America ! (Ignacio Agudo)
>>>> 5. Re: functional extinction of D. cylindrus on the Florida Reef
>>>> Tract. (Phillip Dustan)
>>>> 6. local management can improve bleaching outcomes (Douglas Fenner)
>>>> 7. Summary of Goals from Other Listers/Science Not Politics will
>>>> Save our Ecosystems (Nathan Mccall)
>>>> 8. Dendrogyra (Peter Sale)
>>>> 9. Re: messages for the public? (Steve Gittings - NOAA Federal)
>>>> 10. Re: Dendrogyra (Douglas Fenner)
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> ----------------------------------------------------------------------
>>>>
>>>> Message: 1
>>>> Date: Thu, 27 May 2021 10:55:42 -0500
>>>> From: Nohora Galvis <icri.colombia at gmail.com>
>>>> To: Eugene Shinn <eugeneshinn at mail.usf.edu>
>>>> Cc: "coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov" <coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
>>>> Subject: Re: [Coral-List] Dendrogyra
>>>> Message-ID:
>>>>
>>>> <CAO+JPTHQ4=ZJS-e7R9EUFycw77nLbYzv+eUHvrNPOg3CnQMn5g at mail.gmail.com>
>>>> Content-Type: text/plain; charset="UTF-8"
>>>>
>>>> Dear Eugene and Coral Listers,
>>>>
>>>> In some dive sites of the Caribbean Sea, we only have to remember how
>>>> beautiful the Coral Reefs were with TBT Photos and Videos. In our
>>>> Coral Reefs Observatory, we call it "Recorded Reality" in comparisson
>>>> to "Virtual Reality" or "Augmented Reality", to share memories and
>>>> Reality Recorded in photos and videos from our volunteer observers of
>>>> the Coral Reefs of the world.
>>>>
>>>> Vitamin Sea provides Health Benefits in hte distance during pandemics,
>>>> EXISTANCE VALUE (Economics concept) only by sharing beatiful images
>>>> reminding us how beautiful used to be or to rememeber us that there
>>>> are still some resilient coral reefs to be effetively protected from
>>>> local and global threats.
>>>>
>>>> Recording Reality, see Dendrogyra cilindrus in our cover photos. Some
>>>> coral reef areas remind us the benefit of the peace with nature even
>>>> that are UNESCO Man and Biosphere Reserves need enforcement to avoid
>>>> further destruction in a context of bounderies disputes between
>>>> countries.
>>>>
>>>>
>>> https://www.facebook.com/ICRI.COLOMBIA/photos/a.430580576978010/3998970463472319
>>>>
>>>> https://twitter.com/ArrecifesCoral
>>>>
>>>> https://twitter.com/ICRIcolombia
>>>>
>>>> 2021-05-25 13:54 GMT-05:00, Eugene Shinn via Coral-List
>>>> <coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov>:
>>>>> In all my 60+ yearsdiving in the Florida Keys (starting in my senior
>>>>> year in high school(1953) I never saw a mailbox placed on pillar
>>>>> coral.
>>>>> Remember there were few residents in the Keys and major canal dredging
>>>>> started in the late 1950s extending into the early 1960s. I watched it
>>>>> all. Major changes began in the 1970s much of it spurred on later by
>>>>> creation of the Key Largo Coral Reef Sanctuary, the first Burger King,
>>>>> and creation of dive shops.
>>>>>
>>>>> While doing geological research and drilling around 100 reef cores we
>>>>> never encountered Pillar coral. Living ones were rare in the 50s and
>>>>> 60s
>>>>> and were never considered significant reef builders. They never could
>>>>> have created significant habitat for reef fishes or other reef fauna.
>>>>> I
>>>>> have photographed large ones on Jamaican reefs but I can not speak for
>>>>> the rest of the Caribbean.Nevertheless, I seriously doubt they have
>>>>> ever
>>>>> been significant reef builders anywhere in the Caribbean. They also do
>>>>> not appear in exposures of Pleistocene coral reefs. You will not see
>>>>> them in the beautiful exposures of reef limestone in the Florida Keys
>>>>> Fossil reef quarry on Windley key.Gene
>>>>>
>>>>> _______________________________________________
>>>>> Coral-List mailing list
>>>>> Coral-List at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
>>>>> https://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/mailman/listinfo/coral-list
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> --
>>>> Cordial saludo,
>>>>
>>>> Nohora Galvis
>>>>
>>>> Directora Observatorio Pro Arrecifes
>>>> Fundaci?n ICRI Colombia
>>>> Coordinadora Red Internacional de Observadores Voluntarios del Arrecife
>>>> Follow us on:
>>>> Facebook.com/ICRI.COLOMBIA
>>>> Twitter @ArrecifesCoral e @ICRIcolombia
>>>> Instagram ObservatorioArrecifesCoral
>>>> Youtube ICRI Colombia
>>>> https://icri-colombia.es.tl/
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> ------------------------------
>>>>
>>>> Message: 2
>>>> Date: Thu, 27 May 2021 17:08:11 +0000
>>>> From: "Ogden, John" <jogden at usf.edu>
>>>> To: Ellen Prager <pragere at earthlink.net>
>>>> Cc: "coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov" <coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
>>>> Subject: Re: [Coral-List] messages for the public?
>>>> Message-ID:
>>>>
>>>> <
>>> BN7PR08MB4194D74E24D42D85FE793B94CD239 at BN7PR08MB4194.namprd08.prod.outlook.com
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
>>>>
>>>> Hi Ellen,
>>>>
>>>> Uniquely among most (if not all) on the Coral-List, you have worked
>>>> over
>>>> years to target young elementary and secondary school students who are
>>>> impressionable, sponges for knowledge and on the cusp of making life
>>>> decisions that will affect the future in myriad ways. Thanks for doing
>>>> this.
>>>>
>>>> To your question: I suggest targeting your message to the Big Three:
>>>> Pollution (land based pollution (runoff, disposal, and aerial sources);
>>>> Resource Extraction (fishing, mining, dredging); and Climate Change.
>>>> As
>>> you
>>>> have done in your earlier books, use easily-understood,
>>>> well-illustrated
>>>> story-based messages with charismatic young people recognizing problems
>>> and
>>>> solving them, not with ease but with difficulty, and growing in
>>> confidence
>>>> and gathering allies as they go.
>>>>
>>>> I will stop here before I start trying to tell you how to do stuff that
>>> you
>>>> do so well.
>>>>
>>>> Cheers and best regards, John
>>>>
>>>> -----Original Message-----
>>>> From: Coral-List <coral-list-bounces at coral.aoml.noaa.gov> On Behalf Of
>>> Ellen
>>>> Prager via Coral-List
>>>> Sent: Tuesday, May 25, 2021 1:33 PM
>>>> To: coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
>>>> Subject: [Coral-List] messages for the public?
>>>>
>>>> Dear Coral List friends and colleagues
>>>>
>>>> What do you think are the top three messages the public and youth need
>>>> to
>>>> hear and learn about coral reefs right now (beyond the obvious and
>>> overall
>>>> message that coral reefs are in serious trouble).
>>>>
>>>> I've spent much of my time over the last several decades trying to find
>>> ways
>>>> to reach the public, particularly the non-choir, and engage them in
>>> learning
>>>> about the ocean, marine life, environmental issues, etc.
>>>>
>>>> Several years ago, it was pointed out to me that I (we) had not
>>>> targeted
>>> a
>>>> very influential and important age group - middle graders (8 to 12
>>>> years
>>>> old). They are discovering their potential career and life-long
>>>> interests
>>>> and have significant influence over their peers and parents (and
>>> sometimes
>>>> can even reach politicians).
>>>>
>>>> Thus, I started writing adventure novels targeted at middle graders
>>>> that
>>>> combine action, humor, and relatable characters with fun learning about
>>>> science, nature, and environmental issues.
>>>>
>>>> My latest series is The Wonder List Adventures published by Tumblehome
>>>> Books. Book one was Escape Galapagos, the second released in April is
>>> Escape
>>>> Greenland (underlying theme of climate change) and I am beginning to
>>> write
>>>> the third book in the series, which will be Escape Undersea with a
>>>> focus
>>> on
>>>> coral reefs. Check out the wonderful reviews on amazon.
>>>>
>>>> Would love your feedback and input on what messages I should include in
>>> the
>>>> book - other than the obvious, coral reefs are in trouble. And if you
>>> have
>>>> any funny stories based on real experiences that can help to make the
>>>> science fun, please share.
>>>>
>>>> In the back of each book is a section Real vs Made-Up in which I ask
>>>> the
>>>> readers to decide what in the story is based on real science and what
>>>> is
>>>> pure fiction. This is hugely popular with educators, readers and in
>>> talks.
>>>> It provides a great opportunity to point to further learning and to
>>> educate
>>>> about causes of coral reef decline as well as the value to
>>>> society/ocean
>>>> coral reefs provide.
>>>>
>>>> Thank you
>>>> Ellen
>>>>
>>>> Dr. Ellen Prager
>>>> Earth2Ocean, Inc/StormCenter Communications Ph 305.720.7070 @elprager
>>> Latest
>>>> Book: Escape Greenland
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> _______________________________________________
>>>> Coral-List mailing list
>>>> Coral-List at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
>>>>
>>> https://nam04.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcoral.aoml.noaa.gov%2Fmailman%2Flistinfo%2Fcoral-list&data=04%7C01%7Cjogden%40usf.edu%7Cc950b68090f94253ed2f08d920275c8a%7C741bf7dee2e546df8d6782607df9deaa%7C0%7C0%7C637576175691505661%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C1000&sdata=JkJm8XYSCk%2FYEEr706ayL2cszSPV2C7PW1jeAXKhYH8%3D&reserved=0
>>>> [EXTERNAL EMAIL] DO NOT CLICK links or attachments unless you recognize
>>> the
>>>> sender and know the content is safe.
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> ------------------------------
>>>>
>>>> Message: 3
>>>> Date: Thu, 27 May 2021 11:41:42 -0500
>>>> From: Andrew Ross <ross.andrew at mac.com>
>>>> To: Coral-List Subscribers <coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
>>>> Subject: Re: [Coral-List] Dendrogyra
>>>> Message-ID: <881F2B5D-C3B2-4574-A852-4A7F4FAD80B3 at mac.com>
>>>> Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8
>>>>
>>>> Greetings List,
>>>> Two quick observations re. reef significance:
>>>> i) We?ve a site just west of Montego Bay (Jamaica) of ~1.5ha of reef
>>> that in
>>>> 2017 had nineteen colonies of Dendrogyra, four of which were >3m tall
>>>> and
>>>> similar+ around. These are (were) notable navigation hazards even if
>>> their
>>>> hydrodynamic impact wasn?t much. All dead save a few isolates in two
>>>> colonies/genets(?).
>>>> ii) The cliffs of the West End of Negril have plenty of ancient
>>> Dendrogyra
>>>> logs, along with acroporids & Porites & other shallower species that
>>> still
>>>> do make reefs & protect coasts.
>>>>
>>>> Andrew M. Ross, Ph.D.
>>>> Seascape Caribbean
>>>> +1-876-363-8850
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>> On May 27, 2021, at 8:18 AM, Vassil Zlatarski via Coral-List
>>>>> <coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov> wrote:
>>>>>
>>>>> Dear all,
>>>>>
>>>>> The revision of the existing knowledge about Dendrogyra cylindrus
>>>>> shows
>>>>> clearly that it is not a significant reef builder.
>>>>>
>>>>> On a separate note, until very recently this species was considered a
>>>>> gonochoric (separate male and female colonies). Neely KL, Levis C,
>>>>> Chan
>>>>> AN, Baums IB. (2018. Coral Reefs, 37:1987-1092) described case in
>>> Florida
>>>>> Keys of hermaphroditic spawning of Pillar coral. Over years they
>>> observed
>>>>> switching from female to hermaphrodite, and from male to
>>>>> hermaphrodite,
>>>>> and
>>>>> one from hermaphrodite to male. Hope to see the continuation of their
>>>>> observations, which demonstrate the evolutionary potential of corals.
>>>>>
>>>>> The biodiversity is priceless, every species is unique, the coral
>>> systems
>>>>> are crucial for our existence. The problem is how to act most
>>>>> efficiently
>>>>> before we lose them.
>>>>>
>>>>> Cheers,
>>>>>
>>>>> Vassil
>>>>>
>>>>> Vassil Zlatarski
>>>>> D.Sc. (Biology), Ph.D. (Geology)
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>> On Thu, May 27, 2021 at 7:31 AM Glynn, Peter W.
>>>>> <pglynn at rsmas.miami.edu
>>>>> <mailto:pglynn at rsmas.miami.edu>>
>>>>> wrote:
>>>>>
>>>>>> Dear coral-list colleagues,
>>>>>>
>>>>>> Dendrogyra. In my early coral reef surveys in SW Puerto Rico in the
>>>>>> 1960s, I came across a shallow (3-5 m depth) dense population of D.
>>>>>> cylindrus not far from the shoreline. There were 20 to 30 live
>>> colonies
>>>>>> in
>>>>>> a 10 X 20 m patch. Several of the colonies were about 1 m high and a
>>>>>> few
>>>>>> 1.5 m.
>>>>>> I revisited this population in the early 1990s, thanks to Bob
>>>>>> Ginsburg,
>>>>>> and it was still there although several colonies displayed dead
>>>>>> patches
>>>>>> (approx. 10 X 10 and 10 X 15 cm). Damselfish had established
>>>>>> territories
>>>>>> and were cultivating algae on some of the dead patches. They appear
>>>>>> to
>>>>>> have been initiated by diseased tissues.
>>>>>> Apologies for not having GPS coordinates, but the population was
>>> located
>>>>>> about half way between Magueyes Island and Bahia Fosforecente, not
>>>>>> far
>>>>>> from
>>>>>> the shore.
>>>>>> It would be worthwhile to re-visit this site to assess the condition
>>>>>> of
>>>>>> the corals if they are still there.
>>>>>> Cheers, PWGlynn
>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>> -----Original Message-----
>>>>>> From: Coral-List <coral-list-bounces at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
>>>>>> <mailto:coral-list-bounces at coral.aoml.noaa.gov>> On Behalf Of
>>>>>> Longin Kaczmarsky via Coral-List
>>>>>> Sent: Wednesday, May 26, 2021 11:00 AM
>>>>>> To: Coral-List Subscribers <coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
>>>>>> <mailto:coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov>>; Vassil
>>>>>> Zlatarski <vzlatarski at gmail.com <mailto:vzlatarski at gmail.com>>
>>>>>> Subject: Re: [Coral-List] Dendrogyra
>>>>>>
>>>>>> An important ecological role of Pillar coral in ecosystems associated
>>>>>> with
>>>>>> coral reefs may not be so much as a reef-builder but as isolated
>>> refugia
>>>>>> interspersed in patch reefs. When I was diving and snorkeling in the
>>>>>> 1980s,
>>>>>> long before getting a PhD researching coral diseases, I would cover
>>> very
>>>>>> large tracts of near-shore patch reefs 6 hours+/day, almost every
>>>>>> day,
>>>>>> for
>>>>>> about six years collecting fish and inverts for the aquarium trade
>>>>>> (during
>>>>>> a time when these organisms were far more abundant). This gave me
>>>>>> great
>>>>>> insights into distribution patterns for many reef species. During
>>>>>> this
>>>>>> time, I recorded and mapped favorable locations/conditions for
>>>>>> hundreds
>>>>>> of
>>>>>> species (fish, inverts, and algae). I would particularly make note of
>>>>>> the
>>>>>> "rare" giant Dendrogyra colonies because they were magnets for
>>>>>> certain
>>>>>> species that would concentrate on them, colorful juvenile jewelfish
>>>>>> for
>>>>>> example. They were more often found in open bottom areas, near to
>>>>>> patches
>>>>>> of more diverse reefs, rather than integra ted in a mixed species
>>>>>> reef
>>>>>> structure.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> Lonnie Kaczmarsky, PhD
>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>> ________________________________
>>>>>> From: Coral-List <coral-list-bounces at coral.aoml.noaa.gov> on behalf
>>>>>> of
>>>>>> Vassil Zlatarski via Coral-List <coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
>>>>>> Sent: Wednesday, May 26, 2021 6:46 AM
>>>>>> To: Coral-List Subscribers <coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
>>>>>> Subject: Re: [Coral-List] Dendrogyra
>>>>>>
>>>>>> With all my deep pain for the degradation of coral reefs, the
>>>>>> investigations since the 1970s in Cuban Archipelago and in the 1980s
>>>>>> around
>>>>>> Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico never established that Pillar coral
>>>>>> (Dendrogyra
>>>>>> cylindrus) was a significant reef builder.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> Vassil
>>>>>>
>>>>>> On Wed, May 26, 2021 at 5:17 AM Eugene Shinn via Coral-List <
>>>>>> coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov> wrote:
>>>>>>
>>>>>>> In all my 60+ yearsdiving in the Florida Keys (starting in my senior
>>>>>>> year in high school(1953) I never saw a mailbox placed on pillar
>>> coral.
>>>>>>> Remember there were few residents in the Keys and major canal
>>>>>>> dredging
>>>>>>> started in the late 1950s extending into the early 1960s. I watched
>>>>>>> it
>>>>>>> all. Major changes began in the 1970s much of it spurred on later by
>>>>>>> creation of the Key Largo Coral Reef Sanctuary, the first Burger
>>>>>>> King,
>>>>>>> and creation of dive shops.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> While doing geological research and drilling around 100 reef cores
>>>>>>> we
>>>>>>> never encountered Pillar coral. Living ones were rare in the 50s and
>>>>>>> 60s and were never considered significant reef builders. They never
>>>>>>> could have created significant habitat for reef fishes or other reef
>>>>>>> fauna. I have photographed large ones on Jamaican reefs but I can
>>>>>>> not
>>>>>>> speak for the rest of the Caribbean.Nevertheless, I seriously doubt
>>>>>>> they have ever been significant reef builders anywhere in the
>>>>>>> Caribbean. They also do not appear in exposures of Pleistocene coral
>>>>>>> reefs. You will not see them in the beautiful exposures of reef
>>>>>>> limestone in the Florida Keys Fossil reef quarry on Windley key.Gene
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> _______________________________________________
>>>>>>> Coral-List mailing list
>>>>>>> Coral-List at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
>>>>>>>
>>> https://nam10.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcora
>>>>>>> <
>>> https://nam10.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcora>
>>>>>>> l.aoml.noaa.gov
>>>>>>> <http://l.aoml.noaa.gov/
>>>> %2Fmailman%2Flistinfo%2Fcoral-list&data=04%7C01%7Cp
>>>>>>> glynn%40rsmas.miami.edu
>>>>>>> <http://40rsmas.miami.edu/
>>>> %7C822a9915983e48eb1b8408d920ed52e6%7C2a144b72f
>>>>>>> 23942d48c0e6f0f17c48e33%7C0%7C0%7C637577025950764458%7CUnknown%7CTWFpb
>>>>>>> GZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0
>>>>>>> %3D%7C1000&sdata=R8tdS2BmpJF0O5raRgkFu2qVIp5Z%2BaZC5AGi4yNQQJE%3D&
>>>>>>> amp;reserved=0
>>>>>> _______________________________________________
>>>>>> Coral-List mailing list
>>>>>> Coral-List at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
>>>>>> <mailto:Coral-List at coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>> https://nam10.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcoral.aoml.noaa.gov%2Fmailman%2Flistinfo%2Fcoral-list&data=04%7C01%7Cpglynn%40rsmas.miami.edu%7C822a9915983e48eb1b8408d920ed52e6%7C2a144b72f23942d48c0e6f0f17c48e33%7C0%7C0%7C637577025950764458%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C1000&sdata=R8tdS2BmpJF0O5raRgkFu2qVIp5Z%2BaZC5AGi4yNQQJE%3D&reserved=0
>>>>>> <
>>> https://nam10.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcoral.aoml.noaa.gov%2Fmailman%2Flistinfo%2Fcoral-list&data=04%7C01%7Cpglynn%40rsmas.miami.edu%7C822a9915983e48eb1b8408d920ed52e6%7C2a144b72f23942d48c0e6f0f17c48e33%7C0%7C0%7C637577025950764458%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C1000&sdata=R8tdS2BmpJF0O5raRgkFu2qVIp5Z%2BaZC5AGi4yNQQJE%3D&reserved=0
>>>>
>>>>>> _______________________________________________
>>>>>> Coral-List mailing list
>>>>>> Coral-List at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
>>>>>> <mailto:Coral-List at coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>> https://nam10.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcoral.aoml.noaa.gov%2Fmailman%2Flistinfo%2Fcoral-list&data=04%7C01%7Cpglynn%40rsmas.miami.edu%7C822a9915983e48eb1b8408d920ed52e6%7C2a144b72f23942d48c0e6f0f17c48e33%7C0%7C0%7C637577025950764458%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C1000&sdata=R8tdS2BmpJF0O5raRgkFu2qVIp5Z%2BaZC5AGi4yNQQJE%3D&reserved=0
>>>>>> <
>>> https://nam10.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcoral.aoml.noaa.gov%2Fmailman%2Flistinfo%2Fcoral-list&data=04%7C01%7Cpglynn%40rsmas.miami.edu%7C822a9915983e48eb1b8408d920ed52e6%7C2a144b72f23942d48c0e6f0f17c48e33%7C0%7C0%7C637577025950764458%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C1000&sdata=R8tdS2BmpJF0O5raRgkFu2qVIp5Z%2BaZC5AGi4yNQQJE%3D&reserved=0
>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>> _______________________________________________
>>>>> Coral-List mailing list
>>>>> Coral-List at coral.aoml.noaa.gov <mailto:Coral-List at coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
>>>>> https://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/mailman/listinfo/coral-list
>>>>> <https://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/mailman/listinfo/coral-list>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> ------------------------------
>>>>
>>>> Message: 4
>>>> Date: Thu, 27 May 2021 16:57:03 -0300
>>>> From: Ignacio Agudo <ignacioagudo at gmail.com>
>>>> To: coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov,
>>>> coral-list-owner at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
>>>> Cc: Ignacio Agudo <ignacioagudo at gmail.com>
>>>> Subject: [Coral-List] Cnidarian Plataform -- Research and Conservation
>>>> in Brazil and South America !
>>>> Message-ID:
>>>>
>>>> <CAMTCL61eXXEksx6RZgKLfUbzrboYCmdp-Kq5kRyqQqkB5Rrzpw at mail.gmail.com>
>>>> Content-Type: text/plain; charset="UTF-8"
>>>>
>>>> Dear coral listers,
>>>>
>>>> Cordial and respectful greetings !
>>>>
>>>> We would like to introduce you to our modest virtual space "Cnidarians
>>>> -
>>>> Research and Conservation in Brazil and South America" (= Cnid?rios -
>>>> Pesquisa e Conserva??o no Brasil e na Am?rica do Sul) <
>>>> https://www.facebook.com/groups/1391001107824116/ >, an autonomous
>>>> functional public group on Facebook created in January 13 2014 that is
>>> part
>>>> of so-called "AM Network for Scientific-Environmental Disclosure" (=
>>> Rede
>>>> AM de Divulga??o Cient?fico-Ambiental) and integral of the emerging
>>> "Latin
>>>> American Cnidaria Network - LaCNida" (= Red Latinoamericana de
>>>> Cnidaria/
>>>> Rede Latino-americana de Cnidaria) <
>>>> https://drive.google.com/file/d/1zSPUR3mAxG9dIwCHffG_vFwG9tn-E4yb/view
>>> --
>>>> see p. 12 ;
>>>>
>>> https://www.facebook.com/photo?fbid=2833154390125184&set=pcb.2591173964473485
>>>>> , created this last in November 05 2019, on the framework of the "II
>>>> Simposio Latinoamericano de Cnidarios", in the city of Mar del Plata,
>>>> Argentina < https://www.facebook.com/LACNIda ;
>>>> https://www.instagram.com/lacnida/?hl=es-la >.
>>>>
>>>> This is a comprehensive platform for research, consultation, reference,
>>>> guidance and scientific-environmental dissemination aimed specifically
>>>> at
>>>> promoting knowledge of Cnidarian biodiversity occurring in the
>>> Neotropical
>>>> geographic territories of Brazil, continental Americas and the
>>>> Caribbean
>>>> region, in order to concentrate and facilitate the permanent exchange
>>>> of
>>>> information related to the topic, admitting posts in Portuguese,
>>>> Spanish
>>>> and English languages <
>>> https://www.facebook.com/groups/1391001107824116/
>>>>> .
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> CNIDARIA, an exclusive and important phylum of aquatic invertebrates
>>>> that
>>>> comprises animal forms of radial symmetry, which have a ring of
>>>> tentacles
>>>> with urticating cells (cnidocytes) and have polymorphism, that is, two
>>>> possible body shapes: polyp and medusae, being in their great mostly
>>> marine
>>>> (known sea anemones, diverse coral forms and jellyfishes, among
>>>> others),
>>>> including some representatives occurring in inland continental
>>> freshwater/
>>>> limnics, which for a long time were grouped together with the
>>>> Ctenophores
>>>> (Ctenophora), in the ancient phylum Coelenterata (Celenterados), with
>>>> its
>>>> effective conservation the perpetuity in practice today proving to be
>>>> worryingly insufficient in view of the speed with which the "anthropic
>>>> actions" have been degrading / altering the natural marine-coastal and
>>>> fluvial environments that they occupy, so that every effort in that
>>>> sense
>>>> it becomes necessary and emergency.
>>>>
>>>> "Cnidarians - Research and Conservation in Brazil and South America" <
>>>> https://www.facebook.com/groups/1391001107824116/ >, an modest virtual
>>>> space at the service of "Citizen Science".
>>>>
>>>> --
>>>> *A. Ignacio Agudo-Padr?n*
>>>>
>>>> Geographer, Environmental Researcher
>>>> CEO Brazilian AM Network for
>>> Scientific-Environmental
>>>> Disclosure https://www.facebook.com/groups/877015675755297
>>>> Member Latin American Cnidaria Network -
>>>> LaCNida
>>>>
>>> http://www.facebook.com/photo?fbid=2833154390125184&set=pcb.2591173964473485
>>>> Southern Brazil
>>>> Caixa Postal (P.O.Box) 010,
>>>> 88010-970 Centro, Florian?polis, Santa Catarina/ SC,
>>>> Brasil
>>>> E-mail: ignacioagudo at gmail.com Curriculum:
>>>> http://lattes.cnpq.br/3951358740536805 ORCID iD:
>>>> https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9073-9049
>>>> ResearchGate
>>>> (some Contributions):
>>> https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Aisur_Agudo-
>>>> Padron/publications?sorting=newest
>>>> <
>>> https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Aisur_Agudo-Padron/publications?sorting=newest
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> ------------------------------
>>>>
>>>> Message: 5
>>>> Date: Thu, 27 May 2021 12:38:36 -0400
>>>> From: Phillip Dustan <phil.dustan at gmail.com>
>>>> To: Steve Mussman <sealab at earthlink.net>
>>>> Cc: "coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov" <coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
>>>> Subject: Re: [Coral-List] functional extinction of D. cylindrus on the
>>>> Florida Reef Tract.
>>>> Message-ID:
>>>>
>>>> <CA+xMoTZsah4juxYQuxQtWuyYNo1ovD-HUx_sR+pDrCFqUvELFQ at mail.gmail.com>
>>>> Content-Type: text/plain; charset="UTF-8"
>>>>
>>>> Ecological Infrastructure is at the heart of this issue.
>>>> Translating that to scientists is hard, to politicians more so, and
>>> nearly
>>>> impossible to the average westerner.
>>>> Native people understand it intuitively.
>>>> Reefs are sensitive because they are biological entities at the edge of
>>>> their evolutionary success.
>>>> By this I mean they are superbly adapted to their environmental limits,
>>> but
>>>> not to conditions they have not experienced the wrath of Natural
>>> Selection.
>>>> Now humans are increasing the "evolutionary goalposts" faster than
>>>> evolution allows for adaptation - or maybe not.
>>>> But it is clear we are witnessing (monitoring) a global selection
>>>> experiment with humans providing the selection pressures.
>>>> I see it much like the evolution of drug resistance bacteria; which
>>>> species/ecosystems/etc will survive humanity?
>>>> If only Humanity would embrace a Lovelockian perspective and realize we
>>>> can't make it without the rest of the Biosphere as a support mechanism.
>>>>
>>>> I would start by teaching that life is a process, not a thing.
>>>> Ecosystems represent the emergent properties of processes and are not
>>>> things to plunder.
>>>> They cannot be "restored" unless the selection pressures that "guide"
>>> these
>>>> processes are restored first, not as an afterthought.
>>>> You cannot build a bridge without a foundation. The same goes for a
>>> house,
>>>> road, financial system, an army, or a nation.
>>>> The foundations of ecosystems are physical and biological, just like
>>>> the
>>>> foundations for a nation are physical and social.
>>>> Humans will (maybe and hopefully) accept these ideas and integrate into
>>>> nature.
>>>>
>>>> Biogeochemistry and the evolved conservative properties of natural
>>> systems
>>>> are what I would want people to appreciate.
>>>> Westerners might be able to understand this in terms of garbage
>>>> picking:
>>>> Someone puts their old microwave on the curb for the trashman because
>>> they
>>>> got a new one for their birthday.
>>>> THe next bloke that comes along sees the old one and thinks. "Oh, a
>>>> microwave! I always wanted one but..."
>>>> He takes it home where it lasts for many years.
>>>> The moral is that someone's junk is another's treasure.
>>>> It happened with oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, and the list goes on and
>>> on
>>>> throughout the food web driving the biological arms race.
>>>>
>>>> Reefs evolved in the sea where there was lots of energy and almost no
>>>> nutrients, so selection favored the efficient capture and retention of
>>>> nutrients.
>>>> A few hundred million years of evolution in a benign, stable, and
>>>> predictable place and it is no wonder that nitrogen from sewage and
>>> runoff
>>>> is like crack cocaine to zooxanthellae..........
>>>> And all those fish we catch for food are equivalent to airplane
>>>> mechanics
>>>> that keep our fancy jet planes flying.
>>>> It's no mystery why fishing them off the reef leads to an ecological
>>>> crash.......
>>>> The list goes on as long as we care to make it.
>>>> So how do we become more aware?
>>>> Maybe try doing one thing each day to help the Biosphere heal.
>>>> Maybe vote with your dollars.
>>>> Remember, the ocean begins at your front door....
>>>>
>>>> Phil
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> On Thu, May 27, 2021 at 10:52 AM Steve via Coral-List <
>>>> coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov> wrote:
>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>> Dear Melanie and Judy,
>>>>>
>>>>> While I agree with both of you in general, to some extent this brings
>>>>> us
>>>>> back around to the bigger question at hand.
>>>>>
>>>>> What exactly is the message we want to put out there in the media and
>>>>> at
>>>>> the dinner table?
>>>>>
>>>>> Which ?conservation policies? do we want our elected officials to
>>>>> support?
>>>>>
>>>>> And to some extent, this ties into Ellen Prager?s question regarding
>>>>> the
>>>>> top three messages that the public and youth need to hear about coral
>>>>> reefs
>>>>> right now.
>>>>>
>>>>> I happen to agree with Phil Dustin?s perspective, but that doesn?t
>>>>> correspond to the messaging most commonly being amplified today.
>>>>>
>>>>> Most of the emphasis now in the coral sciences is on restoration and
>>>>> the
>>>>> development of super corals. I?ve been told countless times that
>>>>> promoting
>>>>> action to remedy the root causes is just doom and gloom and that will
>>>>> do
>>>>> nothing but cause the public to shut down or shun the topic all
>>> together.
>>>>> Well, I don?t see it that way. As I see it, it is the broader
>>>>> ecosystem/natural environment that needs to be restored. This does not
>>>>> mean
>>>>> that there is no role for coral restoration, but it does mean that
>>>>> there
>>>>> is
>>>>> an imperative need to clean up the water, reduce carbon emissions
>>>>> (lower
>>>>> ocean temperatures) and sustain a healthy level of fish biomass on our
>>>>> reefs. What is so negative about that? As Phil mentioned, there are
>>>>> similarities between the breakdown of this nation?s physical
>>>>> infrastructure
>>>>> and the dissolution of the earth?s ecological infrastructure. Why
>>>>> can?t
>>>>> we
>>>>> fix them both? They actually go hand in hand. So, I would suggest to
>>>>> Ellen
>>>>> that the top three messages are that coral reefs (and other
>>>>> ecosystems)
>>>>> are
>>>>> increasingly being threatened primarily by how we have chosen to live
>>> our
>>>>> lives. If we want healthy oceans and coral reefs we need to do the
>>>>> following:
>>>>>
>>>>> 1. Lower our carbon emissions. Address climate change.
>>>>>
>>>>> 2. Clean up the water (and the air, land/soil).
>>>>>
>>>>> 3. Learn to value nature and more sustainable lifestyles.
>>>>>
>>>>> In my opinion, young people will jump all over those messages.
>>>>>
>>>>> (I taught in the public schools for thirty years. Kids get it. Go ask
>>>>> Greta!)
>>>>>
>>>>> Those messages resonate much better than ?coral reefs are threatened
>>>>> and
>>>>> are dying so we are genetically altering them so they may be able to
>>>>> withstand all the increasing stressors that we will continue to
>>>>> produce
>>>>> because we are unwilling to change the way we live?.
>>>>>
>>>>> Best regards,
>>>>>
>>>>> Steve Mussman
>>>>>
>>>>> On 5/25/21, 12:11 PM, Judith Lang via Coral-List <
>>>>> coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov> wrote:
>>>>>
>>>>> Melanie,
>>>>>
>>>>> Thank you; you have perfectly articulated my feelings.
>>>>>
>>>>> None of us can do everything, but we can all do some things and, by
>>>>> now,
>>>>> we should all know what those are.
>>>>>
>>>>> Inaction has run out of excuses.
>>>>>
>>>>> Judy
>>>>>
>>>>> Judith Lang
>>>>>
>>>>> AGRRA Scientific Coordinator
>>>>>
>>>>>> On 25 May 2021, at 09:56, Melanie McField - HRI via Coral-List
>>>>>> wrote:
>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>> Coral Listers:
>>>>>
>>>>>> I agree with the urgency of addressing the root causes of coral
>>> decline
>>>>>
>>>>>> and there is some value in having such discussions among ourselves
>>>>>> (this
>>>>>
>>>>>> list or ISRS) - but the greater value will be gained if we all
>>>>> additionally
>>>>>
>>>>>> write letters and give interviews to local newspapers, online blogs,
>>>>>
>>>>>> political action committees etc. Coral reef conservation needs to be
>>>>>> a
>>>>>
>>>>>> topic of dinner conversations in regular (non-scientist) households
>>>>> across
>>>>>
>>>>>> the world - including the industrialized non-reef bearing countries
>>>>>> that
>>>>>
>>>>>> are contributing significantly to the climate and other pollution,
>>>>>> the
>>>>>
>>>>>> over-fishing and overdevelopment of sensitive coastal areas.
>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>> We also need to have clear instructions for what the average
>>>>>> citizens
>>>>>> can
>>>>>
>>>>>> do to help coral reefs. Support local efforts to curb pollution,
>>>>>
>>>>>> overdevelopment, and overfishing; eat lower on the food chain and
>>>>>> from
>>>>>> a
>>>>>
>>>>>> local supply chain; conserve energy use alternative energy; and
>>> support
>>>>>
>>>>>> politicians that support conservation - this last step is critical -
>>>>>> Vote
>>>>>
>>>>>> out the bad ones and help find and support more good ones. We can
>>>>>> all
>>>>> help
>>>>>
>>>>>> with this step - in our free time - of course- when not supported by
>>>>>> any
>>>>>
>>>>>> restricted funding.
>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>> Melanie
>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>> On Tue, May 25, 2021 at 6:56 AM Steve via Coral-List <
>>>>>
>>>>>> coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov> wrote:
>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>> Phil,
>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>> ?Our challenge is to change the political will to do the right
>>>>>>> thing?
>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>> The real challenge is for many of your colleagues to find the
>>>>>>> courage
>>>>>>> to
>>>>>
>>>>>>> speak truth to power as you just did.
>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>> And not just in the abstract or conclusion sections of
>>>>>>> peer-reviewed
>>>>>
>>>>>>> papers.
>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>> Seems like most would prefer to ride the current wave until it
>>>>>>> breaks
>>>>>
>>>>>>> safely on the sandy shore. By then they will have avoided the
>>>>>>> hazard
>>>>>>> of
>>>>>
>>>>>>> crashing on any remains of the jagged reef below.
>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>> Thanks to you and Doug for speaking out.
>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>> Steve
>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>> On 5/22/21, 2:36 PM, Phillip Dustan wrote:
>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>> Dear Listers,
>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>> So why is the loss of Dendrogyra from the Florida Keys new or even
>>>>>
>>>>>>> important news?
>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>> Humans have wrecked the Florida Keys- plain and simple.
>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>> Reefs corals are below 2% cover, having lost about 95-98% of their
>>>>>
>>>>>>> abundance to the nested stresses of humanity.
>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>> Lots of species are now rare or functionally extinct.
>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>> For example, you would be very hard put to find a Mycetophyllia
>>>>>>> ferox
>>>>>>> or
>>>>>
>>>>>>> M. lamarckiana or Scolymia cubensis on any of the patch or outer
>>>>>>> reefs.
>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>> Corals are so threatened that they have been taken to aquarium
>>>>>>> "safe
>>>>>
>>>>>>> houses" to avoid the most recent plague of SCTLD.
>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>> Bioerosion is "melting"the reef framework.
>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>> The inshore reefs are practically dead; Hens and Chickens died
>>>>>>> years
>>>>> ago.
>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>> Dendrogyra cylindrus has simply tracked along the same path.
>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>> And now, NOAA is going to fix the reefs by replanting them with
>>>>>>> super
>>>>>
>>>>>>> corals.
>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>> Please, give me a break!
>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>> The astonishing thing is the complacency of this august coral reef
>>>>>
>>>>>>> scientific community.
>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>> The Florida Keys (and SE Florida) reefs exist at the margin of reef
>>>>> growth
>>>>>
>>>>>>> in the Western Atlantic; on the environmental fringe along the
>>>>>>> North
>>>>>
>>>>>>> America eastern coastline.
>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>> The geography selected for tough, resilient species and it has
>>>>>>> taken
>>>>> them
>>>>>
>>>>>>> a long time (by human standards) to die from our greed and
>>>>>>> pollution.
>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>> Unless the environment is "restored" to parameters that promote
>>>>>>> reef
>>>>>
>>>>>>> growth (clean water, lower temperatures, no take, etc) the trend
>>>>>>> will
>>>>>
>>>>>>> continue downwards.
>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>> And there will be more sad stories to write and talk about.
>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>> And one day sooner than later the reefs will be functionally
>>>>>>> extinct;
>>>>> as a
>>>>>
>>>>>>> matter of fact they probably are now.
>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>> Maybe it is time for the Coral List to become more purposeful and
>>>>>>> focus
>>>>> on
>>>>>
>>>>>>> the real problems, rather than the little sound bites that keep
>>>>>>> popping
>>>>> up.
>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>> All this degradation and death of virtually every ecosystem on
>>>>>>> Earth
>>>>>>> is
>>>>>
>>>>>>> shouting at us loud and clear that we need to fix the ecological
>>>>>
>>>>>>> infrastructure.
>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>> Just like our decaying roads, bridges, schools, and electrical
>>>>>>> grid,
>>>>>>> the
>>>>>
>>>>>>> ecological infrastructure, the basis of our great nation, is
>>>>>>> busted.
>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>> The loss of Dendrogyra from the Florida Keys is just the most
>>>>>>> recent
>>>>> tiny
>>>>>
>>>>>>> tip of the monstrous landslide that is underway.
>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>> Imagine If all the managers, politicians, and other silent
>>>>>>> coral-list
>>>>>
>>>>>>> members were to combine with the scientists we might become a more
>>>>> potent
>>>>>
>>>>>>> political force for change.
>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>> But that would be against the "NOAA rules" that define the purpose
>>>>>>> of
>>>>> the
>>>>>
>>>>>>> coral list, wouldn't it.
>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>> Maybe the Rights of Future Generations should overide presentday
>>>>> politics?
>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>> We know what the issues are and we have some pretty good ideas on
>>> what
>>>>>
>>>>>>> needs to be done.
>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>> Our challenge is to change the political will to do the right
>>>>>>> thing.
>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>> Phil
>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>> On Fri, May 21, 2021 at 11:21 PM Douglas Fenner via Coral-List <
>>>>>
>>>>>>> coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
>>>>>>> (mailto:coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov)>
>>>>>
>>>>>>> wrote:
>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>> Here is the original article:
>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>> Rapid population decline of the Pillar Coral Dendrogyra cylindrus
>>>>>>> along
>>>>> the
>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>> Florida Reef Tract
>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>> https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2021.656515/full?fbclid=IwAR0KOjOkmwG05p6mvQoQZrn8Wi38z4fl2UKVK7SMizV5HzwzVGCJZ6aCFIo#B52
>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>> "Losses of 94% of coral tissue, 93% of colonies, and 86% of
>>>>>>> genotypes
>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>> between 2014 and the end of 2020 have led to functional extinction
>>>>>>> of
>>>>> *D.
>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>> cylindrus* on the FRT." (FRT = Florida Reef Tract)
>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>> "Large-scale efforts to improve water quality, and curb climate
>>> change
>>>>> are
>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>> also essential for creating the conditions that will allow for the
>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>> successful future restoration, survival, and wild reproduction of
>>> this
>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>> iconic and unique coral."
>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>> Folks, I think this is the thin end of the wedge, we are seeing the
>>>>> future
>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>> here, and it is ugly. The disease has spread widely in the
>>>>>>> Caribbean,
>>>>> and
>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>> this story is likely to be repeated over and over again across the
>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>> Caribbean, where the capacity to keep it alive and breed it in
>>>>> captivity is
>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>> less or non-existent. If we lose coral species, we can't put Humpty
>>>>> Dumpty
>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>> (the coral reef ecosystem) back together again.
>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>> This species, and *Ctenella chagius*, largely endemic to the Chagos
>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>> archipelago in the Indian Ocean, appear to me to be the two most
>>>>> endangered
>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>> coral species we know of on the planet. *Ctenella* has had a
>>>>>>> population
>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>> reduction of more than 99%, and the next big bleaching event there
>>>>>>> could
>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>> well finish it off. Attempts to keep it alive in captivity have
>>>>>>> failed,
>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>> and there is no facility for doing so in the archipelago. Freezing
>>>>>>> sperm
>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>> cannot save it. It is the only species in its genus, and there are
>>>>>>> only
>>>>> a
>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>> few species in its family, it is also listed as an EDGE coral. EDGE
>>>>>>> =
>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>> Evolutionarily Distinct and Globally Endangered.
>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>> https://www.edgeofexistence.org/
>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>> For the Ctenella story, see:
>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>> Coral mass mortalities in the Chagos Archipelago over 40 years:
>>>>>>> Regional
>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>> species and assemblage extinctions and
>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>> indications of positive feedbacks. Marine Pollution Bulletin 154:
>>>>>>> 111075
>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>> https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0025326X20301934
>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>> Included are some local coral extinctions, and references to more
>>>>>>> local
>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>> coral extinctions in Pacific Panama. The extinction wave of corals
>>> has
>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>> begun, and it isn't pretty.
>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>> Cheers, Doug
>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>> On Fri, May 21, 2021 at 12:17 AM Steve Mussman via Coral-List <
>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>> coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
>>>>>>> (mailto:coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov)>
>>>>>
>>>>>>> wrote:
>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>> https://www.wlrn.org/news/2021-05-19/pillar-coral-was-already-rare-on-florida-reefs-now-biologists-say-its-extinct
>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Whether we and our politicians know it or not, Nature is party to
>>> all
>>>>> our
>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>>> deals and decisions, and she has more votes, a longer memory, and
>>>>>>>> a
>>>>>
>>>>>>> sterner
>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>>> sense of justice than we do. (Wendell Berry)
>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>>> _______________________________________________
>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Coral-List mailing list
>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Coral-List at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
>>>>>>>> (mailto:Coral-List at coral.aoml.noaa.gov)
>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>>> https://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/mailman/listinfo/coral-list
>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>> _______________________________________________
>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>> Coral-List mailing list
>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>> Coral-List at coral.aoml.noaa.gov (mailto:
>>> Coral-List at coral.aoml.noaa.gov)
>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>> https://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/mailman/listinfo/coral-list
>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>> --
>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>> Phillip Dustan PhD
>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>> Charleston SC 29424
>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>> 843-953-8086 office
>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>> 843-224-3321 (mobile)
>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>> "When we try to pick out anything by itself
>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>> we find that it is bound fast by a thousand invisible cords
>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>> that cannot be broken, to everything in the universe. "
>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>> John Muir 1869
>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>> A Swim Through TIme on Carysfort Reef
>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>> https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TCPJE7UE6sA
>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>> Raja Ampat Sustainability Project video
>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>> https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1RR2SazW_VY&fbclid=IwAR09oZkEk8wQkK6LN3XzVGPgAWSujACyUfe2Ist__nYxRRSkDE_jAYqkJ7A
>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>> Bali Coral Bleaching 2016 video
>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>> https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yxOfLTnPSUo
>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>> TEDx Charleston on saving coral reefs
>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>> https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iwENBNrfKj4
>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>> Google Scholar Citations:
>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>> https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=HCwfXZ0AAAAJ
>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>> _______________________________________________
>>>>>
>>>>>>> Coral-List mailing list
>>>>>
>>>>>>> Coral-List at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
>>>>>
>>>>>>> https://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/mailman/listinfo/coral-list
>>>>>
>>>>>> _______________________________________________
>>>>>
>>>>>> Coral-List mailing list
>>>>>
>>>>>> Coral-List at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
>>>>>
>>>>>> https://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/mailman/listinfo/coral-list
>>>>>
>>>>> _______________________________________________
>>>>>
>>>>> Coral-List mailing list
>>>>>
>>>>> Coral-List at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
>>>>>
>>>>> https://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/mailman/listinfo/coral-list
>>>>>
>>>>> _______________________________________________
>>>>> Coral-List mailing list
>>>>> Coral-List at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
>>>>> https://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/mailman/listinfo/coral-list
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> --
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> Phillip Dustan PhD
>>>> Charleston SC 29424
>>>> 843-953-8086 office
>>>> 843-224-3321 (mobile)
>>>>
>>>> "When we try to pick out anything by itself
>>>> we find that it is bound fast by a thousand invisible cords
>>>> that cannot be broken, to everything in the universe. "
>>>> * John Muir 1869*
>>>>
>>>> *A Swim Through TIme on Carysfort Reef*
>>>> https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TCPJE7UE6sA
>>>> *Raja Ampat Sustainability Project video*
>>>>
>>> https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1RR2SazW_VY&fbclid=IwAR09oZkEk8wQkK6LN3XzVGPgAWSujACyUfe2Ist__nYxRRSkDE_jAYqkJ7A
>>>> *Bali Coral Bleaching 2016 video*
>>>>
>>>> *https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yxOfLTnPSUo
>>>> <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yxOfLTnPSUo>*
>>>> TEDx Charleston on saving coral reefs
>>>> https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iwENBNrfKj4
>>>> Google Scholar Citations:
>>>> https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=HCwfXZ0AAAAJ
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> ------------------------------
>>>>
>>>> Message: 6
>>>> Date: Thu, 27 May 2021 10:18:53 -1100
>>>> From: Douglas Fenner <douglasfennertassi at gmail.com>
>>>> To: coral list <coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
>>>> Subject: [Coral-List] local management can improve bleaching outcomes
>>>> Message-ID:
>>>>
>>>> <CAOEmEkGWFJiLWe36SBHs-zTkQDJrpUvhA9=yBbfDSzxVCmUiUA at mail.gmail.com>
>>>> Content-Type: text/plain; charset="UTF-8"
>>>>
>>>> Local management matters for coral reefs
>>>>
>>>> https://science.sciencemag.org/content/372/6545/908
>>>>
>>>> Local conditions magnify coral loss after marine heatwaves
>>>>
>>>> https://science.sciencemag.org/content/372/6545/977
>>>>
>>>> "Climate change threatens coral reefs by causing heat stress events
>>>> that
>>>> lead to widespread coral bleaching and mortality. Given the global
>>>> nature
>>>> of these mass coral mortality events, recent studies argue that
>>> mitigating
>>>> climate change is the only path to conserve coral reefs. Using a global
>>>> analysis of 223 sites, we show that local stressors act synergistically
>>>> with climate change to kill corals. Local factors such as high
>>>> abundance
>>> of
>>>> macroalgae or urchins magnified coral loss in the year after bleaching.
>>>> Notably, the combined effects of increasing heat stress and macroalgae
>>>> intensified coral loss. Our results offer an optimistic premise that
>>>> effective local management, alongside global efforts to mitigate
>>>> climate
>>>> change, can help coral reefs survive the Anthropocene."
>>>>
>>>> Not open access. See author email address.
>>>>
>>>> Cheers, Doug
>>>> --
>>>> Douglas Fenner
>>>> Lynker Technologies, LLC, Contractor
>>>> NOAA Fisheries Service
>>>> Pacific Islands Regional Office
>>>> Honolulu
>>>> and:
>>>> Coral Reef Consulting
>>>> PO Box 997390
>>>> Pago Pago, American Samoa 96799-6298 USA
>>>>
>>>> Slashing emissions by 2050 isn't enough. We can bring down temperature
>>>> now.
>>>>
>>> https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/climate-deadlines-super-pollutants-hfcs-methane/2021/04/15/acb8c612-9d7d-11eb-b7a8-014b14aeb9e4_story.html
>>>>
>>>> Humans have destroyed 97% of earth's ecosystems
>>>> (well, more like only 3% are fully intact)
>>>> https://a.msn.com/r/2/BB1fH7DT?m=en-us&referrerID=InAppShare
>>>>
>>>> Study: One-third of plant and animal species could be gone in 50 years.
>>>> (but 2-4 times worse in tropics)
>>>> https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2020-02/uoa-soo021220.php
>>>> https://www.pnas.org/content/117/8/4211
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> ------------------------------
>>>>
>>>> Message: 7
>>>> Date: Thu, 27 May 2021 12:46:54 -0700
>>>> From: Nathan Mccall <namccall at ucsc.edu>
>>>> To: coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
>>>> Subject: [Coral-List] Summary of Goals from Other Listers/Science Not
>>>> Politics will Save our Ecosystems
>>>> Message-ID:
>>>>
>>>> <CAALuORts72RY7VAf_94czXqCkV95mJS6VsjoyM0Zfet5iwn2sA at mail.gmail.com>
>>>> Content-Type: text/plain; charset="UTF-8"
>>>>
>>>> Dear Listers,
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> I am new to this email listing, but I am very moved by the emails that
>>> you
>>>> have sent regarding the situation regarding ecosystems, specifically
>>>> ones
>>>> involving coral reefs, are changing around the world.
>>>>
>>>> Here is a paper about the changing ocean temperatures?
>>>>
>>>> https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00376-021-0447-x.pdf
>>>>
>>>> Even if we stopped emissions today, the climate has irreversibly
>>>> changed
>>>> across the world. Positive feedback loops are already starting for the
>>>> worse.
>>>>
>>>> https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4608041/
>>>>
>>>> https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2632717/
>>>>
>>>> I am not trying to be all doom and gloom, but as an undergraduate who
>>>> has
>>>> watched forest fires almost consume my University last year due to
>>> climate
>>>> change, I think as scientists, we should approach this problem
>>>> realistically.
>>>>
>>>> Here are some of the goals that were presented by some of the listers:
>>>>
>>>> Let?s tackle the root of every goal and how to achieve them.
>>>>
>>>> 1. Lower Carbon Emissions
>>>>
>>>> If you want to change 7 billion people?s lifestyles, please let me know
>>> how
>>>> you are going to do that, I cannot think of ways besides improving
>>>> technology surrounding replacing carbon emitting machines. As countries
>>>> around the world develop towards looking like the ?western countries?
>>> like
>>>> the United States, why would they approach development differently than
>>> us
>>>> if they cannot afford to be sustainable.
>>>>
>>>> Proposition: Improve cheaper engines that are non-carbon emitting
>>>> (cars,
>>>> electricity, transportation) and sustainable
>>>>
>>>> 2. Address Climate Change, Learn to value nature and more sustainable
>>>> lifestyles,
>>>>
>>>> If we stopped emitting carbon dioxide today, there would still be great
>>>> change across the world?s ecosystems. Addressing climate change is
>>> already
>>>> something that everyone on this listing probably does. To put the
>>>> weight
>>> of
>>>> sustainability on the common people of this world without looking at
>>> those
>>>> that produce the most carbon emissions, the capitalistic organizations
>>>> without any sort of regulation is outright ignorant. 100 companies
>>> produce
>>>> 71% of GHG emissions around the world. When people are presented
>>>> without
>>> a
>>>> choice to be sustainable because they cannot live due to being in
>>> poverty,
>>>> why should they be the ones to be responsible for this planet? Many
>>> people
>>>> never had a choice to begin with.
>>>>
>>>> 3. Clean up the water(and the air,land/soil)
>>>>
>>>> Usually, this sounds like a great idea. However, we need to address the
>>>> root problem about clean environments. How will we reduce runoff from
>>>> precipitation, agriculture, fertilizers, and everything that spills
>>>> into
>>>> the ocean and our land without proper mitigation efforts? Research has
>>> been
>>>> done to figure out how to eliminate nitrogen, fertilizers, oil runoff,
>>> etc.
>>>> from our waterways, land, and air, but if you are interested, people
>>>> reading this should find how scientists today are taking that next
>>>> step.
>>>>
>>>> 4. Reduce overfishing, Eat lower on the food chain
>>>>
>>>> This can be completely reduced if we find ways to engineer lab grown
>>>> fish
>>>> and meat to replace fishing in the oceans. There are already current
>>>> ways
>>>> but not cheap enough to replace food in the marketplace. If this is
>>>> achieved, we can reach this goal.
>>>>
>>>> 5. Support politicians that support conservation
>>>>
>>>> Preaching to the choir is not going to change anything. Let us not
>>>> waste
>>>> time on this forum discussing what we already know when we already are
>>>> running out of time. If you care this much, please provide papers or if
>>>> there is relevant research that you are conducting, I invite you to
>>> share.
>>>> Science is the one way out of climate change regardless of whether
>>>> people
>>>> act in a way that would value nature and sustainable lifestyles as
>>> climate
>>>> is already irrevocably changed. Although we already have seen through
>>> this
>>>> pandemic how many people there are, I do not know if it is worth our
>>>> time
>>>> trying to change the minds of the Donald Trumps, Marjorie Taylors, or
>>>> whatever equivalent politician figure in your country. Also most if not
>>> all
>>>> politicians are driven solely by money from lobbying companies. Please
>>>> understand that sometimes politics' best interest is not in people,
>>>> it's
>>> in
>>>> the lining of their pockets.
>>>>
>>>> If I missed any, please let me know. I can probably go deeper in every
>>>> single goal that was presented by some of the listers. Please. Share
>>>> papers, share your research, share what you are doing rather than just
>>>> preaching. Science and innovation will be the one way out of this
>>>> horrendous mess. However, we are also running out of time.
>>>>
>>>> I am personally interested in Symbiodinium as they are a prime factor
>>>> in
>>>> corals? survival. Here are some papers that I am currently reading.
>>>>
>>>> Local adaptation constrains the distribution potential of heat-tolerant
>>>> *Symbiodinium* from the Persian/Arabian Gulf
>>>>
>>>> https://www.nature.com/articles/ismej201580
>>>> Symbiont community stability through severe coral bleaching in a
>>> thermally
>>>> extreme lagoon*https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5445074/
>>>> <https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5445074/> *
>>>>
>>>> Clade D *Symbiodinium* in Scleractinian Corals: A ?Nugget? of Hope, a
>>>> Selfish Opportunist, an Ominous Sign, or All of the Above?
>>>>
>>>> *https://www.hindawi.com/journals/jmb/2011/730715/
>>>> <https://www.hindawi.com/journals/jmb/2011/730715/> *
>>>>
>>>> Regarding Dendrogyra cylindrus, I do not know what the best course of
>>>> action is. What can I say is that if we cannot mitigate, we must
>>>> prepare
>>>> for the impacts once species like D. cylindrus go extinct permanently.
>>> What
>>>> are the impacts on the larger ecosystem if the species fails? What
>>>> could
>>>> perhaps replace them if all else fails and we have no choice. What
>>>> niche
>>>> opens up when these species stop existing?
>>>>
>>>> I am new to this field; I am only a second-year undergraduate. Please
>>> take
>>>> my opinion with a grain of salt but also understand this is how a
>>>> 20-year-old undergraduate in science sees the current situation. I am
>>>> trying my hardest. If my opinions are baseless, please let me know, I
>>>> do
>>>> not want to continue forward being blind and ignorant if I am being
>>>> foolish.
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> Best Regards,
>>>>
>>>> Nathan
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> Nathan McCall
>>>> UCSC Undergraduate, BMEB Declared Major
>>>>
>>>> namccall at ucsc.edu
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> ------------------------------
>>>>
>>>> Message: 8
>>>> Date: Thu, 27 May 2021 21:04:24 +0000
>>>> From: Peter Sale < <sale at uwindsor.ca>
>>
>> --
>> William F. Precht
>>
>> “You never know how strong you are until being strong is the only choice
>> you have”
>>
>> Bob Marley
>>
>>
>> "Courage is not having the strength to go on; it is going on when you don't
>> have the strength."
>>
>> Theodore Roosevelt
>>
>
>
> --
> Cordial saludo,
>
> Nohora Galvis
>
> Directora Observatorio Pro Arrecifes
> Fundación ICRI Colombia
> Coordinadora Red Internacional de Observadores Voluntarios del Arrecife
> Follow us on:
> Facebook.com/ICRI.COLOMBIA
> Twitter @ArrecifesCoral e @ICRIcolombia
> Instagram ObservatorioArrecifesCoral
> Youtube ICRI Colombia
> https://icri-colombia.es.tl/
> _______________________________________________
> Coral-List mailing list
> Coral-List at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
> https://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/mailman/listinfo/coral-list
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