[Coral-List] Dendrogyra and why we aren't saving the reefs

Thu Jun 10 17:49:34 UTC 2021

Steve G.,

You recognise that the high population would be unsustainable and suspect
that Nature "will cause a major readjustment, most likely in the form of a
pandemic or mass starvation".  Why leave the fate of the human population
to pandemic and mass starvation?

Paul Nurse (What is life? 2021, W. W. Norton & Company, p. 126) wrote:
"Debates about the public good need to be driven by knowledge, evidence and
rational thinking, and not by ideology, unsubstantiated beliefs, greed or
political extremes."  He noted, "time for politics is *after *the science
not *before" *(*ibidem*)*.*

Cheers,

Vassil

On Thu, Jun 10, 2021 at 10:07 AM Steve Gittings - NOAA Federal <
steve.gittings at noaa.gov> wrote:

> The high population would be unsustainable, yes. There simply aren’t
> enough resources. I don’t believe it would necessarily cause the extinction
> of our species, but at some point I suspect  Nature will cause be a major
> readjustment, most likely in the form of a pandemic or mass starvation.
>
> On Thu, Jun 10, 2021 at 7:44 AM Vassil Zlatarski via Coral-List <
> coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov> wrote:
>
>> Steve G.,
>>
>> So, for "the biggest of all our problems" in a professional sense you "can
>> make a strong case for it is a problem" without any recommendations, and
>> about your personal choice as a human you "don't know, so [you] don't give
>> advice".  Please, the question is still pending: Will human life on Earth
>> become unsustainable unless population growth is held in check?
>>
>> Cheers,
>>
>> Vassil
>>
>>
>> On Wed, Jun 9, 2021 at 10:54 AM Steve Gittings - NOAA Federal <
>> steve.gittings at noaa.gov> wrote:
>>
>> > Vassil - If I understand your question, my answer is that, in a
>> > professional sense, I don't have the training that would make me a
>> credible
>> > expert who can recommend ways to control human population growth,
>> though I
>> > can make a strong case for it as a problem.  As a human, choices are
>> > personal - children/no children, family size - maybe stopping after one
>> or
>> > two children.  What's the best choice?  I don't know, so I don't
>> > give advice.
>> >
>> > On Wed, Jun 9, 2021 at 7:25 AM Vassil Zlatarski via Coral-List <
>> > coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov> wrote:
>> >
>> >> Hello Steve G.,
>> >>
>> >> You noted that this is "the biggest of all our problems''.  Will human
>> >> life
>> >> on Earth become unsustainable unless population growth is held in
>> check?
>> >>
>> >> Would you please specify what kind of limited expertise you have in
>> mind,
>> >> the one of a specific employee/professional, or of a habitant of the
>> >> planet?
>> >>
>> >> Cheers,
>> >>
>> >> Vassil
>> >>
>> >> On Mon, Jun 7, 2021 at 11:36 AM Steve Gittings - NOAA Federal via
>> >> Coral-List <coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov> wrote:
>> >>
>> >> > Alina - I doubt you get many arguments on this issue.  I agree that
>> it's
>> >> > the biggest of all our problems, and, unfortunately, the least
>> >> tractable.
>> >> > But the reason you may not hear a lot of us discussing it is that
>> it's
>> >> > beyond our expertise to recommend ways to deal with it.
>> >> >
>> >> > Steve
>> >> >
>> >> > On Mon, Jun 7, 2021 at 9:24 AM Alina Szmant via Coral-List <
>> >> > coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov> wrote:
>> >> >
>> >> > > From: Alina Szmant
>> >> > > Sent: Saturday, June 5, 2021 10:44 AM
>> >> > > To: Steve Gittings - NOAA Federal <steve.gittings at noaa.gov>; Steve
>> >> > > Mussman <sealab at earthlink.net>
>> >> > > Cc: Peter Sale <sale at uwindsor.ca>
>> >> > > Subject: RE: [Coral-List] Dendrogyra and why we aren't saving the
>> >> reefs
>> >> > >
>> >> > > Hello Steve et al:
>> >> > >
>> >> > > I have been following this discussion over the past week or so,
>> and I
>> >> > told
>> >> > > myself "don't reply... nobody what to hear me repeat myself for the
>> >> > > umpteenth time!!!. But I just can't help myself:
>> >> > >
>> >> > > The reason we aren't able to save coral reefs (or any other natural
>> >> > > ecosystem for that matter) is because like nicely behaved
>> ostriches,
>> >> > human
>> >> > > society is sticking it's head in the sand and has it's head full of
>> >> > wishful
>> >> > > thinking.
>> >> > >
>> >> > > We can't save coral reefs (or any other ecosystem on Earth) is
>> >> because we
>> >> > > are closing our eyes and ears to the MAJOR cause of Earth ecosystem
>> >> > > decline: the increasingly larger size of the human population with
>> >> all of
>> >> > > the activities each of us do each day: some essential and some just
>> >> for
>> >> > > fun. All of the management and conservation efforts being made
>> daily
>> >> by
>> >> > so
>> >> > > many well meaning people and organizations is being nullified and
>> >> worse
>> >> > by
>> >> > > the daily increase of several thousand people each and every day.
>> 83
>> >> > > Million people per year. Check out this Human Odometer to see what
>> is
>> >> > > happening out there while you are deliberating the best measures to
>> >> take
>> >> > to
>> >> > > save coral reefs:
>> >> > >
>> >> > > https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/
>> >> > >
>> >> > > As long as humanity and our leaders, and especially for coral
>> reefs,
>> >> reef
>> >> > > aficionados, are not willing to elevate the rate of human
>> population
>> >> > growth
>> >> > > and the oppressive number of humans on Earth to the No 1 position
>> of
>> >> the
>> >> > > causes of decline of coral reefs (and all other Earth ecosystems),
>> you
>> >> > are
>> >> > > putting band aids on cuts here and there of a victim whose throat
>> has
>> >> > been
>> >> > > cut and is bleeding to death.
>> >> > >
>> >> > > We were unable to deal with environmental destruction, social
>> equity,
>> >> > > pollution, overfishing, satisfying demands for cheap energy and
>> food
>> >> and
>> >> > > other resources back when there were only 3.5 Billion people on
>> Earth
>> >> > (back
>> >> > > in 1968 when Paul Ehrlich published the Population Bomb), so we
>> >> certainly
>> >> > > are not going to be any better at this when we now have almost 8
>> >> Billion
>> >> > > people to deal with. And as we all well know, in our misguided
>> human
>> >> > > anthropocentric mentality, nature falls flat in face of the needs
>> of
>> >> > nearby
>> >> > > humans.
>> >> > >
>> >> > > Last time I will EVER post on this issue. Have fun chasing your
>> tails
>> >> on
>> >> > > this issue.
>> >> > >
>> >> > > Alina
>> >> > >
>> >> > >
>> >> > >
>> >> > >
>> >>
>> *************************************************************************
>> >> > > Dr. Alina M. Szmant, CEO
>> >> > > CISME Instruments LLC
>> >> > > 210 Braxlo Lane,
>> >> > > Wilmington NC 28409 USA
>> >> > > AAUS Scientific Diving Lifetime Achievement Awardee
>> >> > > cell: 910-200-3913
>> >> > > EMAIL: alina at cisme-instruments.com
>> >> > > Website:  www.cisme-instruments.com
>> >> > >
>> >> > > CISME IS NOW SOLD BY QUBIT SYSTEMS;
>> https://qubitbiology.com/cisme/
>> >> > >
>> >> > >
>> >> > > **********************************************************
>> >> > > Videos:  CISME Promotional Video 5:43 min
>> >> > > https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VAYeR9qX71A&t=6s
>> >> > > CISME Short version Demo Video 3:00 min
>> >> > > https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fa4SqS7yC08
>> >> > > CISME Cucalorus 10x10 Sketch   4:03 min
>> >> > > https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=12sAV8oUluE
>> >> > >
>> >> > >
>> >> > > -----Original Message-----
>> >> > > From: Coral-List <coral-list-bounces at coral.aoml.noaa.gov> On
>> Behalf
>> >> Of
>> >> > > Steve Gittings - NOAA Federal via Coral-List
>> >> > > Sent: Friday, June 4, 2021 5:05 PM
>> >> > > To: Steve Mussman <sealab at earthlink.net>
>> >> > > Cc: coral list <coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Peter Sale <
>> >> > > sale at uwindsor.ca>
>> >> > > Subject: Re: [Coral-List] Dendrogyra
>> >> > >
>> >> > > Steve - I wonder if the main reasons behind our failure to save
>> coral
>> >> > > reefs include 1) the geographic scale of the problems, 2) the need
>> for
>> >> > > multinational cooperation to achieve results, 3) the unwillingness
>> of
>> >> > > enough of us to change our lifestyle, and 4) the reluctance of
>> those
>> >> with
>> >> > > real power to effect changes in sectors causing substantial harm at
>> >> large
>> >> > > scales.  These seem to be much greater challenges than any barriers
>> >> > caused
>> >> > > by what are mostly esoteric disagreements among scientists.  To me,
>> >> those
>> >> > > seem small in comparison. I actually believe the science community
>> >> would
>> >> > > agree on most of the measures that should be taken to protect
>> healthy
>> >> > reefs
>> >> > > and promote recovery in others, and we need to continue to advocate
>> >> for
>> >> > > those.  My fear is that the existing social and political status
>> quo
>> >> > > (meaning each, and all of us) is preventing change at scales
>> needed to
>> >> > see
>> >> > > results.  I truly hope we can overcome that.
>> >> > >
>> >> > > Steve
>> >> > >
>> >> > > On Fri, Jun 4, 2021 at 8:49 AM Steve Mussman <sealab at earthlink.net
>> >
>> >> > wrote:
>> >> > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > Steve,
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > Mine was just a visceral reaction to the proposition that the
>> >> tragedy
>> >> > > > befalling coral reefs could be characterized as an opportunity by
>> >> > > > some, financial or otherwise was how it was put. That aside, how
>> can
>> >> > > > we ever expect long term solutions to materialize if they are not
>> >> > > > being universally prioritized within the coral science
>> community?  I
>> >> > > > mean, I keep hearing what has become a slogan on this list “We
>> all
>> >> know
>> >> > > what we must do . . .
>> >> > > > It’s time to speak with one voice”, but apparently there is
>> >> something
>> >> > > > keeping that one voice in check. Perhaps your analysis explains
>> it
>> >> > best.
>> >> > > > After all, we should acknowledge that these undercurrents exist.
>> I
>> >> > > > think the bottom line is that the coral science community has
>> become
>> >> > > > somewhat polarized - encompassing more than one vision of
>> “success”.
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > Steve Mussman
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > On 6/2/21, 2:40 PM, Steve Gittings - NOAA Federal
>> >> > > > <steve.gittings at noaa.gov>
>> >> > > > wrote:
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > I didn't say anything about giving up.  I'm suggesting that some
>> >> > > > places may have to face a near-term reality that none of us would
>> >> wish
>> >> > > on anyone.
>> >> > > > Failure of ecosystem services.  It doesn't help them in the short
>> >> term
>> >> > > > if we overlook that possibility.  While long-term solutions are
>> >> > > > obviously needed soon, I'm suggesting we also need to prepare for
>> >> > > > significant changes on much shorter time frames.
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > On Wed, Jun 2, 2021 at 1:06 PM Steve Mussman via Coral-List <
>> >> > > > coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov> wrote:
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > . . . “I think it would help to consider a world where failure
>> >> > > > actually IS an option”.
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > I’m still trying to wrap my head around this concept.
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > How can we possibly continue to envision or even maintain any
>> hope
>> >> for
>> >> > > > implementing the changes needed to save coral reefs from the
>> >> continued
>> >> > > > downward spiral if coral scientists have given up and moved on to
>> >> > > > “instead recognize that with impending disaster comes
>> opportunity,
>> >> > > > whether financial or otherwise”.
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > So, what does this say about the prospects of “saving” what
>> remains
>> >> of
>> >> > > > the world’s coral reefs?
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > Oh, right, that’s where recognizing opportunity comes into play.
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > Steve
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > On 5/31/21, 12:46 PM, Steve Gittings - NOAA Federal via
>> Coral-List <
>> >> > > > coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov> wrote:
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > Bill,
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > We each have opinions and concerns about political will and the
>> >> > > > likelihood
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > of seeing changes on the scale needed to save reefs from
>> continued
>> >> > loss.
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > But while people valiantly try to turn things around using
>> existing
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > socio-political approaches, I think it would help to consider a
>> >> world
>> >> > > > where
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > failure actually IS an option.
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > Let's objectively imagine a collective future when people and
>> >> > > > economies
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > that now depend on reefs have none. The science community knows
>> the
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > resource and ecosystem service consequences, and I think we would
>> >> > > > agree
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > that it is our role to make sure those are clearly communicated
>> - as
>> >> > > > you
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > say, "speak with one voice." But to make progress with those
>> whose
>> >> > > > work
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > has changed the world during past crises, including corporations,
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > philanthropists, and yes, politicians, we need to resist
>> ascribing
>> >> > > > blame
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > (that's not directed at your message, which did not do that). Few
>> >> are
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > motivated by being blamed. Problem-solvers - even those that may
>> >> have
>> >> > > > some
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > culpability - instead recognize that with impending disaster
>> comes
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > opportunity, whether financial or otherwise. I believe our
>> priority
>> >> as
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > scientists should be to empower them with awareness, constructive
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > information, and advice.
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > As reefs disappear, new food production, distribution, and
>> financing
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > systems will be needed to support the importation of protein,
>> >> > > > construction
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > of coastal and offshore aquaculture facilities and artificial
>> reefs,
>> >> > > > and
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > perhaps expansion and diversification of terrestrial agriculture.
>> >> New
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > infrastructure will be needed to deal with nuisance flooding,
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > increased coastal erosion, transportation safety, utilities,
>> energy
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > production, and disaster response. And training will have to be
>> >> > > > supported
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > and promoted to prepare people with new skills that synchronize
>> with
>> >> > > > the
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > transition. We need corporate and government leaders and
>> >> > > > philanthropists
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > to recognize that these needs are not only opportunities that
>> could
>> >> > > > bolster
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > tourism-based economies, but alternatively, could support the
>> >> > > > transition
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > away from them. Effective diversification planning could
>> accomplish
>> >> > both.
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > Few coral reef scientists work directly in these areas, but we
>> know
>> >> > > > how we
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > got here and how ecosystems might respond to many of the changes.
>> >> So,
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > while none of us prefer a future without coral reefs, and while
>> we
>> >> > > > continue
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > to fight for other solutions, we have a responsibility to
>> consider
>> >> our
>> >> > > > role
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > if we fail to protect or restore coral reefs.
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > Steve
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > On Mon, May 31, 2021 at 9:17 AM William Precht via Coral-List <
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov> wrote:
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > To be blunt - my point was while we are bickering about whether
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > *Dendrogyra* was
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > or not it was an important reef builder and the importance of
>> >> losing
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > individual species even if they were always rare - we are
>> missing
>> >> > > > > the
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > bigger picture. In the last four decades we have watched reef
>> >> after
>> >> > > > > reef
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > go up in flames. Some due to local causes but most to to
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > overarching regional and global issues associated with global
>> >> > > > > climate
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > change. *Dendrogyra cylindrus* is nothing more than a
>> bellwether
>> >> > > > > species
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > that is giving us a glimpse of the future. .Dendrogyra is a
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > beautiful iconic species and seeing a giant colony on a dive is
>> >> awe
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > inspiring. I remember making a dive in the Florida Keys to a
>> site
>> >> > > > > known
>> >> > > > as
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > the "Pillar Forest." There were over 200 columns at this one
>> site!
>> >> > > > > They
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > are now ALL gone - dead from a variety of causes - but the main
>> >> and
>> >> > > > > final
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > blow was from SCTLD.
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > People have been talking about reefs as being like "canaries
>> in a
>> >> > > > > coal
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > mine" - well that canary has a very bad case of COPD and it's
>> >> > > > > getting
>> >> > > > worse
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > day by day. This week the average CO2 concentration at the
>> Mauna
>> >> Loa
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > Observatory was 419.02 ppm. In 2009 Veron et al. wrote a
>> >> manuscript
>> >> > > > > of
>> >> > > > the
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > need to maintain CO2 concentrations below 350 ppm for the
>> future
>> >> > > > > survival
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > of coral reef ecosystems. That number came from a quote by Dr.
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > James Hansen during testimony to the US Congress where he
>> stated
>> >> “If
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > humanity wishes to preserve a planet similar to that on which
>> >> > > > civilization
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > developed and to which life on Earth is adapted, paleoclimate
>> >> > > > > evidence
>> >> > > > and
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > ongoing climate change suggest that CO2 will need to be
>> reduced …
>> >> to
>> >> > > > > at
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > most 350 ppm.” The math is pretty simple - we are going in the
>> >> wrong
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > direction. We all know what we must do - the question is do we
>> >> have
>> >> > > > > the
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > political will to make the changes necessary. My note was a
>> call
>> >> to
>> >> > > > > the
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > 10,000 people that are as passionate as coral reefs as I am
>> that
>> >> > > > > exchange
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > ideas on this Coral-List serve. It's time to speak with one
>> voice.
>> >> > > > > We
>> >> > > > need
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > to be heard. We can make a difference. The alternative -
>> failing
>> >> > > > > (which
>> >> > > > we
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > are doing quite admirably) - is not an option.
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > WFP
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > Veron, J.E., Hoegh-Guldberg, O., Lenton, T.M., Lough, J.M.,
>> Obura,
>> >> > > > > D.O.,
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > Pearce-Kelly, P.A.U.L., Sheppard, C.R., Spalding, M.,
>> >> > > > > Stafford-Smith,
>> >> > > > M.G.
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > and Rogers, A.D., 2009. The coral reef crisis: The critical
>> >> > > > > importance
>> >> > > > of<
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > 350 ppm CO2. *Marine pollution bulletin*, *58*(10),
>> pp.1428-1436.
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > On Sat, May 29, 2021 at 9:38 AM Dennis Hubbard > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > wrote:
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > > Bill makes excellent points, but we always return to the same
>> >> > > issue....
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > is
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > > the loss of "species X "the problem to be addressed or just
>> the
>> >> > > > symptom.
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > > Yes, this is a unique species, and saving it is a worthwhile
>> >> > > > > > endeavor
>> >> > > > for
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > > this and many other reasons. Having agreed, I remain
>> concerned
>> >> > > > > > that
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > success
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > > on this front will lead some to be satisfied.
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > > Denny
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > > On Fri, May 28, 2021 at 12:36 PM William Precht via
>> Coral-List <
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > > coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov> wrote:
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > >> The manuscript that started this thread on the coral- list
>> was
>> >> an
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > >> excellent, open-access manuscript by Neely et al. Rapid
>> >> > > > > >> Population
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > >> Decline of the Pillar Coral Dendrogyra cylindrus Along the
>> >> > > > > >> Florida
>> >> > > > Reef
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > >> Tract
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > >>
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > >> Front. Mar. Sci. doi: 10.3389/fmars.2021.656515
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > >>
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > >> It should be read by all There are two main punch lines. The
>> >> > > > > >> first is
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > >> that this species has been rendered functionally extinct
>> >> > > > > >> (extirpated)
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > >> throughout Florida. The second is that the main cause was
>> stony
>> >> > > > > >> coral
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > >> tissue loss disease (SCTLD). This species is highly
>> susceptible
>> >> > > > > >> to
>> >> > > > this
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > >> emergent disease as are the three other genera in its
>> family -
>> >> > > > > >> the
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > >> Meandrinidae. All species in this family and are highly
>> >> > > > > >> susceptible to
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > >> SCTLD. On many reefs where the disease has run it course you
>> >> > > > > >> can’t
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > find a
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > >> single member of this family. No Meandrina, no Dendrogyra,
>> no
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > >> Dichocoenia,
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > >> no Eusmilia. So the story goes much further than just pillar
>> >> > > > > >> coral. We
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > >> may be looking at the loss of an entire coral family in a
>> short
>> >> > > > window -
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > >> and this coral family is only extant in the Caribbean.
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > >>
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > >> If this doesn’t serve as a wake-up call I don’t know what
>> will.
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > >>
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > >> Clearly losing more than 50% of the corals on the GBR due to
>> >> mass
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > >> bleaching
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > >> events in 2015-2016 did not cause a sea change in policy -
>> not
>> >> in
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > >> Australia
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > >> - not globally. For most it’s been business as usual.
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > >>
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > >> I’m getting sick and tired of writing and reading coral
>> >> > > > > >> obituaries. In
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > my
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > >> 40+ years of studying coral reefs I have watched my three
>> >> > > > > >> 40+ favorite
>> >> > > > reefs
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > >> burn before my very eyes and the reefs that lie at the door
>> >> step
>> >> > > > > >> of
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > where
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > >> I
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > >> live are suffering the same fate.
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > >>
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > >> The coral-list has a voice of 10,000 people that love coral
>> >> reefs
>> >> > > > > >> -
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > let’s
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > >> use that voice to make a difference. Time really is running
>> >> out.
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > >>
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > >> Bill
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > >>
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > >>
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > >>
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > >> On Thu, May 27, 2021 at 9:38 PM Peter Sale via Coral-List <
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > >> coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov> wrote:
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > >>
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > >> > Hi listers,
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > >> > I've been following the comments re the essential
>> extirpation
>> >> > > > > >> > of
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > >> > Dendrogyra in Florida waters. The fact that this is not a
>> >> major
>> >> > > > > >> > reef
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > >> > builder (Gene is correct) is beside the point from my
>> >> > perspective.
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > >> Here is
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > >> > a monotypic species that looks like it may be on the way
>> out
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > throughout
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > >> its
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > >> > range, and certainly in a large portion of it. (I'm being
>> >> > > > pessimistic
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > >> but
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > >> > perhaps realistic in predicting total extinction.) The
>> >> > > > > >> > biodiversity
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > >> loss
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > >> > is great. This is a coral (and I am definitely NOT a coral
>> >> > > > > >> > expert)
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > >> that is
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > >> > phenotypically quite distinctive. It has one of, if not
>> the
>> >> > > > > >> > most
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > >> > well-connected nerve nets leading to a conspicuous flash
>> when
>> >> > > > > >> > all
>> >> > > > the
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > >> > polyps retract in unison following a disturbance. God only
>> >> > > > > >> > knows
>> >> > > > what
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > >> > other special skills it has tucked amongst its tentacles.
>> >> From
>> >> > > > > >> > an
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > >> > evolutionary point of view, its loss is a greater loss
>> than
>> >> the
>> >> > > > > >> > loss
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > of
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > >> > many other coral species. My fear is that we are going to
>> >> have
>> >> > > > > >> > to
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > >> become
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > >> > used to such losses. Let's a) strive not to le
>> <https://www.google.com/maps/search/)+strive+not+to+le?entry=gmail&source=g>t
>> the losses
>> >> > > > > >> > becom
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > >> > e un-noticed and routine, and b) use such losses to
>> >> highlight,
>> >> > > > > >> > and
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > make
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > >> > 'personal', what it means for a reef to gradually lose its
>> >> > > > > >> > species
>> >> > > > and
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > >> > cease to be a reef. Getting people to relate to what is
>> >> > > > > >> > happening,
>> >> > > > to
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > >> > actually feel what is happening, may be the only way to
>> >> rescue
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > humanity
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > >> > from turning the planet into a wasteland, starting with
>> the
>> >> > reefs.
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > >> >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > >> > Peter Sale
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > >> > www.petersalebooks.com
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > >> > @PeterSale3
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > >> >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > >> > See my latest book at
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > >> >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > >>
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> https://www.amazon.com/Coral-Reefs-Majestic-Realms-under/dp/0300253834
>> >> > > >
>> >> /ref=sr_1_1?dchild=1&keywords=coral+reefs+peter+sale&qid=1622149307&sr
>> >> > > > =8-1
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > >> >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > >> > _______________________________________________
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > >> > Coral-List mailing list
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > >> > Coral-List at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > >> > https://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/mailman/listinfo/coral-list
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > >> >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > >> --
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > >> William F. Precht
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > >>
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > >> “You never know how strong you are until being strong is the
>> >> only
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > choice
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > >> you have”
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > >>
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > >> Bob Marley
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > >>
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > >>
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > >> "Courage is not having the strength to go on; it is going on
>> >> when
>> >> > > > > >> you
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > >> don't
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > >> have the strength."
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > >>
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > >> Theodore Roosevelt
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > >> _______________________________________________
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > >> Coral-List mailing list
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > >> Coral-List at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > >> https://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/mailman/listinfo/coral-list
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > > --
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > > Dennis Hubbard - Emeritus Professor: Dept of Geology-Oberlin
>> >> > > > > > College
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > > Oberlin OH 44074
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > > (440) 935-4014
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > > * "When you get on the wrong train.... every stop is the
>> wrong
>> >> > > > > > stop"*
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > > Benjamin Stein: "*Ludes, A Ballad of the Drug and the Dream*"
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > --
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > William F. Precht
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > “You never know how strong you are until being strong is the
>> only
>> >> > > > > choice
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > you have”
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > Bob Marley
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > "Courage is not having the strength to go on; it is going on
>> when
>> >> > > > > you
>> >> > > > don't
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > have the strength."
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > Theodore Roosevelt
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > _______________________________________________
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > Coral-List mailing list
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > Coral-List at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > > https://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/mailman/listinfo/coral-list
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > --
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > Dr. Steve Gittings, Science Coordinator
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > NOAA Office of National Marine Sanctuaries
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > 1305 East West Hwy., N/ORM62
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > Silver Spring, MD 20910
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > (240) 533-0708 (w), (301) 529-1854 (c1), (301) 821-0857 (c2)
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > *Follow National Marine Sanctuaries *
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > *and our Earth is Blue Campaign
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > on**:*
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > [image:
>> >> http://www.facebook.com/NOAAOfficeofNationalMarineSanctuaries]
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > [image:
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > http://twitter.com/sanctuaries] [image:
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > http://www.youtube.com/user/sanctuaries]
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > [image:
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > http://www.flickr.com/photos/onms/]
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > [image:
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > http://feeds.feedburner.com/NoaaNationalMarineSanctuaryNews]
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > [image:
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > http://pinterest.com/nmsanctuaries/national-marine-sanctuaries/]
>> >> > [image:
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > http://instagram.com/noaasanctuaries]
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > _______________________________________________
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > Coral-List mailing list
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > Coral-List at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > https://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/mailman/listinfo/coral-list
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > _______________________________________________
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > Coral-List mailing list
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > Coral-List at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > https://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/mailman/listinfo/coral-list
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > --
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > Dr. Steve Gittings, Science Coordinator
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > NOAA Office of National Marine Sanctuaries
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > 1305 East West Hwy., N/ORM62
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > Silver Spring, MD  20910
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > (240) 533-0708 (w), (301) 529-1854 (c1), (301) 821-0857 (c2)
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >  [image: earth-is-blue-logo-shadow.png]
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > Follow National Marine Sanctuaries <http://sanctuaries.noaa.gov/
>> >
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > and our Earth is Blue Campaign
>> >> > > > <http://www.sanctuaries.noaa.gov/earthisblue> on:
>> >> > > >
>> >> > > > [image: fb.png]
>> >> > > > <http://www.facebook.com/NOAAOfficeofNationalMarineSanctuaries>
>> >> > [image:
>> >> > > > twitter.png] <http://twitter.com/sanctuaries>  [image:
>> youtube.png]
>> >> > > > <http://www.youtube.com/user/sanctuaries>  [image: flickr.png]
>> >> > > > <http://www.flickr.com/photos/onms/>  [image: rss.png]
>> >> > > > <http://feeds.feedburner.com/NoaaNationalMarineSanctuaryNews>
>> >> [image:
>> >> > > > pinterest.png]  [image: instagram.png]
>> >> > > > <http://instagram.com/noaasanctuaries>
>> >> > > >
>> >> > >
>> >> > >
>> >> > > --
>> >> > > Dr. Steve Gittings, Science Coordinator
>> >> > > NOAA Office of National Marine Sanctuaries
>> >> > > 1305 East West Hwy., N/ORM62
>> >> > > Silver Spring, MD  20910
>> >> > > (240) 533-0708 (w), (301) 529-1854 (c1), (301) 821-0857 (c2)
>> >> > >
>> >> > >
>> >> > >
>> >> > > *Follow National Marine Sanctuaries <http://sanctuaries.noaa.gov/
>> >*
>> >> *and
>> >> > > our Earth is Blue Campaign <
>> >> http://www.sanctuaries.noaa.gov/earthisblue>
>> >> > > on**:*
>> >> > > [image:
>> http://www.facebook.com/NOAAOfficeofNationalMarineSanctuaries
>> >> ]
>> >> > > <http://www.facebook.com/NOAAOfficeofNationalMarineSanctuaries>
>> >> [image:
>> >> > > http://twitter.com/sanctuaries] <http://twitter.com/sanctuaries>
>> >> > [image:
>> >> > > http://www.youtube.com/user/sanctuaries]
>> >> > > <http://www.youtube.com/user/sanctuaries>  [image:
>> >> > > http://www.flickr.com/photos/onms/]
>> >> > > <http://www.flickr.com/photos/onms/>  [image:
>> >> > > http://feeds.feedburner.com/NoaaNationalMarineSanctuaryNews]
>> >> > > <http://feeds.feedburner.com/NoaaNationalMarineSanctuaryNews>
>> >> [image:
>> >> > > http://pinterest.com/nmsanctuaries/national-marine-sanctuaries/]
>> >> > [image:
>> >> > > http://instagram.com/noaasanctuaries] <
>> >> > > http://instagram.com/noaasanctuaries>
>> >> > > _______________________________________________
>> >> > > Coral-List mailing list
>> >> > > Coral-List at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
>> >> > > https://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/mailman/listinfo/coral-list
>> >> > > _______________________________________________
>> >> > > Coral-List mailing list
>> >> > > Coral-List at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
>> >> > > https://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/mailman/listinfo/coral-list
>> >> >
>> >> >
>> >> >
>> >> > --
>> >> > Dr. Steve Gittings, Science Coordinator
>> >> > NOAA Office of National Marine Sanctuaries
>> >> > 1305 East West Hwy., N/ORM62
>> >> > Silver Spring, MD  20910
>> >> > (240) 533-0708 (w), (301) 529-1854 (c1), (301) 821-0857 (c2)
>> >> >
>> >> >
>> >> >
>> >> > *Follow National Marine Sanctuaries <http://sanctuaries.noaa.gov/>*
>> >> > *and our Earth is Blue Campaign
>> >> > <http://www.sanctuaries.noaa.gov/earthisblue> on**:*
>> >> > [image:
>> http://www.facebook.com/NOAAOfficeofNationalMarineSanctuaries]
>> >> > <http://www.facebook.com/NOAAOfficeofNationalMarineSanctuaries>
>> >> [image:
>> >> > http://twitter.com/sanctuaries] <http://twitter.com/sanctuaries>
>> >> [image:
>> >> > http://www.youtube.com/user/sanctuaries]
>> >> > <http://www.youtube.com/user/sanctuaries>  [image:
>> >> > http://www.flickr.com/photos/onms/]
>> >> > <http://www.flickr.com/photos/onms/>  [image:
>> >> > http://feeds.feedburner.com/NoaaNationalMarineSanctuaryNews]
>> >> > <http://feeds.feedburner.com/NoaaNationalMarineSanctuaryNews>
>> [image:
>> >> > http://pinterest.com/nmsanctuaries/national-marine-sanctuaries/]
>> >> [image:
>> >> > http://instagram.com/noaasanctuaries] <
>> >> > http://instagram.com/noaasanctuaries>
>> >> > _______________________________________________
>> >> > Coral-List mailing list
>> >> > Coral-List at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
>> >> > https://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/mailman/listinfo/coral-list
>> >> _______________________________________________
>> >> Coral-List mailing list
>> >> Coral-List at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
>> >> https://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/mailman/listinfo/coral-list
>> >
>> >
>> >
>> > --
>> > Dr. Steve Gittings, Science Coordinator
>> > NOAA Office of National Marine Sanctuaries
>> > 1305 East West Hwy., N/ORM62
>> > Silver Spring, MD  20910
>> > (240) 533-0708 (w), (301) 529-1854 (c1), (301) 821-0857 (c2)
>> >
>> >
>> >
>> > *Follow National Marine Sanctuaries <http://sanctuaries.noaa.gov/>*
>> > *and our Earth is Blue Campaign
>> > <http://www.sanctuaries.noaa.gov/earthisblue> on**:*
>> > [image: http://www.facebook.com/NOAAOfficeofNationalMarineSanctuaries]
>> > <http://www.facebook.com/NOAAOfficeofNationalMarineSanctuaries>
>> [image:
>> > http://twitter.com/sanctuaries] <http://twitter.com/sanctuaries>
>> [image:
>> > http://www.youtube.com/user/sanctuaries]
>> > <http://www.youtube.com/user/sanctuaries>  [image:
>> > http://www.flickr.com/photos/onms/] <http://www.flickr.com/photos/onms/>
>> [image:
>> > http://feeds.feedburner.com/NoaaNationalMarineSanctuaryNews]
>> > <http://feeds.feedburner.com/NoaaNationalMarineSanctuaryNews>  [image:
>> > http://pinterest.com/nmsanctuaries/national-marine-sanctuaries/]
>> [image:
>> > http://instagram.com/noaasanctuaries]
>> > <http://instagram.com/noaasanctuaries>
>> >
>> _______________________________________________
>> Coral-List mailing list
>> Coral-List at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
>> https://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/mailman/listinfo/coral-list
>
> --
> Dr. Steve Gittings, Science Coordinator
> NOAA Office of National Marine Sanctuaries
> 1305 East West Hwy., N/ORM62
> Silver Spring, MD  20910
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