[Coral-List] Force Blue and Providing Hope
Vassil Zlatarski
vzlatarski at gmail.com
Sat May 8 13:49:40 UTC 2021
Bula Austin from the other side of the suffering planet,
You told it all: "if people are the problem, then people are the solution".
With admiration,
Vassil
Vassil Zlatarski
D.Sc. (Biology), Ph.D. (Geology)
On Sat, May 8, 2021 at 9:04 AM Austin Bowden-Kerby via Coral-List <
coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov> wrote:
> Bula from Fiji everyone,
>
> I have viewed the various clips on the coral restoration work that Force
> Blue is doing and I do not see restoration being promoted as a quick fix
> solution in these clips. To the contrary, the causes of coral reef decline
> are mentioned and that this is very much a fight for their survival. Coral
> restoration is not presented as the cure, rather it is presented as a point
> of hopeful action, and a positive collaboration helping re-focus veterans,
> many of whom are suffering from trauma.
>
> I liked what I saw, and am happy that it is happening, as above all, it is
> amazing publicity that coral reefs are in trouble, that we must do what we
> can to fight the decline, and so the footage will help raise awareness and
> will inspire masses of people to help save coral reefs.
>
> Beach clean ups and removing plastic from the ocean could be criticized for
> not addressing the root causes of pollution, the same might be said for sea
> turtle sand seabird rehabilitation, and many other local efforts, but I
> don't see people on the list criticizing those actions. It certainly is
> better than sitting around doing nothing, and it can have a hugely positive
> educational and motivational impact.
>
> Of course the chances of long term survival of many of these corals may not
> be very high, especially in Florida, as many of the root causes are left
> unsolved. However for the public, hope is better than despair, and it
> helps win people to the wider cause. It also looks like Force Blue will
> continue their efforts over several years, and they are also working with
> restoration scientists, so the medium term results will be clearly visible,
> and if the corals die, it will hit their hearts hard, like it has for many
> of us who work on corals reefs. I believe that is and will be an immensely
> powerful educational and motivational experience on many levels.
>
> I will resist going into a defence of coral restoration or clearing up old
> die-hard misconceptions, or anything about the newer strategies of coral
> restoration here, which in our sites at least, are less about "coral
> gardening" and more about "facilitated coral recovery".. If anyone is
> interested, those newer strategies can be found here:
> https://reefresilience.org/case-studies/south-pacific-restoration/ Our
> case study was included in the recent Hein et al UNEP report on coral
> restoration:
>
> https://www.icriforum.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Hein-et-al.-2020_UNEP-report-1.pdf
>
> Many of us in this group are trying to get people to adopt major lifestyle
> changes, to become politically active in addressing climate change and the
> environment, and to donate money to the cause, but without hope the cause
> is lost and people will be turned off. The fact is that there are a very
> limited number of hands-on activities that the public can do to help save
> the coral reefs. Among these are beach and reef clean-ups, COTS and snail
> removal, seaweed removal, invasive lionfish spearing in the Caribbean,
> creating artificial reefs, and mangrove and coral planting. Ideally each
> of these activities should be part of well organized efforts connected to
> the bigger picture of coral reef conservation. If we come across pooly
> guided or renegade efforts, then perhaps we need to be more proactive - but
> in a positive and encouraging manner? Empty criticism does nothing, while
> getting out there and joining in might help turn any rogue efforts into
> positive actions. Perhaps by offering to become a scientific advisor or a
> field volunteer, we can turn that amazing energy and volunteer spirit into
> a more focused and positive force that reinforces the bigger picture? Wild
> horses can indeed trample things if left to themselves, but when properly
> trained and harnessed, the strength and energy of those same horses can
> carry us over mountains and do immense work that we could not otherwise
> accomplish.
>
> I always say that if people are the problem, then people are the solution.
>
> I commend Force Blue for their positive efforts in helping channel all that
> energy into something positive, and in creating loving concern for the
> degraded state of coral reefs in the hearts of millions, tempered with
> hope.
>
> I also commend each person reading this for all that you do to help save
> this precious planet.
>
> We have a long way to go!
>
> Kind regards,
>
> Austin
>
> Austin Bowden-Kerby, PhD
> Corals for Conservation
> P.O. Box 4649 Samabula, Fiji Islands
> https://www.corals4conservation.org
> TEDx talk https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7PRLJ8zDm0U
>
> https://www.globalgiving.org/projects/emergency-response-to-massive-coral-bleaching/
> <
> https://www.globalgiving.org/projects/emergency-response-to-massive-coral-bleaching/
> >
>
>
> Teitei Livelihoods Centre
> Km 20 Sigatoka Valley Road, Fiji Islands
> (679) 938-6437
> http:/www.
> <
> http://permacultureglobal.com/projects/1759-sustainable-environmental-livelihoods-farm-Fiji
> >
> teiteifiji.org
> https://www.facebook.com/teiteifarmstay
>
> https://www.globalgiving.org/projects/happy-chickens-for-food-security-and-environment-1/
>
>
>
>
>
> On Sat, May 8, 2021 at 4:36 AM <coral-list-request at coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
> wrote:
>
> > Send Coral-List mailing list submissions to
> > coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
> >
> > To subscribe or unsubscribe via the World Wide Web, visit
> > https://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/mailman/listinfo/coral-list
> > or, via email, send a message with subject or body 'help' to
> > coral-list-request at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
> >
> > You can reach the person managing the list at
> > coral-list-owner at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
> >
> > When replying, please edit your Subject line so it is more specific
> > than "Re: Contents of Coral-List digest...", e.g., cut and paste the
> > Subject line from the individual message you are replying to. Also,
> > please only include quoted text from prior posts that is necessary to
> > make your point; avoid re-sending the entire Digest back to the list.
> >
> >
> > Today's Topics:
> >
> > 1. a restoration project in Indonesia and trash on a Philippine
> > reef (Douglas Fenner)
> > 2. Re: Fwd: 100 Yards of Hope Documentary Premiere on April 27
> > (Jon slayer)
> > 3. FW: Call for contributions - Special Issue on Sargassum in
> > Phycology (Ligia Collado-Vides)
> > 4. marine heat waves (Douglas Fenner)
> > 5. article: blueprint for coral survival (Douglas Fenner)
> >
> >
> > ----------------------------------------------------------------------
> >
> > Message: 1
> > Date: Wed, 5 May 2021 16:25:31 -1100
> > From: Douglas Fenner <douglasfennertassi at gmail.com>
> > To: coral list <coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
> > Subject: [Coral-List] a restoration project in Indonesia and trash on
> > a Philippine reef
> > Message-ID:
> > <
> > CAOEmEkEzJu3QUdhq6p9O1uH9zVi4eyEGxhFgRjY9D95omLFR-w at mail.gmail.com>
> > Content-Type: text/plain; charset="UTF-8"
> >
> > Two very short videos on reef restoration in Indonesia and then trash on
> a
> > Philippine reef:
> >
> > Indonesia coral reef partially restored in extensive project - BBC News
> > <https://www.bbc.com/news/av/science-environment-56985594>
> >
> > The second should play automatically after the first.
> >
> > Cheers, Doug
> >
> > --
> > Douglas Fenner
> > Lynker Technologies, LLC, Contractor
> > NOAA Fisheries Service
> > Pacific Islands Regional Office
> > Honolulu
> > and:
> > Coral Reef Consulting
> > PO Box 997390
> > Pago Pago, American Samoa 96799-6298 USA
> >
> > Slashing emissions by 2050 isn't enough. We can bring down temperature
> > now.
> >
> >
> https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/climate-deadlines-super-pollutants-hfcs-methane/2021/04/15/acb8c612-9d7d-11eb-b7a8-014b14aeb9e4_story.html
> >
> > Humans have destroyed 97% of earth's ecosystems
> > (well, more like only 3% are fully intact)
> > https://a.msn.com/r/2/BB1fH7DT?m=en-us&referrerID=InAppShare
> >
> > Study: One-third of plant and animal species could be gone in 50 years.
> > (but 2-4 times worse in tropics)
> > https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2020-02/uoa-soo021220.php
> > https://www.pnas.org/content/117/8/4211
> >
> >
> > ------------------------------
> >
> > Message: 2
> > Date: Thu, 6 May 2021 11:50:42 +0000
> > From: Jon slayer <jonslayer at hotmail.co.uk>
> > To: sarah hughes <s.jer.hughes at gmail.com>, Damien Beri
> > <damienberi at gmail.com>
> > Cc: coral list <coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
> > Subject: Re: [Coral-List] Fwd: 100 Yards of Hope Documentary Premiere
> > on April 27
> > Message-ID:
> > <
> >
> DB7PR02MB3946AEB306A90415D55533FBE9589 at DB7PR02MB3946.eurprd02.prod.outlook.com
> > >
> >
> > Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8"
> >
> > Thanks to all who have replied to this thread. I have forwarded all
> > correspondence on to Force Blue for follow up where it would be useful.
> >
> > Best Regards
> >
> > Jon
> >
> >
> > Jon Slayer
> >
> >
> > British Stunt Register<http://www.thebritishstuntregister.com/>
> >
> > IMDB<https://www.imdb.com/name/nm9081535/>
> >
> > Instagram<https://www.instagram.com/jonslayer>
> >
> > Force Blue<https://forceblueteam.org/team-one/>
> > 360bubble<https://360bubble.co/>
> > Linkedin<https://www.linkedin.com/in/jon-slayer-a9a62226/>
> >
> > ________________________________
> > From: sarah hughes <s.jer.hughes at gmail.com>
> > Sent: 25 April 2021 18:32
> > To: Damien Beri <damienberi at gmail.com>
> > Cc: Jon slayer <jonslayer at hotmail.co.uk>; coral list <
> > coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
> > Subject: Re: [Coral-List] Fwd: 100 Yards of Hope Documentary Premiere on
> > April 27
> >
> > Hi,
> >
> > I don't usually chime in on Coral-List conversations, but I figured I'd
> > note one critique that hasn't been mentioned yet. The only* problem I
> have
> > with this project (and many other restoration-type projects gleaning
> media
> > attention) is the lack of diversity in the cast/crew. This is important,
> as
> > you have a HUGE platform to showcase work being done to increase
> resilience
> > of coral reefs, but it's showing a fraction of the population who
> actually
> > do the work, and also a fraction of those who are invested in climate
> > solutions. There is only one female (white) on the crew it looks like,
> and
> > only one Asian-American male. The rest look like cis-het white men. It's
> > not surprising though when you look at the BOD, which consists only of
> > white men.
> >
> > Now before you roll your eyes and say "but it doesn't matter who's doing
> > the work, as long as they're doing it" I'd think about your audience, and
> > who will be affected by viewing this film, and related media content. I
> > won't get into the pedantics about research and studies that have shown
> > increased minority visibility creates more momentum in respective
> > demographics, but the fact that this is yet again another film that is
> > showing The White Man saving Planet Earth from our shitty prior
> management
> > and activities, reinforces that 1) if you're BIPOC or female you don't
> have
> > a place in this work and 2) white males doing all the best work in the
> > name of "conservation" will save our planet. Both are untrue and harmful
> if
> > we as a scientific community want to encourage more people to get into
> the
> > field and work necessary for creating lasting change.
> >
> > In the trailer there is not one non-white person shown. And then there's
> > the stat of 70% of people watch NFL/Superbowl/sports. There's a huge gap
> > and missed opportunity by only showing white folks in this field.
> >
> > So the only thing I'd say, Robin, and Jon, is diversify your crew! Show
> > the legions of BIPOC, female, LGBTQ+, etc people who are doing the work!
> > Show the NFL players (who are majority Black and Brown) who are involved.
> > I'm sure there are some non-white folks from the vast group of veterans
> to
> > choose from. It will help get more people invested and on board, and
> break
> > the negative feedback loop reinforced with the conventional messaging
> seen
> > in the trailer. In the end, we want as many people aware and pushing for
> > change as possible, right? There's a good opportunity to wrangle in a big
> > portion of the U.S.'s population by diversifying your cast (and project
> > members).
> >
> > Aslo, to Damien's point, not sure why NOAA had to fund this as the
> > military also has, oh, billions of dollars available? Who knows.
> >
> > Cheers,
> > Sarah
> >
> > * and it's not the only problem, as I agree with many of the other
> > critiques that have been noted by others, but I figure this initiative
> has
> > good intent, and I still think it's important to show what's being done
> to
> > push for political change, etc.
> >
> > On Sat, Apr 24, 2021 at 1:17 PM Damien Beri via Coral-List <
> > coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov<mailto:coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov>>
> > wrote:
> > I think we are being a bit too critical. Besides, this project is meant
> to
> > inspire children and the public. It was not designed to impress us Coral
> > nerds. We should be supporting these efforts. The more we bash coral
> > restoration efforts, the less unified we appear as a community.
> >
> > All too often we are quick to criticize the flaws in coral restoration.
> > Nothing is perfect. If you think you can do it better than go for it.
> >
> > I can also guarantee that the ?learning experiences? associated with this
> > project will explain to students that global warming, ocean
> acidification,
> > runoff, overfishing etc... all need to be addressed for coral reefs to
> > recover. If they don?t, then yes the project has suffered a fatal flaw in
> > addressing the overarching issues.
> >
> > Additionally, to say coral restoration won?t work because you have
> > addressed to underlying threats is not true on all cases. While it is the
> > right thing to do (address overarching threats) I don?t think you can
> stop
> > global warming, and ocean acidification over night. So, do we do nothing?
> > No, we do a media friendly Coral restoration project that attracts the
> > hearts and minds of the younger generations. To me, that?s the most
> > valuable aspect to any coral restoration project.
> >
> > I am not saying I support this project, but I am also not going to bash
> it
> > in front of all the other aspiring coral biologists attached to this
> thread.
> >
> > Now, why NOAA needed to contribute their limited funds to an NFL
> > project... that just sounds odd. The NFL has more funding than NOAA when
> > you consider all the people being paid.
> >
> > Warm regards,
> > Damien Beri
> >
> > National Marine Fisheries Service
> > Observer Program
> >
> > Founder of Reefined Arts Coral Restoration LLC
> >
> > Masters In Marine Conservation and Policy
> > Stony Brook University
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> > > On Apr 23, 2021, at 7:31 AM, Jon slayer via Coral-List <
> > coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov<mailto:coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov>>
> > wrote:
> > >
> > > ?Noted the valid criticisms below and no doubt there are more. A
> > question - how many coral reef research publications were showcased at
> the
> > last two Superbowls? Force Blue were.
> > > https://www.nfl.com/causes/nfl-green/<
> >
> https://emea01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nfl.com%2Fcauses%2Fnfl-green%2F&data=04%7C01%7C%7C2e2ed893b1614d7b0b0808d908101031%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C637549687368248332%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C1000&sdata=ZytyNzszi%2FLK8E3jhatVNQkvgrGOPcExn4iUGY0vJ%2Bc%3D&reserved=0
> > >
> > >
> >
> https://blog.padi.com/2020/01/29/force-blue-to-kick-off-100-yards-of-hope-at-super-bowl-liv/
> > <
> >
> https://emea01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fblog.padi.com%2F2020%2F01%2F29%2Fforce-blue-to-kick-off-100-yards-of-hope-at-super-bowl-liv%2F&data=04%7C01%7C%7C2e2ed893b1614d7b0b0808d908101031%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C637549687368248332%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C1000&sdata=WHwxXDnPO30XqdVzZbZgGrOqQD%2Fa6mTD9C%2BvmMzJEys%3D&reserved=0
> > >
> > >
> >
> https://www.cbs42.com/sports/the-big-game/with-super-bowl-nearby-force-blue-on-a-mission-to-clean-oceans/
> > <
> >
> https://emea01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbs42.com%2Fsports%2Fthe-big-game%2Fwith-super-bowl-nearby-force-blue-on-a-mission-to-clean-oceans%2F&data=04%7C01%7C%7C2e2ed893b1614d7b0b0808d908101031%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C637549687368258329%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C1000&sdata=CBmEJW0ZtI2P%2BkqEc%2BHH1MCi5%2FGWakV39IMU%2FXhawLg%3D&reserved=0
> > >
> > >
> > > How many will be showcased at the upcoming NFL Draft? Force Blue will
> be
> > there.
> > > https://www.greaterclevelandaquarium.com/100-yards-of-hope/<
> >
> https://emea01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.greaterclevelandaquarium.com%2F100-yards-of-hope%2F&data=04%7C01%7C%7C2e2ed893b1614d7b0b0808d908101031%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C637549687368258329%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C1000&sdata=m9i88yVIfeR3QowZBk5VUzqiNXwjrgnJNrB68MD8NlU%3D&reserved=0
> > >
> > >
> > > How do you engage the 18 million US Veterans and broader US population
> > in coral reef conservation and environmental issues? Force Blue reaches
> > people that otherwise would not hear about these issues.
> > >
> > > It may be easy to pick holes in the content of these media releases and
> > the approach of Force Blue purely from an academic perspective but as a
> > tool for communicating with our society Force Blue should be embraced by
> > the Coral List community. I would encourage you to work with these guys,
> > they have a lot to offer. Then you can help them get the messaging right
> > too. They can help with your projects and help communicate them to people
> > that would otherwise not hear, or care, about them.
> > >
> > > I am a veteran and Force Blue team member. Unusually for a veteran I
> > have a background approaching 30 years of involvement in coral reef
> > research and conservation. Force Blue bring veterans to a place where
> they
> > can hear about and invest themselves in your work in the oceans. Engage
> > with them https://forceblueteam.org/<
> >
> https://emea01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fforceblueteam.org%2F&data=04%7C01%7C%7C2e2ed893b1614d7b0b0808d908101031%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C637549687368268323%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C1000&sdata=tWm5W63DouzehZ80olhzOfh9b1SWpeJBcC0c6xXq6F4%3D&reserved=0
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > > Jon Slayer
> > >
> > >
> > > British Stunt Register<http://www.thebritishstuntregister.com/<
> >
> https://emea01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebritishstuntregister.com%2F&data=04%7C01%7C%7C2e2ed893b1614d7b0b0808d908101031%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C637549687368268323%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C1000&sdata=L8D5D2vdJwenleZpFfmCP41gkFEd8KHJch5DVY%2FpNgk%3D&reserved=0
> > >>
> > >
> > > IMDB<https://www.imdb.com/name/nm9081535/<
> >
> https://emea01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imdb.com%2Fname%2Fnm9081535%2F&data=04%7C01%7C%7C2e2ed893b1614d7b0b0808d908101031%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C637549687368278315%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C1000&sdata=RljP6y1qm20PQsUzaGlk%2FMH4ugEgsoY21j9veCuVphA%3D&reserved=0
> > >>
> > >
> > > Instagram<https://www.instagram.com/jonslayer<
> >
> https://emea01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.instagram.com%2Fjonslayer&data=04%7C01%7C%7C2e2ed893b1614d7b0b0808d908101031%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C637549687368278315%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C1000&sdata=4LhnT10Ie6Ip8xlebVC4vtS7xFfeUBawt%2B6TtuZcak4%3D&reserved=0
> > >>
> > >
> > > Force Blue<https://forceblueteam.org/team-one/<
> >
> https://emea01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fforceblueteam.org%2Fteam-one%2F&data=04%7C01%7C%7C2e2ed893b1614d7b0b0808d908101031%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C637549687368288312%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C1000&sdata=yWgvQbDUQohxT3AG4g63KQ3TGncrteHw0bF0TIwNC28%3D&reserved=0
> > >>
> > > 360bubble<https://360bubble.co/<
> >
> https://emea01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2F360bubble.co%2F&data=04%7C01%7C%7C2e2ed893b1614d7b0b0808d908101031%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C637549687368288312%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C1000&sdata=fkTf2gKirfPKy2OcigdGgu0zXmwRsZKI0CcEKhIHYLA%3D&reserved=0
> > >>
> > > Linkedin<https://www.linkedin.com/in/jon-slayer-a9a62226/<
> >
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> > >>
> > >
> > > ________________________________
> > > From: Coral-List <coral-list-bounces at coral.aoml.noaa.gov<mailto:
> > coral-list-bounces at coral.aoml.noaa.gov>> on behalf of Douglas Fenner via
> > Coral-List <coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov<mailto:
> > coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov>>
> > > Sent: 22 April 2021 22:13
> > > To: coral list <coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov<mailto:
> > coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov>>
> > > Subject: [Coral-List] Fwd: 100 Yards of Hope Documentary Premiere on
> > April 27
> > >
> > > This message is too long, so here is an abstract:
> > >
> > > Robin's message is exciting sounding.
> > >
> > > But, Florida's reefs are not barrier reefs.
> > >
> > > The US actually has other barrier reefs in Hawaii, but they are very
> > small.
> > >
> > > This project sounds to me like it is treating the symptoms of the
> > problem,
> > > not the causes. If we don't treat the causes, our projects are doomed
> to
> > > failure, sooner or later, wasted time, effort, and money. Shouldn't we
> > at
> > > least acknowledge that???
> > >
> > > Scale: such projects are necessarily minute in scale compared to the
> > > world's reefs. 100 yards of reef will not save reefs that are the size
> > of
> > > the Great Barrier Reef, 2500 MILES long, not 100 yards. It's a start,
> > BUT
> > > reefs are too big, vastly too big.
> > >
> > > There are reasons the corals have been dying in Florida, from what I
> > read,
> > > this project doesn't tackle any of them. Coral disease has probably
> > caused
> > > the most coral mortality in the western Atlantic, and is still killing
> > > lots. We don't have good tools to stop it yet. The latest and best
> > > research shows that Florida's water over it's reefs has way too many
> > > nutrients, which is killing the corals. A restoration project's own
> > > published data shows that most of the corals they planted out die over
> > > time. Why would we expect planted out corals to live any longer than
> > those
> > > that are already naturally out there? Yes, breeding for heat
> resistance
> > > can help. But if we don't get greenhouse gas emissions, we're heading
> > full
> > > speed towards a world so hot no coral will be able to survive,
> selective
> > > breeding or not. Meantime, almost all corals planted out are doomed to
> > die
> > > due to bad water quality and/or disease.
> > >
> > > OK, now the lengthy version:
> > >
> > > Robin,
> > > Wow, that's exciting!! I guess it was written to be exciting.
> > >
> > > A couple of technical details. The Florida reefs are not a barrier
> reef,
> > > although some people like to call them that. Everybody wants to call
> > their
> > > reef a barrier reef, presumably because the Great Barrier Reef is so
> > > famous. The "Mesoamerican Barrier Reef" is not a barrier reef north of
> > > Belize, it is a fringing reef there. Belize indeed has a barrier reef.
> > > Florida's living coral reefs, what are left of them, are tiny little
> > > things, most of which you'd need GPS to find. They're not a barrier to
> > > anything. The Florida Keys are indeed a string of islands that are
> very
> > > much of a barrier. The shallow water around them is as well, ships
> have
> > > gone aground at times. The Florida coral reefs have long been called
> the
> > > "Florida Reef Track."
> > >
> > > Second, actually, the U.S. does have some barrier reefs, Hawaii has a
> > > couple of quite small barrier reefs, one is on the north shore of Oahu
> at
> > > Kaneohe Bay, and the other on the north shore of Kauai.
> > >
> > > Your post says that this project will "lay the groundwork for future
> > coral
> > > restoration worldwide". Sounds like nobody else has been doing any
> coral
> > > restoration. I'm told Fiji alone has 50 reef restoration projects.
> > Recent
> > > post on coral-list announced a new book with lots of chapters by people
> > > doing coral restoration, I presume some of the authors are scientists
> and
> > > that something is known about reef restoration already.
> > >
> > > More seriously:
> > >
> > > A major question is whether projects like this, particularly in Florida
> > but
> > > also surely some other places (but just as surely not all), are
> treating
> > > the symptoms instead of the disease. If you don't tackle what caused
> the
> > > loss of corals, planting corals will not "save a portion of the reef."
> > >
> > > May I commend people to an article by Mumby and Steneck, 2008, in
> > > particular Box 1, which is entitled "Active reef restoration: Great
> > > Expectations or Field of Dreams?" It points out two problems: scale,
> and
> > > treating symptoms.
> > >
> > > Scale: "To date, the largest active restoration project treated an
> area
> > of
> > > 0.07 km2, which is six orders of magnitude less than the estimated
> global
> > > area of damaged coral [72]." "100 Yards of Hope" when the Great
> Barrier
> > > Reef is 2500 miles long with about 2500 reefs, as long as Maine to
> > > Florida?? Yes, restoration can work on some small high-value reefs.
> But
> > > you can't restore all the damaged reefs. Is raising unrealistic hopes
> > > instead of tackling the real problems, a good idea??
> > >
> > > For treating symptoms, it says "Treating the symptoms versus the
> > > causes of an unhealthy reef" and "A reef is considered unhealthy if it
> > > lacks the resilience needed for natural processes of recovery." (does
> > that
> > > sound like Florida?) and "The system can be so hostile to coral that
> the
> > > transplants die rapidly." and "As Edwards points out [72], active
> > > restoration has the greatest potential to stimulate recovery in systems
> > of
> > > intermediate health." That is, if a reef is in great health, there is
> no
> > > need for restoration, it hasn't lost. And if it is in terrible shape,
> > that
> > > means something damaged it. Unless the causal factor is removed,
> whether
> > > it be mass coral bleaching, disease, bad water quality, overfishing,
> > > whatever, then "restoring" a reef will be a very temporary exercise,
> the
> > > corals planted out will die at rates similar to the natural coral. A
> lot
> > > of money and effort will have been wasted with no permanent benefit.
> Are
> > > the Florida reefs in great health, intermediate health, or terrible
> > > health??? I'm no expert, I don't study them, but from what I read it
> > does
> > > NOT sound good, I doubt they are in intermediate health. More likely
> > they
> > > are in their final death throes. But maybe I've been reading too much
> > > exaggerated alarmist reports.
> > >
> > > Which reminds me of a recent paper from Florida by Ware et al. Their
> > > abstract states "Survivorship among projects based on colony counts
> > ranged
> > > from 4% to 89% for seven cohorts monitored at least five years. Weibull
> > > survival models were used to estimate survivorship beyond the duration
> of
> > > the projects and ranged from approximately 0% to over 35% after five
> > years
> > > and 0% to 10% after seven years." Does that sound like success to
> > > people?? How should success be measured, by number of corals planted
> out
> > > (even if most or all will die?), is 90% survival success? 50%? 35%?
> > 10%
> > > 0%??? There is an old saying about yachts, that the definition of a
> > yacht
> > > is a hole in the water you pour money into (maintenance, no doubt).
> > >
> > > So how about that Florida water? Does that have anything to do with
> the
> > > decline of the reefs there? Granted, coral disease has had a major
> > impact
> > > in Florida and the Caribbean, and the new disease is killing much of
> what
> > > is left. And a cure-all for coral disease is surely not at hand and
> > seems
> > > a long way off. But a coral-list post not that long ago pointed to a
> > study
> > > documenting in great detail the problems with Florida water in the
> keys.
> > > My understanding is that millions or probably 10's of millions or more
> is
> > > being spent to build wastewater treatment plants on the Florida Keys,
> > where
> > > until they are built, sewage water is pumped into wells down into the
> > > highly porous carbonate rock under everything, some of which eventually
> > > comes out nearer the reefs.
> > >
> > > Anybody who wants to see what Florida looks like underwater, Joe
> Pawlick
> > > has posted on coral list links to several videos taken there. Lots of
> > > gorgonians, some sponges, and precious few live corals. Very sad and
> > > disheartening.
> > >
> > >
> > > I must acknowledge that many project leaders realize if we don't get
> the
> > > threats that cause the loss of corals fixed, coral restoration will not
> > > bring the reefs back. In some or many restoration sites, the water
> > quality
> > > is good. Some projects outplant corals that are more heat tolerant
> than
> > > other corals (but if we continue business as usual, emissions and
> global
> > > warming will kill any "supercoral" anybody can breed.) I also
> > acknowledge
> > > that there is a good argument for buying time for major threats like
> > global
> > > warming and water quality to be reduced. But don't we need to do some
> > > critical thinking and be realistic about the continuing causes of loss
> of
> > > corals and our chance of restoring badly degraded reefs??
> > >
> > > I have full sympathy. We are ALL incredibly frustrated. The problems
> > that
> > > HAVE to be solved are so large and great, and there is SO much
> resistance
> > > to solving any of them, a single person or small project is way too
> tiny.
> > > And I agree, we have to try things, sometimes against great odds, when
> we
> > > are as desperate as we are now. I like the idea of presenting sucess
> > > stories as well as gloom and doom stories. But is planting out
> thousands
> > > of corals in Florida and then they almost all die, a success story????
> > >
> > > Mumby and Steneck. 2008. Coral reef management and conservation in
> > light
> > > of rapidly evolving ecological paradigms. Trends in Ecology and
> > Evolution
> > > 23(10)
> > >
> >
> https://emea01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fciteseerx.ist.psu.edu%2Fviewdoc%2Fdownload%3Fdoi%3D10.1.1.475.2137%26rep%3Drep1%26type%3Dpdf&data=04%7C01%7C%7C1b4a3dfea7ee4831e3dd08d90644a734%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C637547714195223404%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C1000&sdata=Y%2Fam1y5kFRPSJCph4Z6%2B29LRrMifFg3ArUA40WLhCSA%3D&reserved=0
> > <
> >
> https://emea01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fciteseerx.ist.psu.edu%2Fviewdoc%2Fdownload%3Fdoi%3D10.1.1.475.2137%26rep%3Drep1%26type%3Dpdf&data=04%7C01%7C%7C2e2ed893b1614d7b0b0808d908101031%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C637549687368298304%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C1000&sdata=rFQVNn%2F%2FsyKwxd8ZSf5kZ%2FjClfavW%2BAc3ybvFdepdeU%3D&reserved=0
> > >
> > >
> > > Ware et al Survivorship and growth in staghorn coral *(Acropora
> > > cervicornis)* outplanting projects in the Florida Keys National Marine
> > > Sanctuary
> > >
> >
> https://emea01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fjournals.plos.org%2Fplosone%2Farticle%3Fid%3D10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0231817&data=04%7C01%7C%7C1b4a3dfea7ee4831e3dd08d90644a734%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C637547714195223404%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C1000&sdata=6a5AnqNhHspIrL6lgXTmdFenkoGn5vZcaxFMkPL2lt4%3D&reserved=0
> > <
> >
> https://emea01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fjournals.plos.org%2Fplosone%2Farticle%3Fid%3D10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0231817&data=04%7C01%7C%7C2e2ed893b1614d7b0b0808d908101031%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C637549687368298304%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C1000&sdata=h0i4vqfsw6%2Bbt9%2FquQhJq3SFtAeZu1NwO%2FI60yVXCg8%3D&reserved=0
> > >
> > >
> > > Thirty years of unique data reveal what's really killing coral reefs
> > >
> >
> https://emea01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fau.edu%2Fnewsdesk%2Farticles%2Flooe-key-study.php&data=04%7C01%7C%7C1b4a3dfea7ee4831e3dd08d90644a734%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C637547714195223404%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C1000&sdata=IDDkP6RZjn8J1UigmpHBA%2Fs79YVnbbYkWFDEi4zEiTY%3D&reserved=0
> > <
> >
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> > >
> > >
> > > Anthropogenic nutrient enrichment of seagrass and coral reef
> communities
> > in
> > > the lower Florida Keys: discrimination of local versus regional
> nitrogen
> > > sources
> > >
> >
> https://emea01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fabs%2Fpii%2FS0022098104000875&data=04%7C01%7C%7C1b4a3dfea7ee4831e3dd08d90644a734%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C637547714195223404%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C1000&sdata=qQHSJgoNXp4yxZzegs5nK42zurFEkfUqdfe3L5wJQ%2BA%3D&reserved=0
> > <
> >
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> > >
> > >
> > > Cheers, Doug
> > >
> > >
> > >> On Mon, Apr 19, 2021 at 1:56 PM Robin Garcia - NOAA Affiliate via
> > >> Coral-List <coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov<mailto:
> > coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov>> wrote:
> > >>
> > >> The world premiere of 100 Yards of Hope,a documentary about the unique
> > >> Super Bowl restoration of a football field-sized coral reef, will
> debut
> > >> during NFLDraft week in Cleveland, the host city of this year?s
> > Draft.The
> > >> film features the work of FORCE BLUE, a team of retired Special
> > >> Operations military
> > >> divers dedicated to saving America?s only barrier coral reef. NFLGreen
> > >> teamed
> > >> up with FORCE BLUE, scientists, natural resource managers and NFL
> > partners
> > >> who came together to save a portion of the reef off the coast of Miami
> > and
> > >> lay
> > >> the groundwork for future coral restoration worldwide. The Greater
> > >> Cleveland Aquarium will host the world premiere virtually on Tuesday,
> > April
> > >> 27, 2021 at 10AM EDT.
> > >>
> > >> Those who are interested in watching the world premiere can register
> to
> > >> receive the link to watch for free on the Greater Cleveland Aquarium?s
> > >> website at
> >
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> > <
> >
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> > >.
> > >>
> > >> Students from the Cleveland area will be featured following the
> > premiere as
> > >> they direct questions to marine scientist Dalton Hesley and former
> Navy
> > >> SEAL Steve ?Gonzo? Gonzalez. Schools who register for the premiere
> will
> > >> also receive coral education learning links and the chance to win a
> > Greater
> > >> Cleveland Aquarium virtual field trip for a future date.The National
> > >> Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration?s Coral Reef Conservation
> Program
> > >> (NOAA CRCP) worked with FORCE BLUE and provided funding for the
> > creation of
> > >> the100 Yardsof Hope documentary to increase awareness of the threat to
> > >> coral reefs and this unique collaboration to address it.
> > >>
> > >> *Robin Garcia*
> > >> Communications Director, NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program
> > >> Pronouns: she/her/hers
> > >> CSS employee as part of Lynker/CSS Team
> > >> On contract to OCM
> > >> Office: 240-533-0776
> > >> Cell: 202-256-6615
> > >> Web <
> >
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> > <
> >
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> >>
> > | Facebook
> > >> <
> >
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> >
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> >>
> > | Twitter
> > >> <
> >
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> > <
> >
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> > >>
> > >>
> > >> *The NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program's mission is to protect,
> > >> conserve, and restore coral reef resources by maintaining healthy
> > ecosystem
> > >> function.*
> > >> _______________________________________________
> > >> Coral-List mailing list
> > >> Coral-List at coral.aoml.noaa.gov<mailto:Coral-List at coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
> > >>
> >
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> >
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> > >
> > > _______________________________________________
> > > Coral-List mailing list
> > > Coral-List at coral.aoml.noaa.gov<mailto:Coral-List at coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
> > >
> >
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> >
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> > >
> > > _______________________________________________
> > > Coral-List mailing list
> > > Coral-List at coral.aoml.noaa.gov<mailto:Coral-List at coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
> > > https://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/mailman/listinfo/coral-list<
> >
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> > >
> > _______________________________________________
> > Coral-List mailing list
> > Coral-List at coral.aoml.noaa.gov<mailto:Coral-List at coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
> > https://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/mailman/listinfo/coral-list<
> >
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> > >
> >
> >
> > --
> >
> > Sarah Hughes
> >
> > Master of Marine Management Graduate
> >
> > Dalhousie University | Marine Affairs Program
> >
> > email: sarah.hughes at dal.ca<mailto:arah.hughes at dal.ca>
> >
> > phone: 1.778.679.4059
> >
> >
> > ------------------------------
> >
> > Message: 3
> > Date: Thu, 6 May 2021 23:37:25 +0000
> > From: Ligia Collado-Vides <colladol at fiu.edu>
> > To: "coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov" <coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
> > Subject: [Coral-List] FW: Call for contributions - Special Issue on
> > Sargassum in Phycology
> > Message-ID:
> > <
> >
> BN8PR05MB6001E93A9DB33A651113447BD0589 at BN8PR05MB6001.namprd05.prod.outlook.com
> > >
> >
> > Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8"
> >
> > Dear all
> > Please see invitation below
> > Thank you
> > Ligia
> >
> > Special issue for the journal Phycology: ?Sargassum Golden Tides, a
> Global
> > Problem?.
> > ?
> > Dear Colleagues,
> > Beach and coastline inundations by Sargassum blooms have been called the
> > single greatest threat to tourism and fisheries in the Caribbean. The
> > impact of Sargassum is not only economic but has implications for the
> > environment and health of coastal ecosystems and communities. Golden
> tides
> > of Sargassum are also causing major problems in other areas of the world,
> > such as the Mexican and West Africa coasts. This recurrent challenge is
> the
> > focus of increasing research and innovations.
> >
> > A special issue of the open-access MDPI journal, Phycology, will
> emphasise
> > the various impacts and potential uses of Sargassum. Submissions from
> > research groups worldwide are requested. Also, papers from the conference
> > ?Sargassum Golden Tides, a global problem? will be published in this
> issue.
> > Scientific articles on the composition; potential uses (biofuels,
> > fertiliser, feed, food industry, biochemical, pharmaceutical, cosmetics,
> > activated carbon and others); environmental, socio-economical and health
> > impacts; monitoring; inundation prediction; and case studies are
> welcomed.
> > Publications from multidisciplinary groups are especially encouraged.
> >
> > Deadline for manuscript submissions:?30 November 2021
> > For more information visit:
> >
> >
> https://www.mdpi.com/journal/phycology/special_issues/Sargassum_Golden_Tides
> > <
> >
> https://urldefense.com/v3/__https:/www.mdpi.com/journal/phycology/special_issues/Sargassum_Golden_Tides__;!!FjuHKAHQs5udqho!ZhAhRYMTYJ2wBGS1iv4rR6bTdhP3tO_91wLsTMd2f7nvBhQX1c_AFRha8OlmNw$
> > >
> >
> > Regards
> >
> > John and Anne
> >
> > Guest Editors:
> > Dr John James Milledge, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Algae
> > Biotechnology Research Group, University of Greenwich.
> > j.j.milledge at gre.ac.uk<mailto:j.j.milledge at gre.ac.uk>
> > Ms Anne Desrochers, PhD candidate, Centre for Resource Management and
> > Environmental Studies, University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus,
> > Barbados.
> > anne.desrochers at fao.org<mailto:anne.desrochers at fao.org>
> > University of Greenwich, a charity and company limited by guarantee,
> > registered in England (reg no. 986729). Registered Office: Old Royal
> Naval
> > College, Park Row, Greenwich SE10 9LS.
> >
> >
> >
> > ------------------------------
> >
> > Message: 4
> > Date: Thu, 6 May 2021 09:47:49 -1100
> > From: Douglas Fenner <douglasfennertassi at gmail.com>
> > To: coral list <coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
> > Subject: [Coral-List] marine heat waves
> > Message-ID:
> > <
> > CAOEmEkFfNFTixfCro2g5bb_8fXOH-T25EBA9cPt8YYM46z0iDw at mail.gmail.com>
> > Content-Type: text/plain; charset="UTF-8"
> >
> > A big problem for coral reefs but also other parts of the oceans
> >
> > Fevers are plaguing the oceans- and climate change is making them worse
> >
> > https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-021-01142-4
> >
> > Links in that article to other articles relevant to coral reefs:
> >
> > These corals could survive climate change- and help save the world's
> reefs
> >
> > https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-019-03629-7
> >
> > ?Unless we curb carbon emissions, none of this is going to make any
> > difference whatsoever,?
> >
> > Save reefs to rescue all ecosystems
> >
> > https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-019-02737-8
> >
> > "What?s more, small-scale attempts at coral gardening, aquarium breeding
> > and cryopreservation can convey a misleading message: that the decline of
> > coral reefs is solvable without rapid, coordinated action on climate
> change
> > caused by human activity."
> >
> > "Ultimately, coral reefs will be lost unless global carbon emissions are
> > slashed to 45% of 2010 levels by 20301
> > <https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-019-02737-8#ref-CR1>."
> >
> > (note when articles like this say that 'some reefs will be gone' they
> mean
> > the coral reef ecosystem, not the geological structure. We continue to
> use
> > sloppy terminology that is way less specific than it needs to be, in my
> > opinion.)
> >
> > Cheers, Doug
> >
> > --
> > Douglas Fenner
> > Lynker Technologies, LLC, Contractor
> > NOAA Fisheries Service
> > Pacific Islands Regional Office
> > Honolulu
> > and:
> > Coral Reef Consulting
> > PO Box 997390
> > Pago Pago, American Samoa 96799-6298 USA
> >
> > Slashing emissions by 2050 isn't enough. We can bring down temperature
> > now.
> >
> >
> https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/climate-deadlines-super-pollutants-hfcs-methane/2021/04/15/acb8c612-9d7d-11eb-b7a8-014b14aeb9e4_story.html
> >
> > Humans have destroyed 97% of earth's ecosystems
> > (well, more like only 3% are fully intact)
> > https://a.msn.com/r/2/BB1fH7DT?m=en-us&referrerID=InAppShare
> >
> > Study: One-third of plant and animal species could be gone in 50 years.
> > (but 2-4 times worse in tropics)
> > https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2020-02/uoa-soo021220.php
> > https://www.pnas.org/content/117/8/4211
> >
> >
> > ------------------------------
> >
> > Message: 5
> > Date: Thu, 6 May 2021 17:36:24 -1100
> > From: Douglas Fenner <douglasfennertassi at gmail.com>
> > To: coral list <coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
> > Subject: [Coral-List] article: blueprint for coral survival
> > Message-ID:
> > <
> > CAOEmEkFqLt_PwCnxaYjQbRtNr_Q29-EbKhXLud1AdGCvSP-5HQ at mail.gmail.com>
> > Content-Type: text/plain; charset="UTF-8"
> >
> > Designing a blueprint for coral reef survival
> >
> >
> >
> https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006320721001592?via%3Dihub
> >
> > Cheers, Doug
> >
> > --
> > Douglas Fenner
> > Lynker Technologies, LLC, Contractor
> > NOAA Fisheries Service
> > Pacific Islands Regional Office
> > Honolulu
> > and:
> > Coral Reef Consulting
> > PO Box 997390
> > Pago Pago, American Samoa 96799-6298 USA
> >
> > Slashing emissions by 2050 isn't enough. We can bring down temperature
> > now.
> >
> >
> https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/climate-deadlines-super-pollutants-hfcs-methane/2021/04/15/acb8c612-9d7d-11eb-b7a8-014b14aeb9e4_story.html
> >
> > Humans have destroyed 97% of earth's ecosystems
> > (well, more like only 3% are fully intact)
> > https://a.msn.com/r/2/BB1fH7DT?m=en-us&referrerID=InAppShare
> >
> > Study: One-third of plant and animal species could be gone in 50 years.
> > (but 2-4 times worse in tropics)
> > https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2020-02/uoa-soo021220.php
> > https://www.pnas.org/content/117/8/4211
> >
> >
> > ------------------------------
> >
> > Subject: Digest Footer
> >
> > _______________________________________________
> > Coral-List mailing list
> > Coral-List at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
> > https://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/mailman/listinfo/coral-list
> >
> > ------------------------------
> >
> > End of Coral-List Digest, Vol 153, Issue 2
> > ******************************************
> >
> >
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