[Coral-List] Coral-List Digest, Vol 171, Issue 1

Thu Nov 3 05:25:02 UTC 2022

MPA Director Job with Wildlife Conservation Society

WCS Marine 30x30 Director

WCS the Wildlife Conservation Society has an exciting opportunity for a Marine 30x30 Director. This position will work to lead and support the establishment and management of locally appropriate, equitable, effective and sustainable MPAs and OECMs, helping the world to achieve the goals of the 30x30 initiative and successful area-based management. We have about 400 staff in 26 countries working on marine conservation issues. Do you have experience of the establishment and success of managed areas, an understanding of the need to ensure the rights of local people are upheld, and a track record of securing resources for innovative, exciting projects? This is an exciting opportunity for someone to not only achieve great progress for marine conservation, but also to benefit people reliant on healthy, productive, climate resilient ocean ecosystems. We hire with due respect to gender, generational, and geographic balance. For more information go to:  https://lnkd.in/eEjmQHzm

________________________________________
From: Coral-List <coral-list-bounces at coral.aoml.noaa.gov> on behalf of coral-list-request at coral.aoml.noaa.gov <coral-list-request at coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
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Subject: Coral-List Digest, Vol 171, Issue 1

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Today's Topics:

1. Job Opportunity in American Samoa for ASCRAG Coordinator
(Natasha Ripley)
2. (Coral-List) 1.5 C not plausible anymore (Steve Mussman)
3. amazing recovery of corals in the Southern Line Islands after
bleaching mortality (Douglas Fenner)
4. Re: 1.5 C not plausible anymore
(International Coral Reef Observatory)
5. Re: amazing recovery of corals in the Southern Line Islands
after bleaching mortality (Austin Bowden-Kerby)
6. trends in monitoring data on reefs in Barbados, short popular
piece (Douglas Fenner)
7. Job Opportunity in American Samoa for ASCRAG Coordinator
(Natasha Ripley)
8. Re: (Coral-List) 1.5 C not plausible anymore (Sarah Frias-Torres)

----------------------------------------------------------------------

Message: 1
Date: Mon, 31 Oct 2022 11:38:01 -1100
From: Natasha Ripley <natasha.ripley at crag.as>
To: coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: [Coral-List] Job Opportunity in American Samoa for ASCRAG
Coordinator
Message-ID:
<CAGmxG2RqciWd16gN1s7qbsBPvpnL3_dQYU0XQHcvduMS660Wbw at mail.gmail.com>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="UTF-8"

Job opportunity in American Samoa with the American Samoa Coral Reef
Advisory Group (ASCRAG) for the ASCRAG Coordinator position. Please click
on this link
<https://www.americansamoa.gov/_files/ugd/4bfff9_93364c228a024c43adcf5cf0ab99f7a0.pdf<https://www.americansamoa.gov/_files/ugd/4bfff9_93364c228a024c43adcf5cf0ab99f7a0.pdf>>
for the job announcement for more information.

Application Deadline is November 03, 2022, this Thursday.

Should you have questions regarding the positions please contact Natasha
Ripley <natasha.ripley at crag.as>.

Kind regards,

--
*Natasha Siaivao Selai Ripley*
*Coral Reef Monitoring Technician *
*Coral Reef Advisory Group Coordination*
*Dept. of Marine & Wildlife Resources*
*Ph: (684) 633-0382*
*Cell: (684) 252-4444 *
*Fax: (684) 633-5944*

------------------------------

Message: 2
Date: Mon, 31 Oct 2022 11:26:41 -0400
From: Steve Mussman <sealab at earthlink.net>
To: coral list <coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: [Coral-List] (Coral-List) 1.5 C not plausible anymore
Message-ID: <cb4c67e1-2c86-41c1-aed6-c2efaaec5ae2 at Steves-iPad-2>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8"

Sorry, I didn?t mean to suggest that focusing on facilitated migration was ?the only way forward?. In actuality, as an outside observer, I am consistently awed by the groundbreaking work being done in the coral sciences. The recent advances in knowledge and understanding have been extraordinary. Whether it is high-tech magic bullets or basic conservation biology that provides the best way forward is and should be open for debate, but here we are on the veritable cusp of a world-wide coral reef catastrophe and the messaging going out into the public domain still remains vague and enigmatic.

If the coral science community truly believes in the projections being made regarding 1.5C and beyond, there is an obligation, I would think, to make that climatic point unequivocally clear.

Steve Mussman

------------------------------

Message: 3
Date: Mon, 31 Oct 2022 14:15:30 -1100
From: Douglas Fenner <douglasfennertassi at gmail.com>
To: coral list <coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: [Coral-List] amazing recovery of corals in the Southern Line
Islands after bleaching mortality
Message-ID:
<CAOEmEkGhOjk_LEa=k5pioYv+GoDw7zNbHjJO1hwOHbhtz-UPig at mail.gmail.com>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="UTF-8"

Once devastated, these Pacific reefs have seen an amazing rebirth

https://www.nationalgeographic.com/magazine/article/once-devastated-these-pacific-reefs-have-seen-an-amazing-rebirth-feature<https://www.nationalgeographic.com/magazine/article/once-devastated-these-pacific-reefs-have-seen-an-amazing-rebirth-feature>

Cheers, Doug

--
Douglas Fenner
Lynker Technologies, LLC, Contractor
NOAA Fisheries Service
Pacific Islands Regional Office
Honolulu
and:
Coral Reef Consulting
PO Box 997390
Pago Pago, American Samoa 96799-6298 USA

Switching to renewable energy could save trillions-up to $12 TRILLION by
2050.
https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-62892013<https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-62892013>

1 in 6 deaths worldwide can be attributed to pollution, new review shows
https://www.msn.com/en-us/health/medical/1-in-6-deaths-worldwide-can-be-attributed-to-pollution-new-review-shows/ar-AAXozQh<https://www.msn.com/en-us/health/medical/1-in-6-deaths-worldwide-can-be-attributed-to-pollution-new-review-shows/ar-AAXozQh>

UN: World on fast track to disaster, but we can avert it
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9xBVD8r0aHQ<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9xBVD8r0aHQ>

------------------------------

Message: 4
Date: Tue, 1 Nov 2022 11:38:21 -0500
From: International Coral Reef Observatory <icrobservatory at gmail.com>
To: coral list <coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Cc: sale at uwindsor.ca, "franziskaelmer at hotmail.com"
<franziskaelmer at hotmail.com>
Subject: Re: [Coral-List] 1.5 C not plausible anymore
Message-ID:
<CAK-MS=ZOhp0nM0_N560jh9DMSx4PJ57t4kjZKmZ12Bp6H4QaEQ at mail.gmail.com>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="UTF-8"

Well said Peter and Franziska!! I also think it is time for a new approach
to communicating what we know of the likely future of this planet - a
planet without any functional coral reefs and degraded in many other ways
besides. That new approach is called telling the whole truth, rather than
just parts of the truth, or sugar-coated parts of the truth. It is time to
support the real implementation of the United Nations
Sustainable Development Goals SDG 13 and 14.

As scientists we should base our communication on transdisciplinary
research (ecological, social economics and citizen sciences as concluded at
ICRS 2022) and stop promising to save the coral reefs by scaling up coral
restoration with funds of developers that pollute, dredge, overfish or
destroy coral reefs. Because, the Blue Economy that funded these shadow
projects (Environmental economics) only justifies more degradation of coral
reefs of the world.

All the best,

Nohora Galvis

Director of the International Coral Reef Observatory

Facebook.com/ICRObservatory<http://Facebook.com/ICRObservatory>

Spanish Twitter @ArrecifesCoral

English Twitter and Instagram ICR_Observatory

El mi?, 19 oct 2022 a las 15:01, Peter Sale via Coral-List (<
coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov>) escribi?:

> To: CoraL-LIST
> Thank you, Franziska Elmer for reminding us that the world is not heading
> towards 1.5 degrees and that doing so is (or is rapidly becoming) an
> impossibility.
>
> Over past decades, the coral reef community has tried doom and gloom. And
> it has tried ocean optimism. Neither approach has led to significant
> change in perspectives and action on the global environmental crisis. Yes,
> lots of people have worked locally, or joined the global conversation, in
> an effort to change where we are headed, but little change has been
> achieved. We have not even lowered the rate of increase in the
> concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere.
>
> I support signing the letter as Franziska suggests. But I also think it
> is time for a new approach to communicating what we know of the likely
> future of this planet - a planet without any functional coral reefs and
> degraded in many other ways besides. That new approach is called telling
> the whole truth, rather than just parts of the truth, or sugar-coated parts
> of the truth.
>
> The whole truth, in my view, is that we have been deluding ourselves,
> since well before the days of the Rio Declaration, that it would be
> possible for an ever-increasing number of humans to raise their level of
> prosperity towards median advanced nation norms in an environmentally
> sustainable way. This was not possible in 1992 and it is even less
> possible in 2022. The extent to which we have already degraded the natural
> world is substantial. The fact that we are eliminating coral reefs very
> rapidly through a combination of actions - warming of the planet,
> overfishing, inappropriate coastal management and pollution are the most
> egregious - is just the most conspicuous of many deleterious impacts.
> These broader impacts range from deforestation, land use capture by
> agriculture, urbanization, over-production of biologically accessible
> nitrogen, and massive removal of glacial ice reserves to a whole host of
> other slights, such as the immense shift of biomass and energy flow into
> humans
> and their handful of food organisms.
>
> Even if we rapidly transition away from use of fossil fuels, our
> degradation of the planet in these many other ways will continue. As we
> simplify the natural world, we erode its capacity to be resilient and
> continue to supply the goods and services that sustain human life. To
> pretend that we can address all these threats while also ensuring a march
> towards heightened quality of life for a rapidly growing number of us, and
> do this with only modest changes to lifestyles of those of us already
> fortunate enough to live on more than $2 per day has to be denounced as
> perhaps the biggest lie out there. A lie in which those of us struggling
> to articulate the need to live within the means of the planet are (almost)
> as complicit as those others of us who maintain that the state of the
> planetary system is irrelevant to human progress.
>
> I personally believe there is still a lot that humanity can do to lessen
> the impact of the Anthropocene. But we will not get very far until we
> recognize that we and all other creatures share this planet and depend on
> it for our survival. With that recognition, perhaps, we can mount the kind
> of all-out, global attack on the environmental crisis that has to happen,
> and which shows no signs of happening by itself.
>
> Peter Sale
> University of Windsor (emeritus)
> sale at uwindsor.ca<mailto:sale at uwindsor.ca>
> www.petersalebooks.com<http://www.petersalebooks.com><http://www.petersalebooks.com/<http://www.petersalebooks.com>>
>
> _______________________________________________
> Coral-List mailing list
> Coral-List at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
> https://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/mailman/listinfo/coral-list<https://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/mailman/listinfo/coral-list>
>

------------------------------

Message: 5
Date: Wed, 2 Nov 2022 09:51:58 +1200
From: Austin Bowden-Kerby <abowdenkerby at gmail.com>
To: Douglas Fenner <douglasfennertassi at gmail.com>
Cc: coral list <coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Re: [Coral-List] amazing recovery of corals in the Southern
Line Islands after bleaching mortality
Message-ID:
<CAL0VXCUSD+2PA9wR6NfWa0LjiPiYTQ_-hQ-BgioaxDaX0zO+SQ at mail.gmail.com>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="UTF-8"

Thanks Doug,

Yes, this sounds encouraging- on the surface, and the photos are
beautiful! However if you look more deeply, it is a lot less hopeful.
What this represents is yet another case of near total phase shift in the
coral population, and the local extinction of a whole list of species. The
actual reality is this: due mass bleaching, the coral population of the
Southern Line Islands has gone from a diverse population dominated by
Pocillopora and Acropora, to one dominated by a single species of
Montipora.

A similar phase shift has happened in Tarawa, in the Gilbert chain, due to
bleaching, with the end state being a single species: Porites rus (Cannon
et al, 2021). In Kiritimati Atoll, the mass bleaching resulted in the
local extinction of many Acropora species and a big reduction in
Pocillopora, leaving behind only remnants of massive Porites and massive
Pavona, (Bowden-Kerby et al, 2021). In Moorea, the phase shift has gone
from Acropora dominated to Pocillopora dominated (Edmunds, 2018; Carlot et
al, 2020), related to bleaching and COTS predation. This phase shift has
been well documented for the Red sea as well (Riegl et al, 2013), with a
shift away from Acropora towards Pocillopora and Porites, attributed to a
combination of mass bleaching and COTS predation.

These phase shifts transform the habitat characteristics of the reef, away
from what the original species. The resulting reefs provide poor habitat
for juvenile fish and plankton-feeding fish like Chromis, which require
branching coral species. These phase shifts represent weedy and
long-lasting coral species, which can dominate the settlement surfaces and
prevent larval based recovery of the reef back to its original coral
population. Few of these authors seem to understand this, and so they
celebrate and use the word "recovery" in their titles. However, these
phase shifts represent degraded alternate steady-state conditions.
Unfortunately GCRMN will support these authors, as it only looks at coral
cover, not genera, and so it will not pick up or highlight these phase
shifts and species extinctions either.

I have two recommendations related to this information:
1. GCRMN needs to be updated to include coral genera! Seriously- how can
GCRMN be missing so much of the plot?
2. The authors of these sorts of "recovery" studies need to present phase
shifts with less glee and celebration. A more detached and honest view will
present the tragedy that has happened. Yes, the alternative state
sometimes is rather glorious and beautiful, appearing to be an improvement
over barren rock, but the fact is that these phase shifts represent local
extinction events for coral species essential to ecosystem function,
fisheries, and coral reef geology. And these phase shifts might also
prevent the return to the original populations, cementing in the extinction
event.

We can not allow increasing coral cover to trick us into thinking that an
actual recovery has happened.
If we do, we risk being seduced by the enemy and missing the evil plot that
climate change is weaving, tricking us into inaction!

I think that there is enough evidence to come to the conclusion that coral
reefs are dying out as a series of phase shifts. Only this recognition
will help us refrain from celebrating the shift, and to stop labeling it
recovery.
Only by understanding these basic processes occurring on coral reefs under
increasing stress, can we then begin saving the reefs.

What happens when the next mass bleaching event or perhaps predators or
disease kills off much of the Montipora of the Southern Line Islands? Will
this unstick the alternative steady state and allow recovery? Not unless
there is a source of coral larvae from the original, now missing coral
species. How does a high coral cover single-species dominated reef get
restored to its original highly diverse state? On Kiritimati, after the
mass coral die-off in 2015-16, and while coral cover was still under 5% for
the two remaining massive species, we turned our focus to finding the few
remnant survivors of formerly dominant Acropora and Pocillopora coral
species, and growing them within a recovery nursery. The focus was on
restoring sexual process to the corals, by collecting the widely spaced and
ecologically extinct survivors, growing them, and getting them back
together. While several formerly abundant Acropora coral species could not
be found, we have succeeded in restoring reproduction to patches of seven
Acropora and two Pocillopora species.

A 22 minute presentation on our 'Reefs of Hope' strategies is here
https://youtu.be/arkeSGXfKMk<https://youtu.be/arkeSGXfKMk> And to the list: we welcome self-funded
research partners and graduate students in our sites.

Vinaka, and kind regards to all,

Austin

Cannon SE, Aram E, Beiateuea T, Kiareti A, Peter M, Donner SD (2021) Coral
reefs in the Gilbert Islands of Kiribati: Resistance, resilience, and
recovery after more than a decade of multiple stressors. PLoS ONE 16(8):
e0255304. https://doi. org/10.1371/journal.pone.0255304

Edmunds, P.J. Implications of high rates of sexual recruitment in driving
rapid reef recovery in Mo?orea, French Polynesia. 2018. Nature: Scientific
Reports. 8:16615 doi:10.1038/s41598-018-34686-z

Carlot J., Rove`re A., Casella E., Harris D., Grellet-Mun C., Chancerelle
Y., Dormy E., Hedouin L., Parravicini V. 2020. Community composition
predicts photogrammetry-based structural complexity on coral reefs. Coral
Reefs. doi: 10.1007/s00338-020-01916-8

Riegl B., Berumen M., Bruckner A. 2013. Coral population trajectories,
increased disturbance and management intervention: a sensitivity analysis.
Ecology and Evolution 3(4): 1050?1064

doi: 10.1002/ece3.519

Bowden-Kerby, A., Romero, L., and Kirata T. 2021. Chapter 17: Line Islands
Case Study. In: Active Coral Restoration: Techniques for a changing planet,
David Vaughn, Editor. 610pp.

Austin Bowden-Kerby, PhD
Corals for Conservation
P.O. Box 4649 Samabula, Fiji Islands

https://www.globalgiving.org/projects/emergency-response-to-massive-coral-bleaching/<https://www.globalgiving.org/projects/emergency-response-to-massive-coral-bleaching>
<https://www.globalgiving.org/projects/emergency-response-to-massive-coral-bleaching/<https://www.globalgiving.org/projects/emergency-response-to-massive-coral-bleaching/>>

On Wed, Nov 2, 2022 at 6:01 AM Douglas Fenner via Coral-List <
coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov> wrote:

> Once devastated, these Pacific reefs have seen an amazing rebirth
>
>
> https://www.nationalgeographic.com/magazine/article/once-devastated-these-pacific-reefs-have-seen-an-amazing-rebirth-feature<https://www.nationalgeographic.com/magazine/article/once-devastated-these-pacific-reefs-have-seen-an-amazing-rebirth-feature>
>
> Cheers, Doug
>
> --
> Douglas Fenner
> Lynker Technologies, LLC, Contractor
> NOAA Fisheries Service
> Pacific Islands Regional Office
> Honolulu
> and:
> Coral Reef Consulting
> PO Box 997390
> Pago Pago, American Samoa 96799-6298 USA
>
> Switching to renewable energy could save trillions-up to $12 TRILLION by
> 2050.
> https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-62892013<https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-62892013>
>
> 1 in 6 deaths worldwide can be attributed to pollution, new review shows
>
> https://www.msn.com/en-us/health/medical/1-in-6-deaths-worldwide-can-be-attributed-to-pollution-new-review-shows/ar-AAXozQh<https://www.msn.com/en-us/health/medical/1-in-6-deaths-worldwide-can-be-attributed-to-pollution-new-review-shows/ar-AAXozQh>
>
> UN: World on fast track to disaster, but we can avert it
> https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9xBVD8r0aHQ<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9xBVD8r0aHQ>
> _______________________________________________
> Coral-List mailing list
> Coral-List at coral.aoml.noaa.gov
> https://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/mailman/listinfo/coral-list<https://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/mailman/listinfo/coral-list>
>

------------------------------

Message: 6
Date: Tue, 1 Nov 2022 08:42:22 -1100
From: Douglas Fenner <douglasfennertassi at gmail.com>
To: coral list <coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: [Coral-List] trends in monitoring data on reefs in Barbados,
short popular piece
Message-ID:
<CAOEmEkHdgDoePF9-Na+86scTj+7m8VO0=3xHKf78ZbF6mvjbbg at mail.gmail.com>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="UTF-8"

Spotting hopeful signs for coral health in Barbados's backyard.

https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-022-03480-3<https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-022-03480-3>

Cheers, Doug

--
Douglas Fenner
Lynker Technologies, LLC, Contractor
NOAA Fisheries Service
Pacific Islands Regional Office
Honolulu
and:
Coral Reef Consulting
PO Box 997390
Pago Pago, American Samoa 96799-6298 USA

Switching to renewable energy could save trillions-up to $12 TRILLION by
2050.
https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-62892013<https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-62892013>

1 in 6 deaths worldwide can be attributed to pollution, new review shows
https://www.msn.com/en-us/health/medical/1-in-6-deaths-worldwide-can-be-attributed-to-pollution-new-review-shows/ar-AAXozQh<https://www.msn.com/en-us/health/medical/1-in-6-deaths-worldwide-can-be-attributed-to-pollution-new-review-shows/ar-AAXozQh>

UN: World on fast track to disaster, but we can avert it
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9xBVD8r0aHQ<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9xBVD8r0aHQ>

------------------------------

Message: 7
Date: Mon, 31 Oct 2022 10:39:31 -1100
From: Natasha Ripley <natasha.ripley at crag.as>
To: coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov,
as-science-network at googlegroups.com
Subject: [Coral-List] Job Opportunity in American Samoa for ASCRAG
Coordinator
Message-ID:
<CAGmxG2S8Gr78oG5syhaUkT0zzHpUh9qLyWLtoCf=jNhW+q+58Q at mail.gmail.com>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="UTF-8"

Job opportunity in American Samoa with the American Samoa Coral Reef
Advisory Group (ASCRAG) for the ASCRAG Coordinator position. Please see the
job announcement attached below for more information.

Application Deadline is November 03, 2022, this Thursday.

Should you have questions regarding the positions please contact Natasha
Ripley <natasha.ripley at crag.as>.

Kind regards,
--
*Natasha Siaivao Selai Ripley*
*Coral Reef Monitoring Technician *
*Coral Reef Advisory Group Coordination*
*Dept. of Marine & Wildlife Resources*
*Ph: (684) 633-0382*
*Cell: (684) 252-4444 *
*Fax: (684) 633-5944*

------------------------------

Message: 8
Date: Tue, 1 Nov 2022 22:09:51 +0000
From: Sarah Frias-Torres <sfrias_torres at hotmail.com>
To: coral list <coral-list at coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Re: [Coral-List] (Coral-List) 1.5 C not plausible anymore
Message-ID:
<BY3PR15MB4929ABFC4CFCAC22591EF5AA81369 at BY3PR15MB4929.namprd15.prod.outlook.com>

Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1"

I envy the communication abilities of birdwatchers, tree huggers, and whale people. They have a clear message. They show up at local, national, and international meetings and speak on behalf of the birds, the trees, and the whales, with one powerful voice. They are the fingers in one hand that unite and make a fist to fight.

We have failed in our communication and action. We are pelagic coral larvae, drifting eternally in the ocean, never going through settlement and recruitment. So, we don't form a reef, we are not part of an ecosystem that works together with one voice, that takes united action on behalf of coral reefs.

Coral reefs are rarely included in any government action agenda. Maybe pledges but not attached to real action. There are exceptions, but when talking about protecting ecosystems, the collective thinking goes to the Amazon rainforest, and many orders of magnitude later, coral reefs maybe get a blip of interest. I see this trend going from the general public all the way to politicians. But remember, politicians, who should know better, are mostly ignorant and inept at knowing the ways how nature works.

So, on behalf of the coral reefs of the world, the ones still functional that we need to protect, and the ones we need to restore, let's just get our act together. I don't know what it will take, if ICRI, ICRS, or some other acronym, or another initiative will unite us in one voice for coral reefs. But, for the love of Mother Ocean, let's fight this war together.

<><...<><...<><...

Sarah Frias-Torres, Ph.D.
Twitter: @GrouperDoc
Science Blog: https://grouperluna.com/<https://grouperluna.com>
Art Blog: https://oceanbestiary.com/<https://oceanbestiary.com>

------------------------------

Subject: Digest Footer

_______________________________________________
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End of Coral-List Digest, Vol 171, Issue 1
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