[Coral-List] new sponge climate record

[Douglas Fenner]

The sclerosponge quote comes from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demosponge

Cheers, Doug

On Mon, Feb 5, 2024 at 9:27 PM Douglas Fenner <douglasfennertassi at gmail.com>
wrote:

> Sea sponges keep climate records and the accounting is grim, study shows
>
>
> https://www.msn.com/en-us/weather/topstories/sea-sponges-keep-climate-records-and-the-accounting-is-grim-new-study-shows/ar-BB1hO8nw
>
> open-access
>
> Ocean warming and warning
>
> https://www.nature.com/articles/s41558-023-01921-z
>
> Not open-access
>
> 300 years of sclerosponge thermometry shows global warming has exceeded
> 1.5 C
>
> https://www.nature.com/articles/s41558-023-01919-7
>
> open-access.  The sponges were collected in Puerto Rico at a depth of
> 31-91 m, so mesophotic (probably coral reef).  Sclerosponges have a massive
> and hard calcium skeleton with a thin layer of living sponge tissue on the
> surface.  They are mostly at mesophotic depths in the Caribbean, in lower
> light habitats if shallower.  Not really common I would say.  I'm presuming
> that they add to their external skeleton slowly.  Most are pretty small,
> one species can be at least 10 cm diameter, others may be smaller.  I don't
> think I've ever seen one in the Indo-Pacific, though they are surely here.
> My impression is not many species.
>
> Wikipedia says "
> Sclerosponges[edit
> <https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Demosponge&action=edit&section=2>
> ]
>
> Sclerosponges were first proposed as a class of sponges, *Sclerospongiae*,
> in 1970 by Hartman and Goreau.[16]
> <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demosponge#cite_note-16> However, it was
> later found by Vacelet that sclerosponges occur in different classes of
> Porifera <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porifera>.[17]
> <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demosponge#cite_note-17> That means that
> sclerosponges are not a closely related (taxonomic
> <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)>) group of sponges and
> are considered to be a polyphyletic grouping and contained within the
> Demospongiae. Like bats <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bat> and birds
> <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bird> that independently developed the
> ability to fly, different sponges developed the ability to build a
> calcareous skeleton independently and at different times in Earth's
> history <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geological_history_of_Earth>.
> Fossil sclerosponges are already known from the Cambrian
> <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambrian> period.[18]
> <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demosponge#cite_note-18>"
> For more articles on related subjects, see:  https://www.nature.com/search
>
> Such as:
>
> Resistance to ocean acidification in coral reef taxa is not gained by
> acclimatization
>
> Coral resilience to ocean acidification and global warming through pH
> up-regulation
>
> A coralline alga gains tolerance to ocean acidification over multiple
> generations of exposure
>
> Cheers, Doug
>
> --
> Douglas Fenner
> Lynker Technologies, LLC, Contractor
> NOAA Fisheries Service
> Pacific Islands Regional Office
> Honolulu
> and:
> Coral Reef Consulting
> PO Box 997390
> Pago Pago, American Samoa 96799-6298  USA
>
> Costanza, R. 2023. To build a better world, stop chasing economic growth.
> Nature 624: 519-521.   https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-023-04029-8
>
> Fossil fuel air pollution kills 5 million people world-wide per year
>
> https://www.yahoo.com/news/research-shows-disturbing-between-millions-200000257.html
>
> World's richest 1% emit as much as 5 billion people
> https://makerichpolluterspay.org/climate-equality-report/
>
> Huge expansion of fossil fuels planned, will be very destructive
>
> https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/nov/08/insanity-petrostates-planning-huge-expansion-of-fossil-fuels-says-un-report
>
> "without policy changes, the world will heat up enough by the end of the
> century that more than 2 billion people will live in life-threatening hot
> climates"         Will you be in that area???
>
> https://www.yahoo.com/news/scientists-sounding-alarm-dangerous-problem-123000792.html
>
> World subsidies for fossil fuels reached an all-time high of over $1
> TRILLION in 2022, the last year for which data is available.  The subsidies
> MUST end.
>
>
> https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/observations/fossil-fuel-subsidies-must-end/
>
>